天津专用2022高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破十一主旨大意_标题归纳题优选习题

十一、主旨大意——标题归纳题(2022·6月天津，C)There’sanewfrontierin3Dprintingthat’sbeginningtocomeintofocus：food.Recentdevelopmenthasmadepossiblemachinesthatprint，cook，andservefoodsonamassscale.Andtheindustryisn’tstoppingthere.FoodproductionWitha3Dprinter，acookcanprintcomplicatedchocolatesculpturesandbeautifulpiecesfordecorationonaweddingcake.Noteverybodycandothat—ittakesyearsofexperience，butaprintermakesiteasy.ArestaurantinSpainusesaFoodinito“re-createformsandpieces”offoodthatare“exactlythesame，”freeingcookstocompleteothertasks.Inanotherrestaurant，allofthedishesanddessertsitservesare3D-printed，ratherthanfarmtotable.Sustainability(可持续性)Theglobalpopulationisexpectedtogrowto9.6billionby2050，andsomeanalystsestimatethatfoodproductionwillneedtoberaisedby50percenttomaintaincurrentlevels.Sustainabilityisbecominganecessity.3Dfoodprintingcouldprobablycontributetothesolution.Someexpertsbelieveprinterscouldusehydrocolloids(水解胶体)fromplentifulrenewableslikealgae(藻类)andgrasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients(烹饪原料).3Dprintingcanreducefueluseandemissions.Grocerystoresofthefuturemightstock“food”thatlastsyearsonend，freeingupshelfspaceandreducingtransportationandstoragerequirements.16\nNutritionFuture3Dfoodprinterscouldmakeprocessedfoodhealthier.HodLipson，aprofessoratColumbiaUniversity，said，“Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent，likevitamins.Soinsteadofeatingapieceofyesterday’sbreadfromthesupermarket，you’deatsomethingbakedjustforyouondemand.”ChallengesDespiterecentadvancementsin3Dfoodprinting，theindustryhasmanychallengestoovercome.Currently，mostingredientsmustbechangedtoapaste(糊状物)beforeaprintercanusethem，andtheprintingprocessisquitetime-consuming，becauseingredientsinteractwitheachotherinverycomplexways.Ontopofthat，mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients，becausemeatandmilkproductsmayeasilygobad.Someexpertsareskepticalabout3Dfoodprinters，believingtheyarebettersuitedforfastfoodrestaurantsthanhomesandhigh-endrestaurants.46.Whatbenefitdoes3Dprintingbringtofoodproduction?A.Ithelpscookstocreatenewdishes.B.Itsavestimeandeffortincooking.C.Itimprovesthecookingconditions.D.Itcontributestorestaurantdecorations.答案　B解析　推理判断题。根据Foodproduction下的第二句中的“...ittakesyearsofexperience，butaprintermakesiteasy.”可知，利用3D打印机打印食物省时省力。故答案为B。47.Whatcanwelearnabout3DfoodprintingfromParagraph3?A.Itsolvesfoodshortageseasily.B.Itquickensthetransportationoffood.C.Itneedsnospaceforthestorageoffood.D.Itusesrenewablematerialsassourcesoffood.答案　D解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Someexpertsbelieveprinterscouldusehydrocolloids(水解胶体)fromplentifulrenewableslikealgae(藻类)andgrasstoreplacethefamiliar16\ningredients(烹饪原料).”可知，3D打印机用的是可再生材料。故D项正确。48.AccordingtoParagraph4,3D-printedfood.A.ismoreavailabletoconsumersB.canmeetindividualnutritionalneedsC.ismoretastythanfoodinsupermarketsD.cankeepallthenutritioninrawmaterials答案　B解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent，likevitamins.”可知，3D打印机打印食物可以满足个人的营养需求。故答案为B。49.Whatisthemainfactorthatprevents3Dfoodprintingfromspreadingwidely?A.Theprintingprocessiscomplicated.B.3Dfoodprintersaretooexpensive.C.Foodmaterialshavetobedry.D.Someexpertsdoubt3Dfoodprinting.答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据Challenges下的“Ontopofthat，mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients...”可知，选项C正确。50.Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.3DFoodPrinting：DeliciousNewTechnologyB.ANewWaytoImprove3DFoodPrintingC.TheChallengesfor3DFoodProductionD.3DFoodPrinting：FromFarmtoTable答案　A解析　标题归纳题。本文介绍了一种美味的新科技——3D食物打印，故A项适合作文章标题。一、题型解读记叙文、说明文和议论文三种文体所涉及的不同话题的阅读材料都会考查到标题归纳题。设问形式常有：(1)Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?(2)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage/text?(3)Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?(4)Themostsuitabletitleofthispassageis.16\n一个好的标题应具备三大特点：概括——准确而又简短；针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；醒目——能引发读者的阅读欲望。二、解题技巧1.“高度概括”定标题(1)所选文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容。标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。为吸引读者的注意，标题往往比较醒目。(2)一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断，但在某些文章中，如记叙文，没有明确的主题句，需要根据文中的事实细节，查找文章的“主线”，归纳出文章的主题。2.文章标题三特点(1)形式一般为单词、短语或句子，短语居多；(2)短小精悍，精确性强；(3)涵盖性强，能覆盖全文大意。例如：【真题感悟】中第50题，要求概括标题，文章主要介绍了3D打印技术在食物上的应用取得了进展，但目前仍面临着许多方面的挑战。所以用标题“3DFoodPrinting：DeliciousNewTechnology”。考生做此题时一定要注意选项的内容必须要能概括整个文章的内容，不能以偏概全。如B、C、D选项的内容在文章中都有所涉及，但不足以概括全文，所以需要考生正确概括全文的主旨大意。A(2022·天津十二区县二模)TearsofreliefandshoutsofjoyrangoutattheSanJoseMineinnorthernChilewhen33minerswereliftedtofreedom，onebyone.Themen，rangingfrom19to63yearsold，havebeenburiedalivesinceacaveinthecopperandgoldminetheywereworkingcollapsedonAugust5,2022.Itisthelongesttimeanyonehaseversurvivedbeingtrappedunderground.Afterthecollapse，themenfoundanemergencyshelteroffoneofthemine’stunnels.Thetemperatureinthedarkshelterwasaround90degreesFahrenheit.Formorethantwoweeks，theminers’watercamefromthetanksontheirworkvehicles.Theysharedasupplyoffoodthatwasmeanttolastforonly48hours.TheminersweretotallyisolateduntilrescueteamsmadecontactwiththemenonAugust22.Theysentanotetothesurfaceexplainingtheirsituation.Rescuersdrilledsmallholestoreachthecaveandsentdownsupplytubescontainingfood，water，clothes，medicine，freshairandothersupplies.Theyalsoreceivedletters16\nfromtheirfamilies，atelevisionsetandgames.Additionalcollapsessloweddownrescueefforts.Finally，atunnelwasbuiltthatcouldfita13-footrescuecapsule(救生舱)，calledthePheonix.Theescapeholemeasures28inchesacross，atightfitforthetwisting20minutes,2,041-footride.ThefirstminerreachedthesurfacejustaftermidnightonOctober,13.Therescuemissionwasfasterthanexpected，andall33menhadbeenbroughttosafetybylatethesameday.TheminersweremetbyfamilymemberswhowerewaitingatCampHope，asettlementoftentsnearthemine.Chile’spresident，SebastianPinera，cheeredatthesceneandhuggedtheminers.“Wemadeapromisenevertogiveup，andwekeptit，”hesaid.Afteranimmediatemedicalexam，themenwereairliftedtothenearesthospitalfor48hoursofobservation.1.Howlongweretherescuedminerstrappedinthemine?A.About48hours.B.Abouttwoweeks.C.Onemonthandahalf.D.Morethantwomonths.答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“acaveinthecopperandgoldminetheywereworkingcollapsed(倒塌)onAugust5,2022”和倒数第二段第四、五句“ThefirstminerreachedthesurfacejustaftermidnightonOctober,13...all33menhadbeenbroughttosafetybylatethesameday.”可知，所有被营救出来的矿工已被困了两个多月。2.Whichofthefollowingdoesn’tbelongtotherescuework?A.Thewaterfromthetanks.B.Smallholesdrilledtoreachthecave.C.Atunnelbuilttofixarescuecapsule.D.Letters，gamesandaTVsetfromthesurface.答案　A解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Formorethantwoweeks，theminers’watercamefromthetanksontheirworkvehicles.”可知，矿工们起初两个多星期饮用的水是作业车辆水箱中原先就有的，不属于救援工作。故选A。3.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.AllminersreachedthesurfacejustaftermidnightonOctober13.16\nB.Thelossoftheminecollapse.C.Thehealthconditionofthetrappedminers.D.TheconcernofChile’spresidentabouttheminecollapse.答案　D解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“Chile’spresident，SebastianPinera，cheeredatthesceneandhuggedtheminers.‘Wemadeapromisenevertogiveup，andwekeptit，’hesaid.”可知，智利总统对矿难非常关切。故选D。4.Accordingtothetext，therescuedminers.A.receivedmedicalexaminationinahospitalatfirstB.couldgohomeimmediatelytheygotoutofthemineC.hadtostayinahospitalfortwodaysbeforegoinghomeD.feltrelievedtoseetheirfamilymemberstakengoodcareof答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段末句“Afteranimmediatemedicalexam，themenwereairliftedtothenearesthospitalfor48hoursofobservation.”可知矿工获救后被送往最近的医院进行为期两天的观察。故选C。5.Thebesttitleforthetextshouldbe.A.DisasterattheMineB.AMiracleattheMineC.EffortsofGreatChileansD.MiserableLifeofChileanMiners答案　B解析　标题归纳题。本文主要描述了在营救者不懈的努力以及矿工们的顽强毅力下，智利矿难的营救工作取得了圆满成功，33名矿工在困于矿井两个多月后终于获救，这可以说是一个生命的奇迹。B(2022·和平区二模)Sincethe1970s，scientistshavebeensearchingforwaystolinkthebrainwithcomputers.Brain-computerinterface(界面)(BCI)technologycouldhelppeoplewithdisabilitiessendcommandstomachines.Recently，tworesearchers，JoseMilanandMicheleTavellafromtheFederalPolytechnicschoolinLausanne，Switzerland，demonstrated(展示)asmallroboticwheelchairdirectedbyaperson’sthoughts.Inthelaboratory，Tavellaoperatedthewheelchairjustbythinkingaboutmoving16\nhisleftorrighthand.Hecouldeventalkashewatchedthevehicleandguideditwithhisthoughts.“Ourbrainhasbillionsofnerveceils.Thesesendsignalsthroughthespinalcord(脊髓)tothemusclestogiveustheabilitytomove.Butspinalcordinjuriesorotherconditionscanpreventtheseweakelectricalsignalsfromreachingthemuscles，”Tavellasays.“Oursystemallowsdisabledpeopletocommunicatewithexternalworldandalsotocontroldevices.”Theresearchersdesignedaspecialcapfortheuser.Thisheadcoverpicksupthesignalsfromthescalp(头皮)andsendsthemtoacomputer.Thecomputerinterpretsthesignalsandcommandsthemotorizedwheelchair.Thewheelchairalsohastwocamerasthatidentifyobjectsinitspath.Theyhelpthecomputerreacttocommandsfromthebrain.Prof.Milan，theteamleader，saysscientistskeepimprovingthecomputersoftwarethatinterpretsbrainsignalsandturnsthemintosimplecommands.“ThepracticalpossibilitiesthatBCItechnologyofferstodisabledpeoplecanbegroupedintwocategories：communication，andcontrollingdevices.Oneexampleisthiswheelchair.”Hesayshisteamhassettwogoals.Oneistestingwithrealpatients，soastoprovethatthisisatechnologytheycanbenefitfrom.Andtheotheristoguaranteethattheycanusethetechnologyoverlongperiodsoftime.6.BCIistechnologythatcan.A.helptoupdatecomputersystemsB.linkthehumanbrainwithcomputersC.helpthedisabledtorecoverD.controlaperson’sthoughts答案　B解析　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，人类一直在寻找把人脑和电脑联系在一起的方法，BCI可以帮助残疾人向机器发布命令。由此可知，BCI是一种可以连接人脑和电脑的技术。7.HowdidTavellaoperatethewheelchairinthelaboratory?A.Bycontrollinghismuscles.B.Bytalkingtothemachine.C.Bymovinghishand.D.Byusinghismind.答案　D16\n解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Inthelaboratory，Tavellaoperatedthewheelchairjustbythinkingaboutmovinghisleftorrighthand.”可知，特维拉通过想着移动左手或右手，就可以操作轮椅了。说明他通过思维来控制轮椅。8.WhichofthefollowingshowsthepathofthesignalsdescribedinParagraph5?A.scalp→computer→cap→wheelchairB.computer→cap→scalp→wheelchairC.scalp→cap→computer→wheelchairD.cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据第五段第前三句“Theresearchersdesignedaspecialcapfortheuser.Thisheadcoverpicksupthesignalsfromthescalp(头皮)andsendsthemtoacomputer.Thecomputerinterpretsthesignalsandcommandsthemotorizedwheelchair.”可知，首先头皮接收人的思想信号，接着特殊的帽子从头皮上获取信息，再传到计算机上，最终计算机操作轮椅移动。9.Theteamwilltestwithrealpatientsto.A.makeprofitsfromthemB.provethetechnologyusefultothemC.makethemlivelongerD.learnabouttheirphysicalcondition答案　B解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“Oneistestingwithrealpatients，soastoprovethatthisisatechnologytheycanbenefitfrom.”可知，他们把这个技术运用于真正的病人身上是为了证明这个技术对病人有用。10.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Switzerland，theBCIResearchCenterB.NewFindingsAboutHowtheHumanBrainWorksC.BCICouldMeanMoreFreedomfortheDisabledD.RoboticVehiclesCouldHelptoCureBrainInjuries答案　C解析　标题归纳题。文章第一段第二句“Brain-computerinterface(界面)(BCI)technologycouldhelppeoplewithdisabilitiessendcommandstomachines.”指出BCI是一种可以连接人脑和电脑的技术，未来它能够帮助残疾人自由活动。文章的其他部分则叙述了与之相关的研究信息。故C项为最佳标题。16\n题型组合练(十四)Ⅰ.单项填空1.Soinvolvedinhisteachingthathecanhardlyaccompanyhisfamilyatweekends.A.hasMrWangbecomeB.hasbecomeMrWangC.MrWanghasbecomeD.becomeMrWang答案　A解析　以so开头的句子用部分倒装。此句可还原为：MrWanghasbecomesoinvolvedinhisteachingthathecanhardlyaccompanyhisfamilyatweekends.。2.Idon’tthinkit’srighttocancelalllargecelebrationsoreventsjustbecauseofoneaccident.“Oncebitten，twiceshy”isnota(n)response.Whatweneedtodoistolearnthelessonsfromit.A.spiritualB.considerateC.efficientD.appropriate答案　D解析　句意为：我认为仅仅因为一次事故就取消所有大型庆祝活动是不对的。“一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳”是不恰当的反应，我们要做的是从中吸取教训。appropriate适当的；spiritual精神的，心灵的；considerate体贴的，体谅的，考虑周到的；efficient效率高的，有能力的。故选D。3.OurmonitorissoquickattakingnotesinclassthatalmosteverykeypointourEnglishteachersaysinhisnotebook.A.writesdownB.putsdownC.goesdownD.keepsdown答案　C解析　句意为：我们的班长课上记笔记很快，英语老师讲的每个要点几乎都记到笔记本上了。godown是不及物动词短语。writedown和putdown都可以表示“记下”，但是要用被动语态。keepdown压制，镇压。故选C。4.MymotherisalwayswarningmewhenIgoout，“Don’tgetoffthebusitisstopping.”(2022·河东区一模)A.untilB.whileC.beforeD.after16\n答案　B解析　此处while意为“当……的时候，在……过程中”，相当于Don’tgetoffthebusuntil/beforeitstops.5.Studentloanissupposedtoprovidefinancialsupportforpeoplewhowouldnotbeabletogotocollege.A.neverthelessB.meanwhileC.thereforeD.otherwise答案　D解析　nevertheless然而；meanwhile与此同时；therefore因此；otherwise否则，要不然。句意为：学生的助学贷款应该提供给那些无法上大学的人。定语从句whowouldotherwisenotbeabletogotocollege是含蓄虚拟条件句。故选D。6.Whetheryouareteachersordoctors，yourisworthgreatrespectofthewholesocietybecauseitbringsbenefitstothedevelopmentofsociety.A.guidanceB.principleC.recognitionD.commitment答案　D解析　guidance指导；principle原则；recognition识别，辨别，认可；commitment奉献。句意为：无论你是教师还是医生，你们的奉献值得整个社会的尊敬，因为它给社会的发展带来了益处。故D正确。7.Inayard，whereabirthdayparty，somememberswerehappilysettingthetable，makingpreparationsforit.A.hadbeenheldB.wastobeheldC.shouldbeheldD.wasbeingheld答案　B解析　句意为：在一个院子里，生日派对即将在这里举行，一些成员正高兴地摆放桌子，为此做着准备。由主句中的were可知，此处用过去时；又由party与hold之间存在被动关系；betodosth.表示按计划或安排即将做某事。故选B。8.Itwilltaketechnologytogiveeveryoneafairstartinlife，butpersonalizedlearningcanbeoneextendedwaytogiveallchildrenabettereducationandmoreequalopportunity.A.ratherthanB.otherthanC.littlemorethanD.morethan答案　D解析　ratherthan而不是；otherthan除了……还有；littlemorethan只有；more16\nthan不仅，超过。句意为：要让每个人在生活中有一个公平的开端，需要的不仅仅是科技，而个性化学习是一种可扩展的方式，可以给所有孩子更优质的教育和更平等的机会。9.—Themountainvillageissobeautiful.—Yes.Moreover，thevillagerslive，thereisfreshair.A.thatB.whereC.whenD.whether答案　B解析　此处where引导的是地点状语从句，修饰后面的主句。故选B。10.—It’salongtimeIsawyoulast.—Yes，andwhatapity！Itwillbealongtimeweseeeachotheragain.A.since；beforeB.when；whenC.since；whenD.before；since答案　A解析　句意为：——自从我上次见到你有很长时间了。——真是遗憾！要过很长时间我们才能再次见面。Itwillbe...before...得过多久才……。Ⅱ.阅读理解A(2022·3月天津)Whenyouchooseahighereducationcourse，herearesometipsforyoutofollow.ChoosingyourcourseTherearearangeofsubjectsandcoursesavailable.Manyarework-related；othersareacademic.You’llneedtolookbeyondthecoursetitlebecausecourseswithalmostthesamenamemaydifferenormously.Forexample，ifyou’reinterestedinconstructionbutwishtouseyourcreativeskills，youmaybebettersuitedtoabuildingdesignmanagementcoursethanabuildingprojectmanagementcourse.StyleoflearningThinkaboutthestyleoflearningthatbestsuitsyou.It’simportanttostudyasubjectthatyouparticularlyenjoy，butifyouwanttofollowacareerinadifferentarea，youmayconsidertakingthesubjectsyouwanttolearnandjoiningthemintoonedegree.Manydegreecoursesaremadeupofdifferentsubjectmoduleswhichdealwithparticularareasofinterest.ChoosingwheretostudyWhereyoustudycanbealmostasimportantaswhatyoustudy.Onethingtoconsider16\niswhetheryouwanttoliveathomeormoveaway.Forsomepeople，livingathomeoffersthebestofbothworlds，butitmaymakesensetomoveifyouwanttostudyaparticularcourseataspecificuniversityorcollege.Manystudentsvaluetheexperienceoflivingoncampusorinadifferentpartofthecountryasanimportantpartofuniversitylife.FindingoutmoreaboutcoursesOnceyou’vegotalistofcoursesthatappealtoyou，it’sworthlookingatsomeothersourcesofinformationaboutthem，likeindependentreports.Theseprovideinformationonthenumbersofstudentswhofinishedthecourse，studentsatisfactionandmore.OpendaysOpendaysusuallytakeplaceinspringorautumn.Althoughyoumayhaveanideaaboutwhatacourseislike，there’snosubstitute(替代)forattendingaclassyourself.Ifyoucan’tcomeontheopendays，youcansignupforaguidedtourinstead.11.Youneedtolookbeyondthecoursetitlebecausecourseswithsimilarnamesmaybe.A.creativity-focusedB.work-relatedC.fardifferentD.quitesimilar答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“You’llneedtolookbeyondthecoursetitlebecausecourseswithalmostthesamenamemaydifferenormously.”可知，题干中be后面的单词应该表示“不同的”，只有C项符合。creativity-focused关注创造力的；work-related和工作相关的；quitesimilar非常类似的。12.Whatareyouadvisedtodoifyourinterestdisagreeswithyourfuturecareer?A.Addpreferredsubjectstoyourdegreecourses.B.Choosethesubjectsbasedonyourinterest.C.Earndifferentdegrees.D.Giveupyourinterest.答案　A解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的“...butifyouwanttofollowacareerinadifferentarea，youmayconsidertakingthesubjectsyouwanttolearnandjoiningthemintoonedegree.”可知，你可以把你更想上的科目加入到学位课程中。A项符合。13.WhatdowelearnaboutfromPara.4?16\nA.Disadvantagesofstudyingoncampus.B.Reasonsforchoosingwheretostudy.C.Importanceofattendinganearbycollege.D.Problemsofgoingtoafarawayuniversity.答案　B解析　段落大意题。本文第四段讲的是选择学习的地方，涉及到两个选择：住在家里还是搬到别的地方。接着讲到了住在家里的好处和坏处，最后一句讲到了住在大学或不同的地方的好处。所以B项符合题意。14.Whyisitrecommendedtocheckindependentreports?A.Toincreaseapplicants’interest.B.Tobetterunderstandacourse.C.Tofigureouthowtocompleteacourse.D.Tofindouthowdifferentthecoursesare.答案　B解析　推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“Theseprovideinformationonthenumbersofstudentswhofinishedthecourse，studentsatisfactionandmore.”可知，报告提供了关于完成课程的学生人数、学生满意度等相关信息，由此我们可以更加了解这门课程，所以选B。15.Ontheopendays，would-becollegestudentscan.A.signupforaparticularcourseB.takeaguidedtouronthecampusC.seewhetherthereisasubstitutecourseD.haveafirst-handexperienceofacourse答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“Althoughyoumayhaveanideaaboutwhatacourseislike，there’snosubstitute(替代)forattendingaclassyourself.”可知，学生可以在开放日自己来上课，亲身体验课程。B(2022·3月天津)Ifyouwerebringingfriendshometovisit，youcouldshowthemtheway.Youknowthelandmarks—abigredhouseorabus-stopsign.ButwhatifyouwereswimminginthemiddleoftheAtlanticOcean?Couldyoustillfindyourwayhome?Aloggerheadturtle(海龟)could.AccordingtoDrKenLohmann，loggerheadshaveamagnetic(磁力的)sensebasedon16\nEarth’smagneticfield.Ithelpsthemlocatethebestspotsforfindingfoodandtheirhomebeaches.Scientistsalreadyknowthatseveralotheranimals，suchaswhalesandhoneybees，candetect(探测到)magneticfields.Thedifferencebetweenthemandloggerheads，however，isthewaytheylearntousetheirmagneticsense.Youngwhalesandhoneybeescanlearnfromadults.Loggerheadsareabandonedaseggs.Asnewbornloggerheadshavenoadultstolearnfrom，whathelpsthemfigureouthowtousetheirmagneticsense?Lohmannthinksoneofthecueswaslightonthesea.Babyloggerheadshatchonlyatnight.However，asmallamountoflightreflectsofftheocean.Thelightmakesthatregionbrighter.Headingtowardthelighthelpsthemgetquicklyouttosea，wheretheycanfindfood.Lohmanntestedwhethernewbornloggerheadsusethislightsourcetosettheirmagnetic“compasses”(罗盘).Heandhisteamputsomenewbornsinawatertankandrecordedwhichwaytheyswam.Aroundthetank，thescientistscreatedamagneticfieldthatmatchedtheEarth’s.Theysetaweaklighttotheeastofthemagneticfield.Thentheyletthenewbornsgo.Atfirst，thenewbornsswamtowardthelight.Afterthescientiststurnedoffthelight，theturtlesthathadseenthelightintheeastalwaysswamtowardeast.Whentheresearchersreversed(颠倒)themagneticfield，theseturtlesturnedaroundandswamtowardthenew“east”.Thisandthefollow-upexperimentsallshowedthatloggerheadsuselightfromtheoutsideworldtosettheirmagnetic“compasses”andthenrememberthe“correct”direction.Ifaturtlehatchesonabrightly-litbeach，thatwoulddamageitsmagneticsenseforeverandmakesurvivalhardfortheturtle.Lohmann’sworkhasledotherstoprotectthehabitatofthisendangeredspecies.Yetmanyquestionsaboutthesecreaturesremainunanswered，andresearchershavealottostudy.16.Loggerheadsandwhalesdifferinthewaythey.A.bringuptheiryoungB.recognizelandmarksC.detectmagneticfieldsD.learntofinddirections答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Thedifferencebetweenthemandloggerheads，however，isthewaytheylearntousetheirmagnetic16\nsense.”可知，它们之间的差异表现在学习辨识方向上。17.Whatisneededfornewbornloggerheadstosettheirmagneticsense?A.Weaklightreflectedofftheocean.B.Helpfromadultloggerheads.C.Brightsunlightfromthesky.D.Foodinwarmerwaters.答案　A解析　细节理解题。根据第五段前四句“Babyloggerheadshatchonlyatnight.However，asmallamountoflightreflectsofftheocean.Thelightmakesthatregionbrighter.Headingtowardthelighthelpsthemgetquicklyouttosea，wheretheycanfindfood.”以及，后文科学家将实验中的幼龟置于有光源的水箱中，光源在磁场东部，幼龟朝着光源游动，关掉光源后，幼龟始终向东游动。说明幼龟磁场感的建立需要借助光源。18.Intheexperiment，afterthenewborns’magneticsensewasset，theirmovingdirectionwasdeterminedby.A.thelightB.themagneticfieldC.otherunknownfactorsD.thelightandthemagneticfield答案　B解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第三、四段中的磁场颠倒实验可推知，在幼龟的磁场感建立后，它们的移动方向由磁场决定。19.WhatisthesignificanceofLohmann’sresearchwork?A.Itenablesresearcherstokeeptrackofturtles.B.Itcontributestothestudiesofthemagneticfield.C.Itoffersanewsolutiontoenvironmentalpollution.D.Ithelpsprotecttheloggerheads’livingenvironment.答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Lohmann’sworkhasledotherstoprotectthehabitatofthisendangeredspecies.”可知，Lohmann的工作已经促使其他人保护濒临物种的栖息地。所以D项正确。20.Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.ExperimentsonLoggerheadsB.TheSurvivaloftheSeaTurtleC.TheLoggerhead’sBuilt-in“Compass”16\nD.ComparisonofLoggerheadsandOtherAnimals答案　C解析　标题归纳题。纵观全文，继首段引出主题后，文章都在围绕海龟的磁场感是如何建立的进行说明，主题词为磁场感。所以C项最适合作为题目。16