北京市石景山区2022-2023学年高三英语上学期期末试卷（Word版附解析）

石景山区2022—2023学年第一学期高三期末试卷英语本试卷共10页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Asabiologistandphotographer,Ialwaystakemycameraeverywheretotakepicturesofwildanimals.Oneday,Iwasstandingonaboatwhenaverylargefemaleleopardseal(海豹)swamby.Iputonmydivingequipmentandgrabbedmy____1____.Iwasfrightenedbecauseshewassobig.Mymouthwasdry,andIcouldn’teven____2____.ButIknewitwastimeto____3____thismysteriouscreature.Ijumpedintothefreezingwater.Immediately,thesealswamtowardsme.Thensheputmyentirecameraandmuchofmyheadintohermouth.Thinkingthismustbeasignof____4____,Idecidedtostayverycalm.Althoughthesealwasshowingmeherteeth,Itriednotto____5____anyfear.Shediditafewmoretimes,andthenswamaway.Tomy____6____,shecamebackwithalivepenguin.Andsheevenshowedmehowtoeatit.Thenshepushedthepenguinintomycamera—shethoughtthecamerawasmymouth!Beingabiologist,Iunderstoodthatshewastryingto____7____me.ButIthoughtthatshewasreallytryingtocommunicatewithme.Atthispoint,shedidn’tseemvery____8____.Shestayedbymeandtookcareofmeforfourdays.Igotmanyamazingpicturesduringthosefourdays.And,moreimportantly,I’velearnedthatanimalsdonotalwaysbehavethewaywe____9____.Ibelievethe_____10_____experienceIhadwiththispowerfulandintelligentanimalwillstaywithmeforever.1.A.knifeB.bagC.cameraD.gun2.A.escapeB.makeC.moveD.fight3.A.approachB.adoptC.imagineD.rescue4.A.respectB.sympathyC.rewardD.threat5A.confirmB.exposeC.overcomeD.reduce6.A.satisfactionB.regretC.surpriseD.sorrow 7.A.feedB.comfortC.attackD.assess8.A.reliableB.dangerousC.sensitiveD.ambitious9.A.admireB.promiseC.demandD.expect10.A.confusingB.similarC.incredibleD.bitter【答案】1.C2.C3.A4.D5.B6.C7.A8.B9.D10.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者拍摄海豹的经历及感悟。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我穿上了潜水设备，拿起了照相机。A.knife刀；B.bag包；C.camera照相机；D.gun枪。根据后文的“Thensheputmyentirecameraandmuchofmyheadintohermouth.”可知，海豹把我的头和相机放在了他的嘴里，所以我是带着相机潜水的。故选C项。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的嘴唇发干，甚至都无法动弹的了。A.escape逃跑；B.make制作；C.move移动；D.fight斗争。根据前文的“Iwasfrightened”可知，我看见海豹后十分害怕，一动不动地待在那里。故选C项。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是我知道，这是接近这个神秘生物的好时候。。A.approach接近；B.adopt采取；C.imagine想象；D.rescue营救。根据后文的“Ijumpedintothefreezingwater.”可知，我决定跳入水里，近距离观察海豹，所以此处是接近这个海豹。故选A项。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为这一定是威胁的信号，所以决定保持冷静。A.respect尊重；B.sympathy同情；C.reward回报；D.threat威胁；恐吓。根据前文的“Thensheputmyentirecameraandmuchofmyheadintohermouth.”可知，海豹看到人类后，采取了威胁恐吓人类的做法。故选D项。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管海豹向我展示它的牙齿，但我尽力不显露出任何害怕。A.confirm确认；B.expose暴露；C.overcome克服；D.reduce减少。根据前文的“Idecidedtostayverycalm.”可知，尽管海豹在威胁我，但我还是尽力保持冷静，不露出害怕的神情。故选B项。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：使我惊讶的是，它叼着一只活着的企鹅又回来了。A.satisfaction满足；B.regret后悔；C.surprise惊讶；D.sorrow悲伤。根据后文的“shecamebackwithalivepenguin.”可知，我没有想到海豹会去而复返，还带着一只企鹅，所以当它叼着一只活着的企鹅又回来了，我很惊讶。故选C 项。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名生物学家，我理解海豹尝试用企鹅喂我吃。A.feed喂养；B.comfort安慰；C.attack攻击；D.assess评估。根据前文的“Thenshepushedthepenguinintomycamera—shethoughtthecamerawasmymouth!”可知，海豹把照相机当成了我的嘴，把企鹅推到了我的“嘴边”，说明海豹是在喂养我，想让我吃了企鹅。故选A项。【8题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那一刻，它看上去似乎不那么危险了。A.reliable可靠的；B.dangerous危险的；C.sensitive多愁善感的；D.ambitious野心勃勃的。根据后文“Shestayedbymeandtookcareofmeforfourdays.”可知，从那一刻开始，海豹开始信任我，我也不再害怕它了。故选B项。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，我得知动物的行为并不总是我们预期的那样。A.admire钦佩；B.promise承诺；C.demand要求；D.expect预期，期待；认为。根据前文“Thensheputmyentirecameraandmuchofmyheadintohermouth.”及“Thenshepushedthepenguinintomycamera—shethoughtthecamerawasmymouth!”可知，海豹的行为前后发生了很大的变化，一开始威胁我，后来信任了我，给我分享食物吃。说明海豹并不是像人们认为的那样可怕危险。故选D项。【10题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我相信与这只强大聪慧的动物在一起的不可思议的体验将伴随我终生。A.confusing令人困惑的；B.similar相似的；C.incredible难以置信的；惊人的；不可思议的；D.bitter痛苦的。根据前文“Shestayedbymeandtookcareofmeforfourdays.”及“Igotmanyamazingpicturesduringthosefourdays.”可知，我与海豹在一起的经历是非常美妙的，不可思议的。故选C项。第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。WhenIwas14,myfatherandItookabiketriptoexploretheSidelingHillTunnel(隧道).Afterwe____11____(enter)thedarktunnel,Ishonemyflashlightaroundandsawwallscoveredingraffiti(涂鸦).____12____Iwasfrightened,withmyfather’sconstantencouragement,Imanagedtorideoutintothatbrightafternoonatlast.Thistripalwaysremindsmeofmyfather,____13____givesmethecouragetokeepridingthroughlife’sdarktunnels.【答案】11.entered 12.Although##Though##While13.who【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的一次和父亲的探险经历，这次经历让作者领会了要穿越生活的黑暗隧道。【11题详解】考查时态。句意：我们进入黑暗的隧道后，我用手电筒照了照四周，看到墙上满是涂鸦。逗号前在句中为时间状语从句，空处作从句的谓语，结合主句中shone和saw可知，空处的时态为一般过去时，所以填entered，故填entered。【12题详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管我很害怕，但是在父亲的不断鼓励下，最后我终于在那个晴朗的下午骑车出了隧道。结合空后“Iwasfrightened,withmyfather’sconstantencouragement,Imanagedtorideout”可知，逗号前的内容在句中为让步状语从句，所以此处填although/though/while，因处于句首，所以首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。【13题详解】考查定语从句。句意：这次旅行总是让我想起我的父亲，他给我勇气继续穿越生活的黑暗隧道。分析可知，空处及之后的内容为非限制性定语从句，先行词为myfather，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who，故填who。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Bandung,oneofIndonesia’smajorcities,isonly150kilometersfromJakarta,thecapital,butthedriveisatanaverageofthreehoursevenwithafreeway____14____(connect)thetwocities.Fortunately,ahigh-speedrailway____15____(fund)byChinaisduetoopenin2023,andthehours-longtravel____16____(cut)to40minutes.ItispartofChina’sBeltandRoadInitiative,andforIndonesia,thebeginningofabrandnewnetworkoftransportationacrossthecountry.【答案】14.connecting15.funded16.willbecut【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了由中国修建的连接印尼雅加达和万隆的高铁，它是中国“一带一路”倡议的一部分，对印度尼西亚来说，这是全国全新交通网络的开端。 【14题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：万隆是印尼的主要城市之一，距离首都雅加达只有150公里，但即使有高速公路连接两个城市，车程也平均需要3个小时。分析句子的结构可知，设空处为“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构，宾语afreeway和设空处之间为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作宾语补足语，故填connecting。【15题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的是，一条由中国投资的高铁将于2023年开通。设空处在句中作非谓语，和其逻辑主语ahigh-speedrailway之间是逻辑的被动关系。应用动词的过去分词的形式作后置定语。故填funded。【16题详解】考查谓语动词的时态和语态。句意：长达数小时的行程将缩短至40分钟。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语之间是被动关系，根据时间状语in2023，可知句子的时态为一般将来时，设空处为一般将来时的被动语态。故填willbecut。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。WhenKurtBenirschkestartedcollectingskin____17____(sample)fromrareandendangeredanimalsin1972,hedidn’thaveaclearplanon____18____couldbedonewiththem.HethensetupacollectionbankcalledtheFrozenZoo.Benirschkepassedawayin2018,____19____hiseffortsareverymuchalive.Today,theFrozenZooistheworld’s____20____(large)animalcryobank,withgeneticmaterialsfromover10,500animals.In2020,ababyhorseknownas“Kurt”wasborn,clonedusingcellsfromtheFrozenZoo.【答案】17.samples18.what19.but20.largest【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了库尔特·贝尼尔施克的生平和贡献。【17题详解】考查名词复数。句意：当库尔特·贝尼尔施克(KurtBenirschke)在1972年开始收集稀有和濒危动物的皮肤样本时，他并没有一个关于如何处理这些皮肤样本的明确计划。空处在句中作宾语，所以用名词。结合空后“rareandendangeredanimals”可知，此处指那些稀有和濒危动物的皮肤样本，所以为复数含义，故填samples。【18题详解】 考查宾语从句连接词。句意同上。分析可知，空处及之后的内容作介词on的宾语从句，空处作从句的主语，表示做什么，所以用连接代词what。故填what。【19题详解】考查连词。句意：贝尼尔施克于2018年去世，但他的成就仍然继续存在。分析句子可知，空处前后内容的关系为转折关系，所以填连词but，故填but。【20题详解】考查最高级。句意：今天，冷冻动物园是世界上最大的动物冷冻库，拥有超过10,500种动物的基因材料。结合空前theworld’s可知，此处用最高级。故填largest。第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATailoryourexperience,andmastertheEnglishlanguageinourexcitingandcomprehensivelanguageprogrammes.Chooseyourpreferredcity,andyou’llstudywithandbefriendotherinternationalstudents.OurEnglishLearningProgrammes·LearnEnglishinUniversitiesCourseshavebeendevelopedinpartnershipwithfamousuniversitiesinAustraliatoimproveyourEnglishlanguageskills.Youwillgettoexperiencecampuslifeabroad.·SmallGroupEnglishProgrammeTheseintensiveEnglishclassesarehostedindifferentlanguageschoolsalongtheeastcoast.Talktoourprogrammeadviserstochoosethebestlocation.·One-on-OneTutoringOurprogrammeorganizestailoredlearningexperiencesbasedonyourEnglishlearninggoals.YouwillliveinlocalfamiliesandhavechancestopractiseyouroralEnglish.·HighSchoolStudyAbroadTherearefewthingsinlifewhichcanmakeyoufeelmoregrown-uplikelivingandlearninginanothercountry.Packthiswithmanyfunculturalactivities.AndyouwillalsohaveopportunitiestoexperiencesciencesubjectstaughtinEnglish,suchaslessonsaboutrocksandminerals,plantsandanimals,andengineeringpractices.FourstepstogetintoourEnglishlearningprogrammesStepOne:Reviewtheprogrammeinformationandcompleteouronlineapplicationformtogettheballrolling StepTwo:Youwillhavea15-mininterviewwithyourprogrammeadvisertodiscussyourinterests,needs,destinationandduration.Withinthreedaysaftertheinterview,theadviserwillbeintouchbyemailtoletyouknowifyourapplicationhasbeensuccessful.Ifso,we’llsendyouaformaloffer.StepThree:Toconfirmyourplaceinourprogrammeyou’llneedtoreplytoourletterofofferandmakepaymentonlineaccordingtotheinstruction.Oncethishasbeendone,we’llsendyouthedocumentscontainingalltheinformationyou’llneedregardingyourstudytrip.StepFour:Onceyourflightshavebeenbooked,letusknowyourarrivaldetailssothatwecanorganizeairportpick-up.We’llbeexcitedtowelcomeyoutoourprogrammeinperson!21.IfHenrywantstotryabiologyclasstaughtinEnglish,hemayjoinin________.A.LearnEnglishinUniversitiesB.SmallGroupEnglishProgrammeC.One-on-OneTutoringD.HighSchoolStudyAbroad22.Whatshouldapplicantsdoafterreceivingaformaloffer?A.Replytotheletterandpaythecostforthestudytrip.B.Getintouchwiththeorganizertoconfirmthedestination.C.Reviewprogrammeinformationtoprepareforaninterview.D.Providetheprogrammeadviserwithpersonalneedsandgoals.23.Whoaretheintendedreadersofthispassage?A.PeopleplanningtoimprovetheirEnglish.BPeoplewillingtoapplyforEnglishteachingjobs.C.Peopleaimingtohelplearnersgoabroad.D.PeoplelovingtoshareEnglishlearningexperiences.【答案】21.D22.A23.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个英语学习项目及申请流程。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据“HighSchoolStudyAbroad”项目中第三句“AndyouwillalsohaveopportunitiestoexperiencesciencesubjectstaughtinEnglish,suchaslessonsaboutrocksandminerals,plantsandanimals,andengineeringpractices.(你将有机会体验用英语教授的科学课程，比如有关岩石和矿石，动植物和工程实践的课程)”可知，如果亨利想尝试英语授课的生物课，他可能会参加HighSchoolStudyAbroad。故选D项。 【22题详解】细节理解题。根据“StepThree”的第一句“Toconfirmyourplaceinourprogramme,you’llneedtoreplytoourletterofofferandmakepaymentonlineaccordingtotheinstruction.(为了确认你在项目中要去的地方，你需要回复收到的通知书并根据说明完成在线付款)”可知，在收到正式录取通知书后，申请人应回复函件并支付费用。故选A项。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Tailoryourexperience,andmastertheEnglishlanguageinourexcitingandcomprehensivelanguageprogrammes.(定制你的体验，并且在令人兴奋的全面的语言课程中掌握英语)”可推知，这篇文章的目标读者是打算提高英语水平的人。故选A项。BInmyeyes,mymotheriscapableofdoinganything,especiallychoressuchasironingandcooking.However,teachingherhowtousetheInternetisasfrustratingasuntangling(解开)wires.Once,mymothercametometoaskforhelponhowtofindarecipeforall-beefLasagna.Igaveherverysimpleverbal(口头的)instructions—gotothehomepageofaparticularsearchengineandtypein“recipeforall-beefLasagna.”Fifteenminuteslater,shecametome,tellingmethatshewasunabletofindtheInterneticon(图标).Iwentovertothecomputerandpointedouttheicontoher.AnotherfifteenminuteswentbywhenIfeltataponmyshoulder.Thistime,mymothersaidthatshewasunabletosearchfortheparticularrecipe.Gritting(咬)myteeth,Iwalkedtoherroomagain.Isawthatshehadtyped“allbeefLasaga”instead.Withfrustratedstrokes,Ikeyedinthecorrectspelling.Yetanotherfifteenminuteswentbyagainwhenmymothergingerlytappedmyshoulder.Istormednextdoorwithoutbotheringtohidemyfrustration.Themainpageofthewebsitehadnotshiftedonebit.Ithenrealisedthatshedidnotknowhowtoscrolldownthepage.Whathadinitiallyseemedlikeaneasytaskwasturningouttobeanintenseone.Toavoidbeingdisturbedagain,Idecidedtofindtherecipeforher.Withoutaword,Irapidlydownloadedafewrecipes,printedthemoutandpassedthemtomymother.However,seeingherembarrassment,Ibegantoregretmyimpatienceduringthewholeprocess.Atthatmoment,memoriesflashedthroughmymind.WhenIwasyoung,mymotherenduredmyendlessquestions,enlighteningmewithmuchpatience.NowthatIamolder,therolesslowlyreverse.Asmymothermayincreasinglyneedmyhelp,shouldn’tIrethinkhowtorespondtoherneeds?24.Theauthor’smothercouldn’tfindtherecipeonlinemainlybecauseshewas________.A.unfamiliarwithcomputersandtheInternet B.givenunclearinstructionsbytheauthorC.toodependentonherfamilymembersD.impatientatsearchingfortherecipe25.Whydidtheauthorprinttherecipesforhismotheratlast?A.Becausehewaspleasedtohelphismotherout.B.Becausehedidn’twanthismothertobeembarrassed.C.Becausehewasfedupwithhismother’sinterruption.D.Becausehethoughthismotherfavoredtheprintedversion.26.Whatmessagedoestheauthorwanttoconvey?A.Itiswisetoteachothersbyexamples.B.Forgivingothersisequaltoblessingoneself.C.Patienceandperseverancewillbefinallyrewarded.D.Puttingyourselfinothers’shoesisthekeytounderstanding.【答案】24.A25.C26.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要描述了母亲因不熟悉电脑而屡次向我求助，而我对她却越来越没有耐心，最后我终于意识到了自己的问题所在。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句“Fifteenminuteslater,shecametome,tellingmethatshewasunabletofindtheInterneticon(图标).”（15分钟之后，她来到我身边，说她找不到电脑图标。）及第三段第二句“Thistime,mymothersaidthatshewasunabletosearchfortheparticularrecipe.”（这次，母亲说她查找不到具体的食谱。）可知，母亲因为不会使用电脑，所以无法找到在线食谱。故选A项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Toavoidbeingdisturbedagain,Idecidedtofindtherecipeforher.”（为了避免被再次打扰，我决定帮她找到食谱。）可知，我为了不让母亲一直打扰我，所以亲自给她找到了食谱并打印出来。故选C项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句第三句“WhenIwasyoung,mymotherenduredmyendlessquestions,enlighteningmewithmuchpatience.NowthatIamolder,therolesslowlyreverse.”（当我小时候，母亲容忍了我的许多问题，带着极大的耐心启蒙我。现在我长大了，角色慢慢颠倒了。）可知，我开始反思自己对母亲的态度，并站在母亲的立场上考虑问题，说明了换位思考的重要性。故选D项。 CThetechnologyforspeech-recognitionsystemshasadvancedgreatlysinceitsappearanceinthe1950s.Manyvoicesystemscanunderstandthelanguagewhenspokenatanormalconversationalrate.Buteventheadvancedhuman-machineinterfaces(人机交互)usedtodayareunabletotrickthelistenersintothinkingacomputerisahuman.Whyisthis?Simplyput,it’sbecausehumanbeingsrelyonmorethanwordstoconveyideasorinterpretmessages,suchastones,facialexpressions,bodymovements,andobjectsintheworldaroundthem.Onesignificantrecentachievementinthefieldoftalkingcomputersisvirtualpersonalassistants(VPAs)onmobilephones.IfyoutellamobilephoneVPAthatyouwanttoschedulealunchwithafriend,itcansettheappointmentinyourphoneinseconds.TheVPAcanalsoholdabasic“conversation”andhasearnedfameforitselementarysenseofhumour.Still,thehumourispreprogrammedandcanbetriggeredonlywhenhumanusersspeakcertainkeywords.Whilethepotentialfor“real”communicationbetweenahumanandamachinemayseemexciting,thispossibilityconcernssomepeople.Someexpertsworryaboutpeople’sattachmenttothesemachinesandfearthattheartofsuccessfulhuman-to-humanconversationwillbeundevelopedinyoungergenerations.Theyworrythatpeoplewon’tbeabletodisplaytherightemotionortoneinconversationsbecausetheyhaven’tbeenpractisingthoseskills.Othersfearthatmachineswilltakeoverfunctionsthatweretraditionallyperformedbyhumans,suchascustomerservice.Anotherconcernoftenassociatedwiththedevelopmentofnewtechnologyistheinvasionofprivacy(侵犯隐私)．Whenpeopleusecertainspeech-recognitionapplications,theyleavebehindanaudiotrackoftheirspeech.WhenyouaskaVPAfordirections,yourspeechissentandsavedtoaremoteserverforprocessing.Thisdigitaltrailmayleadtodatamining,orthecollectionoflargequantitiesofpersonaldata.Fornow,however,thecontinuingevolutionofspeech-recognitionsoftwareisworthexpecting.Leadingcompaniesinthefieldhopetomakehumancommunicationwithmachinesasseamlessaspossible,justlikecommunicatingwithanotherhuman.27.Accordingtothepassage,whatcanaVPAdo?A.Entertainuserswithoriginaljokes.B.Makepeopleregarditasahuman.C.Holdpreprogrammedconversations.D.Displaytherighttonesinconversations.28Whichsituationreflectstheconcernsmentionedinthepassage?A.OneVPAservicewaspricedhigherforprotectingusers’privacy.B.AnairlineborehighcostsforapplyingVPAstoitsonlineservice.C.Anappfailedtooffertherightdirectionwhengivenspokeninstructions. D.SometeenagersbecamemoresociallyawkwardduetotheaddictiontoVPAs.29.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toinformreadersofthedouble-edgedqualityofanewtechnology.B.Toinspirereaderstoexplorethefutureofanewtechnology.C.Topromotetheapplicationofanewtechnology.D.Tostresstheconvenienceofanewtechnology.30.Whatmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheworriesoverVPAs.B.Talkingtotechnology.C.Theworldoftechnology.D.Listeningto“arealperson.”【答案】27.C28.D29.A30.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了语音识别技术不断的发展，但是再高级的技术也无法实现“真人发声”的效果，同时指出，语音识别技术可能会产生一些负面影响，比如侵犯个人隐私等，但是，就目前而言，语音识别软件的不断发展值得人们的期待。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“TheVPAcanalsoholdabasic“conversation”andhasearnedfameforitselementarysenseofhumour.Still,thehumourispreprogrammedandcanbetriggeredonlywhenhumanusersspeakcertainkeywords.(VPA还可以进行基本的“对话”，并因其基本的幽默感而声名鹊起。尽管如此，幽默是预先编程的，只有在人类用户说出某些关键词时才能触发。)”可知，尽管VPA可以进行基本的对话，甚至会在对话时有幽默感，但是这些幽默都是预先编程的，所以，VPA能够完成预先编程好的对话。故选C项。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Someexpertsworryaboutpeople’sattachmenttothesemachinesandfearthattheartofsuccessfulhuman-to-humanconversationwillbeundevelopedinyoungergenerations.(一些专家担心人们对这些机器的依恋，并担心成功的人与人对话的艺术在年轻一代中将得不到发展。)”可知，人们一旦对机器产生了依恋，那人与人对话的艺术在青年一代就可能得不到发展，分析选项可知，D项描述的现象与文中的担心有关。故选D项。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Onesignificantrecentachievementinthefieldoftalkingcomputersisvirtualpersonalassistants(VPAs)onmobilephones.IfyoutellamobilephoneVPAthatyouwanttoschedulealunchwithafriend,itcansettheappointmentinyourphoneinseconds.(在会说话的计算机领域，最近取得的一项重大成就是手机上的虚拟个人助理（VPA）。如果您告诉手机VPA 您想与朋友安排午餐，它可以在几秒钟内在您的手机中设置约会。)”可知，语音识别系统的开发，给人们带来了一些便利，再根据第三段中的“Whilethepotentialfor“real”communicationbetweenahumanandamachinemayseemexciting,thispossibilityconcernssomepeople.(虽然人与机器之间“真正”通信的潜力似乎令人兴奋，但这种可能性会使一些人担忧。)”以及下文中讲述的一些由语音识别技术产生的担忧问题可知，尽管人机交流的潜力令人兴奋，但是这也会使得人们产生一些担忧，由此可以判断，该文目的是告知读者技术的双面特点。故选A项。【30题详解】主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Thetechnologyforspeech-recognitionsystemshasadvancedgreatlysinceitsappearanceinthe1950s.Manyvoicesystemscanunderstandthelanguagewhenspokenatanormalconversationalrate.(自1950年代出现以来，语音识别系统技术取得了长足的进步。许多语音系统在以正常的会话速率说话时可以理解该语言。)”以及下文中讲述的语音识别系统的一些弊端，以及语音识别技术引发的一些问题，和最后一段中对语音识别系统开发的期待，可以判断全文均是讲解的语音识别系统的相关信息，所以“与技术对话”符合文章内容。故选B项。DApersoncouldbeforgivenforbelieving20yearsagothattheInternetwouldsoonrevolutioniseacademicpublishing,becauseitbecamepossibleforpublisherstospreadscholarlyworkattheclickofabutton—muchcheaperthanthetraditionalsubscription-based(订阅)model.Recognisingtheopportunity,manyscholarsandlibrariansbegantoadvocateanew,openaccessmodel,inwhicharticlesaremadefreelyavailableonlinetoanyone.Theresultwouldbeatrueonlinepubliclibraryofscience.However,morethantwodecadeslater,themovementhasmadeonlyslightprogress,andthetraditionalsubscription-basedmodelremainsentrenched.Fortunately,thingsarechanging.AbigshoedroppedwhentheUniversityofCalifornia(UC)Libraries,oneofthebiggestlibrarysystems,declinedtorenewitscontractwithElsevier,aleadingscientificpublisher.ElsevierwantedtheLibrariestopaytwofees:OneforitspackageoflicensedjournalsandtheotherfortheuseofElsevier’sopenaccessmodel.UCLibrarieswantedthelicensedjournalsfeetocovertheopenaccessfee;theyalsowantedopenaccesstoallUCresearchespublishedinElsevierjournals.Whenthetwosidescouldn’tcometoterms,theLibrarieswalkedaway.Actually,theopenaccessrevolutionismorelikelytobeledbyresearchfundingagencies,whocanusetheirpursepowertopromoteopenaccess.Ateamoffunders,CoalitionS,insistedthatanyresearchtheyfundshouldbepublishedinajournalthatmakesallofitsarticlesfreelyandimmediatelyavailabletothepublic,whichiscalledPlan-S. Nowthatsomelibrariansandfundersareflexingtheirmuscles,whatshouldacademicsdo?TheworstresponsewouldbetocomplainthatPlan-Sdeprives(剥夺)themofacademicfreedom.Somethoughtfulacademicsmightworrythatashifttoopenaccesswouldaffecttheirpromotion.Afterall,subscriptionjournalsaremorefamiliarandmoreprestigious(有威望的)inthecurrentsystem.However,ifenoughacademicssupportopenaccess,thesystemcouldreachatippingpointbeyondwhichsubscriptionsnolongersignalprestige.Reachingthatpointwouldtakeconsiderabletimeandefforts,butitispossible.Whenthejournalsystembeganin1665,itwaskindofaformofopenaccess.Journalsallowedacademicstolearnopenlyfromoneanother.Itwasonlyinthe1900sthatthejournalsystembecamethoroughlycommoditized(商品化).Nowisthetimetobringitbacktoitsroots.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordprobablymean?A.Uncertain.B.Rooted.C.Limited.D.Popular.32.WhatisthecoreoffailednegotiationbetweenUCLibrariesandElsevier?A.Thedurationofthecontract.B.Thewayofpayment.C.Thechargeforopenaccessmodel.D.Thechoiceoflicensedjournals.33.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Academicswelcomeopenaccessmodelwithfullheart.B.Openaccessmodelwillsoonachieveadominantposition.C.Publishersarewillingtoabandonthesubscriptionmodelgradually.D.Establishingatrueonlinepubliclibraryofsciencerequiresjointefforts.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheopenaccessmodel?A.Critical.B.Supportive.C.Disapproving.D.Indifferent.【答案】31.D32.C33.D34.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了建立一个真正的在线科学公共图书馆所遇到的问题以及其建立需要大家共同的努力。【31题详解】词句猜测题。根据上句“However,morethantwodecadeslater,themovementhasmadeonlyslightprogress(然而，20多年过去了，这一运动只取得了微小的进展)”可知，传统的订阅模式依然很受欢迎。由此推知，划线词entrenched与popular(受欢迎的)意思相近。故选D。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“ElsevierwantedtheLibrariestopaytwofees:Oneforitspackageoflicensed journalsandtheotherfortheuseofElsevier’sopenaccessmodel.UCLibrarieswantedthelicensedjournalsfeetocovertheopenaccessfee;theyalsowantedopenaccesstoallUCresearchespublishedinElsevierjournals.Whenthetwosidescouldn’tcometoterms,theLibrarieswalkedaway.(爱思唯尔希望图书馆支付两笔费用：一笔是它的授权期刊包，另一笔是使用爱思唯尔的开放获取模式。加州大学图书馆希望授权期刊费能覆盖开放存取费；他们还希望开放加州大学在爱思唯尔期刊上发表的所有研究。当双方无法达成协议时，图书馆离开了)”可推知，开放获取模式收费是UC图书馆和爱思唯尔谈判失败的核心问题。故选C。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“However,ifenoughacademicssupportopenaccess,thesystemcouldreachatippingpointbeyondwhichsubscriptionsnolongersignalprestige.Reachingthatpointwouldtakeconsiderabletimeandefforts,butitispossible.(然而，如果有足够多的学者支持开放获取，该系统可能会达到一个临界点，超过这个临界点，订阅就不再意味着声望。要达到这一点需要相当长的时间和努力，但这是可能的)”可推知，建立一个真正的在线科学公共图书馆需要共同努力。故选D。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Itwasonlyinthe1900sthatthejournalsystembecamethoroughlycommoditized(商品化).Nowisthetimetobringitbacktoitsroots.(直到20世纪，期刊系统才彻底商品化。现在是时候让它回归本源了)”可推知，作者对开放存取模式的态度是支持的。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。WhyWeListentoMusicwithLyrics(歌词)WeDon’tUnderstandFromFrenchelectronictoK-popandSpanishjazz,it’scommonforustolistentosongswedon’tnecessarilyunderstand.____35____.Sometimes,weevensingalongtothemwithoutknowingthedictionarymeaningoflyrics.Butwhy?Itallstartswithwhat’scalled“soundsymbolism(语音表意),”whichreferstothestudyoftherelationshipsbetweenutterances(发声)andtheirmeaning.Inmusic,there’ssomethingabouttheappealofwordsassounds,beyondtheirmeaninginalanguage.____36____.Thismightexplainwhywearefondofasongevenwithoutknowingitslyrics.____37____.Oneexampleofsuchtechniquesisscale(音阶).Songsinmajorscalesarebrighterorhappier,whileminorscalesusuallysoundslightlydarkerorbluer.Ourbrainiswiredtorespondtoacertainsound,andourbreathingandevenourmovementgowiththesoundwehear.____38____.Besides,elementsofsoundandmusic,likepitch,melodyorharmony,alsohaveanaffective,emotional,andevenphysicalimpactonlisteners.Throughacomplexoftheseelements,musicaddssomuchmeaninganddimensiontolyrics.Thatistosay,thecombinationof allthesecreatesthemeaningfarbeyondthelyrics’dictionarymeaning.____39____.Lyricsarepowerfultoolsforhelpingusrecognise,expressandreflectouremotions.Allinall,there’svalueinwhateverimmediateappealwefindinthemusicwelistento,whetherornotweunderstandthewords.Music,afterall,isauniversallanguage.A.Theinterrelationshipofmelodyandpitchisimportant.B.Thisiswhyfast-pacedmusicissopopularforrunning.C.Ofcourse,thisisn’ttoignoretheimportanceoflyricsinmusic.D.Thingslikeamusician’simagealsohelpconveymeaningthroughsongs.E.So,whenlisteningtoaforeignsong,weenjoythelyricsassoundsandnotwords.F.Itseemsthatnotknowingthelanguageofthelyricsdoesn’tstopusfromlikingasong.G.Somemusicaltechniquesandelementscanalsohelpconveycertainmoodsandmessages.【答案】35.F36.E37.G38.B39.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章解释了生活中人们虽然不懂歌曲中歌词，但人们一样喜欢这些歌曲的原因。【35题详解】根据前文“FromFrenchelectronictoK-popandSpanishjazz,it’scommonforustolistentosongswedon’tnecessarilyunderstand.”（从法国电子音乐到韩国流行音乐和西班牙爵士乐，我们经常听我们不一定能听懂的歌曲。）描述了生活中普遍存在我们经常听我们不一定能听懂的歌曲。下文“Sometimes,weevensingalongtothemwithoutknowingthedictionarymeaningoflyrics.”（有时候，我们甚至不知道歌词的字典意思就跟着唱。）表明人们会跟唱自己喜欢的歌曲，即使不懂歌曲的语言。因而空处可以描述不明白歌曲的语言并不阻碍我们喜欢听歌曲。选项F.“似乎不知道歌词的语言并不能阻止我们喜欢一首歌。”切题，故选F。【36题详解】根据上文“Inmusic,there’ssomethingabouttheappealofwordsassounds,beyondtheirmeaninginalanguage.”（在音乐中，单词作为声音的吸引力超越了它们在语言中的意义。）说明音乐中人们享受的是歌唱者的声音的吸引力。下文“Thismightexplainwhywearefondofasongevenwithoutknowingitslyrics.”（这也许可以解释为什么我们即使不知道歌词也会喜欢一首歌。）说明人们会因为享受歌唱者的声音而喜欢一首歌。所以空处应承上启下，讲述人们在听外文歌曲的时候，是在享受声音而不是听歌词。选项E.“所以，当我们听一首外国歌曲时，我们喜欢的是歌词的声音，而不是歌词。”切题，故选E。【37题详解】 根据下文“Oneexampleofsuchtechniquesisscale(音阶).Songsinmajorscalesarebrighterorhappier,whileminorscalesusuallysoundslightlydarkerorbluer.”（这种技巧的一个例子是音阶。大音阶的歌曲更愉快或者更快乐，而小音阶的歌曲通常听起来更忧郁或者更悲伤。）说明音乐中是会用到一些技巧来实现情绪的表达。因而空处应表述某些技巧会用在音乐中来表达情绪和信息。选项G.“一些音乐技巧和元素也可以帮助传达特定的情绪和信息。”切题，故选G。【38题详解】结合前文“Ourbrainiswiredtorespondtoacertainsound,andourbreathingandevenourmovementgowiththesoundwehear.”（我们的大脑会对特定的声音做出反应，我们的呼吸，甚至我们的动作都会随着我们听到的声音而变化。）说明人们会随着听到的音乐在动作上做出相应的变化。下文“Besides,elementsofsoundandmusic,likepitch,melodyorharmony,alsohaveanaffective,emotional,andevenphysicalimpactonlisteners.”（此外，声音和音乐元素，如音高，旋律或和声，也会对听众的情感，情绪，甚至身体都会影响。）表明声音和音乐元素会影响听众的情感，情绪，甚至身体的动作。因而空处应承接前文，讲述音乐对人们的行为影响的一个具体表现。选项B.“这就是为什么快节奏的音乐在跑步中如此流行。”表明人们会结合快节奏的音乐调整自己的动作，切题，故选B。【39题详解】根据下文“Lyricsarepowerfultoolsforhelpingusrecognise,expressandreflectouremotions.”（歌词是帮助我们识别、表达和反映情感的有力工具。）表明歌词同样有着作用。所以空处应该讲述歌词的作用也不能忽视。选项C.“当然，这并不是忽视歌词在音乐中的重要性。”切题，故选C。第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。HowtoStopOverthinkingWeallhavetimeswhenweworry,whetherit’saboutwork,health,family,relationshipsorahostofotherreasons.Butisthereapointwhenyoumaythinkandworrytoomuch?Overthinkingisanunhealthyhabitthattypicallycausesmorestressbyfocusingonthenegativeinsteadofcomingupwithlogicalsolutions.Forexample,wemaystartworryingaboutaspecificsituationatwork,whichleadstoworryingaboutmoneyorlosingjobs.Butwhydowetendtooverthink?Thisisoftenduetocognitiveerrors,whicharebasicallyerrorsinlogicalthinking,suchasall-or-nothingthinkingandovergeneralisation.Althoughoverthinkingishardtobreak,NatachaDuke,aregisteredpsychotherapist,outlinesstrategiesthatcanhelp.“Healthydistractioncanbeuseful,”saysDuke.Activitieslikereadingandtakingawalkcanhelpkeepourstress levelsdown.Theycanreduceourbaselinelevelofanxietyandmakeuslesslikelytooverthink.Dukeadds,“Keepingadailyjournalcanhelpusactivelymanagestressbeforeourfeelingsexpandoutofcontrol.”Aswepractisejournalingouremotionsandthoughts,itbecomeseasiertoidentifywhenwe’restartingtoworry.Stoppingworryingearlywillultimatelyhelpusfeelbetterandstayfocusedonwhatmattersmosttous.Somepeopleconstantlythinkaboutquestionslike“WhatifIlosemyjob?”or“WhatifIgetsick?”Whilehavingthesethoughtsisnormal,itbecomesaproblemwhenwefocusonlyontheworst-casesituation.“Forevery‘whatif’worry,changethistoan‘ifthen’statementwhereyoucomeupwithideastodealwiththeworryortheworst-casesituation,”saysDuke.“Focusonhavingaconcreteplaninplace.”So,facetheproblems,thenchallengeandreframethem.Finally,wewilldevelopeffectivewaystocopewithoverthinking.40.Whatisoverthinking?________________41.Whatcausesoverthinking?________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Amancanstopoverthinkingifhechanges“whatif”questionsto“ifthen”statements,becauseithelpshimfocusontheworst-casesituation.________________43.Besidesthesuggestionsmentionedinthepassage,whatotheradvicewillyougivetoapersonwhoisalwaysoverthinking?________________【答案】40.Overthinkingisanunhealthyhabitthattypicallycausesmorestressbyfocusingonthenegativeinsteadofcomingupwithlogicalsolutions.41.Thisisoftenduetocognitiveerrors,whicharebasicallyerrorsinlogicalthinking,suchasall-or-nothingthinkingandovergeneralisation.42.Amancanstopoverthinkingifhechanges“whatif”questionsto“ifthen”statements,becauseithelpshimfocusontheworst-casesituation.Whilehavingthesethoughtsisnormal,itbecomesaproblemwhenwefocusonlyontheworst-casesituation.Therefore,Amancanstopoverthinkingifhechanges“whatif”questionsto“ifthen”statements,becauseitcanstophimfocusontheworst-casesituation.43.Seekingprofessionalhelpisalsoaneffectivewaytocopewithoverthinking.Theycangiveusbetteradvicewhichwillhelpusfeelbetterandstayfocusedonwhatmattersmosttous. 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了停止过度思考的方法。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Overthinkingisanunhealthyhabitthattypicallycausesmorestressbyfocusingonthenegativeinsteadofcomingupwithlogicalsolutions.(过度思考是一种不健康的习惯，通常会因为关注消极的一面而不是提出合理的解决方案而导致更多的压力)”可知，过度思考是一种不健康的习惯，通常会因为关注消极的一面而不是提出合理的解决方案而导致更多的压力。故答案为Overthinkingisanunhealthyhabitthattypicallycausesmorestressbyfocusingonthenegativeinsteadofcomingupwithlogicalsolutions.【41题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Thisisoftenduetocognitiveerrors,whicharebasicallyerrorsinlogicalthinking,suchasall-or-nothingthinkingandovergeneralisation(这通常是由于认知错误，这基本上是逻辑思维中的错误，比如孤注一掷的思维和过度概括)”可知，过度思考是由于认知错误，这基本上是逻辑思维中的错误所造成的。故答案为Thisisoftenduetocognitiveerrors,whicharebasicallyerrorsinlogicalthinking,suchasall-or-nothingthinkingandovergeneralisation.【42题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Somepeopleconstantlythinkaboutquestionslike“WhatifIlosemyjob?”or“WhatifIgetsick?”Whilehavingthesethoughtsisnormal,itbecomesaproblemwhenwefocusonlyontheworst-casesituation(有些人经常会想这样的问题：“如果我失业了怎么办?”或者“如果我生病了怎么办?”虽然有这些想法很正常，但当我们只关注最坏的情况时，它就会成为一个问题)”以及“Forevery‘whatif’worry,changethistoan‘ifthen’statementwhereyoucomeupwithideastodealwiththeworryortheworst-casesituation,”saysDuke.“Focusonhavingaconcreteplaninplace.”(对于每一个“如果”的担忧，把它变成一个“如果”的陈述，在那里你想出了解决担忧或最坏情况的方法，杜克说。专注于制定一个具体的计划)”故答案为Amancanstopoverthinkingifhechanges“whatif”questionsto“ifthen”statements,becauseithelpshimfocusontheworst-casesituation.Whilehavingthesethoughtsisnormal,itbecomesaproblemwhenwefocusonlyontheworst-casesituation.Therefore,Amancanstopoverthinkingifhechanges“whatif”questionsto“ifthen”statements,becauseitcanstophimfocusontheworst-casesituation.【43题详解】开放性试题。Seekingprofessionalhelpisalsoaneffectivewaytocopewithoverthinking.Theycangiveusbetteradvicewhichwillhelpusfeelbetterandstayfocusedonwhatmattersmosttous.第二节(20分)44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。为了丰富生活，你所在的班级开展了“家务小能手” 主题展示活动。你的英国好友Jim得知情况后，来信询问有关信息。请你回复一封电子邮件，内容包括：1．活动内容;2．收获及感受。提示词：家务小能手展示活动HouseworkTalentShow注意：1．词数100左右;2．开头和结尾己给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearJim,I’mdelightedtohearfromyourecently.LearningthatyouareinterestedintheHouseworkTalentShowactivity,I’dliketosharemyideaswithyou.Tostartwith,inordertoenrichourschoollife,ourclasslaunchedsuchanactivity.Itappealstoallstudentstomakeeffortstohelptheirparentsinthehousework.Studentscouldeithertakepicturesoftheirhelpinghandinthedailylifeorposttheirassistanceworkonline.Eventually,allthestudents’performanceswillbedisplayedontheschool’sadvertisingboard,andthewinnerwillbegivenaswell.Byparticipatinginthisactivity,itnotonlyhelpsmerealizethehardshipsofmyparents,butalsoinspiresmetostudyhard.Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生给英国好友Jim回复一封电子邮件，向其介绍班级开展的“家务小能手”主题展示活动。【详解】1.词汇积累高兴的：delighted→pleased首先：tostartwith→tobeginwith举办：launch→hold 参与：participatein→takepartin2.句式拓展同义句转换原句：Eventually,allthestudents’performanceswillbedisplayedontheschool’sadvertisingboard,andthewinnerwillbegivenaswell.转换句：Eventually,allthestudents’performanceswillbedisplayedontheschool’sadvertisingboard,wherethewinnerwillbegivenaswell.【点睛】【高分句型1】LearningthatyouareinterestedintheHouseworkTalentShowactivity,I’dliketosharemyideaswithyou.（运用了现在分词作状语）【高分句型2】Byparticipatinginthisactivity,itnotonlyhelpsmerealizethehardshipsofmyparents,butalsoinspiresmetostudyhard.（运用了notonly...butalso...的句式）