北京市丰台区2022-2023学年高三英语上学期期末试卷（Word版附解析）

丰台区2022~2023学年度第一期期末练习高三英语笔试（共三部分100分）第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Iwasluckyenoughtotestintothebesthighschoolinthecity.Butthencamemy___1___:AmIgoodenough?Itwasaquestionthat___2___methroughmyfirstmonth,evenasbegantosettlein,evenasIgotusedtotheearlymorningwake-upsandmovingbetweenbuildingsforclass.IknewIhadtoworktogroundmyself.Myearlieststrategyinvolvedkeepingquietandtryingto___3___mynewclassmates.Whowerethesekidsanyway?Howdidtheylearninschool?AllIknewwasthattheywerethesmartestkidsinthecity,obviously.___4___wasn’tIaswell?Hadn’tIlandedherebecauseIwassmartlikethem?ThetruthisthatIdidn’tknow.This___5___waslikeadeadlycellthatthreatenedtodivideanddivideagain,unlessIcouldfindsomewaytostopit.Fortunately,myfirstroundofgradesturnedouttobe___6___,andsodidmysecond.Overthecourseofmyfirsttwoyears,Ibegantobuildthesamekindof___7___I’dhadatmypreviousschool.Witheachlittleachievement,mydoubt___8___tookleave.Ilovedanysubjectthatinvolvedwritingandlaboredthroughmath.Ihadclassmateswhowerealwaysasteportwoaheadofme,whoseachievementsseemedeffortless,butItriednottoletthatgettome.IwasbeginningtounderstandthatifIputinextrahoursofstudying,Icouldoften___9___thegap.Iwasn’tastraight-Astudent,butIwasalways_____10_____andImadeprogress.1.A.excitementB.satisfactionC.angerD.worry2.A.freedB.doggedC.warmedD.guided3.A.observeB.admireC.supportD.calm4.A.OrB.SoC.ButD.For5.A.guessB.doubtC.interestD.risk6.A.excellentB.averageC.differentD.unique7.A.responsibilityB.friendshipC.confidenceD.teamwork8.A.suddenlyB.frequentlyC.accidentallyD.slowly9.A.closeB.noticeC.locateD.create,10.A.expectingB.tryingC.wonderingD.suffering【答案】1.D2.B3.A4.C5.B6.A7.C8.D9.A10.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者转到城里最好的高中之后的适应过程。从刚开始的自我怀疑，取得了小成绩之后，疑虑慢慢消失，找回自信，并坚持一直努力，到最后取得成绩和进步。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但随之而来的是我的担忧：我足够好吗？A.excitement兴奋；B.satisfaction满意；C.anger生气；D.worry担忧。根据后文“AmIgoodenough?(我够好吗？)”可知，作者对自己有所怀疑和担忧。故选D项。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个问题在我入学的第一个月里一直困扰着我，即使我已经开始适应，即使我已经习惯了清晨起床，在教学楼之间穿梭上课。A.freed释放；B.dogged(长期)困扰；C.warmed温暖；D.guided带领。根据后文“throughmyfirstmonth(在我的第一个月)”的时间长度可推知，这个问题困扰着作者很长一段时间。故选B项。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最早的策略是保持安静，尽力观察我的新同学。A.observe观察；B.admire钦佩；C.support支持；D.calm使平静下来。根据后文“Whowerethesekidsanyway?Howdidtheylearninschool?(这些孩子到底是谁?他们在学校是怎么学习的?)”可知，作者观察班里的同学。故选A项。【4题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：但我不也是吗？A.Or或者；B.So因此；C.But但是；D.For因为。分析语境可知，前文“AllIknewwasthattheywerethesmartestkidsinthecity,obviously.(我只知道他们显然是城里最聪明的孩子)”作者认为新的同学们都很聪明，后文“__4__wasn’tIaswell?(我不也是吗？)”则是对自己的怀疑，前后文之间为转折关系。故选C项。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种怀疑就像一个致命的细胞，威胁着要分裂再分裂，除非我能找到办法阻止它。A.guess猜测；B.doubt怀疑；C.interest使感兴趣；D.risk冒风险。分析句子可知，“This”指代前文“___4___wasn’tIaswell?Hadn’tIlandedherebecauseIwassmartlikethem?(但我不也是吗？我来到这里不就是因为我和他们一样聪明吗？)”，这是作者初到新的学校和班级时对自己的怀疑。故选B项。【6题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我的第一轮成绩很优秀，第二轮也是如此。A.excellent极好的；B.average普通的；C.different不同的；D.unique独一无二的。根据“Fortunately(幸运地是)”可推知，作,者第一轮的成绩应该很好。故选A项。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在最初的两年里，我开始建立起和在上一所学校时一样的信心。A.responsibility责任；B.friendship友谊；C.confidence信心；D.teamwork团队合作。根据前文“Fortunately,myfirstroundofgradesturnedouttobe___6___,andsodidmysecond.(幸运的是，我的第一轮成绩很优秀，第二轮也是如此)”可知，作者的成绩保持的很好，这让作者有了信心。故选C项。【8题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着每一项小小的成就，我的疑虑慢慢消失了。A.suddenly突然；B.frequently频繁地；C.accidentally意外地；D.slowly缓慢地。根据前文“Witheachlittleachievement(每一个小小的成就)”可知，随着每取得一点成绩，作者的自我怀疑就消失了，与“little”相呼应，这里应是“slowly”，表达“慢慢地消失”。故选D项。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始明白，如果我多花几个小时学习，我经常可以缩小这种差距。A.close缩小；B.notice注意；C.locate位于；D.create创造。分析语境可知，“thegap(差距)”应是指前文“alwaysasteportwoaheadofme”提及的与成绩好的同学之间的差距，作者认为通过努力，可以缩小这种差距。故选A项。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不是一个优等生，但我一直在努力，而且我取得了进步。A.expecting期待；B.trying努力；C.wondering想知道；D.suffering遭受。根据后文“Imadeprogress(我取得了进步)”可知，作者取得了进步是因为付出了努力。故选B项。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Garyisachildren’sbookauthor.Hefirstbecame____11____(interest)incartoonartwhenhewasachild.Heenjoyedwritingstoriesabouthischaractersandsharing____12____(they)withothers.However,hewasquitedisappointedwhentheadultspraisedhiscartoonworksjustoutofpoliteness.____13____(improve)thisawkwardsituation,Garystartedwritingfunnystories.He____14____(know)evenpoliteadultscouldnotpretendalaugh.【答案】11.interested12.them13.Toimprove14.knew,【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了加里是一名儿童图书作家，他喜欢写关于他笔下人物的故事，并与他人分享。但是，有时候人们却是处于礼貌对其作品进行称赞，于是，他开始写一些真正有趣的故事以改变这种尴尬的局面。【11题详解】考查形容词。句意：他第一次对漫画艺术产生兴趣是在他还是个孩子的时候。分析可知，所填词在句中作表语，应是形容词，结合主语为“He”，表人物，应是-ed结尾的形容词“interested”，“becomeinterestedin”，“对……感兴趣”。故填interested。【12题详解】考查人称代词宾格。句意：他喜欢写关于他笔下人物的故事，并与他人分享。分析可知，所填词在句中作宾语，应是用人称代词宾格形式。故填them。【13题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：为了改善这种尴尬的局面，加里开始写一些有趣的故事。分析可知，所填词在句中作目的状语，用动词不定式。故填Toimprove。【14题详解】考查时态。句意：他知道即使是有礼貌的成年人也不会假装笑。分析可知，所填词在句中作谓语动词，结合前文语境可知用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填knew。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。SavingnatureisattheveryheartofwhatwedoasWWF.Weprotectwildlife____15____manyreasons.Itisasourceofinspiration.Itboostsasenseofwonder.Itisfundamentaltothebalanceofnature.Inourwork,WWFfocusesonsavingpopulationsofthemost____16____(importance)speciesinthewild.Finally,byprotectingspecies,wesavethisbeautifulandirreplaceableplanet____17____iscalledhome.【答案】15.for16.important17.which##that【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。拯救自然是世界自然基金会的核心，文章介绍了其工作内容和重要性。【15题详解】考查介词。句意：我们保护野生动物有很多原因。根据后文“Itisasourceofinspiration.Itboostsasenseof,wonder.Itisfundamentaltothebalanceofnature.(这是灵感的来源。它增强了一种惊奇感。这是自然平衡的基础。)”可知，此处是指我们保护野生动物有很多原因，所以应用介词for表示“因为”。故填for。【16题详解】考查形容词。句意：在我们的工作中，世界自然基金会致力于拯救野生动物中最重要的物种。修饰名词species应用形容词important表示“重要的”作定语。故填important。【17题详解】考查定语从句。句意：最后，通过保护物种，我们拯救了这个被称为家园的美丽而不可替代的星球。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为planet，所以应用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Schlossandherpartnersetouttofindout____18____peoplelikecertaincolorsmorethanothers.Theirstudiessuggestthatcolorpreference____19____(cause)byhowsomeonefeelsaboutobjectsofthatcolor.Forexample,peopleoftenlikeblue____20____itremindsthemofclearskiesandcleanwater.Ontheotherhand,peopletendtoshyawayfrombrownbecausetheyareremindedofthefoodthathasgonebad.【答案】18.why19.iscaused20.because【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究表明人们会偏爱某些颜色，并介绍了这种现象产生的原因。【18题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：施洛斯和她的搭档着手研究为什么人们更喜欢某些颜色。根据下文内容可知，下文解释的是人们为什么对颜色有偏好的原因。故填why。【19题详解】考查动词语态。句意：他们的研究表明，颜色偏好是由某人对这种颜色的物体的感觉造成的。句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；colorpreference和cause之间为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，preference为不可数名词。故填iscaused。【20题详解】考查原因状语从句。句意：例如，人们经常喜欢蓝色，因为它让他们想起晴朗的天空和干净的水。根据句,意可知，人们经常喜欢蓝色，因为它让他们想起晴朗的天空和干净的水，应用because引导从句，意为“因为”。故填because。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AExploreyourworld—MirthyOnlineeventstohelpyoudiscover,learnandconnectWhoisMirthy?Mirthyisoneofthemostpopularwebsitesforonlineeventsandalreadylovedandtrustedbymorethan45,000people.Itwasdesignedtocreateaninclusivecommunitywherepeoplecanlearnshareandconnectwithothersthroughavarietyofeventsthatareactive,sociable,anduplifting.It’sallaboutfulfilmentandwellbeing.Therearesomeonlineeventseachmonthtotry,fromcraftworkshops(手工工坊)tofitnesssessions.Forexample,accordingtooureventcalendar,thisweekyoucanattendgardeningclassesandsinginglessons.Sowhetheryouhaveadesiretogetfitterortopickupanewskill—signingupforclassesandeventswithMirthycouldbejustwhatyouhavebeenlookingfor.Howdoesitwork?SignupviatheonlineregistrationformatMirthy.com.Thenyoucantakealookthroughthecalendarofupcomingeventsandseewhattakesyourfancy.Onceyouregisterforaneventyouwillthenreceivealinkonemailreadyforyoutojointheliveevent.Ifyourplanschangeandyoucan’tmakeit,youwillreceivealinkfora7-dayreplaythatyoucanwatchatatimethatisconvenientforyou!Bestofall,it’scompletelyFREEtojoinJoinMirthyforfreetodayandyoucanenjoyany4eventseverymonth,forfree!Ifyou’reupformore,thenyoucaneitherselectandbookadditionaleventsonapay-as-you-gobasis,normallyfor£2.99each,oryoucanupgradetothePremiummembershipgivingyoufullfreeaccesstoalleventsforonly£4.99permonth.IfyouchoosetogoforthePremiummembership,there’snocontract.Yousimplyupgradeyourmembershipandyoucancancelanytime.21.WhatcanpeopledoatMirthythisweek?A.Makeartcrafts.B.Talkaboutfitnessexperience.C.Learnsongs.D.Studywildplantsandanimals.,22.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMirthy?A.Peoplecansignupfortheeventsonline.B.Theeventscanbewatchedagainatanytime.C.Peoplecanupgradetheirmembershipforfree.D.Nomorethan4eventsareofferedeachmonth.23.What’sthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.Tosharealifestyle.B.Torecommendawebsite.C.Tointroduceonlineevents.D.Toexplainaregistrationprocess.【答案】21.C22.A23.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。Mirthy是最受欢迎的在线活动网站之一，已经受到45000多人的喜爱和信任。文章对这个网站进行了推广和宣传。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Forexample,accordingtooureventcalendar,thisweekyoucanattendgardeningclassesandsinginglessons.(例如，根据我们的活动日历，本周你可以参加园艺课和歌唱课。)”可知，本周人们可以在Mirthy学习歌曲。故选C。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“SignupviatheonlineregistrationformatMirthy.com.(通过Mirthy.com的在线注册表注册。)”可知，人们可以在线报名参加Mirthy的活动，所以选项A正确。故选A。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据标题“Exploreyourworld—Mirthy(探索你的世界——Mirthy)”和第一段第一句“Mirthyisoneofthemostpopularwebsitesforonlineeventsandalreadylovedandtrustedbymorethan45,000people.(Mirthy是最受欢迎的在线活动网站之一，已经受到45000多人的喜爱和信任。)”可知，这篇文章的目的是推荐一个网站。故选B。BItwasaweekaftermymomhadpassedawayandIdidn’tknowhowtogoonwithlife.SowhenIreceivedanemailfromafriendaboutaracebenefitingcancerresearch,Iignoredit.Itseemedtoprickmyheart,ascancerwasthediseasethathadtakenmymotherawayfromme.Butsomethingaboutmyfriend’swords—“Icanhelporganizethewholething”—stuckwithme.Ifeltobliged（有义务的）toagree.Intheweekstocome,Imanagedtore-entertheworldoftheliving.Icheckedourteam’swebsitedaily,feelingproudeachtimeadonationtickedupourtotal.Iknewmymomwouldhavewanteditthat,way.Shewasthetypewhonevergotdefeated.Itwasthisveryspiritthathelpedmegetby.Whentheraceended,Inoticedtherunnersallhadonethingincommon:Therewerebigsmilesontheirfaces.Theymadeitlooksorewardingandeffortless.Iwantedin.SoIenrolledinanotherracetwomonthslater.ConsideringIcouldbarelyrunamile,itwasambitious.ButmyfriendandImadeatrainingplansoIwouldn’tcomeinlast.Ifolloweditreligiouslyanddidn’tletanythinggetinmyway.Runningupanddownthecity’shills,Iwasfloodedwithmemories.Ihadlivedthereaftercollegeandmymotherhadvisitedoften.IpassedBloomingdale’s,recallingthetimesheandIhadgottenintoascreamingargumentthere.IwasabouttobeatmyselfupwhenIrememberedwhatMomhadsaidafterherdiagnosisofcancer.“Idon’twantyoutofeelguiltyaboutanything.”Herpaper-thinhandshadheldmetightly.Aweightliftedfrommyshoulders.Whentheracedayarrived,Igaveitmyallformymomandforallshehadtaughtmeandcontinuedtoteachme.AsIran,wheneverIfeltlikeslowingdown,Ipicturedhercheeringmeon.Crossingthefinishline,Iwasfilledwithherloveandasenseofpeace.24.Whydidtheauthorignoretheemailinthebeginning?A.Shefeltithardtofinishtherace.B.Shehadnotimetojoinintheevent.C.Shethoughttheresearchmeaningless.D.Shewasremindedofhermother’sdeath.25.Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorrecoverfromhermom’sdeath?A.Thecompanyofherfriends.B.Theinspirationfromhermom.C.Thepleasureingoingforarun.D.Thesuccessinorganizinganevent.26.Whichofthewordscanbestdescribetheauthor’smom?A.Considerateandpolite.B.Braveandhumorous.C.Strong-willedandcaring.D.Outgoingandpatient.27.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowIGotHealedinRunningB.TheLossofSweetMemoriesC.WhatMattersMostinRunningD.TheRewardsofGreatFriendship【答案】24.D25.B26.C27.A【解析】,【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者母亲去世之后，作者对母亲的回忆及母亲赐予作者的力量，使他能够从悲伤中走出来，积极面对生活。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句“Itseemedtoprickmyheart,ascancerwasthediseasethathadtakenmymotherawayfromme.”（这件事似乎刺痛了我的心，正是癌症夺去了我母亲的生命。）可知这个比赛使作者想起了因癌症过世的母亲。故选D项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“Shewasthetypewhonevergotdefeated.Itwasthisveryspiritthathelpedmegetby.”（她是那种永远不会被打败的人。正是这种精神帮助我度过那段艰难的时期。）可知，母亲永不言败的精神支撑作者从悲伤中恢复。故选B项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段第六句“Shewasthetypewhonevergotdefeated.”（她是那种永远不会被打败的人。）可知作者的母亲意志力坚强，并结合第六段第二句“Idon’twantyoutofeelguiltyaboutanything.”（我不希望你对任何事情感到内疚。）说明母亲关心爱护作者。所以作者母亲是一个意志坚强，又体贴的人。故选C项。【27题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段第二句“AsIran,wheneverIfeltlikeslowingdown,Ipicturedhercheeringmeon.Crossingthefinishline,Iwasfilledwithherloveandasenseofpeace.”（在赛跑的时候，每当我想慢下来的时候，就会看到母亲鼓励我的画面。通过终点线时，我内心充满了她的关爱和一种平和感。）并结合上文作者对母亲的回忆，可知母亲治愈了作者，正是母亲的鼓励，他才能完成比赛。故选A项。COvermillionsofyearshumanshaverespondedtocertainsituationswithoutthinkingtoohard.Ifourancestorsspottedmovementinthenearbyforest,theywouldrunfirstandquestionlater.Atthesametime,theabilitytoanalyzeandtoplanispartofwhatseparatesusfromotheranimals.Thequestionofwhentotrustyourinstinct(直觉)andwhentothinkslowmattersintheofficeasmuchasinthesavannah(草原).Slowthinkingisthefeatureofawell-managedworkplace.Yetinstinctalsohasitsplace.Somedecisionsaremoreconnectedtoemotionalresponsesandlesstoanalysis.Indemandingcustomer-serviceorpublic-facingsituations,instinctisoftenabetterguidetohowtobehave.Instinctcanalsobeimproved.Plentyofresearchhasshownthatinstinctbecomesmoreunerringwithexperience.Inonewell-knownexperiment,volunteerswereaskedtoassesswhetheraselectionofdesignerhandbagswererealornot.Somewereinstructedtooperateoninstinctandotherstodeliberate(深思熟虑)overtheir,decision.Instinctworkedbetterforthosewhoownedatleastthreedesignerhandbags;indeed,itoutperformedanalysis.Themoreexpertyoubecome,thebetteryourinstincttendstobe.However,therealreasontoembracefastthinkingisthatitis,well,fast.Itisoftentheonlywaytogetthroughtheday.Totakeoneexample,whenyourinboxfloodswithnewemailsatthestartofanewday,thereisabsolutelynowaytoreadthemallcarefully.Instinctiswhathelpsyoudecidewhichonestoanswerandwhichtodeleteorleaveunopened.Fastthinkingcanalsohelptheentireorganization.Thevalueofmanymanagerialdecisionsliesinthesimplefactthattheyhavebeenmadeatall.Yetasdataexplodes,thetemptation(诱惑)toaskforonemorebitofanalysishasbecomemuchhardertoresist.Managersoftensufferfromoverthinking,turningasimpleproblemintoacomplexone.Whentouseinstinctintheworkplacerestsonitsownformofpatternrecognition.Doesthedecisionmakerhaverealexpertiseinthisarea?Isthisafieldinwhichemotionmattersmorethanreasoning?Aboveall,isitworthdelayingthedecision?Slowthinkingisneededtogetthebigcallsright.Butfastthinkingisthewaytostopdeliberationturningtoawasteoftime.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unerring”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Accurate.B.Creative.C.Controllable.D.Obvious.29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Managerscanaffordthecostofslowthinking.B.Fastthinkingcanbeaboosttoworkefficiency.C.Slowthinkingwillholdusbackinthelongrun.D.Toomuchdataistoblameforwrongdecisions.30.Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Toexplainhowinstinctworks.B.Tocompareinstinctandslowthinking.C.Tohighlightthevalueofinstinctintheworkplace.D.Toillustratethedevelopmentofdifferentthinkingpatterns.【答案】28.A29.B30.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要论述了直觉在工作场所的应用价值。28题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章第三段第一句“Instinctcanalsobeimproved.”（直觉能够被改善。）及最后一句“Themoreexpertyoubecome,thebetteryourinstincttendstobe.”（你变得越熟练，直觉越准确。）说明随,着熟练度的提高，直觉也会越来越准确。故“unerring”应是“无偏差的，精确的”意思。故选A项。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段第四句第五句“Instinctiswhathelpsyoudecidewhichonestoanswerandwhichtodeleteorleaveunopened.Fastthinkingcanalsohelptheentireorganization.”（直觉能够帮助你决定哪些邮件需要回复，哪些需要删除，哪些不用打开。快速思考也对整个组织有益。）可知快速思考可以提高工作效率，避免在不重要的事情上浪费时间。故选B项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“Thequestionofwhentotrustyourinstinct(直觉)andwhentothinkslowmattersintheofficeasmuchasinthesavannah(草原)”.（什么时候应该相信你的直觉及什么时候应该缓慢思考的问题在办公室和在大草原上一样重要。）可知，在工作场所，直觉也是很重要的。结合最后一段第一句“Whentouseinstinctintheworkplacerestsonitsownformofpatternrecognition.”（什么时候在工作场所使用直觉取决于其自身的识别模式。）可知要具体分析在工作场所使用直觉的情况。联系全文内容可知，本文主要强调了直觉在工作场所的应用价值。故选C项。DItallstartedwhenItypedaperfectlyreasonableprompt(提示词)intooneofseveralappsonthemarketthatcancreateanimagebasedontext.“Skullspacelaserdinosaurstarshipexplosion,”Iwrote.Theappprocessedforafewseconds,andreturnedfourimages,oneofwhichwasstrangelyaccurate:adinosaur-lookingskullscreamedoutofanemptyspace,trailingfire.Itlookedlikeanillustrationfromtheartmagazine,andperhapsartfromthemagazineinfluenceditscreation.Text-to-imageAIsidentifyimagesbylookingatthetextthatpeoplehaveusedtodescribethosepicturesonline.Whentheappgotmyprompt,itstudiedimagesthatrandompeoplehaddescribedas“dinosaur”orlaserandsoonthenusedwhatiscalledadiffusionmodel(扩散模型)toaddabunchofrandomchaostothosepictures.Oncetheyweresuitablycompleted,it“upscaled”them,removingnoiseandsharpeningfocus.ItsworkissogoodthatanartistusingitrecentlywonfirstplacefordigitalimagesattheColoradoStateFair.Buttherearemajorethical(道德的)issuesraisedbythesuccessofsuchAIs.Thebiggesthastodowiththosetrainingdatasets.ReportersrecentlydiscoveredthatthedatasetusedbyText-to-imageAIscontainedimagesofviolence.Somecompaniesareworkingonwaystopreventthepublicfromseeingimagesbasedonoffensiveandillegalpicturesinthedataset.Arepresentativeofthecompaniesalsonotedthattheimagesinitsdatasetare“alreadyavailableinthepublicinternetonpubliclyavailablewebsites”.,ButevenifthisproblemisfixedthereisstillthequestionofalltheotherpicturesonlinethatarebeingtransformedintoAI-generatedmasterpieces.Asmanyartistshavepointedout,theirworksarebeingusedwithoutpayment.Theimage-generatingalgorithm(算法)createsillustrationsandevenmoviesbyusingdatasetsstockedwithartstolenfromartistswhoposttheirworksonline.SomeAIresearchersarguethattheiralgorithmsaren’tstealingfromartistssomuchaslearningfromthemjustashumanartistslearnfromeachother.Butamoreethicalapproachwouldbeforcompaniestoacknowledgetheirdebttoartistsandcreateamodelofvoluntarycollectivelicensing,muchlikewhatradiostationsfirstdidinradio’searlydays.Backthen,musicianscreatedgroupslikeBMItocollectivelylicensetheirmusictoradiostations—thenBMIwouldpayartistsbasedonhowoftentheirsongswereplayed.Perhapsartistsandartinstitutionstodaycouldforma“collectingsociety”thatwouldallowcompaniestolicensetheirartworkfordatasets.TocreateethicalAIsystems,weneedtoacknowledgethepeoplewhoseworkmakesthosesystemssomagical.Wecan’tsimplysnarfupeveryimageonline—weneedhumanstomanagethosedatasetsandweneedtopaythemtodoit.31.WhatcanwelearnaboutText-to-imageAIsfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Theyaredevelopedtoprocesspictures.B.Theyareusedtodescribeonlinepictures.C.Theyuseadiffusionmodeltocombinepictures.D.Theycreatetheirworksbasedononlinepictures.32.OneoftheissuesraisedbythesuccessofText-to-imageAIsis______.A.theinfluenceuponartcreation.B.theavailabilityofonlinepictures.C.theneglectoftheartists’copyright.D.theprospectofartistsbeingreplaced.33.WhydidtheauthormentionBMIinParagraph5?A.TointroducetherolethatBMIplayedinAIhistory.B.Topresentawaytoregulatetheuseofonlinepictures.C.Toprovethenecessityoflicensingmusictoradiostations.D.Todemonstratetheurgencyofformingacollectingsociety.34Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Itisnotpracticaltoimprovetheimage-generatingalgorithm.B.ThefunctionofText-to-imageAIsshouldn’tbeunderestimated.CHumaneffortsshouldbevaluedintheapplicationofText-to-imageAIs.,D.Companiesshouldbeheldresponsiblefortheillegalpicturesonpublicwebsites.【答案】31.D32.C33.B34.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文本到图像AI可以基于文本创建图像，但也由此带来了许多道德问题，文章对这些问题的解决提出了方法和建议。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“ItallstartedwhenItypedaperfectlyreasonableprompt(提示词)intooneofseveralappsonthemarketthatcancreateanimagebasedontext.(这一切都是从我在市面上几个可以基于文本创建图像的应用程序之一中键入一个非常合理的提示开始的。)”和第二段前两句“Text-to-imageAIsidentifyimagesbylookingatthetextthatpeoplehaveusedtodescribethosepicturesonline.Whentheappgotmyprompt,itstudiedimagesthatrandompeoplehaddescribedas“dinosaur”orlaserandsoonthenusedwhatiscalledadiffusionmodel(扩散模型)toaddabunchofrandomchaostothosepictures.(文本到图像AI通过查看人们用来在线描述这些图片的文本来识别图像。当应用程序收到我的提示时，它研究了随机人描述为“恐龙”或激光的图像，然后很快使用所谓的扩散模型为这些图像添加了一堆随机的混乱。)”可知，文本到图像AI根据在线图片创作作品。故选D。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Asmanyartistshavepointedout,theirworksarebeingusedwithoutpayment.(正如许多艺术家所指出的，他们的作品被免费使用。)”可知，文本到图像AI的成功带来的问题之一是对艺术家版权的忽视。故选C。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“Perhapsartistsandartinstitutionstodaycouldforma“collectingsociety”thatwouldallowcompaniestolicensetheirartworkfordatasets.(也许今天的艺术家和艺术机构可以组建一个“收藏协会”，允许公司对其艺术品进行数据集许可。)”可知，作者在第5段中提到BMI是为了提出一种规范网络图片使用的方法。故选B。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“TocreateethicalAIsystems,weneedtoacknowledgethepeoplewhoseworkmakesthosesystemssomagical.Wecan’tsimplysnarfupeveryimageonline—weneedhumanstomanagethosedatasetsandweneedtopaythemtodoit.(为了创造合乎道德的人工智能系统，我们需要承认那些让这些系统如此神奇的人。我们不能简单地在网上抓取每一张图片，我们需要人类来管理这些数据集，我们需要支付他们的费用。)”可知，在文本到图像AI的运用中，应重视人类的努力。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）,根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Itwon’tsoundlikeabigsurprisewhenItellyouthatkindnessplaysanimportantroleinaperson’swellbeing.Itcanleadtochangeslikehigherself-esteem(自尊心)andlowerbloodpressure.Evenjustwitnessingactsofkindnesscanmakeushappier.____35____“Fromgivingawayacupofhotchocolateinaparktogivingawayagiftinthelab,thoseperforminganactofkindnessconsistentlyunderestimatedhowpositivetheirreceiverswouldfeel,thinkingtheiractwasoflessvaluethanreceiversperceivedittobe,”statesastudy.____36____Yet,whyistherethisdifferencebetweenwhatwethinksomeonewillfeelfromanactofkindnessversuswhattheydofeel?Whydoweunderestimatetheimpactwehaveonothers?Manyofusdon’thavearealsenseofourvalue.It’sbeenestimatedthatasmanyas85percentofpeoplestrugglewithlowself-esteem.____37____This“voice”tendstoshiftourfocusinwardassessingoureverymove,andhavingbadeffectonourrelationships.Unlikeaconscience(良心),thisinnercriticdoesn’tmotivatepositivebehavior.____38____Itencouragesustoholdbackfeedingusthoughtslike,“Don’tstickyourneckout”:“Noonewantstohearfromyou”;and“You’regoingtomakeafoolofyourself.”Onewonderfulwaytofightagainstourcriticalinnervoiceisthroughactsofbeingkindtoothers.____39____Wemustalsotrytoseeourselvesthroughtheeyesofthepeopleweaffect.Thedegreetowhichwe’reabletodothatwillhelpdetermineourownhappinessalongwiththehappinesswelightupinothers.A.However,theworkdoesn’tstopthere.B.Peoplemaylowerthevalueoftheirownkindcomments.C.Weallcarryarounda“criticalinnervoice”thattendstoputusdown.D.Insteadofseeingwhatwehavetooffer,wemaythinkofourselvesasaburden.E.Thismisunderstandingsuggeststhatpeopledevaluetheirownactionsinrelationtoothers.F.Instead,itturnsusagainstourselves,makingusunderestimateourbeneficialeffectonothers.G.Yet,peoplemaynottrulyknowtheimpactthateventhesmallestofkindactscanhaveonanotherperson.【答案】35.G36.E37.C38.F39.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了善良在一个人的幸福中起着重要作用时，这听起来并不是一个大惊喜。然而令人惊讶的却是，人们可能并不真正知道哪怕是最小的善举也会对另一个人产生什么影响。这是因为一种“内心批判”,在促使人们贬低自己对他人产生的价值。要摒弃掉自我内心批判，同时看到对他人的积极影响，能够做到这一点的程度将有助于决定我们自己的幸福以及我们在他人身上点燃的幸福。【35题详解】设空句为该段主旨句，后文内容时对其具体的解释。根据后文“‘Fromgivingawayacupofhotchocolateinaparktogivingawayagiftinthelab,thoseperforminganactofkindnessconsistentlyunderestimatedhowpositivetheirreceiverswouldfeel,thinkingtheiractwasoflessvaluethanreceiversperceivedittobe,’statesastudy.(一项研究称：“从在公园里送一杯热巧克力到在实验室里送一份礼物，那些表现出善意的人总是低估了接受者的积极感受，认为他们的行为没有接受者想象的那么有价值。”)”可知，该部分强调表现善意的人低估了自己的行为对他人的影响。选项G“Yet,peoplemaynottrulyknowtheimpactthateventhesmallestofkindactscanhaveonanotherperson.(然而，人们可能并不真正知道哪怕是最小的善举也会对另一个人产生什么影响。)”在句意上贴合该段主旨，“eventhesmallestofkindacts(甚至是最小的善举)”对应后文的“Fromgivingawayacupofhotchocolateinaparktogivingawayagiftinthelab(从在公园里送一杯热巧克力到在实验室里送一份礼物)”。故选G项。【36题详解】根据后文“Yet,whyistherethisdifferencebetweenwhatwethinksomeonewillfeelfromanactofkindnessversuswhattheydofeel?Whydoweunderestimatetheimpactwehaveonothers?(然而，为什么我们认为某人会从善意行为中感受到的与他们的真实感受之间存在差异？为什么我们低估了我们对他人的影响？)”提出了一系列的疑问并结合上文内容可推知，设空句应是一个结论句，且上文内容有关，应包含关键词“underestimate(低估，看轻)”含义。选项E“Thismisunderstandingsuggeststhatpeopledevaluetheirownactionsinrelationtoothers.(这种误解表明，人们贬低自己与他人的关系。)”中主语“Thismisunderstanding”指代上一段内容，在句意上是针对上文得出的结论，且“devalue”对应“underestimate”，符合词汇复现原则。故选E项。【37题详解】根据后文“This‘voice’tendstoshiftourfocusinwardassessingoureverymove,andhavingbadeffectonourrelationships.(这种“声音”倾向于将我们的注意力转移到评估我们的一举一动，并对我们的关系产生不良影响。)”为第二次提出这种“声音”，说明设空句应是首次提到这种“声音”，且是一种产生消极影响的声音。选项C“Weallcarryarounda“criticalinnervoice”thattendstoputusdown.(我们都有一种“批判的内心声音”，这种声音往往会让我们失望。)”提出了名词“批判的内心声音”，符合分析。故选C项。【38题详解】根据前文“Unlikeaconscience,thisinnercriticdoesn’tmotivatepositivebehavior.(与良心不同，这种内心的批评不会激发积极的行为。)”提出了“内心批判”是消极的，由此可推知，设空句应进一步强调其消极性的具体影响，同时包含话题“贬低自己的影响”。选项F“Instead,itturnsusagainstourselves,makingus,underestimateourbeneficialeffectonothers.(相反，它使我们与自己作对，使我们低估了自己对他人的有益影响。)”讲到了内心批判对自己和对他人具体消极影响，且“Instead”与前文构成反义转折关系，前后衔接紧密。故选F项。【39题详解】根据前文“Onewonderfulwaytofightagainstourcriticalinnervoiceisthroughactsofbeingkindtoothers.(对抗我们批判的内心声音的一个好方法是善待他人。)”提到了一个抵制内心批判的方式，后文“Wemustalsotrytoseeourselvesthroughtheeyesofthepeopleweaffect.(我们还必须努力通过我们所影响的人的眼睛来看待自己。)”则提到了下一个步骤，由此可推知，设空句应是转折句，说明不仅仅有第一步，以承接后文。选项A“However,theworkdoesn’tstopthere.(然而，这项工作并不止于此。)”为转折句，“thework”呼应前文内容，在句意上承接后文。故选A项。第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请答题卡指定区域作答。Beforeendinguponasupermarketshelf,anavocado(牛油果)hasproduced1.3kilogramsofcarbonintotheatmosphere.Itsproductionaloneconsumes60gallonsofwater.Despitethis,thefruitwilloftenbethrownawayashouseholdwaste.Householdfoodwasteistheresultofmismanagement.Muchofthewasteisavoidableandthefoodmayhavebeeneatenhaditbeenbettermanaged.Toreducehouseholdfoodwaste,agrowingnumberoffoodretailersdecidetoremovedatelabelling(标签),suchasthe“use-by”or“best-before”date,fromsomefreshfooditems.Paststudieshaveconfirmedtheimportanceofdatelabelling.Almost60%ofwesternEuropeanconsumerssurveyedsaidthey“always”checkdatelabelswhilepurchasing.Butdatelabellinghaslongcomeundercriticismbecausefailuretotrulyunderstanddatelabellingoftenleadstounreasonabledecisionmaking.Indeed,consumerscommonlydon’tacceptedible(可食用的),butdate-expired(过期的)food.Theremovalofdatelabellingisthereforeapromisingstart.Withoutdatelabels,informationthatmayaffectconsumers’understandingofwhatisedible,isremoved.Instead,consumersareencouragedtosense-checkfreshfooditems.Inthecaseofanavocado,theadvicegiventoconsumersisthatwhenripe,itshouldhavea“pleasantandslightlysweetaroma(气味)”,whiletheskinshouldbe“darkgreenorbrown”.Informationisalsoprovidedonhowanavocadoshouldlook,taste,andfeelwhen“overripe”.Itishopedthatabetterinformedconsumerwillbelesslikelytoblindlythrowawayfoodduetoanexpirationdate.40.Whatdofoodretailersdecidetodotoreducehouseholdfoodwaste?,_______________________________________________________________________________41.Whyhasdatelabellinglongbeencriticized?_______________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.ØIfconsumerscanbebetterinformed,theywillnotacceptedible,butdate-expiredfood._______________________________________________________________________________43.Oncedatelabelsareremovedfromsomefreshfooditems,whatproblem(s)mightbecaused?(Inabout40words)_______________________________________________________________________________【答案】40.Foodretailersdecidetoremovedatelabelling.41.Becausefailuretotrulyunderstanddatelabellingoftenleadstounreasonabledecisionmaking.42.Ifconsumerscanbebetterinformed,theywillnotacceptedible,butdate-expiredfood.Becauseconsumersareencouragedtosense-checkfreshfooditems,andtheinformationisalsoprovidedonhowthefoodshouldlook,taste,andfeelwhen“overripe”.Soifconsumerscanbebetterinformed,theywillbelikelytoacceptedible,butdate-expiredfood.43.Removingdatelabelsfromsomefreshfooditemscanpreventconsumersfromknowingtheedibleinformationofthefood.Withoutdatelabels,consumersareencouragedtosense-checkfreshfooditems.【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了为了减少家庭食品浪费，越来越多的食品零售商决定取消一些新鲜食品的日期标签，例如“使用日期”或“最佳食用日期”。尽管人们在购买食品时，大部分人会查看日期标签，但是日期标签有时候却对人有误导作用而造成浪费。在施行取消标签后，人们可以通过“望闻”的方法判断食物。【40题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第二段内容“Toreducehouseholdfoodwaste,agrowingnumberoffoodretailersdecidetoremovedatelabelling,suchasthe‘use-by’or‘best-before’date,fromsomefreshfooditems.(为了减少家庭食物浪费，越来越多的食品零售商决定从一些新鲜食品上去掉日期标签，比如“截止食用日期”或“最佳食用日期”。)”可知，食品零售商决定去掉一些新鲜食品上的日期标签以减少浪费。故答案为：Foodretailersdecidetoremovedatelabelling.【41题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第三段内容“Butdatelabellinghaslongcomeundercriticismbecausefailuretotruly,understanddatelabellingoftenleadstounreasonabledecisionmaking.(但日期标签长期以来一直受到批评，因为未能真正理解日期标签往往会导致不合理的决策。)”可知，日期标签长期受到批评是因为日期标签未能得到真正理解而导致不合理的购买决策。故答案为：Becausefailuretotrulyunderstanddatelabellingoftenleadstounreasonabledecisionmaking.【42题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第五段内容“Informationisalsoprovidedonhowanavocadoshouldlook,taste,andfeelwhen“overripe”.Itishopedthatabetterinformedconsumerwillbelesslikelytoblindlythrowawayfoodduetoanexpirationdate.(还提供了牛油果“过熟”时外观、味道和感觉的信息。人们希望，一个更了解情况的消费者不太可能因为过期而盲目扔掉食物。)”可知，“Ifconsumerscanbebetterinformed,theywillnotacceptedible,butdate-expiredfood.(如果消费者能更明智，他们不会接受可食用的，但过期的食品。)”中“theywillnotacceptedible,butdate-expiredfood”是错误的，如果消费者对食物信息更了解一些，那么就有可能接受可食用但过期的食品。故答案为：Ifconsumerscanbebetterinformed,theywillnotacceptedible,butdate-expiredfood.Becauseconsumersareencouragedtosense-checkfreshfooditems,andtheinformationisalsoprovidedonhowthefoodshouldlook,taste,andfeelwhen“overripe”.Soifconsumerscanbebetterinformed,theywillbelikelytoacceptedible,butdate-expiredfood.【43题详解】本题为开放性试题，要求考生结合文章根据自己的见解进行作答，言之有理即可。供参考：根据文章第四段“Withoutdatelabels,informationthatmayaffectconsumers'understandingofwhatisedible,isremoved.（如果没有日期标签，可能会影响消费者了解什么是可食用的的信息被删除。）”可知，没有日期标签，消费者可能无法了解该食品的可食用信息。故答案为Removingdatelabelsfromsomefreshfooditemscanpreventconsumersfromknowingtheedibleinformationofthefood.Withoutdatelabels,consumersareencouragedtosense-checkfreshfooditems.第二节（20分）44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim来信，询问你如何提高学习效率。请你给他写一封回信，介绍你的具体做法及原因。注意：1.词数100左右；,2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearJim,Inyourlastletter,youmentionedthatyouwantedtoknowhowtoimprovelearningefficiency.I’llgiveyousomeadvice.Firstly,whenacquiringnewknowledge,youshouldtrytomakeconnectionswithwhatyouhavealreadylearned.Secondly,youshouldlearntodo“spacedreview”,especiallyduringthefirstdayafterlearning.Besides,therearesomecommonpracticesyoushouldknow,suchassleepingwellanddoingphysicalexercise.Allthesecanhelpimproveyourmemoryandlearneffectively.Ihopemyadvicewillbeuseful.Ifyouneedmorehelp,pleaseletmeknow.Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Jim写一封信，针对如何提高学习效率给出一些建议并说明理由。【详解】1.词汇积累建议：advice→suggestion首先：firstly→firstofall此外：besides→what’smore有帮助的：useful→helpful2.句式拓展,简单句变复合句原句：Secondly,youshouldlearntodo“spacedreview”,especiallyduringthefirstdayafterlearning.拓展句：Secondly,youshouldlearntodo“spacedreview”,especiallyduringthefirstdayafterlearning,whichcanimprovelearningefficiency.【点睛】【高分句型1】Inyourlastletter,youmentionedthatyouwantedtoknowhowtoimprovelearningefficiency.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)【高分句型2】Ifyouneedmorehelp,pleaseletmeknow.(运用了if引导的条件状语从句),