天津专用2022高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破八词句猜测_词义猜测题优选习题

八、词句猜测——词义猜测题(2022·6月天津，C)Thismonth，Germany’stransportminister，AlexanderDobrindt，proposedthefirstsetofrulesforautonomousvehicles(自主驾驶车辆).Theywoulddefinethedriver’sroleinsuchcarsandgovernhowsuchcarsperformincrasheswherelivesmightbelost.Theproposalattemptstodealwithwhatsomecallthe“deathvalley”ofautonomousvehicles：thegreyareabetweensemi-autonomousandfullydriverlesscarsthatcoulddelaythedriverlessfuture.Dobrindtwantsthreethings：thatacaralwayschoosesproperty(财产)damageoverpersonalinjury；thatitneverdistinguishesbetweenhumansbasedonageorrace；andthatifahumanremoveshisorherhandsfromthedrivingwheel—tocheckemail，say—thecar’smakerisresponsibleifthereisacrash.“Thechangetotheroadtrafficlawwillpermitfullyautomaticdriving，”saysDobrindt.Itwillputfullydriverlesscarsonanequallegalfootingtohumandrivers，hesays.Whoisresponsiblefortheoperationofsuchvehiclesisnotclearamongcarmakers，consumersandlawyers.“Theliability(法律责任)issueisthebiggestoneofthemall，”saysNatashaMeratattheUniversityofLeeds，UK.AnassumptionbehindUKinsurancefordriverlesscars，introducedearlierthisyear，insiststhatahuman“bewatchfulandmonitoringtheroad”atevery17\nmoment.Butthatisnotwhatmanypeoplehaveinmindwhenthinkingofdriverlesscars.“Whenyousay‘driverlesscars’，peopleexpectdriverlesscars，”Meratsays.“Youknow—nodriver.”Becauseoftheconfusion，Meratthinkssomecarmakerswillwaituntilvehiclescanbefullyautomatedwithouthumanoperation.Driverlesscarsmayendupbeingaformofpublictransportratherthanvehiclesyouown，saysRyanCaloatStanfordUniversity，California.ThatishappeningintheUKandSingapore，wheregovernment-provideddriverlessvehiclesarebeinglaunched.ThatwouldgodownpoorlyintheUS，however.“Theideathatthegovernmentwouldtakeoverdriverlesscarsandtreatthemasapublicgoodwouldgetabsolutelynowherehere，”saysCalo.语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。它主要介绍了德国交通部部长提出的适用于自主驾驶车辆的规章，能消除人们对于无人驾驶车辆的司机角色定位的困惑，有利于自主驾驶汽车的推广。46.Whatdoesthephrase“deathvalley”inParagraph2referto?A.Aplacewherecarsoftenbreakdown.B.Acasewherepassingalawisimpossible.C.Anareawherenodrivingispermitted.D.Asituationwheredrivers’roleisnotclear.答案　D解析　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“...thegreyareabetweensemi-autonomousandfullydriverlesscarsthatcoulddelaythedriverlessfuture.”可知，deathvalley指的就是半自主驾驶和完全无人驾驶汽车之间的灰色地带，即：对司机角色的定义不清楚。故选D项。47.TheproposalputforwardbyDobrindtaimsto.A.stoppeoplefrombreakingtrafficrulesB.helppromotefullyautomaticdrivingC.protectdriversofallagesandracesD.preventseriouspropertydamage答案　B解析　推理判断题。第一段说Dobrindt提出第一套自主驾驶车辆的规章，将会定义自主驾驶车辆司机的角色，这个提议就是处理“death17\nvalley”这个问题的；第四段说交规的改变会准许全自动驾驶，而且会将完全无人驾驶汽车和有人驾驶汽车放到一个平等的法律地位上，由此推断，Dobrindt提出此建议的目的就是推广全自动驾驶。故选B项。48.Whatdoconsumersthinkoftheoperationofdriverlesscars?A.Itshouldgettheattentionofinsurancecompanies.B.Itshouldbethemainconcernoflawmakers.C.Itshouldnotcausedeadlytrafficaccidents.D.Itshouldinvolvenohumanresponsibility.答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据第七段中的“Whenyousay‘driverlesscars’，peopleexpectdriverlesscars，”Meratsays.“Youknow—nodriver.”可知，人们认为的无人驾驶汽车，就是没有司机的汽车，当然也不该包括人的责任问题，故选D项。49.Driverlessvehiclesinpublictransportseenobrightfuturein.A.SingaporeB.theUKC.theUSD.Germany答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“ThatwouldgodownpoorlyintheUS，however.”可知，无人驾驶汽车作为公共交通方式在美国反响却很差，即：在美国，无人驾驶汽车在公共交通领域看不到光明的前景，因此选C项。50.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AutonomousDriving：WhoseLiability?B.FullyAutomaticCars：ANewBreakthroughC.AutonomousVehicles：DriverRemoved!D.DriverlessCars：RootofRoadAccidents答案　A解析　标题归纳题。全文围绕自主驾驶车辆的司机的角色认定以及谁该负法律责任的问题展开了讨论，故选A项。一、题型解读词义猜测题基本上是阅读每年必考的题型。词义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力，主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力，而这些词和词组往往都超出考纲范围，但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。由此看来，对于生词的理解是否准确，直接影响着阅读理解题得分的高低，对能否取得好的高考成绩有着举足轻重的作用。词义猜测题的命题方式有：17\n(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“...”probablymean?(2)Theword“...”refersto/probablymeans.(3)Theunderlinedword“...”couldbestbereplacedby.(4)Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“...”standsfor?(5)Bysaying“...”wemean.“...”usedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas.(6)Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“...”？二、解题技巧——巧用线索猜词义1.根据定义、释义或同位语进行猜测有些文章，特别是科技说明文，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语下定义，通过阅读定义和解释部分，考生便可理解该词或短语的意思。有时，需要猜测的单词或短语后面会紧跟一个同位语，作为对前面的词或短语的解释说明。有时，文章会用冒号、破折号、括号等对某个词或短语加以解释说明。例如：Taylor’sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse，whobroughtadefibrillator，anelectronicdevice(器械)thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.Luckstayedwiththem：Paris’sheartbeatreturned.分析：所猜测单词defibrillator后面出现了同位语“anelectronicdevice(器械)thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork”(一个可以电击心脏使其重新工作的电子器械)来进行解释说明，我们可推知其词义应为“(心脏)除颤器”。2.根据构词法进行猜测英语中通过词根加词缀或两个单词合成的方式可以构成新词。因此，掌握了一定的构词知识，再结合上下文语境，也可以快速猜测词义。例如：Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness，uneasiness，orworry.分析：根据构词法知识我们可知，un-为否定前缀，-ness为名词后缀，easy(舒适)为词根。因此，我们可知uneasiness为“不安；担忧”之意。3.根据因果关系进行猜测在阅读理解文章的句子或段落中，若两个事物或两种现象之间构成因果关系，这时我们可以根据这种因果逻辑关系推断词或短语的含义。表示因果关系的标志词有because，so，thus，therefore，asaresultof，since，sothat，so/such...that...等。例如：Mysoncouldnotfollowtheteacher’sdirections，hetoldme，andthus，Scolawasdisruptingtheclass.Didn’theknowmysondidnotspeakEnglishyet?试题：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disrupting”probablymean?17\nA.Breaking.B.Following.C.Attending.D.Disturbing.分析：画线单词所在的句子出现了因果关系标志词thus，由前面的原因“我儿子听不懂老师的指示”可以推知，“他因此认为我儿子Scola干扰了课堂”，故选D项。其余三项都不符合这一因果逻辑关系。4.根据同义或近义关系进行猜测在画线单词或短语前后有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，它往往暗示了该词或该短语的含义，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词或短语的含义。常见的表示相同或相近意义的词和短语有and，or，like，aswell，similarly，too，also，either等。例如：Thefineselectionofthemajorworkswasdoneinclosecollaboration(合作)withtheMuseoNacionalReinaSofiainMadrid，Spain，andwithcontributionsfromotherinstitutionsliketheSalvadorDaliMuseuminSt.Petersburg，Florida.试题：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“contributions”referto?A.Artworks.B.Projects.C.Donations.D.Documents.分析：画线单词contributions前出现了and，可利用同义或近义关系进行猜测。and前面提到了“Thefineselectionofthemajorworks”(精选的重要作品)，后面说contributions来自其他机构，由并列关系可以推断出contributions应该属于works的范畴，同时文中明确表示contributions是来自museum的，故选A项。5.根据反义、转折和对比关系进行猜测有些需要猜测词义的词或短语前后会出现表示转折或对比的词语，运用这些词语也可以帮助猜测词义。能体现转折、对比关系的词汇很多，常见的有but，yet，however，while，unlike，instead(of)，ontheotherhand，ratherthan，onthecontrary等。例如：Intheevening，ridesareusuallyatamorerelaxedandunhurriedpace，withgoldenlightstreamingacrossthegrassydeltaandtheanimalscomingouttoeatanddrink.Sedatethoughtheyare，ridesatthistimeofdayarestillveryimpressive.试题：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sedate”probablymean?A.Wildandromantic.B.Slowandpeaceful.C.Hungryandthirsty.D.Activeandexcited.分析：画线词语所在句子的句意为“虽然它们，但是在一天的这个时候骑马观赏仍然令人印象非常深刻。”由though可知前后两句是转折关系，再结合前一句中提到的“ata17\nmorerelaxedandunhurriedpace”可知，应选B项，sedate意为“不慌不忙的”。6.根据上下文进行猜测有些词义猜测题找不到以上标志线索，这时可以利用上下文提供的情景和线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义，这也是近几年来高考考查的热点。例如：Therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitspecificlocalconditions.OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette，butyou’llneedawarm，shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit，soit’sapipedreamformostappleloverswhofallforit.试题：Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“apipedream”probablymean?A.Apracticalidea.B.Avainhope.C.Abrilliantplan.D.Aselfishdesire.分析：根据连接词so可知上下文之间存在着因果关系，故我们需要从上文中寻找答案。由上文中的“OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette，butyou’llneedawarm，shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit...”可知，尽管OrleansReinette是很好的品种，但是对各项条件的要求很高，因此大多数喜欢它的人种植它的希望会落空。故选B项。A(2022·天津部分区县二模)Igrewupona50-acrefarminthesmallruralcommunityofCatawissa，Missouri，asthesixthofsevenchildren.Myparentsoftennotedduringmealshoweverythingonthetableexceptthesugarandflourcamefromtheland.Besidesrunningthefarm，Dadwasalsoacarpenter.Inthefallof1970，hewasworkingonahousewhentheladderbroke.Hisbackwasfracturedintwoplaces.Hestayedinthehospitalforthreeweekswithhisheadandfeetdown，permittinghisbacktobestraightcorrectlysotheboneswouldcombine.OnThanksgiving，Dadwasstillinthehospital.Wealwaysbutcheredhogsthedayaftertheholiday，andthatyearmyuncleshowedupwithacoupleofcousinstohelpmythreeelderbrothersprepareouryear’ssupplyofpork.AfterDadreturnedhome，hewasinabackbraceandunabletowork.IwastooyoungtorealizeourfamilyhadnomoneycominginasChristmasapproached.Onenightweheardacarcomingupthelongdriveway.Wekidswerecuriousabout17\nwhowasvisiting.PeggyPhelanwasatthedoor，holdinganenvelopefilledwithmoney.Shetoldmydadshehadcollectedmoneyinthecommunityandwastheretodeliverit.HetriedtoprotestbutPeggywouldhavenoneofit.Icanstillhearhersaying，“Archie，wheneversomeone’sbaler(打包机)isbroken，youbaletheirhay.Someonepassesaway，Althaiscooking.It’sourturn.”Thatevening，this6-year-oldunderstoodwhatbeingagoodneighborwas，andthatbecauseherparentsweregoodneighbors，theirkindnesswouldbereturned.Ilearnedlaterthatmymom’ssistersall“adopted”oneofuskidstohelpwithChristmas，andwereceivedgiftbasketsfrommorethanoneorganization.Myparentswereusedtobeingthegiversandnotthereceiversofsuchgenerosity.Theyhadabitofpridetoswallow，butcontinuedalloftheirlivestoshowuskidsthevalueofkindness.1.Weknowthewriter’sfatherwasvery.A.hard-workingB.unkindC.strictD.mean答案　A解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句“Besidesrunningthefarm，Dadwasalsoacarpenter.”可知，作者的父亲是很勤劳的。2.Theunderlinedword“fractured”inParagraph2probablymeans“”.A.connectedB.brokenC.arrangedD.transformed答案　B解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的后一句“Hestayedinthehospitalforthreeweekswithhisheadandfeetdown，permittinghisbacktobestraightcorrectlysotheboneswouldcombine.”可知，作者的父亲背部骨折，“fractured”是“折断”的意思。3.Whydidthewriter’sunclegotohishouse?A.Tovisithissickfather.B.Togivethemmoney.C.Tospendholidaytogether.D.TohelpprepareforChristmas.答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“...thatyearmyuncleshowedupwithacoupleofcousinstohelpmythreeelderbrothersprepareouryear’ssupplyofpork.AfterDadreturnedhome，hewasinabackbraceandunabletowork.Iwastooyoungtorealize17\nourfamilyhadnomoneycominginasChristmasapproached.”可知，作者的叔叔到他家帮忙准备圣诞节。4.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?A.Theauthor’sfatherlikedtobalethehay.B.PeggyPhelanwasadeliveryman.C.Theauthor’sparentswerehelpfultoothers.D.WewerecuriousaboutPeggyPhelan.答案　C解析　推理判断题。根据第四段的句子“Archie，wheneversomeone’sbaler(打包机)isbroken，youbaletheirhay.Someonepassesaway，Althaiscooking.It’sourturn.”可知，作者的父母是乐于助人的。5.Whichofthefollowingcanmatchthepassage?A.Nopains，nogains.B.Greatmindsthinkalike.C.Misfortunemaybeanactualblessing.D.Goodwillberewardedwithgood.答案　D解析　主旨大意题。根据文章内容：父母乐于帮助邻里，而当父亲受伤不能劳作时，也得到了来自大家的帮助，再结合第五段可知，文章体现的是“好心有好报”。Nopains，nogains一分耕耘一分收获；Greatmindsthinkalike英雄所见略同；Misfortunemaybeanactualblessing塞翁失马，焉知非福；Goodwillberewardedwithgood好心有好报。故选D项。B(2022·河北区二模)Asthepaceoflifecontinuestoincrease，wearefastlosingtheartofrelaxation.Onceyouareinthehabitofrushingthroughlife，beingonthegofrommorningtillnight，itishardtoslowdown.Butrelaxationisessentialforahealthymindandbody.Stressisanaturalpartofeverydaylifeandthereisnowaytoavoidit.Infact，itisnotthebadthingasitisoftensupposedtobe.Acertainamountofstressisvitaltoprovidemotivationandgivepurposestolife.Itisonlywhenthestressgetsoutofcontrolthatitcanleadtopoorperformanceandillhealth.Theamountofstressapersoncanwithstanddependsverymuchontheindividual.Somepeoplearenotafraidofstress，andsuchcharactersareobviouslyprimematerialformanagerialresponsibilities，othersloseheartatthefirstsign17\nofunusualdifficulties.Whenexposedtostress，inwhateverform，wereactbothchemicallyandphysically.Infact，wemakethechoicebetween“fightorflight”andinmoreprimitivedaysthechoicesmadethedifferencebetweenlifeordeath.Thecriseswemeettodayareunlikelytobesoextreme，buthoweverlittlethestressis，itinvolvesthesameresponse.Itiswhensuchareactionlastslong，throughcontinuedexposuretostress，thathealthbecomesendangered.Sincewecan’tremovestressfromourlives(itwouldbeunwisetodosoevenifwecould)，weneedtofindwaystodealwithit.6.Peoplearefindinglessandlesstimeforrelaxingthemselvesbecause.A.theyregardworkingastheirgreatestenjoymentB.theybelievethatworkissuperiortorelaxationC.theyaretravelingfastallthetimeD.theyarebecomingbusierwiththeirworkthaneverbefore答案　D解析　推理判断题。由第一段第二句“Onceyouareinthehabitofrushingthroughlife，beingonthegofrommorningtillnight，itishardtoslowdown.”(一旦你养成了匆匆忙忙的习惯，从早到晚都在忙碌，就很难放慢脚步。)可推知，人们无法放松自己主要是因为比以前任何时候都要忙碌。7.Accordingtotheauthor，themostimportantcharacterforagoodmanagerishis.A.strongwilltoholdoutstressB.knowingtheartofrelaxationC.highsenseofresponsibilityD.havingcontroloverperformance答案　A解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Somepeoplearenotafraidofstress，andsuchcharactersareobviouslyprimematerialformanagerialresponsibilities，othersloseheartatthefirstsignofunusualdifficulties.”(有些人不怕压力，这样的人显然在管理责任方面起着主要作用，其他人在出现异常困难的第一个迹象时就丧失了信心。)可知，当好管理者的优良品质是要具有坚强的抵制压力的意志。8.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Wecanfindquiteafewwaystoavoidstress.B.Stressisalwaysharmfultopeople’shealth.C.It’seasytochangethehabitofkeepingoneselfbusywithwork.17\nD.Differentpeoplecanbeardifferentamountofstress.答案　D解析　推理判断题。由第三段第一句“Theamountofstressapersoncanwithstanddependsverymuchontheindividual.”可知，一个人能承受的压力很大程度上取决于个人。即不同的人所能承受的压力是不同的，故选D。9.Inthelastsentenceofthepassage，“doso”refersto.A.exposeourselvestostressB.findwaystodealwithstressC.removestressfromourlivesD.establishlinksbetweendiseasesandstress答案　C解析　词义猜测题。由“Sincewecannotremovestressfromourlives”(我们无法消除生活中的压力)可知，括号里的内容是对前文的解释，故doso指的是“消除生活中的压力”，故选C。10.Accordingtotheauthor，therightattitudetowardstressis.A.toavoiditB.totrytocopewithitC.toregarditasavitalmotivationD.tofindsomerelaxation答案　B解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句“Sincewecan’tremovestressfromourlives(itwouldbeunwisetodosoevenifwecould)，weneedtofindwaystodealwithit.”可知，我们需要找到应对压力的方法。故选B。题型组合练(十一)Ⅰ.单项填空1.Insomeplaceswomenareexpectedtoearnmoneymenworkathomeandraisetheirchildren.A.butB.whileC.becauseD.though答案　B解析　while在此意为“而，却”，用来表示前后对照，比较。2.AscanbeseenfromtheBible，helpingothersintroubleisagoodquality，you17\nwillbeabletobenefitavarietyofvaluablerichesfrom.A.itB.thatC.whatD.one答案　D解析　句意为：从《圣经》上可以得知，帮助那些处在困难中的人是一种良好的品质，你可以从中获得各种有价值的财富。空格处与前句中的agoodquality构成同位关系，one后面省略了which/that，所以选择D项。3.Ournewhousewarminwinterandcoolinsummer.A.feelsB.isfeltC.findsD.isfound答案　A解析　feel作系动词后接形容词时，如果主语是人，则feel用其主动意义，表示主语的感觉；如果主语是物，则feel用主动形式表示被动意义，指主语(物)被接触后给接触者(人)的感觉。4.He’ssometimeshot-tempered，buthe’sagoodfellow.A.atheartB.inheartC.withheartD.byheart答案　A解析　句意为：他有时脾气暴躁，但他本质上是个好人。atheart在内心，本质上；inheart情绪高昂；withheart真心地；byheart用心记住。5.Mostinsuranceagentswouldratheryouanythinguntiltheyinvestigatethesituation.A.doB.didn’tdoC.don’tdoD.hadn’tdone答案　B解析　wouldrather后面所跟的从句用虚拟语气，而根据句子时态，此处应选择用过去时表示对现在或将来的虚拟语气，故答案是B。6.It’sthefirsttimethatshehasbeentotheUnitedStates，？A.isn’tsheB.isn’titC.hasn’tsheD.hasn’tit答案　B解析　本句的主句是“It’sthefirsttime”，后面的that从句是主语从句，该句是一个反意疑问句，反问部分的具体表达方式应该根据句子的主句判断而不是主语从句。7.greatwasthedestructionthattheeconomytookseveralyearstorecover.17\nA.TooB.SoC.SuchD.Very答案　B解析　本句是so...that...结构的倒装结构，该句的正常语序应该是“Thedestructionwassogreatthattheeconomytookseveralyearstorecover.”。8.—Doyouknowanythingnewabouttheincident?—Aworkingpartytolookintotheproblem.A.wassetupB.hasbeensetupC.hasbeensettingupD.issettingup答案　B解析　首先确定主语是aworkingparty，与setup是动宾关系，因此应为被动语态；另外根据句意，表示说话时已经完成的动作，故用现在完成时的被动语态。9.Thismanalongwithhisdaughtersalwaysthelargestfish.A.catchB.catchesC.arecatchingD.werecatching答案　B解析　句子的真正主语是thisman，而alongwith...只是跟在后面的介词短语，所以谓语应用第三人称单数形式。10.BythetimeyougettoGreenwichyouthemosthistoricpartsofLondon.A.willbeseeingB.willseeC.aregoingtoseeD.willhaveseen答案　D解析　根据“bythetime＋从句”结构可知，主句常与完成时连用。此处从句用一般现在时，故主句用将来完成时。Ⅱ.阅读理解AAssistantProfessor，MusicalTheatreDanceWichitaStateUniversityseekstohireafull-time，9-monthassistantprofessor，beginninginAugust,2022.Applicantsarerequiredtohaveadegreeindance，teachingexperienceattheprofessionalorcollegelevel，abilitytodirectandabilitytoteachstagemovement.Salarydependsonqualificationsandexperience.Forcompleteinformation，seehttp：//finearts.Wichita.edu.Associate/FullProfessorinTheatreandDanceTheDepartmentofTheatre&DanceattheUniversityofCaliforniaatSanDiego17\n(http：www-theatre.ucsd.edu/)isseekinganexperiencedtheatreartistinlightingdesign.Significantprofessionalexperienceisrequired.AreviewofapplicationswillstartfromJune1,2022.Applicationdeadline：September1,2022.TechnicalDirectorinPerformingandFineArtsDeSalesUniversity’sPerformingandFineArtsDepartmentseeksahighlyskilled，professionaltechnicaldirector.Thepositionisa10-month，staffpositionwiththepossibilityforsummeremploymentwiththePennsylvaniaShakespeareFestival.ABAdegreeorequivalentprofessionalexperienceisrequired；anMFA(美术硕士)ispreferred.Pleaseemailmaterialstojohn.bell@desales.edu.Screeningofapplicationsbeginsimmediatelyandwillcontinueuntilthepositionisfilled.AssistantDirectorofMediaResourcesCenterMarylandInstituteCollegeofArtisseekinganAssistantDirectorofMediaResourcesCenterintheAcademicAffairsDivision.PositionqualificationsincludeadegreeinArtHistoryorarelatedfieldwithknowledgeofartanddesignhistory，libraryexperience，excellentinterpersonalandcommunicationskillsandfamiliaritywithphotoshopandscanning.Areviewofapplicationswillbeginimmediately.Applicantsmayemailaletterofinteresttojobs@mica.edu.Salarydiffersdependingonyourexperience.Pleaseincludedesiredsalaryinyourletterofinterest.11.WichitaStateUniversityoffers.A.apart-timeassistantprofessorjobB.ajobpeoplecandoformanyyearsC.aflexiblesalarytothefutureassistantprofessorD.ajobthatrequirespeopletoactonthestage答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据第一部分首句可知，WichitaStateUniversity想找一个全职的助理教授(assistantprofessor)，且薪水根据资格和经验来定。12.ThejobthatDeSalesUniversityoffers.A.hasanapplicationdeadlineB.isaboutlightingdesignC.requiresapplicantsknowmuchaboutShakespeareD.canbegottenmoreeasilybypeoplewithanMFAdegree17\n答案　D解析　细节理解题。由题干中的DeSalesUniversity可定位至第三部分，由该部分信息可知，DeSalesUniversity提供的这个工作职位，如果应聘者有美术硕士的学历，那么会更容易得到这份工作。13.Ifyouaregoodatcommunicatingwithothers，youcanapplyto.A.DeSalesUniversityB.WichitaStateUniversityC.theUniversityofCaliforniaD.MarylandInstituteCollegeofArt答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据最后一部分第二段可知，如果你人际关系好，交际能力强，熟悉PS图象处理软件和扫描，可以应征AssistantDirectorofMediaResourcesCenter这一职位，而该职位是由MarylandInstituteCollegeofArt提供的。14.Whatdothepositionshaveincommon?A.Theyallpromiseagoodsalary.B.Theyallrequiresomeexperience.C.Applicantsshouldbepresentatthejobinterview.D.Applicationshadbetterincludedesiredsalary.答案　B解析　细节理解题。根据文章内容，AssistantProfessor，MusicalTheatreDance中的“Applicantsarerequiredtohave...teachingexperience...”，Associate/FullProfessorinTheatreandDance中的“Significantprofessionalexperienceisrequired.”，TechnicalDirectorinPerformingandFineArts中的“ABAdegreeorequivalentprofessionalexperienceisrequired”以及AssistantDirectorofMediaResourcesCenter中的“Positionqualificationsinclude...libraryexperience...”等信息可知，这四份工作都对工作经验有要求。15.Wecanprobablyfindthepassageinthesectionof.A.EmploymentInformationB.InformationTechnologyC.AroundtheWorldD.Teens’Garden答案　A解析　文章出处题。文章介绍了几则招聘广告，此类文章应该在招聘信息中出现。17\nBFrankLloydWrightwasthechampionoforganicarchitecture，astyleofbuildingmeanttoharmonizewithnature.ButI’mnotsureharmonizingwithchipmunks—smallAmericananimalssimilartosquirrelswithblacklinesontheirfur—waswhathehadinmind.DuringmyyearswiththeUSNationalParkService，IspentsixmonthsworkinginavisitorcenterdesignedbyWright’sfirm.SeveralotheremployeesandIstaffedthepark’sphoneandradiosystemfromaroominthebasement.IwassittingatmydeskwhenIfirstheardasoundinthesuspendedceiling.Darkshapesmovedfastacrossthelightpanel(光板)abovemyhead.Momentslater，theyranbackintheoppositedirection，leavingmewithanimpressionofnosesandtails，eachtailfollowedbyanothernose.Itwaslikewatchingashadowpuppet(皮影)performance，butwithrealanimals.“Babychipmunks，”afellowtoldme.“Theyliveintheceiling.”Afterfoursummersworkingintheparks，Ihadgrownaccustomedtosharingindoorspacewithwildlife.Chipmunksintheworkplaceevenseemedtobeajoy；theirbehaviorsprovidedabitofstressreliefondifficultdays.Assummerprogressed，theshadowschasingeachotheracrossourlightsgrewbigger.Theirmovementacrossthelightpanelshadbecomemoreofanathleticrunning.IhadjustansweredacallonedaywhenIheardaloudsound，andaceilingpanelfelldownonmyhead.IdroppedthephoneasIfelloutofmyofficechair，lookingupjustintimetoseeabrowntaildisappearoverthegapintheceiling.Ipulledmyselfoffthecarpet，laughingwithmyco-workers，andnoticedthephonehangingoverthesideofthedesk.Ipickedupthephone，preparingtoexplainthecrash，thescream，thedroppedphone，andthelaughingtothelistenerwhowasabouttovisitthepark.“I’msorry，butyou’renotgoingtobelievewhatjusthappened.”Idon’tthinkhedid.16.Whatdoestheauthorprobablydo?A.He’savisitor.B.He’sabiologist.C.He’sanarchitect.D.He’saconsultant.答案　D17\n解析　推理判断题。根据第七段中的“IhadjustansweredacallonedaywhenIheardaloudsound”以及第八段中的“Ipickedupthephone，preparingtoexplainthecrash...”可以推测出，作者他是一名顾问。17.Whatwerethechipmunksdoingwhentheauthorfoundthemforthefirsttime?A.Theywerechasingeachother.B.Theyweremakingtheirhome.C.Theywerejumpingontothelights.D.Theywereclimbinguptotheceiling.答案　A解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“whenIfirstheardasoundinthesuspendedceiling.Darkshapesmovedfastacrossthelightpanel(光板)abovemyhead.”以及第六段第一句“Assummerprogressed，theshadowschasingeachotheracrossourlightsgrewbigger.”可知，当作者第一次发现它们时，这些花粟鼠正在相互追逐。18.Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutseeingchipmunksinhisoffice?A.Scared.B.Curious.C.Pleased.D.Shocked.答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Chipmunksintheworkplaceevenseemedtobeajoy；theirbehaviorsprovidedabitofstressreliefondifficultdays.”可知，作者对在他的办公室里看到花粟鼠感到高兴。19.Whatwasthemaincauseoftheaccidentwhentheauthorwasmakingaphonecall?A.Thechipmunkswerefightingonthepanel.B.Thepanelcouldn’tbearthechipmunks’weight.C.Somethinghittheceilingfromhighabove.D.Thesuspendedceilingwasnotfirm.答案　B解析　推理判断题。第六段中作者讲到随着夏季的推进，天花板上的花粟鼠渐渐长大，结合第七段第二句“IdroppedthephoneasIfelloutofmyofficechair，lookingupjustintimetoseeabrowntaildisappearoverthegapintheceiling.”可推知，天花板无法承受花粟鼠的体重而掉到作者头上，是他拨打电话时出事故的主要原因。20.Whowastheauthortalkingtooverthephone?A.Oneofhisfriends.B.FrankLloydWright.17\nC.Afutureparkvisitor.D.Oneofhiscolleagues.答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段第二句“Ipickedupthephone，preparingtoexplainthecrash，thescream，thedroppedphone，andthelaughingtothelistenerwhowasabouttovisitthepark.”可知，作者是在和要来公园游览的游客打电话。17