天津专用2022高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破十四文章结构题优选习题

十四、文章结构题一、篇章结构题(2022·“六校联盟”第三次联考)Careersinzoologyareextremelyvariedandunique，andcanprovideincrediblelearningandworkopportunitiesforanyonedevotedtoanimalstudiesandwelfare.Zoology，orthestudyofanimals，isawidefieldwithmanyspecialties，includingresearch，conservation，veterinary(兽医的)medicine，andthecareofanimals.Forpeoplewithaloveofanimalsandsometraining，dreamsofcareersinzoologymaycometrue.Somecareersinzoologyfocusonresearchandscientificstudies.Thesecareersmayallowthosewithagoodtheoreticalsciencebackgroundtodevelopandrunstudiesthatimprovehumanunderstandingoftheanimalworld.Researchinzoologycanhelpcreatesaferandmoreeffectiveproductsforanimalsorcanteachhumansmoreaboutanimalbehaviorinordertoaidinconservation，breedingprograms，andhabitatpreservation.Careersinzoologythatfocusonconservationattachgreatimportancetothecontinuedsurvivalandincreasedprotectionofanimalspecies.Conservationistsmayworkwithpoliticalgroupsorgovernmentstohelpmakelawstoprotectandpreserveanimals，ormayworkinthefieldgatheringinformationonpotentialthreatstothehealthofglobalecosystems.Someconservationistsworkineducationalfields，tryingtoimprovehumaneffortstosaveanimalsfromextinction.17\nAnimalsaresubjecttoillnessandinjury，andsomecareersinzoologyhelptocreateasafe，stableanimalpopulation.Veterinarymedicineisanimportantspecialtyfield，andmaytakeseveralyearsofintensivetrainingtoqualifyasacertifiedveterinarian.Whilemanyveterinariansfocusonthesmall-animalpracticeofdomesticpets，vetsinruralareasoftenworkwithlargefarmanimalsandmoreadventurousveterinariansmayworkwithexoticspeciesinzoosandwildlifepreserves.Humanslovetoobserveanimals，andmodern-dayzoosandwildlifepreserveshelpmeetthatinterestwhileprovidingfacilitiestoassistwithconservationprograms.Zoologycareersinzooscanrangefromoverseeingbreedingprograms，tocreatingtheproperdietforadeer，ortocleaningthetiger’scage.Manyvolunteerandentry-leveljobsareavailableforpeoplethatloveanimals.1.Whatisthepurposeofresearchingonanimalsinzoology?A.Tohelpgovernmentsmakelaws.B.Toimproveresearchers’scientificknowledge.C.Tocreatesafeandeffectiveproductsforhumans.D.Toeducatepeopletoprotectanimals.答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据第二段末句“Researchinzoologycanhelpcreatesaferandmoreeffectiveproductsforanimalsorcanteachhumansmoreaboutanimalbehaviorinordertoaidinconservation，breedingprograms，andhabitatpreservation.”可知，动物学研究动物的目的是教育人们保护动物。故选D。2.Whatcancareersinzoologythatfocusonveterinarymedicinehelp?A.Betterunderstandanimals.B.Protectanimals’health.C.Cleantheanimals’cages.D.Increasethenumberofanimals.答案　B解析　推理判断题。根据第四段前两句“Animalsaresubjecttoillnessandinjury，andsomecareersinzoologyhelptocreateasafe，stableanimalpopulation.Veterinarymedicineisanimportantspecialtyfield...”可知，动物易得疾病且易受伤害，动物学方面的某些职业如兽医学有助于创造一个安全、稳定的动物种群。由此可知，B项描述正确，故选B。3.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthewholepassage?17\n(P1＝Paragraph1；P2＝Paragraph2；P3＝Paragraph3；P4＝Paragraph4；P5＝Paragraph5)答案　A解析　篇章结构题。第一段介绍了动物学方面的职业是多样而独特的，是总述。第二段从研究方面介绍；第三段介绍了自然保护的动物学工作；第四段是兽医学可以保护动物健康的介绍；第五段讲述了现代的动物园和野生动物保护区既有助于满足人们的兴趣，又提供了一些设施来帮助保护动物。后边四个段落从不同角度对第一段进行分述，A项图例符合文章结构。故选A。4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlypresent?A.Volunteers’passionforzoology.B.Anewideaofcareersinzoology.C.Differenttypesofcareersinzoology.D.Effectivemeasuresofanimalprotection.答案　C解析　主旨大意题。文章介绍了动物学的相关职业是非常多样和独特的，并就四种职业进行了讲解。故选C。二、写作手法题Therearemanyplacestogoonsafari(观赏野生动物)inAfrica，butridingahorsethroughthefloodedwatersofBotswana’sOkavangoDeltamustrankasoneoftheworld’smostexcitingwildlifejourneys.Severalsafaricampsoperateasthebaseforthisadventure，providinguniqueridestwiceadaytoexploredeepintothedelta.Thecampshaveexcellenthorses，professionalguidesandlotsofsupportworkers.Theyhaveareputationforprovidingagreatridingexperience.Themorningride，whentheguidestakeyoutobeautiful，shallowlakesfullofwaterlilies，tendstobemoreactive.Itisunlikeanyotherridingexperience.Withrainbowsforminginthesplashingwateraroundyouandthesoundofhugedropsofwaterbouncingoffyourbodyandface，itistrulyexciting.Youareverylikelyto17\ncomeacrosslargewildanimals，too.Onhorsebackitispossibletogetquiteclosetoelephants，giraffesandmanyotheranimals.Thesenseofexcitementandtensionlevelsrisesuddenlythough，asdoesyourheartrate，asyoumoveclosertothem.Intheevening，ridesareusuallyatamorerelaxedandunhurriedpace，withgoldenlightstreamingacrossthegrassydeltaandtheanimalscomingouttoeatanddrink.Sedatethoughtheyare，ridesatthistimeofdayarestillveryimpressive.Asthesun’srayspassthroughthedustkickedupbythehorses，theromanceofAfricacomestolife.Backatthecampyoucankickoffyourbootsandenjoyexcellentfoodandwine.Lookingbackonyourday，youwillfindithardtodenythatahorsebacksafariisascloseasyouwillevercometoansweringthecallofthewild.TheauthorintroducestheridingexperienceintheOkavangoDeltamainlyby.A.followingspaceorderB.followingtimeorderC.makingclassificationsD.givingexamples答案　B解析　写作手法题。整篇文章是根据在非洲观赏野生动物的时间顺序组织的。一、题型解读近几年天津卷均未对篇章结构题这一考点进行考查，但近几年地方卷偶有涉及。此类题目能全面地、深层次地考查考生的阅读理解能力，为防止2022年高考爆冷，仅编写此考点，供学有余力的考生选用。二、解题技巧——把脉络看结构篇章结构题主要是针对文章的整体篇章结构或某一段落的展开层次所设置的问题。高考对文章结构的考查主要涉及两个层次：一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构；二是按写作手法(论证方法)理解文章的结构。设问形式常有：(1)Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?(2)Whichofthefollowingshowstheorganization/structureofthe(whole)passage?因此这类题的解题方法也分为两种，如下图所示：17\n注意：1.文章的段落组织通常采用“总—分；分—总；总—分—总”的框架。2.内容的展开则常用以下手法：时间顺序：按时间先后顺序说明某一事物的发展情况。空间顺序：按照事物的空间结构顺序进行描写或说明。例证关系：所列举的事物用来论证观点，通常是数据、事例等。对比或类比关系：这类文章通常以对比各事物之间的共同点或差异为主。例如：【感悟体会】一中第3题，通读全文，把握各段大意可知：第一段介绍了动物学方面的职业是多样而独特的，是总述。第二段从研究方面介绍；第三段介绍了自然保护的动物学工作；第四段是兽医学可以保护动物健康的介绍；第五段讲述了现代的动物园和野生动物保护区既有助于满足人们的兴趣，又提供了一些设施来帮助保护动物。分析每一段的关系发现：后面四个段落从不同的角度对第一段进行了分述，所以这篇文章是“总—分”结构，A项图例符合文章结构。故选A。【感悟体会】二中，通读全文发现文章中出现很多线索词，如Themorningride，Intheevening，Backatthecamp，可知文章是根据时间顺序来介绍骑马观赏野生动物的。故选B项。ADuringthehighschoolcareer，studentsmaybegintoquestiontheimportanceofacollegeeducation.Theymightfindthemselvesasking，“Whyisitimportanttogotocollege？”Theansweristhat，morethanever，collegegraduatesenjoymuchgreateropportunitiesavailabletothemthanthosewhohavenotreceivedacollegeeducation.Formanyhighschoolstudents，beingabletoimmediatelygenerateanincomeaftergraduationisanappealingthought.Theymayalsobeaffectedbytherisingcostoftuition，andwhileitistruethatahighereducationmaybeoneofthelargestexpensesyouwilleverface，theimportanceofacollegeeducationhasbecomequiteevidentintermsofearningpotentialwithintoday’seconomy.Whyshouldyougotocollege?Oneimportantanswertothisquestionismore17\nopportunities.Asopposedtogenerationsofthepast，highschoolgraduatestodayareunabletoobtainhigh-payingjobsthatwereonceavailable.TheU.S.hasbeentransformedfromamanufacturing-basedeconomytoaneconomybasedonknowledge，andtheimportanceofacollegeeducationtodaycanbecomparedtothatofahighschooleducationfortyyearsago.Itservesasthegatewaytobetteroptionsandmoreopportunities.Thereareadditionalreasonsastowhyitisimportanttogotocollege.Whenstudentsexperienceapostsecondaryeducation，theyhavetheopportunitytoreadbooksandlistentothelecturesoftopexpertsintheirfields.Thisencouragesstudentstothink，askquestions，andexplorenewideas，whichallowsforadditionalgrowthanddevelopmentandprovidescollegegraduateswithmoreopportunitiesinthejobmarketoverthosewhohavenotexperiencedahighereducation.Theimportanceofacollegeeducationisalsostressedbecauseoftheopportunitytogainvaluableresourcesduringthestudy.Themoreconnectionswhicharecollectedduringyourcollegecareer，themoreoptionsyouwillhavewhenyoubeginyourjobsearch.Onceyouhaveendedyourjobsearchandhavestartedyourcareer，however，theimportanceofacollegeeducationhasnotbeenexhausted.Havingacollegedegreeoftenprovidesforgreaterpromotionopportunity.So，whyshouldyougotocollege?Thereasoningdoesnotbeginandendwiththejobaspect.Agoodeducationisbeneficialfrommanydifferentviewpoints，andthoughtheimportanceofacollegeeducationisquiteevidentformanyhighschoolstudents，whatisoftennotasclearishowtheywillpayforthateducation.1.Whydosomehighschoolgraduatespreferworkingtocollegestudy?A.Toobtainhigh-payingjobs.B.Toearnmoneyatanearlyage.C.Tospendlessmoneyontuition.D.Toadapttotheknowledge-basedsociety.答案　B解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Formanyhighschoolstudents，beingabletoimmediatelygenerateanincomeaftergraduationisanappealingthought.”可知，对许多高中生来说，高中毕业后能立即获得收入是一个吸引人的想法。2.Theauthormostlikelyagreeswiththeideathat.A.toomuchtimeisspentonlecturesincollegestudyB.highschooleducationisagatewaytomoreopportunities17\nC.collegegraduatesgainmorechancesoverothersinjobmarketD.acollegedegreeguaranteespromotioninAmericancompanies答案　C解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“providescollegegraduateswithmoreopportunitiesinthejobmarketoverthosewhohavenotexperiencedahighereducation”可知，大学毕业生在就业市场上会获得更多的机会。3.Whatismostlikelytobetalkedaboutintheparagraphafterthelastparagraphofthepassage?A.Refusingcollegeeducation.B.Changingcollegeeducation.C.Receivingcollegeeducation.D.Affordingcollegeeducation.答案　D解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“whatisoftennotasclearishowtheywillpayforthateducation”可推知，下文应该讨论怎样为大学教育付费。4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ImportanceofCollegeEducationB.EducationMeansOpportunityC.WhichIsMoreImportant，JobOrEducation?D.HowtoSurviveintheCollege答案　A解析　标题归纳题。通读全文并根据各个段落的首句可知，本文主要讨论大学教育的重要性。故A项作本文标题最佳。5.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?I：Introduction　P：Point　Sp：Sub-point(次要点)　C：Conclusion17\n答案　D解析　篇章结构题。第一段说明高中生认识到大学教育的重要性；第二段说明高中生面对继续上大学还是工作的矛盾选择；第三、四、五段说明接受大学教育的重要性；最后一段总结大学教育的好处。B(2022·天津部分区县二模)Societytellsusthatweshouldcountourblessings，focusonallthatwehaveandfeelgratefulforwhatwe’vebeengiven.Butthereisnothingwrongwith“healthydiscontent”.Infact，healthydiscontentiswhatmotivatesustoimproveourselvesandourcircumstances.Withoutthatfeelingthatlifecouldbebetter，it’seasiertostandstill.Ialwayshaveacertainlevelofdiscomfort.Thatdiscomfortdrivesmetoworkhardatmyjob.Idon’tjustwanttoremainwhereIam.Professionally，Iwanttokeepgettingbetter.Likewise，Ialwayshaveacertainamountofdiscontentaboutmyhome.Thatdrivesmetoalwaystrytoimproveitbymakingitlookbetter.Myfeelingsofdiscontentaboutmyjobandmyhomedon’tmeanthatIdon’tappreciatethem.It’sanincredibleblessingtobeabletoworkandbepaidforone’sefforts.Similarly，ifyouliveinasafeplace，withrunningwater，heating，andairconditioning，youareincrediblefortunate.Thesearenotthingstobetakenforgranted.However，weshouldbestriving(力争)toimprove.Ifyouhappentobegoodatplayingthepiano，youshouldworktocontinuallyimproveyourskills.Thesameholdtrueforourpersonaldevelopment.Ifyouhaveareasinyourpersonalitythatneedimprovement，youshouldworkonthem，too.Forinstance，Icanbeveryimpatient.Asaresult，Iworkhardtotrytoconquerthatflaw(缺点)bykeepingmyimpatiencetomyself.Whenwefeeldiscontentaboutourselves，wehavetobehonestwithourselves.It’seasytomakeexcusesforourbadbehavior，butweneedtofaceourdiscontentheadonandsaytoourselves，“Ineedtoworkonthis.”Thisweek，considerwhetheryouhaveahealthydiscontentinyourlife.Haveyoubecomesosettledinyourlifethatyoudon’tseeregularimprovement?Doyouhaveacharacterflawthatyouwishyoudidn’thave?Don’tignorethesethings.Instead，takestepstoaddressyourareasofdiscontentandkeepimproving17\nyourlifeeveryday.Nomatterhowgreatwethinkthingsaregoing，there’salwaysroomforimprovement.6.WhatisstressedinParagraph1?A.Thegratitudeforwhatwehave.B.Theimportanceofhealthydiscontent.C.Thelessonsfromsociety.D.Theeasinessofstandingstill.答案　B解析　段落大意题。根据第一段最后两句“Infact，healthydiscontentiswhatmotivatesustoimproveourselvesandourcircumstances.Withoutthatfeelingthatlifecouldbebetter，it’seasiertostandstill.”可知，第一段强调了健康不满的重要性。7.Whydoestheauthorhavefeelingsofdiscontentabouthisjobandhome?A.Hedoesn’ttreasurethem.B.Heisparticularaboutthem.C.Hedesirestoimprovethem.D.Heisdifficulttosatisfy.答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“Likewise，Ialwayshaveacertainamountofdiscontentaboutmyhome.Thatdrivesmetoalwaystrytoimproveitbymakingitlookbetter.”可知，作者对他的工作和家庭感到不满是因为他希望改进它们。8.Whenweareinsafeandcomfortzone，wetendto.A.feelluckyB.gowildwithexcitementC.sparenoefforttochangeourselvesD.makenoattempttomakeprogress答案　D解析　推理判断题。根据文章第四段可推知，当我们处于安全舒适区时，我们往往不会试图取得进步。9.Whatdoestheauthoradviseyoutodoifyouhavepersonalflaws?A.Leavethemastheyare.B.Makeeffortstoovercomethem.C.Makeexcusesforthem.D.Bepatientwithourselves.答案　B17\n解析　推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句及第六段作者举的自己克服缺乏耐心的缺点的例子可知，如果你有缺点，作者建议你努力克服它们。10.Theauthorsupportshisviewmostlyby.A.listingsomequestionsB.tellinghisownexperiencesC.analyzingvariouscausesofhealthydiscontentD.revealingfrustratingconsequencesofhealthydiscontent答案　B解析　写作手法题。通读全文可知，作者主要是通过讲述自己的经历来支持他的观点的。题型组合练(十七)Ⅰ.单项填空1.Wordpowersectionshouldbetakenseriouslybecauseofthebenefitscanhaveonstudents’vocabularybuilding.A.thisB.thatC.itD.one答案　C解析　句意为：因为词汇拓展部分对学生词汇积累有好处，它应该被认真对待。benefits后是一个定语从句，从句中省略了关系代词that或which，it作从句的主语，指代前文的Wordpowersection，故选C项。2.AsCharlesDarwinwroteinTheDescentofMan，“Thehighestpossiblestageinmoralcultureiswerecognizethatweoughttocontrolourminds.”A.thatB.howC.whereD.when答案　D解析　when为连接副词，引导表语从句，在从句作时间状语。3.Howeverdifficultitseemstobe，youwillmakeityouputyourheartintoit.A.sothatB.asthoughC.aslongasD.inthat答案　C解析　句意为：无论它看起来有多困难，只要你全身心地投入，你就会成功。sothat以便，所以；asthough好像，仿佛；aslongas只要；inthat因为。17\n4.MrBlackhadsuchawonderfultimehetravelledalloverthecountrylastyear.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.as答案　A解析　句意为：当布莱克先生去年游遍全国各地时，他度过了非常愉快的时光。前后文构成时间关系，而不是因果关系，排除B项。5.—Imusthaveeatensomethingwrong.Ifeellike.—Itoldyounottoeatatarestaurant.You’dbetterathomeA.tothrowup；toeatB.throwingup；eatingC.tothrowup；eatD.throwingup；eat答案　D解析　feellike想要，后接名词或动名词；hadbetter最好，后接动词原形。故选项D正确。6.Hehadbeenafraidofbeingslappeddownbeforeheenteredtheoffice，butitturnedoutthathewaswithasmileandacupoftea.A.grantedB.greetedC.guardedD.guaranteed答案　B解析　句意为：他在进入办公室之前担心被批评，但是结果迎接他的却是一个微笑和一杯茶。根据句意可知，greet欢迎，迎接，符合语境。grant同意，准许，承认；guard监视，守卫；guarantee保证，担保。7.Journalistsareevenlysplitonwhetherornottheyshouldinterviewtheirpersonalheroes:Somesayyoushouldn’tbecauseyou’llfindyouridolhas，whileothersarguetheopportunityistoogoodtomiss.A.butterfliesinhisstomachB.agreenfingerC.feetofclayD.awetblanket答案　C解析　butterfliesinone’sstomach(某人)感到很紧张；agreenfinger园艺高手；feetofclay缺陷，弱点；awetblanket令人扫兴的人。由语境“你会发现你的偶像有缺点”可知选C。8.—Sherryrangtosayshewastoobusytocome.—Well，shesaythat.Sheisalwaysmakingexcuses.(2022·苏锡常镇四市一模，23)17\nA.mustn’tB.wouldC.needn’tD.should答案　B解析　句意为：——雪莉打电话过来说她很忙不能来了。——嗯，她是会说这种话的。她总是编造借口。would表示某人过去的习惯，根据上句中的rang可知是在讲发生在过去的事情。mustn’t表示禁止；needn’t不需要，不必；should应该，居然。根据题意选B项。9.Accordingtothenewsreport，Francehasdecidedtoexpandgovernment’ssecuritypowersParisattacks.A.insearchofB.inthewakeofC.inmemoryofD.inthecaseof答案　B解析　句意为：根据新闻报道，在巴黎恐怖袭击之后，法国已决定扩充政府的安全力量。insearchof寻找；inthewakeof随着，紧跟着；inmemoryof为了纪念；inthecaseof至于，在……的情况下。10.？Yourdogcangetjealouswhenyoupayattentiontootherdogs，otherpeopleorevenotherthings.A.GuesswhatB.HowcomeC.What’supD.Whynot答案　A解析　Guesswhat？你猜怎么着？Howcome？怎么会……(那样)？What’sup？怎么了？出了什么事？Whynot？为何不……？(用于提出建议)。Ⅱ.阅读理解A(2022·河东区一模)Mostpeoplemaythinkthatpeoplewhowritecomputercodemustbegoodatmathandlogicalthinking.However，peoplewhowritecomputercodesaythatcreativityisalsoanimportantqualityforcoding.SoftwaredevelopersintheAmericanstateofCaliforniahavecreatedagamecalledOsmoCodingJam.Thegameisdesignedtohelpchildrenusethecreativesideoftheirmindsastheylearntocode.ChildrencanplaythegameoniPads.Therearemanyactivitiestheycandobythegame.TanyaDodgeisthemotheroftwochildren，nine-year-oldDylanandhis11-year-oldsisterMeghan，whoplaythegame.Accordingtoher，theseactivitiesgivethemimportant17\nskillsforthefuture.“It’sananalyticalskillthatthekidsaregoingtoneedtohaveastheygrowuptoday，”saidDodge.ButthedevelopersofOsmoCodingJambelievewritingcodeshouldbemorethanjustananalyticalskill.“WewanttoexplorethecreativesideofcodingthatIthinkisoftennotasexplored，”saidFelixHu，anOsmoengineer.Huadded，“Thecoolestpartisthatwe’reteachingkidshowtobecreativewithcodeandthat’sareallyimportantthingthatkidsshouldgetcomfortablewithbecausecodingiscreative.”Hualsoseesagrowingnumberofparentswhofeelthatsoftwarecodeisasecondlanguagethatchildrenneedtolearntosucceedinfuturejobs.TanyaDodge，themotherofDylanandMeghan，consents.Shesaid，“Ithinkyou’regoingtohavetounderstandatsomepointtheideaofcodingwillworkwellinthefuture.”Hualsoexplainedthatveryoftenkidsgrowupnotunderstandinghowacomputerworksorjustthinkingthatit’slikeamagicalmachine.Hesaidbybreakingitdowntoalowerlevel，kidscanunderstandthatthecomputerisn’tassmartastheythinkitis.11.OsmoCodingJamisdesignedfor.A.trainingkids’logicalthinkingB.helpingkidslearntocodefastC.helpingchildrenlearnmathwellD.helpingkidsbecomemorecreative答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thegameisdesignedtohelpchildrenusethecreativesideoftheirmindsastheylearntocode.”可知，OsmoCodingJam是为了帮助孩子们在学习代码的过程中开发他们头脑中创造性的一面，即：使孩子们更具有创造性。故选D。12.WhatdoesTanyaDodgethinkofOsmoCodingJam?A.Itneedstobeimproved.B.Itishighlyaddictiveforkids.C.Itisofgreathelptotoday’skids.D.Itisimperfectintrainingkids’analyticalskill.答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Accordingtoher，theseactivitiesgivethemimportantskillsforthefuture.‘It’sananalyticalskillthatthekidsaregoingtoneedtohaveastheygrowuptoday，’said17\nDodge.”可知，Dodge认为这款游戏能为孩子们的未来提供重要的技能，这是孩子们在成长过程中需要的一种分析技巧。由此可见她认为这款游戏对孩子们有很大帮助。故选C。13.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A.TanyaDodgeagreesthatcodingisgoodforchildrentosucceedinfuturejobs.B.Manyparentsdoubtwhethercodingwillhelpchildrenworkwellinthefuture.C.Creativityisnotsoimportantaslogicalthinkingforcoding.D.TanyaDodgehastwogirls，whoplaythegame，OsmoCodingJam.答案　A解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“...softwarecodeisasecondlanguagethatchildrenneedtolearntosucceedinfuturejobs.TanyaDodge，themotherofDylanandMeghan，consents.”可知，Dodge也认为这款游戏对孩子在未来工作中的成功有帮助。故选A。14.Whatcanweknowaboutkids’learningcodingfromthelastparagraph?A.Itmakesthemmuchmoreconfidentandcreative.B.Itmakesthemlikeusingcomputersmore.C.Ithelpsthemknowbetteraboutcomputers.D.Ithelpsthemknowbetteraboutthemselves.答案　C解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段末句“Hesaidbybreakingitdowntoalowerlevel，kidscanunderstandthatthecomputerisn’tassmartastheythinkitis.”可知，通过学习代码，孩子们能更多地了解电脑。故选C。15.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Totellhowtolearntocodewell.B.Totellaboutanewgameforkids.C.Toencouragekidstolearntocode.D.Toshowtheimportanceofcreativity.答案　B解析　写作意图题。文章主要介绍了一款帮助孩子们在学习代码的过程中，同时开发其创造力的游戏。作者的目的是为孩子介绍这款新游戏。故选B。B(2022·红桥区一模)NoonecanclaimsuchmasteryofthefantasysoundasBritishfilm-musiccomposerJohnWilliams.It’sastyleofmusichedidmuchtodefineinStarWarsandthenfor17\nmanyotherfilmsforthedirectorStevenSpielberg.Therearedistinctivemelodieswhichgivethefeelingofflying，partsofmusictorepresentdifferentcharactersandcomplexdetails.Inaddition，everythingfollowsthesymphonicstyleofahundredyearsago.It’swhatthefilmindustryinHollywoodwants，andwhataudienceseverywhereexpect.Canwecallitart，orisitsimplyasortoffactoryproduct？Forthecinema-goersittingwithapopcornbagthequestiondoesn’tarise.Butsincefilmmusicnowspreadstoadifferentaudiencefaroutsidecinemas，onpromotedsoundtrackCDsandseriousconcertplatforms，itmaybeinterestingtoanswerthequestion.Composersthemselveshaveexpressedverydiverseopinions.Interviewedsomeyearsago，Williamshimselfproudlyreferredtofilmmusicas“theoperaofthe20thcentury”.Ontheotherhand，RichardRodneyBennett，thecomposerofthemusicforthefilmMurderontheOrientExpress，declaredthat“inwritingfilmmusiconeisreallyusingonlyasixthofone’smusicalmind”.Everyoneagreesononepointthough：therewardsarepleasinglyhigh.Thereareroyalties(版税).Andifyouhittherightbuttonsyoucangetintothesideline(副业)ofaconcertcareer，regularlymounting(举办)liveperformancesoffilmcompositions.Butifyouconsidertheworkingconditionsthatcomposersputupwith，itmaybehardtoclassfilmmusicasart.Firstofall，filmmusiciscomposedinsnippets(片段)，timedtothesecond，andwrittenafterthefilmisshot.Thentherearemaddeadlines.Next，thecomposerhastolivewiththefactthathehasnoartisticcontrol.Finally，theworstthingisthatwhatiswrittenstrugglestogetitselfnoticedagainstabackgroundofdialogueandeverypossiblevisualdelightfromcartooncharacterShrek’sgreenbodytoactorTomCruise’schin.ButthinkoftheGermancomposerBachintheeighteenthcentury，satisfyinghisemployersbywritingonecantata(清唱剧)aweek.Fewcomposerscanwritewithoutatask.Andforthetrueartist，rulesandrestrictionsstimulate.So，what’smyconclusion？Artorfactoryproduct？Both，infact，althoughthere’srathermoreofthefactoryproductthanIwouldlikeattimes.16.WhatistheauthortryingtosayaboutJohnWilliams’music?A.ItismorepopularinHollywood.B.Ithascertaincharacteristicseasytoidentify.C.Itissimilartoothercomposers’music.D.Itistooold-fashioned.17\n答案　B解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Therearedistinctivemelodieswhichgivethefeelingofflying...”可知，JohnWilliams的音乐有一些很容易识别的特征，很独特。17.Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheattitudeofcinema-goertofilmmusic?A.Theythinkitismass-produced.B.TheyareonlyinterestedinsoundtrackCDs.C.Theydon’tcarewhetherithasartisticquality.D.Theyfeelitisanimportantpartofthecinemaexperience.答案　C解析　推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“Forthecinema-goersittingwithapopcornbagthequestiondoesn’tarise.”可知，观众不关心电影音乐是否有艺术品质，不会提出疑问。18.Whichviewoffilmmusicdoallcomposersshare?A.Theycanuseitasawayintoanalternativecareer.B.Theyconsiderthatitisaworthyoutletfortheirtalents.C.Theyappreciatethefinancialgainstheymakefromit.D.Theyneedittosupplementtheirmainsourceofincome.答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Everyoneagreesononepointthough：therewardsarepleasinglyhigh.”可知，作曲家他们感谢电影使他们从中获得的经济利益。19.Whatistheworstaspectofafilmcomposer’sworkingconditions?A.Thedeadlinescannotbemet.B.Hehasnocontroloverhowthemusicisused.C.Themusichastobecomposedafterthefilmiscompleted.D.Themusichastocompeteforattentionwithotherpartsofthefilm.答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Finally，theworstthingisthatwhatiswrittenstrugglestogetitselfnoticedagainstabackgroundofdialogueandeverypossiblevisualdelightfromcartooncharacterShrek’sgreenbodytoactorTomCruise’schin.”可知，一个作曲家最糟糕的处境是得和其他的内容抢关注度。20.TheauthorcomparesmodernfilmcomposerswithBachtoshowthat.A.somecomposersworkbetterunderpressureB.mostcomposersneedsomefinancialhelpC.composersmustaimtopleasetheiremployersD.composershaveunreasonabledemandsplacedonthem17\n答案　A解析　推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，本文作者将现代电影作曲家与巴赫进行了比较，以证明一些作曲家在压力下工作得更好。17