北京市东城区2022-2023学年高一英语上学期期末试卷（Word版附解析）

东城区2022—2023学年度第一学期期末统一检测高一英语本试卷共10页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用(共两节，共25分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。MyfamilymovedtoPerth,AustraliawhenIwassix.Onthefirstdayofschool,Iwas___1___becauseIcouldn’tevensayhelloinEnglish.ThenImetNatsumi.HerfamilyhadjustmovedtoAustraliafromJapan.UnabletospeakawordofEnglish,wecouldonly___2___throughbodylanguage,butthisdidnotstopusfrombecomingfast___3___.MymumhasaclearmemoryofonecartripwhenNatsumiandIweresittinginthebackseat,laughingandtalkingtoeachotherinbrokenEnglish,ItwasthefirsttimeIhadfelt___4___enoughtospeakthefewwordsIhadlearnedthroughouttheyear.Unfortunately,attheendofthatyear,Natsumi’sfamilymovedtoQueenslandandminetoNewSouthWales.Welost___5___.Yearslater,Iwentintotrainingasateacher,teachingEnglishtonewly-arrivedstudentsandadults.ManyofmystudentswereJapanese,which___6___meofNatsumi.ThoughIhadlongbeenlookingforher,mysearcheshadsofarlednowhere.OnavisittoJapanin2018,I___7___again.Havingspentalongnightonline,IcameacrosssomeonenamedNatsumi.Tryingmyluck,Isentheramessage.Thenextday,therewasa___8___:“Gabi?GabifromPerth?”Weagreedonadateandmetupfordinner.Seeingheragainwas___9___.However,thistime,wewerenotonlyabletocommunicatewithoneanotherinEnglish,but____10____so.1.A.angryB.frightenedC.excitedD.curious2.A.exploreB.improveC.studyD.communicate3.A.friendsB.roommatesC.advisersD.travellers4.A.shockedB.confidentC.upsetD.calm5.A.heartB.hopeC.interestD.touch6.A.warnedB.remindedC.informedD.freed 7.A.appliedB.trackedC.triedD.failed8.A.replyB.tipC.contactD.sign9.A.awkwardB.impossibleC.attractiveD.unbelievable10.A.honestlyB.peacefullyC.fluentlyD.politely【答案】1.B2.D3.A4.B5.D6.B7.C8.A9.D10.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，叙述了作者六岁时搬到澳大利亚遇到了同样不会说英文的Natsumi，两人虽然不会讲英文，但在一起度过了美好的时光。后来，两人都搬家便失去联系，经过作者不断尝试最终两人再次取得联系。【1题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在上学的第一天，我很紧张害怕，因为我甚至不会用英语打招呼。A.angry生气的；B.frightened害怕的；C.excited兴奋的；D.curious好奇的。根据下文“becauseIcouldn’tevensayhelloinEnglish”而可知，作者因为甚至不会用英语打招呼，所以开学第一天应该是害怕的心情。故选B项。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们不会说英语，只能通过肢体语言交流，但这并不妨碍我们很快成为朋友。A.explore探索；B.improve提升；C.study学习/研究；D.communicate交流。根据下文“throughbodylanguage”可知我们不会说英语，所以只能通过肢体语言来交流。故选D项。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们不会说英语，只能通过肢体语言交流，但这并不妨碍我们成为挚友。A.friends朋友；B.roommates室友；C.advisers顾问；D.travellers旅行者。根据句意，两个人虽然不会说英语，但是通过肢体语言成为朋友，文章未提及两人有其他关系。故选A项。【4题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是我第一次有足够的信心说出我在这一年里学到的几个单词。A.shocked震惊的；B.confident有信心的；C.upset心烦意乱的；D.calm平静的。根据上一句“MymumhasaclearmemoryofonecartripwhenNatsumiandIweresittinginthebackseat,laughingandtalkingtoeachotherinbrokenEnglish(我妈妈清楚地记得有一次坐车旅行，Natsumi和我坐在后座上，用蹩脚的英语谈笑风生)”可知两人虽然不会说英语，但是可以谈笑风生，作者不再感到害怕，变得越来越有信心。故选B项。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们失去了联系。A.heart心脏；B.hope希望；C.interest兴趣；D.touch触摸/联系。根据上文“Unfortunately,attheendofthatyear,Natsumi’sfamilymovedtoQueenslandandminetoNew SouthWales(不幸的是，那年年底，Natsumi一家搬到了昆士兰州，我家搬到了新南威尔士州)”可知，两人都搬家，失去联系。故选D项。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的很多学生是日本人，这让我想起了Natsumi。A.warned警告；B.reminded提醒；C.informed通知；D.freed释放。根据上文“Yearslater,Iwentintotrainingasateacher,teachingEnglishtonewly-arrivedstudentsandadults(几年后，我接受了教师培训，教新来的学生和成年人英语)”可知，作者成为了一名老师，而且他的很多学生是日本人，这让他想到了Natsumi。remindsbofsth“让某人想起某事”。故选B项。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2018年访问日本时，我又试了一次。A.applied申请；B.tracked跟踪；C.tried尝试；D.failed失败。根据上文“ThoughIhadlongbeenlookingforher,mysearcheshadsofarlednowhere(虽然我一直在找她，但到目前为止一无所获)”可知，作者一直在寻找Natsumi但一无所获。所以在2018年访问日本时又试了一次，想要联系上Natsumi。故选C项。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二天，有人回复道：“加比？珀斯的加比?”A.reply回复；B.tip尖端/小费；C.contact联系；D.sign标志。根据上文“Havingspentalongnightonline,IcameacrosssomeonenamedNatsumi.Tryingmyluck,Isentheramessage(在网上度过了漫长的一夜之后，我遇到了一个叫Natsumi的人。碰碰运气，我给她发了个信息)”可知作者发了信息收到了回复。故选A项。【9题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：能再次见到她有些难以置信。A.awkward尴尬的；B.impossible不可能的；C.attractive吸引人的；D.unbelievable难以置信的。根据上文“Tryingmyluck,Isentheramessage(碰碰运气，我给她发了个信息)”却没有想到收到了回复，联系上了Natsumi，说明联系上Natsumi并再次见到她这件事是令人难以置信的。故选D项。【10题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这一次，我们不仅能用英语交流，而且很流利。A.honestly诚实地；B.peacefully和平地；C.fluently流利地；D.politely礼貌地。根据前文“Yearslater,Iwentintotrainingasateacher,teachingEnglishtonewly-arrivedstudentsandadults(几年后，我接受了教师培训，教新来的学生和成年人英语)”可知作者儿时不会说英语，现在已经成为英语老师。根据最后一句“However,thistime,wewerenotonlyabletocommunicatewithoneanotherinEnglish,but________so.”中“however”可知两人儿时不会说英语，但是现在不仅用英语交流而且可以流利地交流。故选C项。第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Goingfromjuniorhighschooltoseniorhighschoolisareallybigchallenge.Thefirstweekwasalittle____11____(confuse).First,IhadtothinkverycarefullyaboutwhichcoursesIwantedtotake.Theschooladviserhelpedmechoosethesuitableones:maths,English,chemistry,worldhistory,andChinese.IknowthatChineseisaverydifficultlanguage,____12____IhopetobefluentwhenIgraduate.MyadviserrecommendedthatIshouldsignupforadvancedliterature____13____IlikeEnglishandI’mgoodatit.【答案】11.confusing12.but13.because##as##for【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者刚进入高中后关于选科的一些经历和想法。【11题详解】考查形容词。句意：第一周有点混乱。分析句子可知，空处填形容词作表语，表示“令人困惑的，混乱的”用ing结尾的形容词。故填confusing。【12题详解】考查并列连词。句意：我知道中文是一门很难的语言，但我希望毕业时能说流利。分析句子可知，空处填连词，并列前后两个分句，结合句意表示转折关系。故填but。【13题详解】考查状语从句。句意：我的导师建议我报名高级文学。因为我喜欢英语，而且我擅长英语。分析句子可知，空处引导状语从句，表示原因。故填because/as/for。B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。WhenMichaelJordan’sfeetlefttheground,timeseemedtostandstill.Theplayer____14____becameknownas“AirJordan”changedbasketballwithhisgracefulmovesandjumps.Jordan’s____15____(skill)wereimpressive,butthementalstrengththatheshowedmadehimunique.Inthefinalsecondsofagame,Jordanalwaysseemedtofindawaytowin.Jordansaysthatthesecrettohissuccessislearning____16____hisfailures.Losinggamestaughthimtopracticeharderandnevergiveup.【答案】14.who##that15.skills16.from 【解析】【导语】文本是一篇人物传记。主要介绍了空中飞人乔丹的篮球技巧和体育精神。【14题详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位被称为“空中飞人”的球员，他优雅的动作和跳跃改变了篮球。根据后面的谓语动词changed可知前面是一个从句，作player的定语，先行词为player，从句中缺少主语，故填who/that。【15题详解】考查名词。句意：乔丹的技巧令人印象深刻，但他所表现出的精神力量使他独一无二。skill（技巧）是可数名词，根据后面的were可知，句子的主语用复数，故填skills。【16题详解】考查介词。句意：乔丹说他成功的秘诀是从失败中学习。根据句意以及横线后的hisfailures是名词短语可知，横线上可填入介词来连接名词短语，构成介宾结构。learnfrom“从……中学习”符合题意。故填from。C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。HurricaneIan,apowerfulstorm____17____hitCubaearlierthisweek,grewtoastrongstormbeforemakinglandfallonFlorida’swestcoast.Atleast125people,including120inFloridaand5inNorthCarolina,____18____(die)sincethedisasterhappened.Lastweek,IansweptsouthwesternFlorida,bringingheavyrainsanddangerousflooding.NinetypercentofFortMyersBeach____19____(destroy)byit.Rightnowrescueworkers____20____(work)harddayandnighttomakesurepeoplearesafe.【答案】17.that##which18.havebeendead19.wasdestroyed20.areworking【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了“伊恩”飓风所造成的的损害。【17题详解】考查定语从句。句意：本周早些时候袭击古巴的强风暴“伊恩”飓风在佛罗里达州西海岸登陆前升级为强风暴。分析句子结构，此处考查限制性定语从句，修饰先行词apowerfulstorm，指物，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that或which来引导。故答案为that/which。【18题详解】 考查时态。句意：自灾难发生以来，至少有125人死亡，其中佛罗里达州120人，北卡罗来纳州5人。分析句子结构，该空在句中作谓语动词，由“sincethedisasterhappened”可知，时态为现在完成时。故答案为havebeendead。【19题详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：百分之九十的迈尔斯堡海滩被它摧毁了。由前文句意可知，时态为一般过去时，主语NinetypercentofFortMyersBeach和destroy之间是被动关系，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态；百分数后面所接的名词为单数或不可数名词，在句中作主语时，谓语动词则用单数形式，所以填wasdestroyed。故答案为wasdestroyed。【20题详解】考查时态。句意：现在，救援人员日夜努力工作，以确保人们的安全。根据时间提示词“Rightnow”可知，时态为现在进行时，所以填areworking。故答案为areworking。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，共28分)第一节(共9小题;每小题2分，共18分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATheLongjiRiceTerracesDayTourOverviewPrice:U.S.$128PerPersonTime:EveryDayat8:00amDuration:9hoursHighlights—PrivateGuidedTourforphotographylovers—Exploretheextremelyattractivericeterraces—ExperiencetheuniquecustomsandlifestyleoflocalZhuangvillageDescription TheLongjiRiceTerracesarethemostamazingterracesinChina.Withahistoryofaround700years,theLongjiRiceTerracesshowboththegreatwisdomandphysicaleffortsoftheZhuangpeople.ItineraryAt8:00am,yourtourguideanddriverwillpickyouupfromyourhotelinGuilinandtransportyoutotheamazingLongjiTerraces.(*Touristsstayingoutsideofthecitycenterneedtopayanextrafee.)Afteratwo-hourdrive,youwillreachtheentrancetotheLongjiTerraces,whereyouwilltakeaneco-sightseeingbustoPing’anVillage.Thenthetourguidewillshowyouaroundthevillage.Lunchisonyourown.Yourexpertguidecangiveyousomeadviceonthefoodchoicesinthevillage.Afterashortlunchbreak,walkfor20minutestoNo.2ViewingPlatform,aperfectplaceforawonderfulviewoftheterracesbeneath.Youwillhaveenoughtimetotakepicturesandenjoythefreshair.Otherservices◇Hotelpick-upanddrop-off◇PrivateEnglish-speakingguide◇Privatedriver&air-conditionedvehicle◇Entrancefeestotouristsites21.Thetourissuitableforpeoplewholike______.A.localfoodB.studyinghistoryC.takingphotosD.cityadventures22.Whatinformationcantravellersgetfromtheitinerary?A.Thetourlasts2hours.B.Lunchisincludedintheprice.C.Transporttoriceterracesisfree.D.No.2ViewingPlatformisamust-go.23.Thepurposeofthepassageisto______.A.giveadviceonhikingB.promoteapackagetourC.introduceatouristattractionD.providegeographicinformation【答案】21.C22.D23.B【解析】【导语】本文为一篇应用文。文章介绍了桂林地区的龙脊梯田一日游的信息。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据Highlights的第一条“PrivateGuidedTourforphotographylovers(为摄影爱好者提供私人导览服务)”可知，这个旅游适合喜欢摄影的游客。故选C项。【22题详解】 推理判断题。根据Itinerary的第三段“Afterashortlunchbreak,walkfor20minutestoNo.2ViewingPlatform,aperfectplaceforawonderfulviewoftheterracesbeneath.Youwillhaveenoughtimetotakepicturesandenjoythefreshair.(在短暂的午餐休息后，步行20分钟到达2号观景台，在这里可以欣赏到下面露台的美景。你将有足够的时间拍照和呼吸新鲜空气。)”可知，2号观景台处可以欣赏到美景，并且也留足了拍照时间，所以2号观景台是游客必去之地。故选D项。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据文章标题TheLongjiRiceTerracesDayTour(龙脊梯田一日游)，并通读全文，文章介绍了桂林地区一个规模宏大的梯田群龙脊梯田的一日游的信息，包括价格、出发时间、活动时间，旅行中的最精彩的部分和特点描述，以及具体的行程安排，故这篇文章的目的是推广龙脊梯田一日游的跟团旅行。故选B项。BTheolderyouget,themoredifficultitistolearnanewlanguage.Butnooneknowsexactlywhatthecutoffpointis—atwhatageitbecomesharder.Inoneofthelargeststudies,researchersfromBoston-baseduniversitiesfoundthatchildrenaregoodatlearningasecondlanguageupuntiltheageof18,about10yearslaterthanearlierthought.Butthestudyalsoshowedthatitisbesttostartbyage10ifyouwanttoachievethegrammaticalfluencyofanativespeaker.Tosolvethisproblem,theresearchteamcollecteddataonaperson’sage,languagelevelandtimestudyingEnglish.Theycreatedashortonlinegrammarquizcalled“WhichEnglish?”thattestednoun-verbagreement,pronouns,prepositionsandrelativeclauses,amongotherlinguisticelements.Theywantedtofindoutwhenthe“criticalperiod”forachievingthehighestlevelsofgrammaticalfluencyends.Basedonpeople’sgrammarscoresandinformationabouttheirlearningofEnglish,theresearchersdevelopedmodelstofindouthowlongittakestobecomefluentinalanguageandthebestagetostartlearning.Theyconcludedthattheabilitytolearnanewlanguage,atleastgrammatically,isstrongestuntiltheageof18.Tobecomecompletelyfluent,however,learningshouldstartbeforetheageof10.Therearethreemainideasastowhylanguage-learningabilityfallsat18:socialchanges,interference(干扰)fromone’sprimarylanguageandcontinuingbraindevelopment.At18,kidstypicallygraduatefromhighschoolandstartcollegeorentertheworkforcefull-time.Oncetheydo,theymaynolongerhavethetime,opportunitytostudyasecondlanguage.Oritispossiblethatafteronemastersafirstlanguage,itsrulesinterferewiththeabilitytolearnasecondlanguage.Finally,changesinthebrainthatcontinueduringthelateteensandearly20smaysomehowmakelearningharder.Thisisnottosaythatwecannotlearnanewlanguageifweareover20.Therearemanyexamplesofpeople whopickupalanguagelaterinlife.AlthoughthestudywasconductedonlyinEnglish,theresearchersbelievethefindingswilltransfertootherlanguagesandtheyaredevelopingsimilartestsforSpanishandMandarin.24.InParagraph2,“thisproblem”refersto______.A.atwhatagepeoplecandothequizB.howpeopleimprovetheirlanguageskillsC.whypeoplefindithardtomastergrammarrulesD.inwhatperiodpeoplecanlearnanewlanguagewell25.Whydoespeople’slanguage-learningabilityfallat18?A.Becausetheyhavenogoodlearningenvironment.B.Becausetheyarebusydevelopingotherlifeskills.C.Becausetheyneedn’timprovethelanguageability.DBecausetheyfocusmoreontheirprimarylanguage.26.Whydoestheauthorwritethepassage?A.Toexplainafinding.B.Toprovideasolution.C.Toleadadiscussion.D.Tosupportanopinion.【答案】24.D25.A26.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究人员发现学习第二语言与年龄之间的关系，18岁时语言学习能力下降，如果想达到母语者的语法流利程度，最好从10岁开始学习。【24题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段“Theolderyouget,themoredifficultitistolearnanewlanguage.Butnooneknowsexactlywhatthecutoffpointis—atwhatageitbecomesharder.(你的年龄越大，学习一门新语言就越困难。但没有人确切地知道截止点是什么，在什么年龄会变得更难)”可知，这是人们面临的问题，所以研究人员想要解决的问题是在什么时期人们可以学好一门新的语言。故选D项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“At18,kidstypicallygraduatefromhighschoolandstartcollegeorentertheworkforcefull-time.Oncetheydo,theymaynolongerhavethetime,opportunitytostudyasecondlanguage.(18岁时，孩子们通常从高中毕业，开始上大学或全职工作。一旦他们开始上大学或者工作，他们可能就没有时间和机会学习第二语言了)”可知，人们在18岁时会开始上大学或者开始工作，所以没有了学习第二语言 的时间和机会，即他们没有了学习第二语言的好的学习环境。故选A项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Inoneofthelargeststudies,researchersfromBoston-baseduniversitiesfoundthatchildrenaregoodatlearningasecondlanguageupuntiltheageof18,about10yearslaterthanearlierthought.Butthestudyalsoshowedthatitisbesttostartbyage10ifyouwanttoachievethegrammaticalfluencyofanativespeaker.(在规模最大的研究之一中，波士顿大学的研究人员发现，孩子们在18岁之前都很擅长学习第二语言，这比之前想象的要晚10年左右。但研究还表明，如果你想达到母语者的语法流利程度，最好从10岁开始)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了研究人员发现学习第二语言与年龄之间的关系，18岁时语言学习能力下降，如果想达到母语者的语法流利程度，最好从10岁开始学习，所以作者写本篇文章是为了解释这一发现。故选A项。CAbout6millionto12millioncreaturesaredissected(解剖)inU.S.classroomseveryyear,accordingtotheNationalAnti-VivisectionSociety,ananimalrightsgroup.Whilemanystudentseagerlylookforwardtothechancetoexaminerealanimalsupclose,otherssaythatthere’snoeducationalvalueincuttingintoanimals’bodies.Shouldstudentsdissectrealanimals?DavidEvans,thedirectoroftheNationalScienceTeachersAssociation,arguesthatstudentsshouldbegiventhechancetodissectanimalsintheclassroom.Studentslearnbestinahands-onenvironmentwheretheycanworktogethertoexploreanddiscover.Interactingwithorganisms(生物)isaneffectivewaytohelpstudentsdevelopskillsofobservationandcomparisonandlearntheuniquestructures(结构)andprocessesoforganisms.Asgoodasmanymodelsorsimulationsmightbe,theyareverydifferentfromrealorganisms.Andhebelievestheyfallshortofproducingtherespectforlivingthingsthatcomesfromtheactualdissectionexperience.JonathanBalcombe,abiologistandalife-longanimalrightssupporter,says,“Ispentmanyyearsasabiologylabteacher.IrememberthehorriblefeelingIhadwhenitcametimeformyclasstodissectanimals.Thelessonrequiredthatstudentscutopenandexaminedeadfrogs,fetalpigs,sparrows,andothercreatures.Ifeltpityfortheseanimals,whoprobablysufferedbeforebeingkilled.AndIknewtheirpaincouldhavebeenavoided.Ifstudentsandteacherssawhowtheseanimalstypicallyendupontheirdesks,Ibelievethatdissectionswouldsoonstop.”Hepointsouttherearemanyeffectivechoicesforlearninganimaldissectionandphysiology,including3-Dmodels,videos,andcomputersoftware.HundredsofprogramsarefreethroughlendingserviceslikeTheScienceBank.Thesimulateddissectionscanberepeated,andtheprogramsprovidefeedback.Severalstudieshaveshownthatcomputermodelsandotherchoicesteachstudentsjustaswellasorbetterthantraditionalanimaldissection.I’mnotsurprisedthatnostaterequiresdissectiontograduatefromhighschool,andnocollegeoruniversity demandsitaspartoftheadmissionsprocess.Infact,lawsin18U.S.statesandWashington,D.C.supportastudent’srighttouseotherchoices.However,dissectioncouldhavealegalplaceineducationiftheanimalsdidnotsufferandwerenotintentionallykilled.Forexample,someschoolshavestudentsdissectanimalsthat“wereputtosleep”formedicalreasonsandwhosebodiesweredonatedtoscience.27.WhichofthefollowingmayEvansagreewith?A.Modelsareaseffectiveasactualdissections.B.Studentsareshortofchancestodissectanimals.C.Dissectinganimalshelpspeoplerespectcreatures.D.Studentsbenefitmuchmorewhenlearningingroups.28.WhatdoweknowaboutBalcombe’sviewondissectinganimals?A.Itcausespaintoanimals.B.Itadvancesmedicineresearch.C.Itshouldbemoreeducational.D.Itshouldbeputinschoolprograms.29Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Thenatureofdissection.B.Thenecessityofdissection.C.Theresultofdissectinganimals.D.Theresearchondissectedanimals.【答案】27.C28.A29.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要探讨了学生是否应该解剖真实的动物这一主题。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“DavidEvans,thedirectoroftheNationalScienceTeachersAssociation,arguesthatstudentsshouldbegiventhechancetodissectanimalsintheclassroom.(国家科学教师协会主席DavidEvans认为，应该给学生在课堂上解剖动物的机会)”和“Andhebelievestheyfallshortofproducingtherespectforlivingthingsthatcomesfromtheactualdissectionexperience.(他认为，这些实验模拟无法产生对生物的尊重，而这种尊重来自于实际的解剖经验)”可知，DavidEvans支持学生在课堂上进行真实动物的解剖，他认为实际的解剖实验可以产生对生物的尊重，所以C选项符合DavidEvans的观点。故答案为C。【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段JonathanBalcombe所说的话“Ifeltpityfortheseanimals,whoprobablysufferedbeforebeingkilled.AndIknewtheirpaincouldhavebeenavoided.(我为这些动物感到遗憾，它们在被杀死之前可能遭受了痛苦。我知道它们的痛苦是本可以避免的)”可推知，JonathanBalcombe并不支持实际的动物解剖，这种实验会造成对动物的痛苦和伤害，所以A选项符合他的观点。故答案为A。【29题详解】主旨大意题。这是一篇议论文，第一段提出了本篇文章的主题“Shouldstudentsdissectrealanimals?(学生应该解剖真实的动物吗?)”；第二段描述DavidEvans持支持态度，三四段描述了JonathanBalcombe持反对态度，最后一段作者主张如果动物没有遭受痛苦或被恶意伤害，解剖在教育中可以有一个合法的地位。所以B选项“Thenecessityofdissection.(解剖的必要性)”符合本篇文章的主题。故答案为B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。KeepSightofDryEyeDoyoureyesfeeluncomfortableordry?Ifso,youmighthavedryeyesyndrome(综合征).____30____Itcanaffecttheenjoymentofsocialactivitiesandyourabilitytofocusonyourstudies.Butsolutionsfordryeyesdoexist,soreadon.Inthepast,dryeyesyndromewasmainlyaconditionexperiencedbyolderadults,butitnowaffectsmanyyoungpeopleaswell.Dryeyeoftenresultsfromoveruseofcomputersorsmartphones,whichcausestheusertoblink(眨眼)less.Sinceblinkinghelpskeepoureyeswet,alack(缺少)ofitcanleadtodryeye.____31____Asaresult,thosewhospendalotoftimeindoorsareparticularlyatrisk.Finally,wearingamedicalmaskcancausedryeye,sincebreathingwithamaskoncanforceairoutthroughthetopofthemaskandintooureyes.____32____Thefirststeptowardpreventioniscleanliness.Whenyouwashyourface,cleanyoureyeswithamildsoap.Then,coveryoureyeswithawarm,wetcloth.Preventingdryeyealsomeansavoidingtirednessintheeyes,sotakefrequentbreakswhenusingyourcomputer.Whileyou’reonacomputerbreak,focusonblinking,makingsurethatyoucloseyoureyesfullyoneachblink.____33____Anotherwaytopreventdryeyeistodrinkmorewater.Forgoodoverallhealth,expertsadvisedrinking8to10glassesofwaterperday,whichwillincreasetearproduction.Ifyousufferfromdryeyesyndrome,thesestepscangoalongwaytowardmakingyoureyesfeelbetter.However,iftheproblemdoesn’tgoaway,thenit’stimetoseeadoctor.____34____A.Afterall,yourhealthisworthkeepinganeyeon.B.Blinkingcanhelpprotectthesurfaceofyoureyes. C.Thishappenswhenyoudon’tproduceenoughtears.D.Air-conditioningandfansalsocontributetodryeye.E.Limitscreentimeandtakebreaksfromstaringatscreens.F.Treatmentsfordryeyescanincludeeyeexercisesandeyedrops.G.Allittakesisafewlifestylechangestopreventandtreatdryeyesyndrome.【答案】30.C31.D32.G33.B34.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了干眼症的产生原因及预防方法。【30题详解】根据上文“Ifso,youmighthavedryeyesyndrome(综合征).(如果是这样，你可能患有干眼症)”及下文“Itcanaffecttheenjoymentofsocialactivitiesandyourabilitytofocusonyourstudies.(它会影响你参加社交活动的乐趣以及你专注于学习的能力)”可知，it此处指干眼症，提到干眼症的影响，所以空处应该讲述干眼症的发生的条件是什么。由此可知，C选项“当你没有产生足够的眼泪时，就会发生这种情况。”能够承上启下，讲述了干眼症发生的条件。故选C。【31题详解】上文“Dryeyeoftenresultsfromoveruseofcomputersorsmartphones,whichcausestheusertoblink(眨眼)less.(眼睛干涩常常是由于过度使用电脑或智能手机造成的，这会导致使用者眨眼次数减少)”讲述了干眼症产生的一个原因。下文“Finally,wearingamedicalmaskcancausedryeye(最后，戴医用口罩会导致眼睛干涩)”提到了眼睛干涩的另一个原因，所以空处应该是承接上文，同样讲述眼睛干涩的原因。由此可知，D选项“空调和风扇也会导致眼睛干涩”能够承上启下，讲述了室内空调和风扇是产生眼睛干涩的原因，与下文“Asaresult,thosewhospendalotoftimeindoorsareparticularlyatrisk.(因此，那些长时间呆在室内的人尤其危险)”构成了客观上的因果关系。故选D。【32题详解】下文“Thefirststeptowardpreventioniscleanliness.(预防的第一步是清洁)”提到了解决眼睛干涩的办法。因而，空处应是总结说明解决眼睛干涩的方法就是生活方式的改变。由此可知，G选项“所有需要的是一些生活方式的改变，以防止和治疗干眼综合症。”能够衔接下文，说明了生活方式的改变可以防止和治疗干眼综合症，为下文提出解决方式做了铺垫。故选G。【33题详解】上文“Whileyou’reonacomputerbreak,focusonblinking,makingsurethatyoucloseyoureyesfullyoneachblink.(当你在用电脑休息的时候，集中注意力眨眼，确保每次眨眼的时候都完全闭上眼睛)”提到了看屏幕过久，休息时要集中注意力眨眼。因而空处应承接上文，讲述眨眼的意义是什么。由此可知，B选项“眨 眼有助于保护眼睛表面。”提到了眨眼的好处，符合题意。故选B。【34题详解】空处作为段落的末句，理应作总结性表达。根据上文“Ifyousufferfromdryeyesyndrome,thesestepscangoalongwaytowardmakingyoureyesfeelbetter.However,iftheproblemdoesn’tgoaway,thenit’stimetoseeadoctor.(如果你患有干眼症，这些步骤可以让你的眼睛感觉更好。然而，如果问题没有解决，那么是时候去看医生了)”可知，空处承接前文，讲述看医生可以保证我们的健康，即我们的健康是值得关注的。由此可知，A选项“毕竟，你的健康状况值得关注。”符合题意。故选A。第三部分(共三节，共47分)第一节选词填空(共15小题;每小题1分，共15分)A请用方框中的单词完成句子。strategydemandmajorrescueobviously35.Sugarisa______causeoftoothache.36.Theboywasintearsand______veryupset.37.Thesesports______bothspeedandstrength.38.Theladywastryingto______hersonfromthefire.39.Wemustdevelopa______todealwiththeproblem.【答案】35.major36.obviously37demand38.rescue39.strategy【解析】【35题详解】考查形容词。句意：糖是牙痛的一个主要原因。根据句意和句子结构，设空处应填形容词major，意为“重大的，主要的”，作前置定语。故填major。【36题详解】考查副词。句意：男孩哭了，显然很难过。根据句意和句子结构，设空处应填副词obviously，意“显然，显而易见”，作状语。故填obviously。【37题详解】 考查动词。句意：这些运动既要求速度又要求力量。根据句意和句子结构，设空处应填动词demand，意为“需要，需求”，作谓语动词；陈述客观事实，谓语动词用一般现在时，主语Thesesports为复数，谓语动词用原形。故填demand。【38题详解】考查动词。句意：那位女士正试图从火中救出她的儿子。根据句意和句子结构，设空处应填动词rescue，意为“营救，援救”，此处考查动词短语trytodosth，空前有to，故设空处应用动词原形。故填rescue。【39题详解】考查名词。句意：我们必须制定一个策略来处理这个问题。根据句意和句子结构，设空处应填单数名词strategy，意为“策略，行动计划”，作宾语。故填strategy。B请用方框中的短语完成句子。addictedtoapplyforlookingforwardtoinruinstakecontrolof40.Mikeis______computergames.41.Aftertheearthquake,thewholecitywas______.42.Wearereally______seeingyouagain.43.Studentsareencouragedto______theirownlearning.44.KateisplanningtogotoIcelandforholiday.Shewill______avisasoon.【答案】40.addictedto41.inruins42.lookingforwardto43.takecontrolof44.applyfor【解析】【40题详解】考查形容词短语。句意：迈克沉迷于电脑游戏。根据句意可知，空处应用addictedto，beaddictedtosth.为固定短语，表示“沉迷于某物”，符合题意。故填addictedto。【41题详解】考查介词短语。句意：地震后，整个城市都成了废墟。根据句意以及常识可知，地震后，城市成为废墟，空处应用短语inruins，表示“成为废墟”，作句子表语。故填inruins。 【42题详解】考查动词短语。句意：我们真地很期待再次见到你。根据句意可知，空处应用短语lookingforwardto，表示“期待”，动词looking与空前的are构成现在进行时，符合题意。故填lookingforwardto。【43题详解】考查动词短语。句意：学生们被鼓励自主学习。根据句意可知，空处应用短语takecontrolof，表示“控制”，不定式符号to后接动词原形形式。故填takecontrolof。【44题详解】考查动词短语。句意：凯特计划去冰岛度假。她将很快申请签证。根据句意以及常识可知，空处应用短语applyfor，表示“申请”，will后接动词原形形式，构成一般将来时，符合题意。故填applyfor。C请用方框中单词的正确形式完成句子。injurearrangeconfidentpowercreate45.Haveyoumadeallyourtravel______?46.Twoplayersareoutoftheteambecauseof______.47.That______inventordesignedanewkindofmachine.48.IfeltIwasdoingwellandmy______begantogrow.49.Anathleteshouldhavea______bodyandastrongmind.【答案】45.arrangements46.injury47.creative48.confidence49.powerful【解析】【45题详解】考查动词。句意：你安排好你的旅程了吗？固定搭配：makearrangements做安排。arrange，动词，“安排”。空处与travel构成名词短语一起做make的宾语。所以需要使用arrange的名词。因为arrangement是可数名词，此处不强调单数，可数名词不能单独使用，故填arrangements。此题容易错填arranged。因为动词make,have,get的使役用法容易混淆，习惯用法：havesthdone,getsthdone,makesb+过去分词做宾语。【46题详解】 考查名词。句意：两名运动员因为受伤退出了比赛。becauseof后面接名词，因为of是个介词，后面需要接名词构成介宾结构，根据句意，这里是说由于受伤退出，故选injure，injure的名词形式为injury。故填injury。【47题详解】考查形容词。句意：那个富有创造力的发明家设计出了一款新型机器。根据句意以及句子成分分析，横线上缺少形容词，create的形容词creative符合题意。故填creative。【48题详解】考查名词。句意：我感觉到我做的很好，我的信心开始增长。根据前面的doingwell可知，后面是说更有自信，故选confident。根据句子成分分析，my后面需填名词。故填confidence。【49题详解】考查形容词。句意：运动员应该有强健的体魄和坚强的意志。根据后面的strongmind可知，前面说的是强有力的身体，故选power。横线上的词修饰body，需填形容词形式。故填powerful。第二节阅读表达(共4小题;第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。Weareallfacedwithchallengesinourlives.Mostpeoplehaveahardtimeacceptinganddealingwiththem.Thetruthisthatyouwillhavetodealwithdifficultproblemsthroughoutyourlife.Herearesometipsonhowtodealwitheverydaychallenges.1.Don’tcompareyourlifestylewithothers.Itisreallydifficultnottocompareourselveswithothers;however,themoreoftenwedothat,themoredissatisfiedwewillfeel.Therewillbepeoplethatmayhaveaccomplishedmorethanyou.Thekeythingtorememberisthatyoucreateyourownstoryandsuccessinlife.2.Don’tblameothers.Manypeoplemakeahabitofblamingothersforalltheirproblems.Theyfailtotakefullresponsibilityforthedecisionstheyhavemadeinlife.Themoreyoublameothersforthechallengesyouarefacedwith,themoreyouwillmakepeopledislikeyouandnotwanttobearoundyou.Thefirstthingyouwanttodowhenfacedwithapersonalchallengeisnottostartpointingfingersatothers.3.Acceptchangesinyourlife.Youwillhavetodealwithchangesinlifeallthetime.Manypeopledon’tlikechangebecauseitgetsthemoutsideoftheircomfortzone.Youmaybeunhappyorhappyatcertaintimes;however,youhavetorealizethatthosetwofeelingswillnotlastforever.Youhavetoalwaystrainyourmindtobeatpeacedespitetheemotionalstateyouareexperiencing.4.Don’tthinktoomuch.Whenyouthinktoomuchaboutaneventthathappened,youwillstarttojudgeeverythingandeveryone.Whenyouthinktoomuch,youwillhaveaveryhardtimeacceptingrealityandyouwillthinkthatsomethingisnotright.Thinkingtoomuchcanalsoleadyounottotakeactiononyourgoal.Thiscanmake youreallysadinthelongrun.Lifeisfullofitsupsanddowns.Withtherightmindsetandpractice,youwillbeabletoovercomethemeverytimeandgrowintheprocess!50.Whatisthekeythingtorememberifyouwanttostopcomparingyourlifestylewithothers?______________________________________________________51.Whatwillhappenifyoublameothersforthechallengesyouarefacedwith?______________________________________________________52.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.•Youwillfeelsadbecausethinkingtoomuchmakesyourefusetoacceptreality.______________________________________________________53.Whataretheotherwaystodealwithchallengesinyourlife?(Inabout40words)______________________________________________________【答案】50.Thekeythingtorememberisthatyoucreateyourownstoryandsuccessinlife.51.Youwillmakepeopledislikeyouandnotwanttobearoundyou.52.Youwillfeelsadbecausethinkingtoomuchmakesyourefusetoacceptreality.Youwillfeelsadbecausethinkingtoomuchcanalsoleadyounottotakeactiononyourgoal.Becausethiscanmakeyoureallysadinthelongrun.53.WhenIfacechallenge,firstly,ItrytokeepcalmsoIhaveenoughtimeandenergytothink.ThenIencouragemyselftotakeaction.Finally,Imaycooperatewithothersbecauseteamworkisfullofpower.【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。生活中充满挑战，文章介绍了面对挑战的四种方法。【50题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第二段中最后一句话“Thekeythingtorememberisthatyoucreateyourownstoryandsuccessinlife.”(关键是要记住，你要创造自己的人生故事和成功。)可知，重要的是，你要创造自己的人生故事和成功。故答案为Thekeythingtorememberisthatyoucreateyourownstoryandsuccessinlife.51题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“Themoreyoublameothersforthechallengesyouarefacedwith,themoreyouwillmakepeopledislikeyouandnotwanttobearoundyou.”(你越是把自己面临的挑战归咎于别人，就越会让别人不喜欢你，不想和你在一起。)可知，当你责备别人的时候，别人就会不喜欢你，不想和你在一起。故答案为Youwillmakepeopledislikeyouandnotwanttobearoundyou.【52题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第二段“Thinkingtoomuchcanalsoleadyounottotakeactiononyourgoal.Thiscanmakeyoureallysadinthelongrun.”(想太多也会导致你不为你的目标采取行动。从长远来看，这会让你很伤心。)可知，想得太多会使自己不为你的目标采取行动，并从长远来看会使你不开心。故答案为Youwillfeelsadbecausethinkingtoomuchmakesyourefusetoacceptreality.Youwillfeelsadbecausethinkingtoomuchcanalsoleadyounottotakeactiononyourgoal.Becausethiscanmakeyoureallysadinthelongrun.【53题详解】开放性试题。每个人都会有自己的方法。参考答案可以是面对困难，首先要保持冷静，其次激励自己；然后与他人合作，找到解决问题的办法。故答案为WhenIfacechallenge,firstly,ItrytokeepcalmsoIhaveenoughtimeandenergytothink.ThenIencouragemyselftotakeaction.Finally,Imaycooperatewithothersbecauseteamworkisfullofpower.第三节(20分)54.假如你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国好友Jim发来邮件，表示他对自己的形象不满，因此感到十分烦恼。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.表示理解；2.提出建议。注意：1.词数100左右;2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。提示词：形象、外貌lookDearJim,__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearJim,I’msorrytohearthatyouareupsetaboutyourimage.Icouldunderstandsuchkindoffeelingasitoncehappenedtome.Now,I’mwritingtogiveyousomeadvicetohelpyougetridofthetrouble.Firstofall,youshouldbuildupyourself-confidence.Onlywhenyouareconfidentwillyouovercomethefear ofyourlook.Second,youshouldkeepitinmindthatone’sbeautyliesinhisspiritotherthanappearanceoutside.Whatreallymattersishavingapositivevalue.Lastbutnottheleast,you’dbettermakethemostofyourgiftssoastoimproveandmakeupforyourweaknesses,whichasaresultwillpromoteyourself-confidence.Hopefully,myadvicewillbeofgreatbenefittoyou.Lookingforwardtoyourgoodnews.Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生给英国好友Jim写一封电子邮件，向他提出克服对个人形象不满意的建议。【详解】1.词汇积累了解：hear→learn情感，情绪：feeling→emotion发生：happen→occur建议：advice→suggestions2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Now,I’mwritingtogiveyousomeadvicetohelpyougetridofthetrouble.拓展句：Now,I’mwritingtogiveyousomeadvice,whichcanhelpyougetridofthetrouble.【点睛】【高分句型1】Onlywhenyouareconfidentwillyouovercomethefearofyourlook.(运用了倒装句)【高分句型2】Whatreallymattersishavingapositivevalue.(运用了主语从句和动名词短语作表语)