北京市十一学校2022-2023学年高一英语上学期期末试卷（Word版附解析）

北京十一学校2022-2023学年第2学段高一学部英语Ⅰ教与学质量诊断一、根据中文和首字母提示填写单词，无需变形，请在答题卡上写全单词。(每小题1分，共10分)1.Tooursurprise,herwordshadamagicale__________(影响)onus.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】effect##ffect【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：令我们惊讶的是，她的话对我们有神奇的效果。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为名词effect“影响”，构成动词短语haveaneffectonsb“对……产生影响”，满足句意要求。故填effect。2.Hisworkhasbeencriticizedforbeingimitativeands__________(肤浅).(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】shallow【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：他的作品被批评为抄袭且肤浅。根据汉语提示，“肤浅的”为形容词shallow，此处与imitative表并列，位于being后作表语。故填shallow。3.Everythingyoudoorsayisareflectionofyourp__________(性格，个性).(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】personality##ersonality【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：你的一言一行都反映了你的个性。根据首字母和汉语提示可知，名词personality符合题意，作宾语，此处为抽象概念，不可数。故填personality。4.Theadvertisementsareintendedtoimprovethecompany’si__________(形象).(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】image##mage【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：这些广告旨在提升公司形象。分析句意，中文含义和首字母可知，此处使用名词image表示“形象”，作宾语，且此处公司的形象指一个，应为单数。故填image。5.LastyearIwaschosentor__________(代表)thecompanyattheconference.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】represent##epresent【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意：去年我被选为公司代表参加会议。bechosentodo意为“被选中去做某事”，为固定搭配，此处用todo不定式作主语补足语。根据首字母r可知，表示“代表”应用动词represent。故填represent。,6.Weneedmalesubjectsbetweentheagesof18and25forthee__________(实验).(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】experiment##xperiment【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：我们需要18到25岁的男性受试者来做实验。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为单数名词experiment“实验”，满足句意要求。故填experiment。7.Therearemanyoptionalcourses.Youcans__________(挑选)theoneyoulikemost.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】select##elect【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意：有很多选修课。你可以选择你最喜欢的。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为动词select“挑选”，满足句意要求，结合空前can情态动词可知，为动词原形。故填select。8.ShoppingontheInternethasitsdisadvantagesastherealg__________(商品，货物)cannotbeseen.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】goods##oods【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：在网上购物有其缺点，因为看不到真正的商品。根据单词首字母以及汉语提示句意“商品”，可知此处需要名词goods在句子中做宾语。故填goods。9.Helikespowerverymuchanddoesn’tlikeanyonetochallengehisa__________(权威).(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】authority##uthority【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：他非常喜欢权力，不喜欢任何人挑战他的权威。根据首字母和汉语提示可知，名词authority符合题意，抽象概念，不可数。故填authority。10.Evenifyoucan’tcook,you’llfindthesemealsquickandc__________(方便的)toprepare.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】convenient##onvenient【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：即使你不会做饭，你也会发现这些饭菜准备起来既快捷又方便。根据中文提示和首字母可知，表示“方便的”应用形容词convenient，在本句中作宾补。故填convenient。二、方框选词(每小题1分，共16分)Group1可能会有派生变化(即词性的变化),选词填空accessapprovalamazedescribelocateimaginerewardvary11.Shewas__________thathecouldbesocalmatsuchatime.12.Iwasattractedtothehousebothbyitssizeandits__________.13.Prices__________accordingtothetypeofroomyourequire.14.Youneedapasswordtoget__________tothecomputersystem.15.Smilingisapparentlyauniversalsignoffriendlinessand__________.16.Thescenerythereissofascinatingthatitistotallybeyond__________.17.Theyearshespentinthecountrysideprovedtobea(n)__________experience.18.FatherChristmasisjusta(n)__________figureandthereisnosuchpersoninreality.【答案】11amazed12.location13.vary14.access15.approval16.description17.rewarding18.imaginary【解析】【11题详解】考查形容词。句意：她很惊讶他在这种时候还能这么镇定。根据后文“hecouldbesocalmatsuchatime.”以及句意“惊讶”可知应填形容词amazed，作表语。故填amazed。【12题详解】考查名词。句意：我被房子的大小和位置所吸引。根据上文“byitssizeandits”以及句意“位置”可知应填名词location，作宾语。故填location。【13题详解】考查动词。句意：价格根据您需要的房间类型而有所不同。根据后文“accordingtothetypeofroomyourequire”以及句意“不同”可知应填动词vary，结合require可知为一般现在时，主语为prices，谓语用原形。故填vary。【14题详解】,考查名词。句意：你需要密码才能进入计算机系统。根据句意“进入”可知，短语为getaccessto。故填access。【15题详解】考查名词。句意：微笑显然是友好和认可的普遍标志。作宾语，结合句意表示“认可”可知应填名词approval。故填approval。【16题详解】考查名词。句意：那里的风景太迷人了，简直无法形容。结合句意表示“无法形容”可知短语为beyonddescription。故填description。【17题详解】考查形容词。句意：他在农村度过的那些年证明是一段有益的经历。作定语，结合句意表示“有益的”可知应填形容词rewarding。故填rewarding。【18题详解】考查形容词。句意：圣诞老人只是一个虚构的人物，现实中并没有这样的人。作定语，结合句意表示“虚构的”可知应填形容词imaginary。故填imaginary。Group2可能会有语法变化(即名词变复数、动词的时态语态和非谓等变化)选词填空admitaffairconfirmconsisthappenhumiliatemaintainsurround19.Hesaidhedidn’twantto__________herinfrontofhercolleagues.20.Myaunt__________tobeoutwhenIpaidheravisitlastweekend.21.Fewpeoplenowadaysareableto__________friendshipsintoadulthood.22.Chinaisplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleininternational__________.23.Sofar,noone__________breakingthewindow,whichannoyshimverymuch.24.Usually,anarticle__________of3parts,anintroduction,abodyandaconclusion.25.WhenIwassmall,I__________byloveandkindnessandIfeltreallyhappy.26.Ifyouhavebookedaroominadvance,pleasecallmeto__________yourreservation.【答案】19.humiliate20.happened21.maintain22.affairs23.hasadmitted,24.consists25.wassurrounded26.confirm【解析】【19题详解】考查动词。句意：他说他不想在她的同事面前羞辱她。根据句意可知动词humiliate“羞辱”符合题意，wantto后接动词原形。故填humiliate。【20题详解】考查动词。句意：上周末我去拜访姑姑时，她碰巧不在家。根据句意短语happentodosth.“碰巧做某事”符合题意，空处为主句谓语动词，根据时间状语lastweekend可知，陈述过去的事情用一般过去时。故填happened。【21题详解】考查动词。句意：现在很少有人能把友谊维持到成年。根据句意动词maintain“维持”符合题意，beableto后接动词原形。故填maintain。【22题详解】考查名词。句意：中国在国际事务中起着越来越重要的作用。根据句意可知名词affair“事务”符合题意，作宾语，表达此意时该词常用复数形式。故填affairs。【23题详解】考查动词。句意：到目前为止，没人承认打破窗户，这让他很生气。根据句意可知动词admit“承认”符合题意，admitdoingsth.“承认做了某事”是固定搭配；空处为主句谓语动词，结合时间状语sofar判断为现在完成时，noone作主语看作第三人称单数，故填hasadmitted。【24题详解】考查动词。句意：通常，一篇论文由引言、正文和结论三部分组成。根据句意可知动词consist“由……组成”符合题意，consistof“由……组成”是固定搭配，空处为句子谓语动词，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词也用第三人称单数形式。故填consists。【25题详解】考查时态。句意：小时候，我总是被爱和善良围绕着，那时我真的很开心。结合句意动词surround“包围”符合题意，空处为句子谓语动词，陈述过去的事情，且主语I和surround之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填wassurrounded。【26题详解】考查动词。句意：如果你提前预定了房间，请打电话向我确认。根据句意可知动词confirm“确认”符合,题意，此处用其原形和to构成不定式，作目的状语。故填confirm。三、根据中文提示完成句子。(每小题2分，共10分)27.孩子们喜欢在春节燃放鞭炮。Childrenlike__________firecrackersinlunarNewYear.【答案】settingoff【解析】【详解】考查固定短语和动名词。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“燃放”，是固定短语setoff，likedoing是固定短语，意为“喜欢做某事”，因此空格处动词用动名词，故填settingoff。28.刚才那位老妇人的行为举止吸引了我的目光。(请用到eye一词)Theelderlywoman’sbehavior__________justnow.【答案】caughtmyeyes【解析】【详解】考查固定短语。结合句意可知短语为catchone'seye，结合justnow可知为一般过去时。故填caughtmyeyes。29.这部电影是基于一个发生在二战期间的真实故事。Thefilm__________atruestoryhappeningduringtheSecondWorldWar.【答案】isbasedon【解析】【详解】考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“基于”，是固定短语bebasedon，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语film是单数，因此空格处是isbasedon。故填isbasedon。30.我很难想象我祖父母年轻时经历的艰难时光。Icanhardlyimaginethehardtimesmygrandparents__________whentheywereyoung.【答案】wentthrough【解析】【详解】考查动词短语。根据中文提示可知，表示“经历”应用动词短语gothrough，在这里作从句谓语，再根据句意可知，这里应用一般过去时。故填wentthrough。31.当你看到某人受苦时，不要只是袖手旁观。请主动帮助他。Whenyouseesomeonesuffer,don’tjust__________.Pleaseoffertohelphim.【答案】standby【解析】,【详解】考查动词和短语。根据中英文提示，缺少“袖手旁观”为standby，空前为助动词don’t，设空处应用动词原形的形式。故填standby。四、语法填空(每小题1分，共15分)阅读下列句子和短文，根据其内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。32.Aftergraduation,Idecidedtomakeadifferencetooursociety,soIbecameavolunteerteacherand__________(send)toaremotevillage.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】wassent【解析】【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：毕业后，我决定改变我们的社会，所以我成为了一名志愿者教师，并被派往一个偏远的村庄。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词形式与became并列，主语I为单数，根据became可知，此处使用一般过去时态，结合句意，主语与send之间为被动关系。故填wassent。33.Tomwasnotsurehowhisparents__________(react)tohisdecision.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】wouldreact【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：汤姆不确定他的父母会对他的决定做出怎样的反应。可能给出为宾语从句的谓语动词，主句为一般过去时，且从句陈述的动作还未发生，故用过去将来时。故填wouldreact。34.Thisuniversitymakeseveryeffort__________(help)studentsadjusttonewschoollife.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】tohelp【解析】【详解】考查不定式。句意：这所大学尽一切努力帮助学生适应新的学校生活。makeeveryefforttodo是固定短语，意为“尽一切努力去做某事”，因此空格处是不定式tohelp。故填tohelp。35.Themansteppedintoacar__________doorwashalf-open.(用适当的词填空)【答案】whose【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那人走进一辆车门半开的汽车。分析可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是car，从句缺少定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。36.Noonevisitinginthegalleryisallowed__________(touch)theexhibits.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】totouch【解析】,【详解】考查固定短语。句意：参观画廊的人不得触摸展品。beallowedtodosth为固定短语，意为“被允许做某事”，故填totouch。A语法填空Astudy____37____(lead)byStanfordUniversityexplorestheinfluencemicroplastics(塑料微粒)haveonwhales.Microplasticsarepiecesofplasticlessthanfivemillimetersinlengthandarenowfrequentlyfound____38____thewhaleslive.Theteamfoundthewhalesmainlyfindfoodfrom50to250metersbelowthesurface.Atsuchdepth,thehighestconcentrationsofmicroplasticintheopenoceantakeplace.Researchersestimatethatupto10millionpieces____39____(consume)byeachwhaleperday.【答案】37.led38.where39.areconsumed【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述科学家发现塑料微粒存在鲸鱼生活的地方。【37题详解】考查非谓语。句意：斯坦福大学领导的研究探索了微塑料对鲸鱼的影响。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语，Astudy和lead为被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填led。38题详解】考查地点状语从句。句意：微塑料是长度小于5毫米的塑料片，现在经常在鲸鱼生活的地方发现。分析句子可知，这里考查状语从句，且从句中缺地点状语，故应填where构成地点状语从句。故填where。【39题详解】考查时态语态。句意：研究人员估计，每头鲸鱼每天消耗多达1000万片。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语，10millionpieces和consume为被动关系，且这里时态应用一般现在时。故填areconsumed。B语法填空I’mPatrickMcCarthy.ThisisthespacewhereIcanhelpyou____40____yourdailylifeproblems.Iremember___41___(feel)bothexcitedandterrifiedaboutlifewhenItuned18.That’sa____42____(perfect)normalfeelingtohave.Also,believeitornot,Iguaranteeallofyourpeersatyouragealsofeelthissenseofanxiety.Nowisagoodtimetolearnandtrynewthings.Sometimesyouwillfailandhavepainfulexperiences,____43____istheprocessoflearningandlifeitself.【答案】40.with41.feeling,42.perfectly43.which【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者的经历告诉青少年18岁生活的真正感受，以及生活的意义。【40题详解】考查介词。句意：在这里，我可以帮助你解决日常生活中的问题。结合句意表达“帮助某人某事”用helpsb.withsth.。故填with。【41题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我记得我在18岁时对生活既兴奋又恐惧。结合句意表达“记得做了某事”用rememberdoing，且逻辑主语I和feel之间是主动关系，因此用动名词作宾语。故填feeling。【42题详解】考查副词。句意：这是很正常的感觉。修饰形容词normal应用副词perfectly，表示“非常”。故填perfectly。【43题详解】考查定语从句。句意：有时候你会失败，会有痛苦的经历，这就是学习的过程，也是生活本身。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是主句所陈述的内容，从句缺少主语，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。C语法填空Thezooissomewherewealllovetogoduringtheweekendsandholidays.Nowthere’sachance____44____(raise)anadorableanimalatthezooaswell.Lastmonth,HongshanForestZoo____45____(launch)a“symbolicadoption(认养)”WeChatminiprogramtoraisefunds,causingaheated____46____(discuss)online.Throughtheminiprogram,animalloversgetto“raise”animalsbyfinancingtheirdailynecessities,likefoodandhealthmonitoring.【答案】44.toraise45.launched46.discussion【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是红山森林动物园推出的一项“象征认养”微信小程序筹集资金的活动，引起人们的热议。【44题详解】,考查非谓语动词。句意：现在也有机会在动物园养一只可爱的动物。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词短语作定语修饰chance，修饰chance通常情况下使用不定式结构，即achancetodosth意为“做某事的机会”，结合句意，此处表示的是主动意义。故填toraise。【45题详解】考查谓语动词。句意：上个月，红山森林动物园推出“象征认养”微信小程序筹集资金，在网上引发热议。分析句子可知，此处应填谓语动词形式，根据时间状语Lastmonth可知，应使用一般过去时态，根据句意可知，主语HongshanForestZoo与提示词launch之间为主动关系，且主语是单数。故填launched。【46题详解】考查名词。句意：上个月，红山森林动物园推出“象征认养”微信小程序筹集资金，在网上引发热议。根据空前heated为形容词可知，此处应填名词，并且前面有不定冠词a限制，所以填名词单数，discuss的名词是discussion。故填discussion。五、完形填空(每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Haveyoueverseenanangel?ProbablymostofuswouldsaynoandsowouldI.However,theconversationIhadwithmysisterAmyearlierthisweekchangedmythought.AmywouldhavetoexperiencetheChristmaswithoutherhusbandforthefirsttimebecausehediedinherarmsseveralmonthsago.LastThursday,shewasinthestore____47____foranidealcardforherkids.Timepassedbyquicklyasshereadthemanychoices.Sheneededacardthatsentsomething____48____toeachofthem,assheknewtheywouldhaveanemptyplaceintheirheartthisholidayseason.Finally!Shefoundtheonethatexpressedthe____49____feeling.Thewordsexpressedthefeelingsshewishedtoshare.However,asharppainpiercedherheartwhensherealizedthatthecardwasfrom“momanddad”.Shestood,holdingitcloseforalongtime,unabletomovefromthespot.____50____begantorunoverhercheeks.“IstheresomethingIcandoforyou?”a____51____voiceasked.Sheturnedtofaceastranger,awoman,whowaslookingatherwithquestionand____52____.“Uh…oh…OH!”Amyresponded,“Ican’tgivethiscardtomychildrenbecause...becausemyhusbanddiedandthisisthewrongcard.”Thestranger’sfacesoftenedwithsympathyandlove.She____53____outandpulledmysisterintoherarms,givingherunspokenpermissiontocryintheprotectionofherembrace.Shequietlyheldmysisteruntilher___54___returned.“Thankyouforlisteningtomecryon,”waswhatmysistersaidwhenallwasbetter.“Youarewelcome,andIamsosorryforyourloss,”thestrangeransweredandsaidgoodbyetoher.DuringhertellingofthiseventIwasfeeling____55____thatIhadn’tbeenthere.Mysisterneededmeanda,strangerhadtodomyjob.“Youknow,”shewenton,“afriendsuggestedthatitwaslikemeetingwithanAngel.”Myguilt____56____immediately.MysisterrequiredanAngel,andIthinkthatisexactlywhatshegot.47.A.payingB.caringC.lookingD.calling48.A.attractiveB.specialC.traditionalD.brilliant49.A.sadB.rightC.amazingD.strange50.A.LightsB.SweatsC.TearsD.Smiles51.A.firmB.proudC.coldD.gentle52.A.concernB.shockC.regretD.surprise53.A.reachedB.caughtC.sentD.threw54.A.confidenceB.courageC.happinessD.calmness55.A.shockedB.shyC.guiltyD.hopeless56.A.struckB.returnedC.sankD.disappeared【答案】47.C48.B49.B50.C51.D52.A53.A54.D55.C56.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者的妹妹Amy失去丈夫之后的痛苦被一个商店里遇到的陌生女士所化解的故事。【47题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：上周四，她在商店里为她的孩子们寻找一张理想的卡片。A.paying支付；B.caring关心；C.looking寻找；D.calling打电话。根据下文“anidealcardforherkids”可知，她在商店里为她的孩子们寻找一张理想的卡片。故选C。【48题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她需要一张卡片，给他们每个人都送去一些特别的东西，因为她知道在这个假期里，他们的心里都会有一个空的地方。A.attractive吸引人的；B.special特别的；C.traditional传统的；D.brilliant聪颖的。根据下文“assheknewtheywouldhaveanemptyplaceintheirheartthisholidayseason”可知，她需要一张卡片，给他们每个人都送去一些特别的东西，因为她知道在这个假期里，他们的心里都会有一个空的地方。故选B。【49题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她找到了一个能表达正确感觉的卡片。A.sad伤心的；B.right正确的；C.amazing令人惊讶的；D.strange奇怪的。根据下文“Thewordsexpressedthefeelingsshewishedtoshare”和下文“becausemyhusbanddiedandthisisthewrongcard”可知，她觉得她找到了一个能表达正确感觉的卡片。故选B。,【50题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：泪水开始从她的脸颊上流下来。A.Lights灯；B.Sweats汗水；C.Tears眼泪；D.Smiles微笑。根据下文“Thankyouforlisteningtomecryon”可知，Amy的泪水开始从她的脸颊上流下来。故选C。【51题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我能为你做点什么吗？”一个温柔的声音问道。A.firm坚定的；B.proud骄傲的；C.cold冷的；D.gentle温柔的。根据上文“IstheresomethingIcandoforyou”可知，那个女士的声音很温柔。故选D。【52题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她转过身来面对一个陌生人，一个女人，正带着疑问和关切地看着她。A.concern关心；B.shock震惊；C.regret后悔；D.surprise惊讶。根据上文“IstheresomethingIcandoforyou”可知，那位女士很关心作者的妹妹。故选A。【53题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她伸出手，把我妹妹抱在怀里，默默地允许她在自己的怀抱中哭泣。A.reached伸，伸手；B.caught抓住；C.sent发送；D.threw扔。根据下文“pulledmysisterintoherarms”可知，她伸出手，把作者的妹妹抱在怀里。故选A。【54题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她静静地抱着我妹妹，直到她恢复平静。A.confidence自信；B.courage勇气；C.happiness快乐；D.calmness平静。根据下文“whenallwasbetter”可知，她静静地抱着作者的妹妹，直到她恢复平静。故选D。【55题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在她讲述这件事的时候，我为自己没有在场而感到内疚。A.shocked震惊的；B.shy害羞的；C.guilty内疚的；D.hopeless绝望的。根据第10空前的“Myguilt”可知，作者因为自己没在场而内疚。故选C。【56题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的内疚感立刻消失了。A.struck撞；B.returned回来；C.sank下沉；D.disappeared消失。根据下文“MysisterrequiredanAngel,andIthinkthatisexactlywhatshegot”可知，作者的内疚感立刻消失了。故选D。六、阅读理解(每小题2分，共22分)阅读所给文章，根据文章内容从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A,RunningtotheLibraryThereareliterallythousandsofbooksaboutrunning,eachwiththeiruniquestoriesandangles.Herearefourthatmightinterestyou.lAdvancedMarathoning—2ndEditionbyPetePfitzinger,ScottDouglas($38.13)Shaveminutesoffyourtimeusingthelatestinscience-basedtrainingforseriousrunners.AdvancedMarathoninghasalltheinformationyouneedtotrainsmarterandarriveonthestartlinereadytorunthemarathonofyourlife.Includingmarathon-pacerunsandtemporuns,AdvancedMarathoningprovidesonlythemosteffectivemethodsoftraining.You’lllearnhowtoimproveyourrunningworkoutswithstrength,core,flexibility,andformtraining.lDeterminedtoWin:TheOvercomingSpiritofJeanDriscollbyJeanDriscoll($10.99)JeanDriscollwasnamed25thofthetop100womenathletesinthecenturybySportsIllustratedforWomen.Bornwithspinabifida(脊柱裂),Jeanwasneversupposedtowalk.Butbecauseofherintensedetermination,shenotonlylearnedtowalkbuttofly—inawheelchairacrossthefinishline.Inherautobiography,Jeanchronicles(按事件发生顺序记载)herflightfromphysicalparalysistotruespiritualfreedom.Sheshowsuswhatperseverancecanachieve.lBostonMarathonPortraits:PicturesofInspirationbyRaymondBritt($19.99)BostonMarathonPortraitsfeaturesdramaticimagesofanexceptionalrace:theBostonMarathon.Onraceday,Bostoncomesalivewithanticipation,excitementanddetermination.ThisbookpresentstheseemotionsandtheactionoftheBostonMarathon,focusingonstrikingscenesandphotosofrunnersbeforetherace,atthestartingline,thefinishlineandwhenthecelebrationoffinishingbegins.lWomenRunnersbyIreneReti,BettianneShoneySien($11.18)Thisanthology(选集)ofliteraryfiction,poems,andessaysbywomenrunnerscapturestheessenceofrunning,andthemanyhopesanddreamsofwomen.57.Whichbookwouldbeyourbestchoiceifyouwerelookingfortipsonmarathontraining?A.DeterminedtoWin:TheOvercomingSpiritofJeanDriscollB.BostonMarathonPortraits:PicturesofInspirationC.AdvancedMarathoning—2ndEdition,D.WomenRunners58.WhichcategorydoesDeterminedtoWin:TheOvercomingSpiritofJeanDriscollfallinto?A.Sciencefiction.B.Biography.C.Self-helpbook.D.Historicalfiction.59.WhatisBostonMarathonPortraits:PicturesofInspirationabout?A.Developmentofmarathon.B.Effectivetrainingmethods.C.Essayswrittenbyrunners.D.Amazingphotosofrunners.【答案】57.C58.B59.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本关于跑步的书。【57题详解】细节理解题。根据lAdvancedMarathoning—2ndEdition中的“Includingmarathon-pacerunsandtemporuns,AdvancedMarathoningprovidesonlythemosteffectivemethodsoftraining.You’lllearnhowtoimproveyourrunningworkoutswithstrength,core,flexibility,andformtraining.(包括马拉松配速跑和节拍跑，高级马拉松只提供最有效的训练方法。你将学习如何提高你的跑步训练与力量，核心，灵活性和形式训练)”可知，要寻找马拉松训练的技巧，应选择AdvancedMarathoning-2ndEdition。故选C。【58题详解】细节理解题。根据DeterminedtoWin:TheOvercomingSpiritofJeanDriscoll部分中“Inherautobiography,Jeanchronicles(按事件发生顺序记载)herflightfromphysicalparalysistotruespiritualfreedom.(在她的自传中，简记录了她从身体瘫痪到真正精神自由的历程)”可知，DeterminedtoWin:TheOvercomingSpiritofJeanDriscoll属于传记。故选B。【59题详解】细节理解题。根据BostonMarathonPortraits:PicturesofInspiration中的“ThisbookpresentstheseemotionsandtheactionoftheBostonMarathon,focusingonstrikingscenesandphotosofrunnersbeforetherace,atthestartingline,thefinishlineandwhenthecelebrationoffinishingbegins.(这本书呈现了这些情感和波士顿马拉松的行动，专注于比赛前、起跑线、终点线和终点庆祝开始时的惊人场景和照片)”可知，BostonMarathonPortraits:PicturesofInspiration是关于跑步者的惊人照片的。故选D。BAstechnologyisdevelopingrapidly,wecanactuallybuildVRheadsetsthatmeethighrequirements.TheinterestinVRrises,sodoestheinterestincreatingnewmediatobeexperiencedinusingVR.Journalismisamediumbuiltonrelevance.Journalistsarealwaysfindingnewmeanstotellstoriesandreportnews.Itisagoldmineforstorytelling.Whatbetterwaystotellastorytosomeonethantoputthemrightinthecenterofit?,PeoplearealreadymakinguseofVRinnews.CreativedirectorSpikeJonzeandvisualartistChrisMilkputviewersatthesceneoftheMillionsMarchprotestinNewYorkinDecember,2014.TheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniacreated“ProjectSyria,”whichallowsviewerstoexperiencethebombingofacrowdedneighborhoodandvisitarefugeecampinthewar-tomcountry.Thesearejustafewexamplesofagrowingnumberofprojectsthatareoutthere.VRisapowerfultoolforjournalists.Theconsumerisn’tjustreadingorwatchingsomethingplayout;they’reexperiencingit.Theimmersive(沉浸式的)natureofVRallowspeopletoconnectwiththesubjectmatteronamuchdeeperlevelthanjustreadingaboutit.Theexperienceisemotional,speakingmoretoourinstinct(本能)thanourintellect(智力).Thereareawiderangeofpossibilitiesforstorytellinghere,andanystorytellerwantingtodosomethingmoreinterestingthantheirpeersshouldsurelybeconsideringthesheerpowerofVR.ThequestionofVR,though,isnothowpowerfulitis.Thatisobvious.ThequestionofVRisoneofviability(可行性)andavailability.Tellingstoriesmustbeeasytodo,andaccesstothosestoriesmustbereadilyavailable.ThisisthebiggestchallengethatVRfaces.IfthetoolstotellastorywithVRaren’teasytopickupandlearn,VRwillfail.IfVRtechnologyisn’tbothtop-of-the-lineandaffordable,VRwillfail.“IthinkthatcurrentVRtechnologyisprettyexclusiverightnow,butit’sverypromisingthatitwillnotbeaprobleminthelongrun,”saidThomasHallaq,assistantprofessorofjournalismandmasscommunications.“We’reseeingmoretechnologybecomeaccessible,andmorepeoplehavingaccesstothattechnology.Justlookatsmartphones.”IfthetechnologyiswidelyavailableandcompanieslikeOculus,Samsung,HTCandValvecanovercometheinherentdifficulties,VRwillsucceedinbeingadesirablemeansofstorytelling.Likeradio,TVandtheInternetbeforeit,VRwillchangethewaywetellstories.60.WhyisVRconsideredapowerfultoolforjournalism?A.Becauseitisamediumbuiltonrelevance.B.Becauseitisverypopularandinteresting.C.Becauseitallowspeopletoexperiencethenewspersonally.D.Becauseitisanexclusivelynewtoolintellingnewsstories.61.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthebiggestchallengeVRisfacing?A.Whetheritiseasilyaccessibletopeople.B.Howpowerfulandinterestingitcanbe.C.WhetherqualifiedVRheadsetscanbebuilt.D.Whatnewwayspeoplewillfindtoreportnews.,62.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefutureofVRtechnology?A.Neutral.B.Positive.C.Negative.D.Concerned.63.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheChallengesofVirtualRealityB.TheWidePopularityofVirtualRealityC.TheFutureofStorytelling—VirtualRealityD.TheDevelopmentofVirtualRealityintheFuture【答案】60.C61.A62.B63.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了虚拟现实技术在报道新闻故事方面的作用以及它的未来发展前景。【60题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“VRisapowerfultoolforjournalists.Theconsumerisn’tjustreadingorwatchingsomethingplayout;they’reexperiencingit.TheimmersivenatureofVRallowspeopletoconnectwiththesubjectmatteronamuchdeeperlevelthanjustreadingaboutit.Theexperienceisemotional,speakingmoretoourinstinctthanourintellect.”（于记者来说，虚拟现实是一个强大的工具。消费者不只是阅读或观看某些内容;他们正在经历。虚拟现实的沉浸性让人们能够在更深层的层面上与主题联系起来，而不仅仅是阅读。这种体验是情绪化的，更多的是我们的本能，而不是我们的智力。）可知，虚拟现实被认为是新闻的强大工具是因为它能让人们亲身体验新闻。故选C项。【61题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“ThequestionofVRisoneofviabilityandavailability.Tellingstoriesmustbeeasytodo,andaccesstothosestoriesmustbereadilyavailable.ThisisthebiggestchallengethatVRfaces.”（虚拟现实是一个可行性和可用性的问题。讲故事必须容易做到，而且必须能够随时接触到这些故事。这是VR面临的最大挑战。）可知，根据文章，虚拟现实面临的最大挑战它是否容易为人们所接触到。故选A项。【62题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“IfthetechnologyiswidelyavailableandcompanieslikeOculus,Samsung,HTCandValvecanovercometheinherentdifficulties,VRwillsucceedinbeingadesirablemeansofstorytelling.Likeradio,TVandtheInternetbeforeit,VRwillchangethewaywetellstories.”（如果这项技术被广泛应用，Oculus、三星(Samsung)、HTC和Valve等公司能够克服固有的困难，VR将成功成为讲故事的理想手段。就像之前的广播、电视和互联网一样，虚拟现实将改变我们讲故事的方式。）故可推知，作者对VR技术的未来持积极乐观的态度。故选B项。【63题详解】,主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Journalistsarealwaysfindingnewmeanstotellstoriesandreportnews.Itisagoldmineforstorytelling.Whatbetterwaystotellastorytosomeonethantoputthemrightinthecenterofit?”（记者总是在寻找讲述故事和报道新闻的新方法。这是一个讲故事的金矿。还有什么比把他们放在故事的中心更好的方式来讲述一个故事呢？）以及最后一段中“Likeradio,TVandtheInternetbeforeit,VRwillchangethewaywetellstories.”（就像之前的广播、电视和互联网一样，虚拟现实将改变我们讲故事的方式。）可知，文章主要讲的是虚拟现实技术在报道新闻故事方面的作用以及它的未来发展前景。故文章最好的标题是“讲故事的未来——虚拟现实”。故选C项。CCanartificialintelligenceuncoveraliar?Itsoundslikesciencefiction,butsuchanAIsystemispossible.Thequestionis:Howaccuratecanitbe?RadaMihalcea,aprofessorofcomputerscienceandengineeringattheUniversityofMichigan,hasworkedondeception(欺骗)detectionforaboutadecade.ThisishowtheyconstructedoneAIdeceptiondetector,andhowitworks.Thefirstthingthatresearchersworkingonartificialintelligenceandmachinelearningneedisdata.InthecaseoftheworkthatMihalceadid,theybeganwithvideosfromactualcourtcases.Forexample,adefendantspeakinginatrialinwhichtheywerefoundguiltycouldprovideanexampleofdeceit(欺骗);theyalsousedtestimony(证词)fromwitnessesaseitherexampleoftruthfulordeceitfulstatements.Altogether,theyused121videoclipsandthecorrespondingtranscriptsofwhattheysaid—abouthalfrepresenteddeceptivestatements,andhalftruthful.Itwasthisdatathattheyusedtobuildmachinelearningclassifiersthatultimatelyhadbetweena60to75percentaccuracyrate.Onethingthesystemnoticedistheuseofpronouns—peoplewhoarelyingwouldtendtolessoftenusetheword‘I’or‘we’Mihalceaexplains.“Instead,peoplewhoarelyingwouldmoreoftenuse‘you,’‘yours,’‘he,’‘they,’and‘she.’”That’snottheonlylinguisticsignal:someonetellingaliewoulduse“strongerwords”that“reflectcertainty,”shesays.Examplesofthosetypesofwordsare“absolutely,”and“very,”whileinterestingly,peopletellingthetruthweremorelikelytousewordssuchas“maybe”or“probably.”“Ithinkpeoplewhoaredeceptivewouldtrytomakeupforthelietheyareputtingforward,”shesays,“andsotheytrytoseemmorecertainofthemselves.”Asforgestures,shepointsoutthatsomeonebeingdeceitfulwouldmorelikelylookdirectlyintotheeyesofthepersonquestioningthem.Theyalsotendedtousebothhandswhengesturing.Insteadofjustone—also,shesuspects,aspartoftryingtobeconvincing.However,Mihalcea’sworkis“farfromperfection,”sheconcedes.“Asaresearcher,wearecontentthatwewereabletogetto75percentaccuracy.”Butlookedatanotherway,that’sanerrorrateofoneinfour.Ultimately,sheseestechnologylikethisasbeingassistiveforpeople—itcould,forexample,indicatethatitnoticedsomething“unusual”,inaspeaker’sstatement,andthenperhapshaveaperson“investigatemore.”64.Whydidtheresearchersgathertestimonyfromthecourt?A.TotesttheaccuracyofAIdeceptiondetector.B.Toprovidedatabaseformachinelearning.C.Tohelpthejudgesfindtheguiltypeople.D.Tounderstandhowdeceptionworks.65.AccordingtoProfessorMihalcea,whichisasymbolofdeception?A.Avoidingdirecteyecontact.B.Usingfirst-personpronouns.CGesturingwithonlyonehand.D.Tryingtobesureofthemselves.66.WhatdoesProfessorMihalceathinkofthenewtechnology?A.Flawedbutpromising.B.Unsatisfyingbuthelpful.C.Accurateandmeaningful.D.Imperfectandimpractical.67.Whichwillbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.WillAIRidtheWorldofLiars?B.WhatCanAIDoforUsinCourt?C.WhereIsAILeadingUsintheFuture?D.CanAIBecomeaConvincingDetective?【答案】64.B65.D66.B67.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人工智能在揭穿欺骗方面做出的贡献，但同时它的准确率也是值得人们深入研究的。【64题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thefirstthingthatresearchersworkingonartificialintelligenceandmachinelearningneedisdata.”（研究人工智能和机器学习的研究人员首先需要的是数据。）以及“Forexample,adefendantspeakinginatrialinwhichtheywerefoundguiltycouldprovideanexampleofdeceit;theyalsousedtestimonyfromwitnessesaseitherexampleoftruthfulordeceitfulstatements.”（例如，被告在被判有罪的审判中发言可以提供欺骗的例子；他们还使用证人的证词作为真实或欺骗性陈述的例子。）可知，研究人员要从法庭上收集证词是为机器学习提供数据基础。故选B项。【65题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中““Ithinkpeoplewhoaredeceptivewouldtrytomakeupforthelietheyareputting,forward,”shesays,“andsotheytrytoseemmorecertainofthemselves.””（她说：“我认为那些有欺骗性的人会试图弥补他们所提出的谎言，所以他们试图让自己看起来更自信。”）可知，根据米哈尔恰教授的说法，试图肯定自己是欺骗的象征。ABC项均与原文实意不符。故选D项。【66题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“However,Mihalcea’sworkis“farfromperfection,”sheconcedes.“Asaresearcher,wearecontentthatwewereabletogetto75percentaccuracy.”Butlookedatanotherway,that’sanerrorrateofoneinfour.Ultimately,sheseestechnologylikethisasbeingassistiveforpeople—itcould,forexample,indicatethatitnoticedsomething“unusual”inaspeaker’sstatement,andthenperhapshaveaperson“investigatemore.””（然而，米哈尔恰承认，她的作品“远非完美”。“作为一名研究人员，我们对能够达到75%的准确率感到满意。”但从另一个角度来看，错误率是四分之一。最终，她认为这样的技术对人们是有帮助的——例如，它可以表明它在发言者的声明中注意到一些“不寻常”的东西，然后可能会让一个人“进一步调查”。）故可推知，米哈尔恰教授对于这项新技术认为虽然不令人满意，但很有帮助。故选B项。【67题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“Canartificialintelligenceuncoveraliar?Itsoundslikesciencefiction,butsuchanAIsystemispossible.Thequestionis:Howaccuratecanitbe?”（人工智能能揭穿骗子吗？这听起来像科幻小说，但这样的人工智能系统是可能的。问题是：它能有多精确？）以及最后一段中“Ultimately,sheseestechnologylikethisasbeingassistiveforpeople—itcould,forexample,indicatethatitnoticedsomething“unusual”inaspeaker’sstatement,andthenperhapshaveaperson“investigatemore.””（最终，她认为这样的技术对人们是有帮助的——例如，它可以表明它在发言者的声明中注意到一些“不寻常”的东西，然后可能会让一个人“进一步调查”。）可知，文章主要介绍了人工智能在揭穿欺骗方面做出的贡献，但同时它的准确率也是值得人们考虑的。故文章最好的标题是“人工智能能成为令人信服的侦探吗？”。故选D项。七、信息还原。根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(每小题2分，共10分)Alllivingthingsneedclean,freshwatertosurvive.Ninety-sevenpercentofthewateronEarthisintheocean.Thesaltintheoceanwatermakesitunusablefordrinking.AnothertwopercentisfrozenintheicecapsandglaciersontheEarth.ThisleavesonepercentofthewateronEarthavailableforustouse.____68____Whereyoulive,theamountofrainthatfalls,andhowwateriscollectedandreservedallaffecttheamountofcool,clearwateravailable.Onefactorthatwecan’tchangeiswhereitwillrain.Theamountofrainanareareceivesaffectstheamountofwateravailableforuse.Somemajorcitiesarelocatedinareaswheretheycangetwaterfromtheground.Otherareas,usesurfacewaterfromlakes,rivers,orstreams.____69____AccordingtoastudydonebythestateofCalifornia,theaveragepersonusesoveronehundredgallonsofwaterperday.Waterisusedfordrinking,takingashowerorbath,brushingteeth,washinghands,cleaningdishes,doinglaundry,andflushingtoilets.Usingwaterwiselyisimportant.____70____Today,wehavemanyhelpfultoolstohelpussavewater.Therearelow-flowshowerheadsandfaucets(水龙头),dishwashersandwashingmachinesthatuseupto50%lesswater,andtoiletsthatuseonlyone-thirdofthewaterthattheydidafewyearsago.Installingtheseitemsinyourhomeisthefirstlineofdefenseagainstwastingwater.Therearemanyotherwaysyoucanhelp.Don’tleavethewaterrunningwhenyoubrushyourteeth.Takeashowerratherthanabath.____71____Ifyoufindone,letyourparentsknow.Agoodwaytohavecoolwateravailableallthetimeistokeepapitcherinthefridge.Thiswayyouwon’havetowaitforthewaterinthepipestobringyoucolderwatertodrink.Onlyrunyourclotheswasheranddishwasherwhentheyarefull.Thiscansavehundredsofgallonsofwaterayear.____72____Learningtouseitwiselywillensurethatitwillalwaysbeavailable.So,makeafussandconservewater.It’sworthit!A.It’salsoimportanttofixleakyfaucets.B.Waterisanimportantnaturalresource.C.Allofthesewillhelptoconservewater.D.Therearemanyfactorsthataffecttheamountofwateravailableforyou.E.Nomatterwhereyoulive,therearemanywaysyoucanhelpconservewater.F.Thoseplaceswithnowaterreadilyavailablemustpipewaterinfromfaraway.G.Nomatterwherewelive,wemustbecarefulwiththewaterwehaveinourpartoftheworld.【答案】68.D69.F70.E71.A72.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了影响我们用水量的因素，以及几种节约用水的方法和建议。【68题详解】根据下文“Whereyoulive,theamountofrainthatfalls,andhowwateriscollectedandreservedallaffecttheamountofcool,clearwateravailable.”（你住在哪里，降雨量，以及水是如何收集和储存的，这些都影响着可用的凉爽、清澈的水的量。）可知，讲的是可用水量。结合选项D项Therearemanyfactorsthataffecttheamountofwateravailableforyou.（有很多因素会影响你的用水量。）也是讲的可用水量的因素，和下文内容相关，下文是空格处内容的解释和说明。上下文语意连贯。故选D项。,【69题详解】根据上文“Somemajorcitiesarelocatedinareaswheretheycangetwaterfromtheground.Otherareasusesurfacewaterfromlakes,rivers,orstreams.”（一些大城市所处的地区可以从地下取水。其他地区使用来自湖泊、河流或溪流的地表水。）可知，讲的是获取水的渠道。结合选项F项Thoseplaceswithnowaterreadilyavailablemustpipewaterinfromfaraway.（那些没有现成水源的地方必须从远处用管道输水。）可知，讲的是没有现成水源来获取水的方法。上下文内容相关，都是讲的获取水的来源和方法。下文是上文内容的递进，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。【70题详解】由该空格处位于该段句首，可知为总结该段内容或与下文内容相关。该段下文“Today,wehavemanyhelpfultoolstohelpussavewater.”（今天，我们有许多有用的工具来帮助我们节约用水。）可知，讲的是关于怎样节约用水的。结合选项E项Nomatterwhereyoulive,therearemanywaysyoucanhelpconservewater.（无论你住在哪里，都有很多方法可以帮助你节约用水。）意思一致，为总结该段内容。故选E项。【71题详解】根据该段句首“Therearemanyotherwaysyoucanhelp.”（你还可以通过很多其他方式提供帮助。）提到其它方式节约水，并且下文提到两个例子。结合选项A项It’salsoimportanttofixleakyfaucets.（修理漏水的水龙头也很重要）也是一种节约用水的方法。再结合空格处下文“Ifyoufindone,letyourparentsknow.”（如果你发现了漏水的水龙头，让你的父母知道。）可知，这里的one指的是选项A中提到的水龙头。故选项A为上下文的承上启下，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。【72题详解】根据上文提到的一些节约用水的方法。以及下文“Learningtouseitwiselywillensurethatitwillalwaysbeavailable.”（学会明智地使用它将确保它永远可用。）结合选项C项Allofthesewillhelptoconservewater.（所有这些都将有助于节约用水。）为对上文内容的总结，下文是对空格处内容的补充说明。故选C项。八、阅读与表达(73、74题2分，75题3分，76题5分)阅读下面的短文，并根据短文内容回答后面的问题。Aspoonfulofpickles(榨菜)cansometimesmakeamealtastewaybetter.Recently,anewtypeofpickleisbeingdiscussed:“digitalpickledvegetables”.Itreferstothevideospeoplewatchwhileeating.Manypeoplethinkthatthevideoscanmaketheirfoodmoreappetizing.Thetopicreceivedmorethan16millionclicksonSinaWeiboandabout100,000peopleparticipatedinthediscussion.Insteadofhavingmealswithfriendsandfamilymembers,manyyoungpeopleinChinaarekeptcompanybyTVshowsorshortvideos.Manybelievethattheirfoodistastierwiththe“digitalpickles”.Canthishabitaffectyourdiet?Accordingtoaresearchpaperpublishedin2019,youmayeatmore,unconsciously.Theinternationalresearchteamasked62volunteerstofollowdifferenteatingpatternsonfourdifferentdays.Thepatternsincludedeatingwhilelookingatthemobilephone,readingmagazinesandwithoutdistraction.Afteranalyzingtheirdiets,theteamdiscoveredthateatingwithadistractionincreasedcaloricingestion(卡路里摄入)byabout15percent.Toexplorethereason,theteamalsoinvitedtwogroupsofpeople:onegroupatewhilelisteningtoanaudioclip(音频剪辑)aboutanotherpersoneatingandtheotherlistenedtoaclipthathelpedthemimaginethemselveseating.Theresultsshowedthatthesecondgroupatelesssincetheyweremorefocusedontheirmeals.Whenweeatwiththe“digitalpickles”,ourattentioncanbedistracted,whichleadstoeatingmorethanexpected.Thisworksnotonlyforeatingmealsbutotherdemandingtasksaswell.AresearchprojectledbytheUniversityofSussex,UK,pointedoutthatactivitieswhichrequirelotsofattentiontrickmanyparticipantsintoovereating.Theteaminvited120participantstodovarioustaskswhileprovidingthemwithdrinksandsnacks.“Ourstudysuggeststhatifyou’reeatingordrinkingwhileyourattentionisdistractedbyahighlyengagingtask,you’relesslikelytobeabletotellhowfullyoufeel,”oneoftheauthorsMartinYeomansexplained.73.Whatis“digitalpickledvegetables”?_______________________________________________________________________________________________74.Howwilleatingwhilewatchingvideosaffectpeople’sdiet?_______________________________________________________________________________________________75.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.ØPeopleovereatwhendoingdemandingtasksbecausetheyneedtheirfoodtodistractandcomfortthem._______________________________________________________________________________________________76.Onlinevideoscanmakeusovereat,whichistheirdisadvantage.Canyouthinkoftwobenefitstheycanbringtoyou?(Inabout40words)_______________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】73.Itreferstothevideospeoplewatchwhileeating.74.Peoplemayeatmoreunconsciously.75.Peopleovereatwhendoingdemandingtasksbecausetheyneedtheirfoodtodistractandcomfortthem.Peopleovereatwhendoingdemandingtasksbecausetheyfocustheirattentiononthedemandingtasks.Becauseactivities,whichrequirelotsofattentiontrickmanyparticipantsintoovereating.76.Firstofall,itallowsustorelaxforawhileafteraday'swork,inaddition,Icanallowustogetsocialnews,knowledgeandentertainmentinformationquickly.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是当前的一种社会现象，很多人在吃饭的时候看自己喜欢的视频，被称之为“电子榨菜”，分析了“电子榨菜”能下饭的原因以及影响。【73题详解】考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Recently,anewtypeofpickleisbeingdiscussed:“digitalpickledvegetables”.Itreferstothevideospeoplewatchwhileeating.(最近，一种新型的泡菜正在讨论中：“电子榨菜”。它指的是人们在吃饭时观看的视频)”可知，“电子榨菜”指的是边吃饭边看的视频。故答案是Itreferstothevideospeoplewatchwhileeating.【74题详解】考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Canthishabitaffectyourdiet?Accordingtoaresearchpaperpublishedin2019,youmayeatmoreunconsciously.(这个习惯会影响你的饮食吗？根据2019年发表的一篇研究论文，你可能会在不知不觉中吃得更多)”可知，根据研究发现，边吃饭边看视频会让我们吃饭的注意力分散，最终会导致我们吃得过多。故答案是Peoplemayeatmoreunconsciously.【75题详解】考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“AresearchprojectledbytheUniversityofSussex,UK,pointedoutthatactivitieswhichrequirelotsofattentiontrickmanyparticipantsintoovereating.(由英国萨塞克斯大学领导的一项研究项目指出，需要大量注意力的活动会诱使许多参与者暴饮暴食)”可知，当我们的注意力没有集中在吃饭上，而是集中在需要更多注意力的活动中时，我们就会吃的过多，由此可知，句子中的“theyneedtheirfoodtodistractandcomfortthem.”是错误的，应改为“theyfocustheirattentiononthedemandingtasks.(他们将注意力集中在要求苛刻的任务上)”，因为他们把注意力集中在要求很高的任务中。故答案是Peopleovereatwhendoingdemandingtasksbecausetheyneedtheirfoodtodistractandcomfortthem.Peopleovereatwhendoingdemandingtasksbecausetheyfocustheirattentiononthedemandingtasks.Becauseactivitieswhichrequirelotsofattentiontrickmanyparticipantsintoovereating.。【76题详解】开放性题目。言之有理即可，注意字数限制。网络视频有一些弊端，但我们不能否认其带来的好处，网络视频可以给人们一天的劳累带来片刻的放松，也可以让我们在短时间内获取各方面的信息。故答案可以为Firstofall,itallowsustorelaxforawhileafteraday'swork,inaddition,itcanallowustogetsocialnews,knowledgeandentertainmentinformationquickly.,九、书面表达(共15分)77.假设你是红星中学高一学生李华，春节将至，你校英国交换生Jim接受了来你家共度除夕的邀请，请你就他关心的问题写一封邮件。内容包括：1.很高兴他接受了邀请;2.介绍你家除夕的安排;3.期待他的到来。注意：1.词数不少于50;2.开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________YoursSincerely,LiHua【答案】DearJim,I’mgladtohearthatyouwillspendSpringFestivalEvewithmyfaimly!NowI’mgoingtotellyouourarrangements.Tocelebratethespecialoccasion,wehavemanyactivitiesplanned.Inthemorining,myfather,acalligraphylover,willwritesomecopiesoftheChinesecharacter“Fu”,meaninggoodluck.Youmayjoinmeingivingthemtoourneighbours,anactospreadinghappinessandjoy.Preparationsforthebigeveningfeastusuallystartintheafternoon.Mymomwillcookvarietiesofdeliciousfood,includingyourfavoriteJiaozi.Wecanhelpher.Intheevening,watchingtheSpringFestivalGalaispartofthecelebration.Joinusandlet’shavefuntogether!Isincerelylookforwardtoyourarrival.YoursSincerely,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生告诉外国交换生Jim非常高兴他能来家里过春节，并告知他家里春节的安排。【详解】1.词汇积累,高兴的：glad→delighted庆祝：celebrate→observe各种各样的：varietiesof→allkindsof帮助某人：helpsb.→givesb.ahand2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Intheevening,watchingtheSpringFestivalGalaispartofthecelebration.拓展句：Intheevening,watchingtheSpringFestivalGalaispartofthecelebration,whichmayleaveandeepimpressiononyou.【点睛】【高分句型1】I’mgladtohearthatyouwillspendSpringFestivalEvewithmyfaimly!（运用了that引导的宾语从句）【高分句型2】Tocelebratethespecialoccasion,wehavemanyactivitiesplanned.（运用了动词不定式作目的状语）,