北京市大兴区2022-2023学年高三英语上学期期末试卷（Word版附解析）

大兴区2022~2023学年度第一学期期末检测试卷高三英语第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。OnaSaturdayafternoon,youfindmostkidsoutsideplayinggames.Kidsaremadeforthe___1___,withtheirendlessenergyandtheeasywayinwhichtheymakefriends.It’snot___2___forKameron,anordinary,fun-loving7-year-oldgirlwholovestodrawouttheworld’slongesthopscotch(跳格子)onthesidewalk.Butinbetween___3___,Kamerontakestimetodosomethingspecialforher___4___neighborswhosechildrenhavelongsincelefthome.Kameronfirststartedwavingtothem.Mostofthemsmiledback.ThenKamerondecidedthatsomeofthemneededalittle___5___.Sosheranhome,tookherviolinandmadetherounds.“CanIplayyouasong?”sheasked,afterknockingonthedoor.Gustavsmiledwide.HiswifeVivian,whohashadmusculardystrophy(肌肉萎缩)forover20years,stood___6___,andhaddifficultymovingabout.Itlookedterriblyuncomfortable.They’ve___7___theirdailywalkswithafternoondrives,buteventhosearegettingtoodifficultforVivian.GustavletKameronin,andVivian___8___botharmsofherchairandpulledtoit.OnthetablebesideherwasaphotoofherwithGustavwhentheywereyoungandenergetic.“Wantmetoplayyourfavoritesong?”Kameronasked.“Ofcourse,”Gustavanswered.ItwastheonlysongKameronknew.Thesmallviolin___9___seriouslyunderKameron’schin(下巴).Sheplayedasbestasshecould.VivianbeatherlegtokeeprhythmforKameron.GustavheldVivian’sotherhand.Itwasnottheperformancethatwasmoving,butthe____10____itbrought.1.A.lessonsB.outdoorsC.classroomsD.experiences2.A.easyB.normalC.differentD.necessary3.A.gamesB.examsC.destinationsD.conversations4.A.youngB.proudC.elderlyD.lovely5.A.pressureB.emotionC.ambitionD.pleasure6.A.honestlyB.awkwardlyC.gratefullyD.determinedly7.A.replacedB.linkedC.repliedD.combined,8.A.tookcareofB.tookchargeofC.tookoutofD.tookholdof9.A.rockedB.restedC.jumpedD.wandered10.A.stylesB.profitsC.memoriesD.adventures【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.C5.D6.B7.A8.D9.B10.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述一个七岁的小女孩为老年夫妇演奏小提琴的故事。这对夫妇生活很孤苦，妻子常年生病，小女孩的演奏给他们带来了极大的欢乐。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们天生适合户外活动，他们有无穷的精力和轻松的交友方式。A.lessons课程；B.outdoors户外；C.classrooms教室；D.experiences经验。由前文“youfindmostkidsoutsideplayinggames”可知，这里应讲孩子天生适合“户外”玩。故选B项。【2题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于Kameron来说，这并没有什么不同，她是一个普通的、爱玩乐的7岁女孩，喜欢在人行道上跳世界上最长的跳房子。A.easy容易的；B.normal正常的；C.different不同的；D.necessary必需的。由后文“wholovestodrawouttheworld’slongesthopscotch(跳格子)onthesidewalk”可知，Kameron和其他孩子并没有什么“不同”，同样喜欢户外。故选C项。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在比赛间隙，Kameron花时间为她的年长邻居做一些特别的事情，他们的孩子早就离开了家。A.games游戏；B.exams考试；C.destinations目的地；D.conversations对话。由前文“wholovestodrawouttheworld’slongesthopscotch(跳格子)onthesidewalk”以及后文可知，Kameron在玩跳房子“游戏”的间隙，她会做一些别的事情。故选A项。【4题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在比赛间隙，Kameron花时间为她的年长邻居做一些特别的事情，他们的孩子早就离开了家。A.young年轻的；B.proud骄傲的；C.elderly老年的；D.lovely美丽的。由后文“whosechildrenhavelongsincelefthome”和“aphotoofherwithGustavwhentheywereyoungandenergetic”可知，现在她的邻居已经“年老了”。故选C项。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后Kameron决定他们中的一些人需要一点乐趣。A.pressure压力；B.emotion情绪；C.ambition野心；D.pleasure乐趣。由后文“VivianbeatherlegtokeeprhythmforKameron.GustavheldVivian’sotherhand.”可知，Kameron的表演为他们带去了快乐，所以这里应表明她想给别人带去“乐趣”。故选D项。,【6题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他的妻子Vivian患有肌肉萎缩症已经20多年了，她站的时候很笨拙，行动不便。A.honestly诚实地说；B.awkwardly尴尬地，笨拙地；C.gratefully感激地；D.determinedly果断地。由前文“whohashadmusculardystrophy(肌肉萎缩)forover20years”可知，Vivian腿有病，站起来很“笨拙”。故选B项。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们已经用下午开车取代了每天的散步，但即使是这样，对Vivian来说也变得太难了。A.replaced替换；B.linked连接；C.replied回答；D.combined联合。由后文“theirdailywalkswithafternoondrives”可知，散步对他们都困难了，所以他们用开车外出“代替”了散步。replace...with...表“用...代替...”,为固定搭配。故选A项。【8题详解】考查动词词组辨析。句意：Gustav让Kameron进来，Vivian抓住椅子的两端，拖着身子坐在了椅子上。A.tookcareof照顾；B.tookchargeof负责；C.tookoutof从中取出；D.tookholdof掌握，握住。由前文“stood　6　　”和后文“botharmsofherchair”可知，Vivian刚开始是站着的，这里“握住”椅子的两端，然后拖着身子坐了上去。故选D项。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这把小提琴认真地搁在Kameron的下巴下。A.rocked摇；B.rested休息，搁置；C.jumped跳；D.wandered徘徊。由后文“underKameron’schin”可知，Kameron把小提琴“放置”在自己下巴下。故选B项。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：令人感动的不是表演，而是它带来的回忆。A.styles样式；B.profits利润；C.memories记忆；D.adventures冒险。由前文“OnthetablebesideherwasaphotoofherwithGustavwhentheywereyoungandenergetic.”以及结合文意可知，这里讲Kameron的演奏让他们“回忆”以前年轻没有生病的快乐日子了。故选C项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Twodecades____11____(pass)sincenewspaperslaunchedwebsites,andyethereweare.Bigpapershavegoneunder,thousandsofjournalistshavelost____12____(they)jobs,andtheideathatdigitalnewswilleventuallybecomeadecentbusiness____13____(feel)likearumor(谣言).Therealityisthis:nosocialnetworkhascome,closetomatchingthesuccessofprintreadership.【答案】11.haspassed12.their13.feels【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了报纸行业的萧条衰落，即使推出了数字新闻，也无济于事。【11题详解】考查现在完成时。句意：自从报纸行业推出网站，二十年过去了。然而我们仍然停滞不前。根据时间状语从句“sincenewspaperslaunchedwebsites”可知，主句用现在完成时have/hasdone,主句主语是“Twodecades”表示一段时间，谓语动词用单数。故填haspassed。【12题详解】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：报纸巨头们一蹶不振，成千上万的记者丢掉工作。根据“jobs”可知，需要形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填their。【13题详解】考查一般现在时。句意：数字新闻将最终成为体面行业的想法感觉就像是一个谣言。根据句意可知，主语是“theidea”，后面接了that引导的同位语从句来解释说明主语，空格处需填主句的谓语动词，句子描述的是现在的状态，用一般现在时，主语是“theidea”，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填feels。B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。WhileLobbyBoytakesitsnamefromacharacterinthefilm,thebanddoesn’twanttobeknownasanythingreductive.Butoneofthefilm’sideasthateveryoneinyourlifehastheincrediblepowertotelltheirownstoryis____14____(amaze).“Inmypersonallife,ItrytorememberthatevenifI’mstrugglingorhavingaconflict____15____someone,nomatterwhattheinteractionis,nomatterhowsmallorlargeitis,thisisastory____16____isunfoldinginfrontofme,”hesays.【答案】14.amazing15.with16.which##that【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了LobbyBoy这部电影中的一个想法。【14题详解】考查形容词。句意：但这部电影的一个想法是，你生活中的每个人都有难以置信的能力讲述自己的故事，这是令人惊叹的。分析句式结构可知，本句的主语是ideas，指物，所以空格处应该用-ing结尾形容词,amazing“令人惊叹的”，作表语。故填amazing。【15题详解】考查介词。句意：“在我的个人生活中，我试图记住，即使我在与某人斗争或发生冲突，无论互动是什么，无论大小，这都是一个正在我面前展开的故事，”他说。分析句意，再根据空格前的conflict可知，此处用介词with构成固定搭配haveaconflictwithsb.“与某人有冲突”。故填with。【16题详解】考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句式结构可知，此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是story，指物，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。After15yearsofworkingtoraiseclimateurgency,I’veconcluded____17____thepublicandworldleadersunderestimatehowrapid,seriousclimateandecologicalbreakdownwillbeifhumanityfails____18____(organize).Theremayonlybefiveyears____19____(leave)beforehumanityexpendstheremaining“carbonbudget”tostayunder1.5℃of____20____(globe)heating.AndtheremayonlybefiveyearsbeforetheAmazonrainforestandalargeAntarcticicesheetpassirreversiblepoints.【答案】17.that18.tobeorganized19.left20.global【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。作者已经致力于提高气候急迫性的工作15年了，他得出结论：公众和世界领导人还是低估了气候和生态崩溃的速度和严重性，没有认识到必须把人类组织起来共同抵抗气候变暖问题。【17题详解】考查宾语从句的连词。句意：在15年致力于提高气候紧迫性之后，我得出的结论是，公众和世界领导人低估了如果人类不能组织起来，气候和生态崩溃将会多么迅速、严重。本句谓语动词为conclude，后接宾语从句，应用连词that。故填that。【18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在15年致力于提高气候紧迫性之后，我得出的结论是，公众和世界领导人低估了如果人类不能组织起来，气候和生态崩溃将会多么迅速、严重。此处考查动词短语failtodosth，意为“做某事失败，未能做某事”，设空处为动词不定式，organize与逻辑主语humanity之间为动宾关系，应,用被动结构。故填tobeorganized.【19题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在人类花费剩余的“碳预算”来将全球升温控制在1.5℃以下之前，可能只剩下5年了。此处考查非谓语动词，leave与逻辑主语fiveyears之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词left，意为“剩下”，作后置定语。故填left。【20题详解】考查形容词。句意：在人类花费剩余的“碳预算”来将全球升温控制在1.5℃以下之前，可能只剩下5年了。设空处应用形容词global，意为“全球的”，修饰heating，作前置定语。故填global。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIt’sexcitingwhenyourbookwormteenannounceshisorherplanstobeawriter.Ratherthanbombardthemwithfancypensandmotivationalreading,directthemtoacomfortzone:theInternet.Thesesitesaregreatresourcesandlandingspotsforfuturestorytellers.FigmentSpeciallytailoredfortheteenreader/writer,Figmentisacommunitydedicatedtoreadingandwritingstoriesonline.Addictivelyfun,userscanratestoriesbywhethertheymadethemlaugh,blush,cry,orjustsay“wow.”Thesitefrequentlyrunscontestsandfeaturesworkfromwell-knownauthorsandeditorswhosometimesdropinforFigmentchatswiththesite’scommunity.WattpadItisthelargestonlinereadingplatform,andallowsauthorstosharetheirworkwiththeworld.Well-knownwriterssuchasMargaretAtwoodandCoryDoctorowevenposttheirworkhere.Teenscanfindandfollowtheirfavoriteauthorsandreleasetheirownworksasserialnovels.TeenInkSupportedbythenonprofitYoungAuthorsFoundation,TeenInkisthetwenty-five-yearveteraninthefostering-teen-writersgame.Themagazine,bookseries,andwebsitearedevotedentirelytowriting,art,andphotosbyteens.It’salsoago-toforteensinterestedinwritingandpublishingnonfictionessaysandarticlesaswellaspoetry.OneTeenStory,Directkidsheretointroducethemtothenonprofit’smonthlymagazine.Eachissuefeaturesoneshortstoryabouttheteenexperience,usuallyfromaknownyoungadultauthor.Teensdrawntotheshortstoryformcanalsosubmittheirworkforconsiderationinanannualissuethatfeaturesastorywrittenbyateenforteens.NaNoWriMoNaNoWriMoisanawesomethirty-dayadventureforanywriter,butteensmightbeespeciallyinclinedtojoin.InNovember,would-benovelistsovertheworldattempttowritea50,000-word(ormore)bookinthirtydays.21.Thepassageisintendedfor_________.A.teachersB.teensC.parentsD.writers22.Whichsitesmayprovidethechancetointeractwithrecognizedwriters?A.FigmentandWattpad.B.FigmentandTeenInk.CTeenInkandNaNoWriMo.D.WattpadandOneTeenStory.23.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.OneTeenStoryisanonprofit’sannualmagazine.B.Figmentregularlyfeaturesyoungadultwriters’works.C.NaNoWriMooffersteensathirty-dayadventurearoundtheworld.D.TeenInkisthefirstchoiceofteenswhoarekeenonwritingpoems.【答案】21.C22.A23.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了四个能为那些未来青年作家们提供的拥有绝佳资源的网站。【21题详解】推理判断题。根据首段中的“It’sexcitingwhenyourbookwormteenannounceshisorherplanstobeawriter.(当你的书虫青少年宣布他或她成为一名作家的计划时，这是令人兴奋的。)”可知，拥有一个想成为作家的孩子是一件令人激动的事情，由此可以判断，该文章是写给家长的。故选C项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据Figment部分的“Thesitefrequentlyrunscontestsandfeaturesworkfromwell-knownauthorsandeditorswhosometimesdropinforFigmentchatswiththesite’scommunity.(该网站经常举办比赛，并展示著名作者和编辑的作品，他们有时会与网站社区进行人物聊天。)”和Wattpad部分的“Well-knownwriterssuchasMargaretAtwoodandCoryDoctorowevenposttheirworkhere.Teenscanfindandfollowtheirfavoriteauthorsandreleasetheirownworksasserialnovels.(玛格丽特·阿特伍德和科里·多克托罗等著名作家甚至在这里发表了他们的作品。青少年可以找到并追随他们最喜欢的作家，并发布他们自己的作品作为系列小说。)”,可知，这两个网站提供了与知名作家互动的机会。故选A项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据OneTeenStory部分的“Directkidsheretointroducethemtothenonprofit'smonthlymagazine.(直接把孩子们介绍给非营利组织的月刊。)”可知，OneTeenStory是月刊，所以A错误；根据Figment部分中的“Speciallytailoredfortheteenreader/writer,Figmentisacommunitydedicatedtoreadingandwritingstoriesonline.(Figment是专门为青少年读者/作家量身定制的，是一个致力于在线阅读和写作故事的社区。)”可知，该网站是青少年作家为特色，而不是年轻的成年作家，所以B项错误；C项原文没有提到提供全球30天的adventure，所以C项错误；根据TeenInk部分中的“It’salsoago-toforteensinterestedinwritingandpublishingnonfictionessaysandarticlesaswellaspoetry.(它也是对写作和出版非小说类文章、文章以及诗歌感兴趣的青少年的首选。)”可知，TeenInk是喜欢写诗歌的青少年的首选网站。故选D项。BManyparentsdreamoftheirchildrengrowingupandseeingtheworld.ButEdithLemayamotheroffourfromCanada,worriedherchildrenwererunningoutoftimetodothat.Whenherfirstchild,Mia,waslittle,shenoticedshewouldbumpintothings.In2018,Miawasdiagnosedwithretinitispigmentosa(色素性视网膜炎).“Whatitdoesisthatthecellintheretinadiesovertimeandtheylosetheirfieldofvision.There’sachancetheywillgocompletelyblindbymidlife,”saidLemay.Thediseaseisgenetic,meaningLemay’sotherkidswereatrisk.Shesoonnoticedtwoofhersons,CollinandLaurent,hadthesamesymptoms.Theyweresoondiagnosed,too.“Ofcourseitwasdevastating(令人极为震惊的).Andwhenyouhaveakid,youalwayshaveanimageofwhattheirfutureisgoingtobelikeandallofasudden,yougetthatnewsandyouneedtoerasethatandthinkitover.Anditreallyisagrievingprocess,”Lemaysaid.Lemaywantedtoprepareherkidsforwhatwastocomeandthoughtaboutfillingtheirvisualmemory.InMarch,Lemay,herhusband,andherfourkidsleftCanadaandembarkedonanepicjourney,travelingtheglobeforawholeyear—showingtheirkidstheworld,beforeitistoolate.DuringtheirtripLemayishomeschoolingherkids.Thefamilyalsomadeabucketlistoffunactivitiestheywanttoaccomplish,soeachkidcanseetheirdreamscometrue.Lemaysaidherkidsarenotonlymakingvisualmemories.They’realsolearningimportantlifelessons,likefocusingonthepositive.“Sometimesthey’retiredandthere’sfrustration.It’sdifficult.Butwiththetravel,Iwantthemtoberesilient.”,“Iwantthemtoknowthatanysituationthat’shardistemporary,becausethroughtheirlife,they’llneedlotsofresilience,”shesaid.“They’regoingtoadapttoasituationwiththeireyesightandtheninafewyearslater,they’llloseachunkoftheireyesightsandtheywillhavetoreadaptandadaptagainandfallandgetbackagain,”Lemaycontinued.Manyparentswanttogivetheirkidstheworldandthismomdid.24.Whatriskmaythechildrenfaceinthefuture?A.Theywillbumpintothings.B.Theywillbeunabletogrowup.C.Theymaygetgeneticdisorders.D.Theymaytotallylosetheirsight.25.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?ALemaytriedtoerasethedevastatingnews.B.Thetravelwasnoteasybuthelpedthekidsstaypositive.C.Theparentsfilledtheirkids’visualmemorythroughbooks.D.Thechildrendroppedoutofschoolandwereeducatedathome.26.WhichcanbestdescribeLemay?A.Affectionateandtough.B.Considerateandcommitted.C.Patientandgenerous.D.Sympatheticandsensitive.【答案】24.D25.B26.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，本文讲述了加拿大EdithLemay的孩子们患了遗传性疾病，最终可能失去视力，父母带领他们环球旅行，想让他们留下美好的视觉记忆，并学会坚强和乐观，勇敢面对生活中的挑战。故事体现了父母对子女的爱。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段““Whatitdoesisthatthecellintheretinadiesovertimeandtheylosetheirfieldofvision.There’sachancetheywillgocompletelyblindbymidlife,”saidLemay.(“它的症状是，视网膜中的细胞随着时间的推移而死亡，他们失去视力。他们有可能在中年时完全失明，”Lemay说。)”可知，孩子们患有遗传性疾病——色素性视网膜炎，未来有可能完全失去视力。故选D。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“They’realsolearningimportantlifelessons,likefocusingonthepositive.,‘Sometimesthey’retiredandthere’sfrustration.It’sdifficult.Butwiththetravel,Iwantthemtoberesilient.’(他们也学习重要的人生课程，比如关注积极的一面。“有时候他们很累，很沮丧。这是困难的。但通过旅行，我希望他们成为有适应能力的。”)”可推断，旅行不容易但是有助于孩子保持积极。故选B.【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段“Lemaywantedtoprepareherkidsforwhatwastocomeandthoughtaboutfillingtheirvisualmemory.InMarch,Lemay,herhusband,andherfourkidsleftCanadaandembarkedonanepicjourney,travelingtheglobeforawholeyear—showingtheirkidstheworld,beforeitistoolate.(Lemay想让她的孩子们为即将到来的事情做好准备，她想要填满他们的视觉记忆。今年3月，Lemay和她的丈夫以及她的四个孩子离开加拿大，开始了一场史诗般的旅程，用一年的时间环游世界，趁一切还来得及，让他们的孩子们看看世界。)”以及倒数第二段““Iwantthemtoknowthatanysituationthat’shardistemporary,becausethroughtheirlife,they’llneedlotsofresilience,”shesaid.“They’regoingtoadapttoasituationwiththeireyesightandtheninafewyearslater,they’llloseachunkoftheireyesightsandtheywillhavetoreadaptandadaptagainandfallandgetbackagain,”Lemaycontinued.(她说:“我想让他们知道，任何艰难的处境都是暂时的，因为在他们的一生中，他们都需要很强的韧性。”Lemay继续说:“他们会用视力来适应一种情况，几年后，他们会失去大部分视力，他们必须重新适应和适应，跌倒，然后再回来。”)”和最后一段“Manyparentswanttogivetheirkidstheworldandthismomdid.(很多父母都想给孩子整个世界，这位妈妈做到了。)”可推断，Lemay带着孩子进行世界旅行，让孩子们在失去视力前看看世界，留下美好的视觉记忆，想教会孩子们面对失去视力带来的挑战，因此推断她对孩子关爱，体贴入微且充满奉献精神的。故选B。CWeallknowthateatinglaterinthedayisn’tgoodforourwaistlines,butwhy?Anewstudyweighedinonthatquestionbycomparingpeoplewhoatethesamefoods—butatdifferenttimesintheday.“Wefoundthateatingfourhourslatermakesasignificantdifferenceforourhungerlevels,thewayweburncaloriesafterweeat,andthewaywestorefat,”Vujovićsaid,aresearcheratBoston’sBrighamandWomen’sHospital.“Together,thesechangesmayexplainwhylateeatingisassociatedwithincreasedobesityriskreportedbyotherstudiesandprovidenewbiologicalinsightintotheunderlyingmechanisms.”Thestudyprovidessupportfortheconceptthatcircadian(生理节奏)rhythm,whichinfluenceskeyphysiologicfunctionssuchasbodytemperatureandheartrate,affectshowourbodiesabsorbfuel,researcherssaid.Thestudydoesshoweatinglaterresultsin“anincreaseinhunger,impactshormones(荷尔蒙)andalsochangesgeneexpression,especiallyintermsoffatmetabolismwithatendencytowardslessfatbreakdownandmorefatdeposition,”saidDr.BhanuPrakashKolla,aprofessorofpsychiatryandpsychologyattheMayoClinicCollegeofMedicineandaconsultanttoMayo’sCenterforSleepMedicineandDivisionofAddictionMedicine.,Thestudywassmall—only16overweightorobesepeople—butcarefullyplannedtoeliminateotherpotentialcausesofweightgain,theauthorssaid.“Whiletherehavebeenotherstudiesinvestigatingwhylateeatingassociateswithanincreasedriskforobesity,thismaybethemostwellcontrolled,includingstrictlycontrollingtheamount,compositionandtimingofmeals,physicalactivity,sleep,roomtemperatureandlightexposure,”saidseniorauthorFrankScheer,directoroftheMedicalChronobiologyProgramintheBrigham’sDivisionofSleepandCircadianDisorders.Allparticipantswereingoodhealth,withnohistoryofdiabetesorshiftwork,whichcanaffectcircadianrhythm,andhadregularphysicalactivity.Eachpersoninthestudykepttoastricthealthysleep/wakescheduleforaboutthreeweeksandwereprovidedwithpreparedmealsatfixedtimesforthreedaysbeforethelabexperimentbegan.Resultsshowedthathungerpangsdoubledforthoseonanight-eatingregime.Peoplewhoatelaterinthedayalsoreportedadesireforstarchyandsaltyfoods,meatand,toalesserextent,adesirefordairyfoodsandvegetables.Bylookingattheresultsofbloodtests,researcherswereabletoseewhy:Levelsofleptin,ahormonewhichtellsuswhenwefeelfull,weredecreasedforlateeatersversusearlyeaters.Incomparison,levelsofthehormoneghrelin,whichspikesourappetite,rose.27.Accordingtothepassage,thefollowingmaycontributetotheobesityexcept_________.A.thebreakdownoflessfatB.thechangesingeneexpressionC.theincreaseinthelevelsofleptinD.thedisturbanceofthecircadianrhythm28.InParagraph4,thewriterintendsto_________.A.highlighttheresultsofthestudyB.illustratetheprocessofthestudyC.presentthepurposeofthestudyD.demonstratethereliabilityofthestudy29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“spike”inParagraph5mostprobablymean?A.Stimulate.B.Reduce.C.Maintain.D.Control.30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Eatinglateaccountsforobesity.B.Obesitycanbewellcontrolledbyeatinglate.C.Whenyoueatisirrelevanttohowfatyouare.D.Eatinglatemayimpacttheexpressionfunction.,【答案】27.C28.D29.A30.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现，吃饭晚会对我们的饥饿程度、进食后燃烧卡路里的方式以及储存脂肪的方式都有显著影响。文章讲述了晚进食会导致“饥饿感增加，影响荷尔蒙，还会改变基因表达，特别是在脂肪代谢方面，有减少脂肪分解和增加脂肪沉积的趋势。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thestudyprovidessupportfortheconceptthatcircadian(生理节奏)rhythm,whichinfluenceskeyphysiologicfunctionssuchasbodytemperatureandheartrate,affectshowourbodiesabsorbfuel,researcherssaid.”（研究人员说，这项研究支持了昼夜节律影响关键生理功能，如体温和心率，影响我们的身体如何吸收燃料的观点。）第三段中“Thestudydoesshoweatinglaterresultsin“anincreaseinhunger,impactshormones(荷尔蒙)andalsochangesgeneexpression,especiallyintermsoffatmetabolismwithatendencytowardslessfatbreakdownandmorefatdeposition,””（这项研究确实表明，晚进食会导致“饥饿感增加，影响荷尔蒙，还会改变基因表达，特别是在脂肪代谢方面，有减少脂肪分解和增加脂肪沉积的趋势。”）可知，吃饭晚会影响基因表达，减少脂肪分解同时影响昼夜节律，选项C与文意不符，故选C。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Thestudywassmall—only16overweightorobesepeople—butcarefullyplannedtoeliminateotherpotentialcausesofweightgain,theauthorssaid.“Whiletherehavebeenotherstudiesinvestigatingwhylateeatingassociateswithanincreasedriskforobesity,thismaybethemostwellcontrolled,includingstrictlycontrollingtheamount,compositionandtimingofmeals,physicalactivity,sleep,roomtemperatureandlightexposure,””（研究人员说，这项研究规模很小，只有16名超重或肥胖的人，但经过精心计划，消除了体重增加的其他潜在原因。“虽然已经有其他研究调查为什么晚进食会增加肥胖的风险，但这可能是控制得最好的，包括严格控制进食的数量、成分和时间、身体活动、睡眠、室温和光照。”）可知，这项研究尽管参与人员少，但是经过精心设计，消除了体重增加的其他潜在原因。所以本段的目的在于描述这个研究的可靠性。故选D。【29题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词前“Bylookingattheresultsofbloodtests,researcherswereabletoseewhy:Levelsofleptin,ahormonewhichtellsuswhenwefeelfull,weredecreasedforlateeatersversusearlyeaters.”（通过观察血液测试的结果，研究人员能够发现其中的原因：瘦素，是一种能够告诉我们什么时候感到饱的荷尔蒙。和早进食者体内的瘦素相比，晚进食者瘦素水平有所下降。）“Incomparison,levelsofthehormoneghrelin”（相比之下，生长激素释放肽的水平）及后文中“ourappetite,rose”（我们的胃口，增加了）可推知，此处指“生长激素释放肽的水平会增加，促进我们的食欲”，所以划线词此处指“刺激，促进”，故选A。,【30题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“Thestudydoesshoweatinglaterresultsin“anincreaseinhunger,impactshormones(荷尔蒙)andalsochangesgeneexpression,especiallyintermsoffatmetabolismwithatendencytowardslessfatbreakdownandmorefatdeposition,””（这项研究确实表明，晚进食会导致“饥饿感增加，影响荷尔蒙，还会改变基因表达，特别是在脂肪代谢方面，有减少脂肪分解和增加脂肪沉积的趋势。”）可知，晚进食会改变基因表达，特别是在脂肪代谢方面，有减少脂肪分解和增加脂肪沉积的趋势，可推知，晚进食会导致肥胖。故选A。DAutomation(自动化)wasahottopic.Nearlyeveryoneagreedthatpeoplewouldbeworkinglessoncecomputersandotherkindsofautomaticmachinerybecamewidespread.Foroptimists,thiswasapromiseofliberation:Atlasthumanitywouldbefreedfromconstanttoil,andwecouldalldevoteourdaystomorerefinedpursuits.Butotherssawathreat:Millionsofpeoplewouldbethrownoutofwork,anddesperatemasseswouldroamthestreets.Lookingbackfrom50yearshence,thecontroversyoverautomationseemsaquaintandcuriousepisode.Thedisputewasneverresolved.A.J.Hayes,aleader(andnorelationtome),wrotein1964:Automationisnotjustanewkindofmechanizationbutarevolutionaryforcecapableofoverturningoursocialorder.Whereasmechanizationmadeworkersmoreefficient—andthusmorevaluable—automationthreatenstomakethemsuperfluous(过剩的)—andthuswithoutvalue.TheopinionsIhavecitedhererepresentextremepositions,andtherewerealsomanymilderviews.ButIthinkit’sfairtosaythatmostearlystudentsofautomation,includingbothcriticsandenthusiasts,believedthenewtechnologywouldleadusintoaworldwherepeopleworkedmuchless.Asforeconomicconsequences,worriesaboutunemploymenthavecertainlynotgoneaway—notwithjoblossesinthecurrentrecessionapproaching2millionworkersinourcountryalone.Butrecentjoblossesarecommonlyattributedtocausesotherthanautomation,suchascompetitionfromoverseasoraroller-coasterfinancialsystem.Inanycase,thevisionofaworldwheremachinesdoalltheworkandpeoplestandidlybyhassimplynotcometopass.Thespreadofautomationoutsideofthefactoryhasaltereditssocialandeconomicimpactinsomecuriousways.Inmanycases,theneteffectofautomationisnotthatmachinesaredoingworkthatpeopleusedtodo.Insteadwe’vedispensedwiththepeoplewhousedtobepaidtorunthemachines,andwe’velearnedtorunthemourselves.Thesetrendscontradictalmostalltheexpectationsofearlywritersonautomation,bothoptimistsandpessimists.Sofar,automationhasneitherliberatedusfromtheneedtoworknordeprived(剥夺)usoftheopportunitytowork.Instead,we’reworkingmorethanever.,Whatabouttradesclosertomyownvitalinterests?Willsciencebeautomated?Technologyalreadyhasacentralroleinmanyareasofresearch;forexample,genomesequencescouldnotbereadbytraditionallab-benchmethods.Replacingthescientistwillpresumablybealittleharderthanreplacingthelabtechnician,butwhenamachineexhibitsenoughcuriosityandtenacity,Ithinkwe’lljusthavetowelcomeitasacompanioninzealousresearch.Andifthescientistiselbowedasidebyanautomaton,thensurelythesciencewritercan’tholdouteither.I’mreadyformy15-hourworkweek.31.InParagraph1,thewritermainlywantstoconveythat________.A.automationresultsinunemploymentB.automationdoesmoreharmthangoodC.theissueofautomationwasstillindiscussionD.automationbringsinmuchconvenienceinlife32.AccordingtoJ.Hayes,wecaninfer_________A.automationismorevaluablethanwhatweimagineB.automationisarevolutionaryforcetobetterdevelopmentC.thedisadvantagesofautomationfaroutweightheadvantagesD.thenewtechnologywouldleadpeopleintoworkingmuchless33.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardautomationonjobs?A.Doubtful.B.Supportive.C.Disapproving.D.Neutral.34.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?A.Peopleneedn’tworksohardduetoautomation.B.Traditionallaborforcewillbereplacedinthenearfuture.C.Automationshouldbeacceptedreasonablyindevelopment.D.Automationresultsinmorejoblossesinthewriter’scountry.【答案】31.C32.B33.D34.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人们对于生活中自动化的评价及看法。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Nearlyeveryoneagreedthatpeoplewouldbeworkinglessoncecomputersandotherkindsofautomaticmachinerybecamewidespread.Foroptimists,thiswasapromiseofliberation:Atlasthumanitywouldbefreedfromconstanttoil,andwecouldalldevoteourdaystomorerefinedpursuits.Butotherssawathreat:Millionsofpeoplewouldbethrownoutofwork,anddesperatemasseswouldroamthestreets.Looking,backfrom50yearshence,thecontroversyoverautomationseemsaquaintandcuriousepisode.Thedisputewasneverresolved.(几乎每个人都同意，一旦计算机和其他种类的自动化机器普及，人们的工作量就会减少。对于乐观主义者来说，这是一种解放的承诺：最终，人类将从不断的劳动中解放出来，我们都可以把我们的时间投入到更精致的追求中去。但其他人看到了一个威胁：数百万人将失去工作，绝望的群众将漫步街头。从50年前开始回顾，围绕自动化的争论似乎是一个古怪而奇怪的插曲。争端从未得到解决)”可知，自从自动化产生，人们对于其孰优孰劣的争论一直持续不断。由此可知，本段主要想表达的内容是自动化的问题仍在讨论中。故选C。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Automationisnotjustanewkindofmechanizationbutarevolutionaryforcecapableofoverturningoursocialorder.Whereasmechanizationmadeworkersmoreefficient—andthusmorevaluable—automationthreatenstomakethemsuperfluous(过剩的)—andthuswithoutvalue.(自动化不仅是一种新型的机械化，而且是一种能够颠覆社会秩序的革命力量。机械化使工人更有效率，因而更有价值，而自动化则使他们变得多余，因而没有价值)”可推知，根据J.Hayes的说法，自动化是更好发展的革命性力量。故选B。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Sofar,automationhasneitherliberatedusfromtheneedtoworknordeprived(剥夺)usoftheopportunitytowork.Instead,we’reworkingmorethanever.(到目前为止，自动化既没有把我们从工作的需要中解放出来，也没有剥夺我们工作的机会。相反，我们比以往任何时候都更加努力)”可推知，作者对自动化对工作的影响持中立的态度。故选D。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Replacingthescientistwillpresumablybealittleharderthanreplacingthelabtechnician,butwhenamachineexhibitsenoughcuriosityandtenacity,Ithinkwe’lljusthavetowelcomeitasacompanioninzealousresearch.(取代科学家可能会比取代实验室技术员更难一些，但当一台机器表现出足够的好奇心和韧劲时，我认为我们只能欢迎它作为热情研究的伙伴)”可推知，在发展中应合理接受自动化。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)Noteverydayisgoingtobegreat.Noteverydayisgoingtobeyourweddingday,graduation,orbirthday.Wehaveourroutines;wegotoschoolandmeetalotofthesamepeople.Usuallylongperiodsoftimeinourlivesaredevotedtodoingaspecificsetofthings.Thestressoflifecandisconnectusfromoursurroundingsandmakeiteasiertolosetouchwithourneedandemotions.____35____Essentially,casualmagicispracticingthehabitofseeingthebeautyinsmallmomentsofmundane(单调的,)life.____36____Inastudythatinvestigatedwhatthisdoestoyourmood,282participantswereobservedonthepositiveeffectofsomethingtheydid.Researchersfoundthatbeingpresentandfocusingonpositivemomentsgaveahigherpositiveeffectandresultedinahigherlifesatisfaction.____37____Haveyoueverwalkedthroughapatchofforestorseenthesunshineoverrooftopsandnoticedhowvibrantthecolorswere?Orhaveyoueverfeltabreezeonthesideofyourface?Youjustneedtolearnhowtotreasureandenjoythesemoments.Nowthisisnottosaythatlifeshouldn’tbenegativeandthatweshouldjustignoreallthebadthingsthathappeninlife.____38____Suchemotionmaybeasignthatitistimetopropelchangeandgrowth.Negativethingsshouldbeconsideredtobeopportunitiesforlearningandshouldnotbedwelledupon.Hence,Iurgeyoutotryit.____39____Appreciatesomethingsmall:thesunlightrestingonawindowcurtain,howgreentheleavesare,thehappinessoflaughingwithafriend,thetasteofanice-cream.Noteverydayisgoingtobethebestdayofyourlife;butitcanstillbespecial.A.However,casualmagicistheroadtohappiness.B.Topreventthis,applytheconceptofcasualmagic.C.Anadequateexampletopracticecasualmagicisnature.D.Casualmagicinsteadallowsustolistentoandexamineanynegativefeeling.E.Putasideyourscreen,bepresentandgiveyourselfachancetofindthatspecialmoment.F.Weshouldlearnfromnegativethingsandmoveontoappreciatingmomentsofcasualmagic.G.Itiscenteredaroundcuriosityandfocusestheenergyonobservingandreflectingonthelittlethings.【答案】35.B36.E37.C38.D39.F【解析】【导语】本文为一篇议论文。生活尽管单调，也经常会给我们压力，作者建议大家试试休闲魔术，多多发现生活中美好的事物，即使面对消极的事情，也能倾听和检查任何负面情绪，并从消极的事情中有所得，从而获得更高的生活满意度。【35题详解】上一句“Thestressoflifecandisconnectusfromoursurroundingsandmakeiteasiertolosetouchwithourneedandemotions.(生活的压力会使我们与周围环境脱节，更容易与我们的需求和情绪失去联系。)”，B项“Topreventthis,applytheconceptofcasualmagic.(为了防止这种情况，请应用休闲魔法的概念。)”，B项中的this，指代上文提及的现象，B项与上文为顺接关系，并引出本文话题casualmagic，上下文衔接连贯顺畅。故选B项。36题详解】,上文“Essentially,casualmagicispracticingthehabitofseeingthebeautyinsmallmomentsofmundane(单调的)life.(从本质上讲，休闲魔术是练习在单调生活中的小时刻看到美的习惯。)”可知，生活尽管很单调，但休闲魔术鼓励人们发现某些小时刻中存在的美好。下文“Inastudythatinvestigatedwhatthisdoestoyourmood,282participantswereobservedonthepositiveeffectofsomethingtheydid.Researchersfoundthatbeingpresentandfocusingonpositivemomentsgaveahigherpositiveeffectandresultedinahigherlifesatisfaction.(在一项调查这对你的情绪有什么影响的研究中，282名参与者被观察到他们所做的事情的积极影响。研究人员发现，在场并专注于积极的时刻会产生更高的积极影响，并导致更高的生活满意度。)”可知，在场、关注积极的时刻对人产生积极影响；E项“Putasideyourscreen,bepresentandgiveyourselfachancetofindthatspecialmoment.(把你的屏幕放在一边，在场，给自己一个机会去找到那个特殊的时刻。)”中的findthatspecialmoment与上文中的seeingthebeautyinsmallmomentsofmundane相呼应，下文中的Inastudythatinvestigatedwhatthisdoestoyourmood中的this指代E项内容，同时bepresent也是复现词。上下文语意衔接连贯顺畅。故选E项。【37题详解】下文“Haveyoueverwalkedthroughapatchofforestorseenthesunshineoverrooftopsandnoticedhowvibrantthecolorswere?Orhaveyoueverfeltabreezeonthesideofyourface?Youjustneedtolearnhowtotreasureandenjoythesemoments.(你有没有走过一片森林，或者看到屋顶上的阳光，注意到颜色是多么鲜艳？或者你有没有感觉到微风吹过你的脸？你只需要学习如何珍惜和享受这些时刻。)”可知，此处描述了大自然中的美好；C项“Anadequateexampletopracticecasualmagicisnature.(练习休闲魔术的一个充分例子是自然)”，与下文语意一致，故选C项。【38题详解】上文“Nowthisisnottosaythatlifeshouldn’tbenegativeandthatweshouldjustignoreallthebadthingsthathappeninlife.(这并不是说生活不应该是消极的，我们应该忽略生活中发生的所有坏事。)”，D项“Casualmagicinsteadallowsustolistentoandexamineanynegativefeeling.(相反，休闲魔术允许我们倾听和检查任何负面情绪。)”，上文与D项为转折关系；下文“Suchemotionmaybeasignthatitistimetopropelchangeandgrowth.Negativethingsshouldbeconsideredtobeopportunitiesforlearningandshouldnotbedwelledupon.(这种情绪可能是一个信号，表明是时候推动变化和成长了。消极的事情应该被认为是学习的机会，不应该被纠缠。)”，下文承接D项，解释了休闲魔术对负面情绪的态度。上下文衔接连贯顺畅，故选D项。【39题详解】上一段的最后一句“Negativethingsshouldbeconsideredtobeopportunitiesforlearningandshouldnotbedwelledupon.(消极的事情应该被认为是学习的机会，不应该被纠缠。)”，上文“Hence,Iurgeyoutotryit.(因此，我敦促您尝试一下休闲魔术。)”可知，休闲魔术中，我们不必纠结那些消极的事情；下文,“Appreciatesomethingsmall:thesunlightrestingonawindowcurtain,howgreentheleavesare,thehappinessoflaughingwithafriend,thetasteofanice-cream.(欣赏一些小事：阳光照在窗帘上，树叶有多绿，和朋友一起笑的快乐，冰淇淋的味道。)”，休闲魔术中，我们可以多多关注美好的小事，F项“Weshouldlearnfromnegativethingsandmoveontoappreciatingmomentsofcasualmagic.(我们应该从消极的事情中学习，继续欣赏休闲魔术的时刻)”，F项有承上启下的作用，negativethings和appreciating为复现词，上下文衔接连贯顺畅。故选F项。第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读表达WhitesandbeachesoftheCocosIslands,whichareknownasagorgeoustouristdestinationsurroundedbygreenishbluewater,havenowbeenfilledwithplasticwastes.JenniferLavers,amarinescientist,wenttothesetropicalislandswithherresearchteam.Knowingthatlotsofbeacheswerepollutedbyplasticwastes,theteamconductedacarefulscientificexaminationonthecoast,onlytofindtheproblemcausedbypiecesoftrashhumansleftwasworsethanexpected.Notallplasticsaretoblame.Theyarenecessaryinplaceslikehospitalsandairplanes,andmakeourvehicleslighterandmoreefficient.However,otherplastics,especiallydisposable(一次性的)plastics,accountforthegrowingmessonthebeaches.Islandsallovertheworldarejammedwithplastics.AndtheCocosIslandsarenoexception.Apparently,demandfordisposableplasticsmustbereducedgreatly.“Whydon’twecarryaroundbagsthatwecanuseoverandoveragain?”askedRichardGross,achemistwhoresearchesinnovativewaystomakemoresustainableplastics.“Let’scarryaroundreusablelunchboxes.Weshouldunderstandhowseriousthesituationis.”Althoughitisimportantforindividualstomakeanefforttoavoidusingdisposableplastics,itisalsogenerallybelievedthatonlywithinternationalrulescansuchadeep-rooted,common,andworldwidescourge(灾害)betackled.However,theU.N.,whichengagesindealingwithacceleratingclimatechangeandpublichealthcrises,obviouslyisn’tpayingenoughattentiontocallingforinternationalactiononplasticpollution.Asaresult,billionsofplasticproductswillstillbeproducedeveryyear,manyofwhichwillendupintheocean.Itrequiresthegreatesteffortofalltimetocontrolplasticpollutioninmodernsociety.Nomatterhowtallthehurdles(栏架)are,somethinghastobedone.40.WhatdidJenniferLaversandherresearchteamfind?_________________________________________________________________41.Whatkindsofplasticsleadtotheincreasingwastesonthebeaches?,_________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Individualeffortsandinternationalrulesarebothrequiredtotackletheplasticpollution,andtheU.N.paysmuchattentiontocallingforinternationalaction._________________________________________________________________43.Asastudent,whatwillyoudotoreducewhitepollution?_________________________________________________________________【答案】40.Theyfoundtheproblemcausedbypiecesoftrashhumansleftwasworsethanexpected.41.Disposableplastics.42.Individualeffortsandinternationalrulesarebothrequiredtotackletheplasticpollution,andtheU.N.paysmuchattentiontocallingforinternationalaction.BecausetheU.N.don’tpayenoughattentiontocallingforinternationalactiononplasticpollution.43.Asastudents,Iwilltryourbesttoreducetheuseofdisposableplasticbags,makepublicityandappealtopeopletoreducetheuseofplastictoprotecttheenvironment.【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章通过介绍科科斯群岛的塑料污染问题，表达了对环境问题的担忧，呼吁各方采取国际合作，制定国际规则来解决这一普遍的、全球性的灾难。【40题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第二段第二句“Knowingthatlotsofbeacheswerepollutedbyplasticwastes,theteamconductedacarefulscientificexaminationonthecoast,onlytofindtheproblemcausedbypiecesoftrashhumansleftwasworsethanexpected.（了解到很多海滩被塑料废物污染，研究小组在海岸上进行了仔细的检查，只发现了人类留下的垃圾产生的问题比预期更为严重。）”可知，Jennifer和她的研究小组发现在科科斯群岛上人类留下的垃圾造成的问题比预期更为严重。故答案为Theyfoundtheproblemcausedbypiecesoftrashhumansleftwasworsethanexpected.【41题详解】考查细节理解。根据第三段的“However,otherplastics,especiallydisposable(一次性的)plastics,accountforthegrowingmessonthebeaches.Islandsallovertheworldarejammedwithplastics.AndtheCocosIslandsarenoexception.(然而，其他塑料，尤其是一次性塑料，造成了海滩上越来越多的混乱。世界各地的岛屿都塞满了塑料。科科斯群岛也不例外。)”可知，一次性塑料导致了沙滩上的垃圾越来越多。故答案为Disposableplastics.【42题详解】,考查细节理解。根据第六段第一句However,theU.N.,whichengagesindealingwithacceleratingclimatechangeandpublichealthcrises,obviouslyisn'tpayingenoughattentiontocallingforinternationalactiononplasticpollution.（然而，致力于应对日益加剧的气候变化和公共卫生危机的联合国，显然没有足够重视呼吁对塑料污染采取国际行动。）可知，联合国对塑料污染的态度是没有给予足够的关心。故划线句Individualeffortsandinternationalrulesarebothrequiredtotackletheplasticpollution,andtheU.N.paysmuchattentiontocallingforinternationalaction.的错误是theU.N.paysmuchattentiontocallingforinternationalaction.，因为联合国没有给予足够关注呼吁国际行动。故答案为Individualeffortsandinternationalrulesarebothrequiredtotackletheplasticpollution,andtheU.N.paysmuchattentiontocallingforinternationalaction.，BecausetheU.N.don’tpayenoughattentiontocallingforinternationalactiononplasticpollution.【43题详解】主观题。本文是开放式试题，答案不唯一。根据文章最后一段内容“Itrequiresthegreatesteffortofalltimetocontrolplasticpollutioninmodernsociety.Nomatterhowtallthehurdles(栏架)are,somethinghastobedone.(在现代社会，控制塑料污染需要尽最大的努力。无论障碍有多大，都必须有所作为。)”，作为学生应该尽自己的努力减少塑料污染，保护地球，参考答案：Asastudents,Iwilltryourbesttoreducetheuseofdisposableplasticbags,makepublicityandappealtopeopletoreducetheuseofplastictoprotecttheenvironment.第二节(20分)44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim来邮件询问你的居家学习和生活情况。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括：1.充实的学习活动2.丰富的课余生活注意：1.词数100左右;2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearJim,,It'smypleasuretotellyousomethingaboutmylearningactivitiesinthequarantineperiod.BecauseoftheCOVID-2019,ourschoolarrangedforustostudyonline.Onlinelearningisnotboringbutinteresting,whichisaboutwhatwewilllearnatschool.What'smore,Ialsomadealearningplanthatissuitableformyself.It'sbeneficialformetomakefulluseoftime.Asformyafter-classactivities,Ioftendosomejoggingeverydayinmycommunitytokeepfit.Helpingmyparentswithhousechoresisalsomydailyroutine,whichincludesmoppingthefloor,washingdishesandsoon.You'rewelcometosende-mailsifyouhaveanyquestions.Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Jim写一封邮件，介绍居家学习和生活将框。【详解】1.词汇积累无聊的：boring→dull此外：what’smore→besides关于：asfor→withregardto保持健康：keepfit→keephealthy2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Asformyafter-classactivities,Ioftendosomejoggingeverydayinmycommunitytokeepfit.拓展句：Asformyafter-classactivities,IoftendosomejoggingeverydayinmycommunityinorderthatIcankeepfit.【点睛】【高分句型1】Onlinelearningisnotboringbutinteresting,whichisaboutwhatwewilllearnatschool.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句和what引导的宾语从句）【高分句型2】Helpingmyparentswithhousechoresisalsomydailyroutine,whichincludesmoppingthefloor,washingdishesandsoon.（运用了动名词短语作主语和which引导的非限制性定语从句）,