北京市朝阳区2022-2023学年高一英语上学期期末试卷（Word版附解析）

北京市朝阳区2022~2023学年度第一学期期末质量检测高一英语(考试时间100分钟满分100分)第一部分知识运用(共三节，30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。StephClemencehadgoodgradesandalwaysintendedtogotocollege.Butherpoorfamilycouldn’t___1___it.Stephhadtofindajobandtriedtofigureoutwhattodowithalifethatwasgreatlydifferentfromherplan.Theanswercameoneafternoonwhenshewascleaningherbookshelf.Insideaboxshe___2___twopagestitled“Mrs,Clark’sBookList”fromtheEnglishteacherinherhighschool,DorothyClark.“She’dspentmonthscreatingalistof153books,”saysSteph.“Sheknewmostofuswouldnotgotocollege,butwecouldcontinuetolearn.Shewas___3___aboutthat.”Stephwas___4___anddeterminedtoimproveherself.Soitbeganin1970.Startingatthetopshereadeverybookintheordertheyappeared.Peoplearoundherdidn’tfindmuch___5___inherjourney,assomeofthebookswerehardgoing.Butshefelt___6___.Eachofthosebooksinspiredhertolearnmoreabouttheworld.NowStephis70andsheneverdidgettocollege.Butshehasonlyfourbookslefttoreadfromthelist.Sheexpectsto___7___themsometimein2023.“Idon’tracethroughabook,asIwanttofully___8___it.EachofthebookshasaddedsomethingtowhoIamandhowIseetheworld,”shesays.“I’mnoexpert,butIamworkingformyown___9___.Inowhavethebackgroundtoseehowtheworldworks.InSteph’seye,Mrs.Clarkfeltitwasherparticular_____10_____toofferyoungstudentsaroadmapinachangingworld.Thankstoabooklist,atleastoneyoungwomanwhocouldn’tpayforcollegewasthebetterforit.1.A.avoidB.affordC.changeD.refuse2.A.collectedB.packedC.selectedD.noticed3.A.wrongB.upsetC.rightD.angry4.A.surprisedB.hopefulC.calmD.nervous5.A.valueB.timeC.supportD.trouble6.A.exactlyB.badlyC.differentlyD.similarly7.A.copyB.forgetC.checkD.finish8.A.describeB.enjoyC.shareD.protect 9.A.safetyB.convenienceC.protectionD.improvement10.A.dutyB.pressureC.situationD.requirement【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.B5.A6.C7.D8.B9.D10.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了斯蒂芬·克莱门斯受到家境的影响无法继续读书学习，但是老师多萝西·克拉克列的书目让她燃起了继续读书学习的热情。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她贫穷的家庭负担不起。A.avoid避免；B.afford付得起；C.change改变；D.refuse拒绝。根据空前“herpoorfamily”及下文“Stephhadtofindajobandtriedtofigureoutwhattodowithalifethatwasgreatlydifferentfromherplan.”可知，斯蒂芬付不起学费，所以辍学了。故选B。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她注意到在一个盒子里有两页纸，标题是她高中英语老师多萝西·克拉克写的“克拉克夫人的书单”。A.collected收集；B.packed包装；C.selected选择；D.noticed注意到。根据上文“Theanswercameoneafternoonwhenshewascleaningherbookshelf.”可知，斯蒂芬清理书架时注意到在一个盒子里有两页纸。故选D。【3题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说得对。A.wrong错误的；B.upset沮丧的；C.right正确的；D.angry生气的。根据上文“Sheknewmostofuswouldnotgotocollege,butwecouldcontinuetolearn.”可知，斯蒂芬认为老师的观点是正确的。故选C。【4题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：斯蒂芬满怀希望，决心提高自己。A.surprised惊讶的；B.hopeful怀有希望的；C.calm镇静的；D.nervous紧张的。根据“anddeterminedtoimproveherself.”可知，斯蒂芬满怀希望提升自己。故选B。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她周围的人并没有发现她的旅程有什么价值，因为有些书很难读。A.value价值；B.time时间；C.support支持；D.trouble麻烦。根据下文“assomeofthebookswerehardgoing.”可知，因为有些书很难读，所以斯蒂芬周围的人并没有发现她的旅程有什么价值。故选A。6题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：但她的感觉不一样。A.exactly确切地；B.badly严重地；C.differently不同地；D.similarly相似地。根据“Eachofthosebooksinspiredhertolearnmoreabouttheworld.”可知，斯蒂芬通过看书使她更多地了解这个世界，所以感觉不一样。故选C。 【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她预计在2023年的某个时候完成这些任务。A.copy复制；B.forget忘记；C.check检查；D.finish完成。根据上文“Butshehasonlyfourbookslefttoreadfromthelist.”可知，斯蒂芬预计在2023年的某个时候完成全部的读书任务。故选D。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不会匆匆读完一本书，因为我想充分享受它。A.describe描绘；B.enjoy享受；C.share分享；D.protect保护。根据上文“Idon’tracethroughabook,”可知，斯蒂芬想充分享受每一本书。故选B。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不是专家，但我正在努力提高自己。A.safety安全；B.convenience方便；C.protection保护；D.improvement改善。根据上文“Stephwas　　4　　anddeterminedtoimproveherself.”可知，斯蒂芬在努力提高自己。故选D。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在斯蒂芬看来，克拉克夫人觉得自己有责任为年轻学生在这个变化的世界中提供一份路线图。A.duty责任；B.pressure压力；C.situation状况；D.requirement要求。根据空后“offeryoungstudentsaroadmapinachangingworld.”可知，克拉克夫人觉得自己有责任为年轻学生提供一份路线图。故选A。第二节选词填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当词组并使用其正确形式填空。calmdowntendtoapplyforbefedupwithputupkeepupwithonthebasisofinpersonsufferfromletoff11.Inateam,manythingsneedtobedone________trust.12.I________thewaysheleavesherrubbishonthefloor!13.Look!Thestudents________aposteronthenoticeboard.14.Whenthepriceofaproductfalls,people________buymoreofit.15.Asuccessfulcompanymust________thedevelopmentoftechnology.16.AftergraduationlastJuly,she________ajobwiththelocalnewspaper.17.Hefeltnervousbeforegivinghisspeech,butthenhemanagedto________.18.Itisnotallowedto________fireworksduringtheSpringFestivalinourcity. 19.Stressisanormalhumanreactionandalmosteveryone________itsometimes.20.IfyouwantmoreadviceonEnglish,you’dbettergoandtalktoMr.Vincent________.【答案】11.onthebasisof12.amfedupwith13.areputtingup14.willtendto15.keepupwith16.appliedfor17.calmdown18.letoff19.suffersfrom20.inperson【解析】【11题详解】考查短语。句意：在一个团队中，很多事情都需要建立在信任的基础上。短语onthebasisof为“在……的基础上”之意。结合句意，故填onthebasisof。【12题详解】考查时态和短语。句意：我受够了她把垃圾扔在地上的样子！短语befedupwith为“感到厌烦”之意。根据句中时态可知，用一般现在时。结合句意，故填amfedupwith。【13题详解】考查短语和时态。句意：看！学生们正在布告栏上贴海报。短语putup为“张贴”之意。根据句意，用现在进行时，主语是复数，故填areputtingup。【14题详解】考查短语。句意：当一种产品的价格下降时，人们会倾向于购买更多的产品。短语tendto为“倾向于”之意。when引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。结合句意，故填willtendto。【15题详解】考查短语。句意：一个成功的公司必须跟上技术的发展。短语keepupwith为“跟上”之意。情态动词must后接动词原形。结合句意，故填keepupwith。【16题详解】考查短语。句意：去年7月毕业后，她申请了一份当地报纸的工作。短语applyfor为“申请”之意。根据时间状语lastJuly可知，用一般过去时。结合句意，故填appliedfor。 【17题详解】考查短语。句意：演讲前他感到紧张，但后来他设法平静了下来。短语calmdown“平静”之意。managetodosth.设法做某事。结合句意，故填calmdown。【18题详解】考查短语。句意：在我们城市，春节期间是不允许放烟花的。短语letoff为“使爆炸，点燃”之意。beallowedtodosth.被允许做某事。结合句意，故填letoff。19题详解】考查短语。句意：压力是一种正常的人类反应，几乎每个人都会有压力的时候。短语sufferfrom为“遭受”之意。根据sometimes可知，用一般现在时。主语是everyone，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。结合句意，故填suffersfrom。【20题详解】考查短语。句意：如果你想要更多关于英语的建议，你最好亲自去找文森特先生。短语inperson为“亲自”之意。结合句意，故填inperson。第三节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。21.Theysaidthey________(visit)theGreatWallthenextday.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】werevisiting##wouldvisit【解析】【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他们说他们第二天要去参观长城。根据时间状语thenextday可知，用将来时态或用进行时态表示将要发生的事情。由said可知，句子应使用过去将来时。故填werevisiting或wouldvisit。22.Manytreeshere________(plant)bythegraduateslastyear.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】wereplanted【解析】【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：这里的许多树是毕业生去年种的。根据时间状语lastyear可知，用一般过去时。主语Manytrees与plant之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语是复数。根据句意，故填wereplanted。23.Footballisagame________ispopularwithmanyyoungpeople.(用适当的词填空)【答案】which##that【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：足球是一项深受年轻人喜爱的运动。空处引导限制性定语从句，句中先行词为game，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。24.Tom’sgoalis________(go)toTsinghuaUniversityinthefuture.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】togo【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：汤姆的目标是将来上清华大学。此处表示目的，用不定式作表语。根据句意，故填togo。25.—Hi,Steve,canIuseyourcomputerforawhilethisafternoon?—Sorry,it________(repair)now.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】isbeingrepaired【解析】【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：——嗨，史蒂夫，今天下午我能用一下你的电脑吗？——对不起，现在正在修理它。根据时间状语now可知，用现在进行时。主语it与repair之间为被动关系，所以用现在进行时的被动语态，主语是it，be动词用is。故填isbeingrepaired。26.Doyouknowwhowasthefirstperson________(land)onthemoon?(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】toland【解析】【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：你知道谁是第一个登陆月球的人吗？分析句意可知，此处动词land“着陆”需要改为不定式形式充当thefirstperson的定语，因为被序数词修饰的名词后面往往接动词不定式作定语。故填toland。27.JaydecidedtogotoEngland________(continue)hisfurthereducation.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】tocontinue【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：杰伊决定去英国继续深造。句中用不定式作目的状语。根据句意，故填tocontinue。28.Theoldcouple________wemetinFrancelastyearhavesentusacard.(用适当的词填空)【答案】who##whom##that【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：去年我们在法国遇到的那对老夫妇给我们寄了一张卡片。句中先行词为Theoldcouple，指人，在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词who、whom或that引导。故填who/whom/that。 29.Thevolunteerteacher________storyIreadyesterdayhaswonprizesforhiswork.(用适当的词填空)【答案】whose【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我昨天读到他的故事的那个志愿者老师因他的工作而获奖。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词为Thevolunteerteacher，指人，关系词在从句中作名词story的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。30.Lotsofvisitors________(attract)toenjoytheLanternShowduringthefestivaleveryyear.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】areattracted【解析】【详解】考查动词语态。句意：每年节日期间，许多游客被吸引欣赏灯展。分析句意可知，此处动词attract“吸引”和主语复数名词visitors“游客”构成被动关系，且时间状语everyyear表明本句谓语动词使用一般现在时的被动语态。故填areattracted。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。APetownersarealwaysconcernedaboutthewell-beingoftheircutefriends.Butonceyou’reawayfromhome,thereisn’tmuchyoucando.Wouldn’titbegreattohavesomethingthatcouldtakecareofyourpetandallowyoutointeract(互动)withitwhileyou’reout?PetcubeBitesisagoodchoice.PetcubeBitescomesintwoparts.Thelowerhalfisequippedwithacameraandafeedingopening,whiletheupperhalfisusedtostorenearlyhalfakilooffood.Itlooksbeautifulinanysetting.Youjusthavetodecideonthemostconvenientplacetofixit.BesidesbeingahomevideocamerathatshowsliveHD(高清)viewsofthehouse,itsupportstwo-wayvoicedelivery,meaningthatyoucanhearyourpetmovingaroundthehouse,calltoyourpetfromyourphoneandhavea “heart-to-heart”talkwithitfromanywhereintheworld.UsingthePetcubeapp,youcancatchyourpet’simagesandsharethemonsocialmedia.PetcubeBitesoffersamorefunwayforyoutointeractwithyourpetwhereveryouare.Whenyouwanttofeedyourdog,simplycallhimoverandclicktheboneonthescreen.ThenthePetcubeBiteswillletoutfoodthroughthefeedingopening.Youcancontroltheamountanddistance.Fordogandcatloversalike,thisisthebesttoolonthemarketforplayingandspendingtimewithyourpet.Findmoreinformationat:https://www.lifewire.com/petcube-bites.31.WithPetcubeBites,peoplecan________.A.carefortheirpetswhileawayB.showconcernfortheirchildrenC.interactwithotherpetownersD.getawayfromhomewiththeirpets32.PetcubeBitescanbeusedto________.A.storepetfoodatthebottomB.feedpetsbythrowingfoodC.printimagesfromsocialmediaD.recordpetowner’svoicemessages33.Wheredoesthepassageprobablycomefrom?A.Abookreview.B.Aresearchreport.C.Atravelbrochure.D.Alifestylemagazine.【答案】31.A32.B33.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了一款宠物主人在离开家期间可用来照顾宠物和宠物互动的设备。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段二三句“Wouldn’titbegreattohavesomethingthatcouldtakecareofyourpetandallowyoutointeract(互动)withitwhileyou’reout?PetcubeBitesisagoodchoice.(如果有一些东西可以照顾你的宠物，让你在外出时与它互动，这不是很好吗？PetcubeBites是一个不错的选择。)”可知，PetcubeBites可以在主人外出的时候用于照顾家里的宠物。故选A项。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“PetcubeBitescomesintwoparts.Thelowerhalfisequippedwithacameraandafeedingopening,whiletheupperhalfisusedtostorenearlyhalfakilooffood(PetcubeBites分为两部分。下半部分配有摄像头和喂食口，而上半部分用于储存近半公斤的食物。)”可知，A选项：storepetfoodatthebottom（将宠物食物存放在底部饲料宠物）错误；B选项：feedpetsbythrowingfood（通过投掷食物喂宠物）正确；通过第三段最后一句话“UsingthePetcubeapp,youcancatchyourpet’simagesandsharethemonsocialmedia.（使用Petcube 应用程序，您可以捕捉宠物的图像并在社交媒体上分享。）可知，是上传到社交媒体，而不是从社交媒体上打印图片。C选项：printimagesfromsocialmedia（从社交媒体上打印图片）错误；通过第三段“BesidesbeingahomevideocamerathatshowsliveHD(高清)viewsofthehouse,itsupportstwo-wayvoicedelivery,meaningthatyoucanhearyourpetmovingaroundthehouse,calltoyourpetfromyourphoneandhavea“heart-to-heart”talkwithitfromanywhereintheworld.（除了作为一个家庭摄像机，显示实时高清(高清)，它支持双向语音传输，这意味着你可以听到你的宠物在家里走动，用手机给你的宠物打电话，并在世界任何地方与它进行“心与心”的交谈。）可知，支持语音的传输，但是无法推断出记录语音信息”。故D选项：recordpetowner’svoicemessages（记录宠物主人的语音信息）错误。故选B。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据本文最后一句“Findmoreinformationat:https://www.lifewire.com/petcube-bites.(请在https://www.lifewire.com/petcube-bites.网站上搜寻更多信息)”可推测，这个网址和生活方式相关，因为网址中包含lifewire这一个由life“生活”和wire“电线”组成的合成词，故可推测这篇文章出自于生活方式相关的杂志。故选D项。BTheDayLisaLostDon’tgetmewrong.I’mnottalkingaboutthemanyprofessionalathletesoftodaywhohavedevelopedame-firstattitude.Iamtalkingabouthighschoolsports,wherelessonsoflifearestillbeinglearned.Here,athletesstillcompetefortheloveofthegameandtheirteammates.LisaKincaidisoneofthem.IfirstmetLisaonthevolleyballcourt.Ifanyonehadarighttobecocky(自大的)orproudofherself,itwasLisa.BesidesbeingoneofthebestvolleyballplayersintheUSA,shebecameatracklegend(传奇人物).Shewentsixty-fournationalgameswithoutlosinganyevent.However,shefeltuncomfortabletalkingaboutherachievementsandwouldusuallychangetheconversationtoothers’performances.Sheoftenlenthershoestosomeonewho’dforgottenherown,orsincerelysentbestwishestocompetitorsfromdifferentteams.Soonafter,Lisa’simpossiblefailureinonegameimpressedmealot.Lisa’scoachtoldherheneededhertorunthemile.Shehadneverdoneso,butagreedtodowhatwasbestfortheteam.Lisaeasilyoutdistancedthecompetition,butonthelastlapsheseemedtogrowtired.Jane,Lisa’steammate,passedher.LisamanagedtostayjustbehindJaneandfollowedheracrossthefinishline.Lisalostaneventforthefirsttimeinhertrackcareer.AthletesinLisa’strackprogramneededtoearnasetamountofpointstogainavarsityletter(校队标志徽章).LisaknewthatJaneneededtofinishfirsttoearnaletterforthefirsttime.WithoutLisa,Janewouldmakeit.Lisarememberedallthisasshelinedupforthestartofthatrace.Itsuddenlystruckmewhysheworeaslightsmileon herfaceafterhaving“lost”forthefirsttimeever.Janefinallyreceivedherfirstvarsityletter.AndLisa?Onthatday,thedayshelost,sheearnedmyrespectandadmiration.34.WhydidtheauthorlistLisa’sachievements?A.ToproveLisawasproudofherself.B.TopresentLisahadgreatathleticism.C.Toshowthatathleteshavearighttobecocky.D.Toremindathletestohaveall-rounddevelopment.35.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatLisa________.A.valuedtheimportanceofrespectB.intendedtoproveherselfintheraceC.woneveryraceshehadeverenteredD.caredlessaboutwhatshehadachieved36.WhydidLisawearasmileonherfaceaftertherace?A.BecauseshedidadealwithJane.B.Becauseshelenthershoestoothers.C.Becauseshecarriedouthersecretplan.D.Becauseshealreadyearnedhervarsityletter.37.WhichofthefollowingwordcanbestdescribeLisaaccordingtothepassage?A.Selfless.B.Brave.C.Patient.D.Independent.【答案】34.B35.D36.C37.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。通过讲述运动员丽莎的故事，作者表达了自己对丽莎的尊重和崇拜。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Ifanyonehadarighttobecocky(自大的)orproudofherself,itwasLisa.BesidesbeingoneofthebestvolleyballplayersintheUSA,shebecameatracklegend(传奇人物).Shewentsixty-fournationalgameswithoutlosinganyevent.(如果说有人有权利骄傲自大，那就是丽莎。除了是美国最好的排球运动员之一之外，她还成为了田径界的传奇人物。她参加了64届全国运动会，没有输掉任何一场比赛。)”可知，之所以要提及丽莎的成就，是为了证明她的运动才能足以让她有权感到自豪。故选B项。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“However,shefeltuncomfortabletalkingaboutherachievementsandwouldusuallychangetheconversationtoothers’performances.(然而，她对谈论自己的成就感到不舒服，通常会把话题转到别人的表演上。)”可知，丽莎并不看重自己所取得的成就。故选D项。【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“LisaknewthatJaneneededtofinishfirsttoearnaletterforthefirsttime.WithoutLisa,Janewouldmakeit.Lisarememberedallthisasshelinedupforthestartofthatrace.Itsuddenlystruckmewhysheworeaslightsmileonherfaceafterhaving“lost”forthefirsttimeever.(丽莎知道，简需要赢得比赛，才能第一次收到校队标志徽章。没有丽莎，简会成功的。丽莎在比赛开始前排队时就记得这一切。我突然想到，为什么她第一次“输了”后脸上带着一丝微笑。)”可推测，丽莎输了比赛却还能开心地微笑是因为她想让简获得荣誉故意输了比赛，这是她的秘密计划。故选C项。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“LisaknewthatJaneneededtofinishfirsttoearnaletterforthefirsttime.WithoutLisa,Janewouldmakeit.Lisarememberedallthisasshelinedupforthestartofthatrace.Itsuddenlystruckmewhysheworeaslightsmileonherfaceafterhaving“lost”forthefirsttimeever.(丽莎知道，简需要赢得比赛，才能第一次收到校队标志徽章。没有丽莎，简会成功的。丽莎在比赛开始前排队时就记得这一切。我突然想到，为什么她第一次“输了”后脸上带着一丝微笑。)”可知，丽莎为了队友的利益故意输掉比赛，无疑她是一个很无私的人。故选A项。CAhandfulofstencils(模板)andthreepenssoundlikematerialsforachild’sartproject.Butresearchershavenowusedthesetoolstodrawfunctionalhealthmonitorsdirectlyonhumanskin.Wearablesensortechnology,whichhelpsdoctorscheckavarietyofhealthindicators,hasinrecentyearsadvancedfromheavyequipmenttoflexiblepatches(贴片).Thesesensorscanbeexpensive,however.Theyalsotendtofollowskinimperfectly,makingthemsensitivetothewearer’smove.Researcherssaythatanewdrawn-on-skinelectronicssystemcouldofferasolutiontobothproblems.AteamledbybiomedicalengineerFaheemErshadoftheUniversityofHoustonfirstdevelopedaconductiveinkthatissafetouseonhumanskin.Theresearchersloadedtheinkintoballpointpens,thenplacedastencilmadeoftapeandfilmonavolunteerandfollowedwithinittodrawthesimplecircuit(电路)diagram.Withinfiveminutestheinkdriedtocreateaworkingsensor.Theresearchersthentapedonastandardelectricallinetoprovidepowerandsenddatatoacomputer.Usingjustthistypeofink,theteammeasuredskinhydration(含水量)andtheelectricalactivityofheartandskeletalmuscles.Becausethesensorstuckperfectlytotheskin,wearerscouldwalkaroundwithoutjarringitand thusreducingdataquality.Theinkdidn’ttakeinsweatandwaseasilyremovedwithawetpapertowelandsoap.Formoreadvancedequipment,Ershad’steamusedtwoadditionalinks:oneservedasasemiconductor,andtheotheractedasanobjecttopreventelectricity.Drawingdifferentlayers(层)witheachink,theresearchersmadetemperatureandstrain(应变)sensorsonasheetofskin-likeobject,“Theauthorsalreadypresentedmanyveryattractiveapplications,”saysZhengYan,abiomedicalengineerattheUniversityofMissouri.Yanandhiscolleagueshavedevelopedsimilartechnologyusingpencilsandpaper,buttheirmethodislimitedtopassiveconductorsthatcannotintroduceenergyintoacircuit.Ershadsaysthathehopestocreatehigh-techsensorstodiscoverhealthindicatorsrangingfromelementsinsweattothebrain’selectricalactivity.Theresearchersplantoeventuallymaketheirsensorstrulywirelessbycombiningmoreadvancedink-basedcircuits.Afterthatachievement,theysay,peoplecoulduseaffordablesetsofstencilsandpenstocarefullywatchtheirownhealthathome.38.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph3?A.Howasafeinkisdeveloped.B.Howdataissenttoacomputer.C.Howthedrawn-on-skinsystemworks.D.Howthecircuitdiagramisdrawnwithink.39.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“jarring”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Hiding.B.Carrying.C.Clicking.D.Shaking.40.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Hospitalswillincreasethecostoftestinghealthindicators.B.Researchersaimtomakeadvancedwirelessink-basedsensors.C.Asafesensorwillbeappliedtomakehumanskinmoresensitive.D.Yan’steamhasdevelopedatechnologytoleadenergyintoacircuit.41.Whatisthepassagemainlytalkingabout?A.Achild’sartprojecthashelpeddoctorscheckhealthindicators.B.Awirelesssensormadeofconductiveinksendsdatatoacomputer.C.Anelectronicssystemchecksskinhydrationandtheelectricalactivity.D.Apen-and-inkmethodcouldproducecheapwearablehealthequipment.【答案】38.C39.D40.B41.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一支科研团队研发出了一种新型的“电子穿戴设备”，它是直接画在皮肤上的，主要是用电子墨水笔在皮肤上画出专业传感器和电路来实现监测。【38题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“AteamledbybiomedicalengineerFaheemErshadoftheUniversityofHoustonfirstdevelopedaconductiveinkthatissafetouseonhumanskin.Theresearchersloadedtheinkintoballpointpens,thenplacedastencilmadeoftapeandfilmonavolunteerandfollowedwithinittodrawthesimplecircuit(电路)diagram.Withinfiveminutestheinkdriedtocreateaworkingsensor.Theresearchersthentapedonastandardelectricallinetoprovidepowerandsenddatatoacomputer.(由休斯顿大学生物医学工程师FaheemErhad领导的团队首次开发出一种可安全地用于人体皮肤的导电墨水。研究人员将墨水装入圆珠笔中，然后将一个由胶带和胶片制成的模板放在志愿者身上，然后在上面画出简单的电路图。五分钟内，墨水就干了，就能制造出一个可工作的传感器。然后，研究人员将一根标准电线绑在一起，以提供电力并将数据发送到计算机。)”可知，本段主要介绍皮肤绘制系统的原理。故选C。【39题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词前半句“Becausethesensorstuckperfectlytotheskin,(由于传感器完美地附着在皮肤上，)”可知，由于传感器完美地附着在皮肤上，佩戴者可以在走动时不碰撞到它。所以jarring为“碰撞；震动”之意，与动词shake意思相近。故选D。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Theresearchersplantoeventuallymaketheirsensorstrulywirelessbycombiningmoreadvancedink-basedcircuits.(研究人员计划通过结合更先进的墨水电路，最终使他们的传感器成为真正的无线。)”可推断，研究人员的目标是制造先进的无线墨水传感器。故选B。【41题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Ahandfulofstencils(模板)andthreepenssoundlikematerialsforachild’sartproject.Butresearchershavenowusedthesetoolstodrawfunctionalhealthmonitorsdirectlyonhumanskin.(少量模板绘制图案和三只笔，这些听起来像是儿童美工的材料。但是研究人员现已利用这些工具直接在人类皮肤上绘制功能性健康监测器。)”和最后一段“Afterthatachievement,theysay,peoplecoulduseaffordablesetsofstencilsandpenstocarefullywatchtheirownhealthathome.(他们说，在取得这一成就之后，人们可以使用负担得起的模板和笔在家里仔细观察自己的健康状况。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍一支科研团队研发出了一种新型的“电子穿戴设备”，它是直接画在皮肤上的，主要是用电子墨水笔在皮肤上画出专业传感器和电路来实现监测。所以“Apen-and-inkmethodcouldproducecheapwearablehealthequipment.(一种笔墨法可以生产出廉价的可穿戴健康设备。)概括文章大意最为合适。故选D。DWouldyouturndownthechancetobecomeasmartcookie?We’vebeenlongingforquickfixesthatcouldincreaseourintelligence(智力).Today,people’shopeslieinbraintrainingappsasaspeedy“digitalpill”.Themoreyouplay,thesmarteryouwillget—orsosomeappstellus.Butisthisdigital-shortcutallthatitseemstobe? TheuseofgamesforseriouspurposeshasbecomewidespreadwiththedevelopmentoftheInternetandsmartphones.Braintrainingappsaretypical,frequentlyfeaturedbyAppleandGoogle’sappstores.Manyofsuchappssaythattheyarebackedby“science”.Eveniftherewereagreementaroundwhatmakesgeneralintelligence,theideathatincreasingitwouldbeassimpleaspractisingafewmini-gameseverydaygoesagainstourcurrentdiscoveryaboutthinkingandlearning.Severalmajorstudies,surveyingusersacrossawidevarietyofapps,havefoundthattheyhavelittletonoeffectonusers’performance.A2021studybyresearchersdiscoveredbraintraininghasnosignificanteffectoncognitive(认知的)functioninginthe“realworld”.Thepositiveeffectsreportedarelimitedtotheveryspecificmini-gamesandtasks,suchasmemorizinglistsofwordsornumbers,orperformingmentalcalculation(心算).So,ifyourjoboryourcallinginlifeneedssummingquicklyorrememberingallyourfriends’phonenumbers,theseappswilldo.Butifyouareexpectingthemtoimproveyourabilitytowriteanovelorformacomplex(复杂的)spreadsheet,youhavetolookelsewhere.Yet,despitethefactthattheyhardlywork,braintrainingappsplayaleadingrole,partlybecausetheyareregardedtobescientificandpartlybecauseusersthinktheyarefun.Asaco-creatorofoneofthemostpopularformsofgamification(游戏化)noted,whatisespeciallydisappointingabouttheseappsisthattheyjustaren’tthatfun—atleast,notcomparedwiththevariousthoughtfulboardgamesandvideogamescomingouteveryday.Puzzlevideogames,suchasBabaIsYouanddetectivegameslikeReturnoftheObraDinn,seeplayersapplytheirskillatreasoning,memoryandconcentrationinafarmorechallengingandengaging(吸引人的)way.Ifyouaren’tintogames,simplygoforawalkorlearnhowtodance.Theyarelikelytobemoreeffectivethanabraintrainingappinsharpeningyourmind.TheseactivitiesmightnotleadtoanincreasedIQ,buttheyaresuretoengageyourbraindeeplywhilehavingfun—somethingIcanbynomeanssayofbraintrainingapps.42.Whichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Braintrainingappsarebackedbyscience.B.Creativitycanbeimprovedwithbraintrainingapps.C.Gamificationhaslittletodowithincreasingintelligence.D.IncreasingIQisassimpleaspractisingafewmini-gameseveryday.43.Accordingtothepassage,braintrainingappsarestillpopularbecause________.A.theyturnmentalexercisesintoquickgamesB.theyareconsideredbothscientificandinterestingC.theyaremoreeffectiveinshapingourmindsthanothergamesD.theyhavesignificanteffectsonthecognitivefunctioninginthe“realworld” 44.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ASmartCookieorNot?B.There’sNoAppforThatC.WhatwillGamesLeadUsto?D.ADigitalPillforIntelligence【答案】42.C43.B44.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章提出观点称许多人认为借助一些游戏程序能够提高智力，但作者不这样认为，他通过呈现一些研究结果等信息佐证他的观点。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Eveniftherewereagreementaroundwhatmakesgeneralintelligence,theideathatincreasingitwouldbeassimpleaspractisingafewmini-gameseverydaygoesagainstourcurrentdiscoveryaboutthinkingandlearning.(即使人们对一般智力的形成达成了一致，但增加一般智力只需每天练习几个小游戏就可以了，这一想法与我们目前关于思考和学习的发现背道而驰。)”可知，作者认为称每天练习小游戏能够提升智力是不准确的，即可推测，作者不赞同通过游戏化能够增加智力这一说法。故选C项。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Yet,despitethefactthattheyhardlywork,braintrainingappsplayaleadingrole,partlybecausetheyareregardedtobescientificandpartlybecauseusersthinktheyarefun.(然而，尽管大脑训练应用程序几乎不起作用，但它们发挥着主导作用，部分原因是因为它们被认为是科学的，部分原因在于用户认为它们很有趣。)”可知，这些程序流行的原因是用户认为它们有趣且科学。故选B项。【44题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段二三句“We’vebeenlongingforquickfixesthatcouldincreaseourintelligence(智力).Today,people’shopeslieinbraintrainingappsasaspeedy“digitalpill”.(我们一直渴望快速解决问题，以提高我们的智力。今天，人们的希望寄托于作为一种快速的“数字药丸”的大脑训练应用程序们上。)”可推测，本文探讨的核心在于这些“数字药丸”；根据用于引出下文的第一段最后一句“Butisthisdigital-shortcutallthatitseemstobe?(但是，这条数字捷径看起来就是这样吗？)”可知，作者对这些“数字药丸”有没有效果表示存疑；而最后一段一二句“Ifyouaren’tintogames,simplygoforawalkorlearnhowtodance.Theyarelikelytobemoreeffectivethanabraintrainingappinsharpeningyourmind.(如果你不喜欢游戏，那就去散步或学习跳舞。它们可能能比大脑训练应用程序更有效地磨砺你的头脑。)”指出作者最终得出结论，没有app类的“数字药丸”对提升智力有效，这是本文的标题。故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。LearntoBeAccountableHowdoesitfeelwhenyouadmitthatyouhavedonesomethingwrong?Takingresponsibilityforyouractionsnotonlyfeelsgood,itteachesyoutotrustyourselfandstrengthensfriendships.Whatdoesbeingaccountablemean?Itcanbeeasytoblame(责怪)othersormakeexcusesformistakes,butbeingaccountablemeansacceptingthatyouareresponsibleforwhatyousayanddo.____45____Youcouldsaythebuswaslate,butbeingaccountablemeansapologisingandacceptingthatitwasyourresponsibilitytogetthereontime.However,beingaccountabledoesn’tmeantakingtheblameforthingsyoucan’tchange.You’reonlyaccountableforthingsthatyoucancontrol.____46____Accordingtoresearch,understandingyouhavecontroloveryourownactionsmakesyoufeelmorepositiveandhopefulaboutthefuture.____47____Forexample,IrememberatimeIgotthesofadirty.Iwasgoingtolieaboutitbecausewhenmymumsawshegotcross.ButafterItoldherthetruth,Iwasn’tinasmuchtroubleasIthought.Beingaccountableisalsoanopportunitytofixyourmistakesandlearnfromthem,andthishelpsyoutotrustyourselfmoretoo.Howcanyoubeaccountable?____48____Onewayofdoingthisisbydrawingacircleofcontroltohelpyouworkthisout.Aswellasbeingresponsibleforwhatyoucanchange,tryacceptingthethingsyoucan’t.Wecan’talwayscontrolwhathappenstous.____49____Wecanstillchooseourattitude.Finally,beingaccountablemeanstakingresponsibilitywhenthingsgoright,too,soremembertocelebrateandfeelgoodaboutyourselfwhenthishappens.A.Whatmakesyouaccountable?B.Howisbeingaccountablegoodforyou?C.Butwedohaveasayinhowwerespondtoit.D.Startbyunderstandingwhatisinandoutofyourcontrol.E.Takingresponsibilitycanalsomakeotherstrustyoumore.F.Imaginearrangingtomeetafriendandthenturninguplate.G.Thiscanincreaseyourhappinessandhelpyouachievemore.【答案】45.F46.B47.E48.D49.C【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。作者通过自己的一些事例讨论做一个负责的人这个话题，其带来的好处以及怎么才能做一个负责的人。【45题详解】上文“Itcanbeeasytoblame(责怪)othersormakeexcusesformistakes,butbeingaccountablemeansacceptingthatyouareresponsibleforwhatyousayanddo.(责备他人或为错误找借口是很容易的，但承担责任意味着承认自己对自己的言行负责。)”指出做一个承担责任，有责任的人意味着承认自己对自己的言行负责。下文“Youcouldsaythebuswaslate,butbeingaccountablemeansapologisingandacceptingthatitwasyourresponsibilitytogetthereontime.(你可以说公共汽车晚点了，但要负起责任就意味着要道歉并接受准时到达是你的责任。)”则举例说明，把迟到不归咎于汽车而是归咎于自己是一个有责任的人应该做的。选项F“Imaginearrangingtomeetafriendandthenturninguplate.(想象一下，安排与朋友见面，然后迟到。)”也和下文一样通过“迟到”这个例子解释说明负责人意味着什么，与前后文联系密切。故选F项。46题详解】下文“Accordingtoresearch,understandingyouhavecontroloveryourownactionsmakesyoufeelmorepositiveandhopefulaboutthefuture.(根据研究，了解到自己可以掌控自己的行为，会让你对未来感到更加积极和充满希望。)”以及“Beingaccountableisalsoanopportunitytofixyourmistakesandlearnfromthem,andthishelpsyoutotrustyourselfmoretoo.(负责任也是一个纠正错误并从中吸取教训的机会，这也有助于你更加信任自己。)”指出掌控自己的行为，即对自己的行为负责有好处，能让自己更加积极，充满希望，也有助于你更加信任自己。这说明这一段正好回答了选项B“Howisbeingaccountablegoodforyou?(做一个负责的人对你有什么好处？)”提出的问题，因此选项B提出的这一问题可以作为第二段的小标题。故选B项。【47题详解】下文“ButafterItoldherthetruth,Iwasn’tinasmuchtroubleasIthought.(但在我告诉她真相后，我并没有像我想象的那样陷入麻烦。)”举例说明因为自己主动承担责任反而没有被妈妈责罚，这是负责任带给作者的好处。选项E“Takingresponsibilitycanalsomakeotherstrustyoumore.(承担责任也能让别人更加信任你。)指出负责带来的第二个好处，然后下文通过举例进一步解释这个好处，前后过渡自然。故选E项。【48题详解】上文这一段的小标题“Howcanyoubeaccountable?(如何成为负责的人？)”表明这一段旨在给读者提出建议，具体说明如何才能成为负责的人。下文“Onewayofdoingthisisbydrawingacircleofcontroltohelpyouworkthisout.(方法之一是画一个控制圈来帮助你解决这个问题。)”指出了如何成为负责的人一个方法。选项D“Startbyunderstandingwhatisinandoutofyourcontrol.(首先要了解什么是你所能控制的，什么是你无法控制的。)”提出建议，告诉读者该怎么做才能成为负责的人，这既回答了小标题提出的问题，也作为介绍，引出了下文。故选D项。【49题详解】 上文“Wecan’talwayscontrolwhathappenstous.(我们不能总是控制发生在我们身上的事情。)”指出有一些事情我们不能控制。下文“Wecanstillchooseourattitude.(我们仍然可以选择自己的态度。)”选项C“Butwedohaveasayinhowwerespondtoit.(但我们确实对如何应对它有发言权。)”则通过but“但是”提出转折，转而指出我们可以做的是什么事，这与上文转折，与下文递进，符合语境。故选C项。第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Dad’sPerfectPackageAfewyearsago,myfatherarrangedtosendmeamail-orderfruitcakeatChristmastime.AlthoughIhadagoodjobandownedanapartmentinManhattan,hefearedmyrefrigeratormightbeempty.HeorderedmeaparticularbrandoffruitcakemadeinTexas.“Itremindsmeofmymother’s,”hetoldme,whichIlaterlearnedwasacaketypicaloftheGreatDepression(大萧条),madewithoutmilk,sugar,butter,oreggs.OnmostChristmases,hereceivedtwogiftsfromgranny:apairofhomemadesocksandasmallbagoforanges.Bornin1932,DadgrewupduringtheGreatDepression,andhebelievedeveryonewasalwayshungryandneededtoeat.Evenwhenwevisitedhiminthehospital,hewouldaskwhetherwehadeatenandremindusthecaféwouldbeclosingsoon.“Atleastgetacupofcoffee,”he’dsay.“Don’tworryaboutme.”Orderingthefruitcakewashiswayoftryingtotakecareofmefromalongdistanceaway.AlthoughIwas44,Iwasstillhisson.Afruitcake,inhismind,wasaperfectChristmasgift:thefruitcakecanfillmybelly(肚子)andhasalongshelflife.ThefirstweekofDecemberpassedwithnosignofhisfruitcake.Delayed(耽搁)byholidaymail,Iguessed.MyfatherremainedhopefulthefruitcakewouldcomebyNewYear’sEve.Yet,January,February,andMarchcameandwentwithnofruitcake.Thoughmyfatherkeptaskingaboutit,Ineveronceconsideredlyingandtellinghimthefruitcakehadfinallyarrivedandwasdelicious.InsteadIsaid,“Thatcakeisorbiting(沿轨道运行)earth,andsoonerorlateritwilllandandtasteevenbetter.”EarlylastDecember,nearlyayearaftermyfatherdied,Igotacallfromthefrontdeskofmyapartmentbuilding.,“Youhaveapackage.”Iwentdownstairstopickitup.ThebrownboxhadaFedExlabel(标签)withareturn addressinTexas.50.WhatgiftsdidDadgetonmostChristmases?______________________________________________________51.WhydidDadthinkthebestChristmaspresentwasafruitcake?______________________________________________________52.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.>Whenmyfatherkeptaskingaboutthedelayedfruitcake,Itoldhimthatthefruitcakehadfinallyarrivedandwasdelicious.______________________________________________________53.Amongthegiftsyou’veeverreceived,whichisthemostmemorableone?Why?(Inabout40words)______________________________________________________【答案】50.Apairofhomemadesocksandasmallbagoforanges.51.Becauseitcanfillhisson’sbellyandhasalongshelflife.52.Whenmyfatherkeptaskingaboutthedelayedfruitcake,Itoldhimthatthefruitcakehadfinallyarrivedandwasdelicious.Accordingtothepassage,‘Thoughmyfatherkeptaskingaboutit,Ineveronceconsideredlyingandtellinghimthefruitcakehadfinallyarrivedandwasdelicious.’,whichsuggeststheauthorneverliedtohisfatherthatthefruitcakehadfinallyarrivedandwasdelicious.53.ThenovelJourneytotheWestisthemostmemorablegiftforme,whichwassentbymyauntformy10thbirthday.BecauseitisthefirstnovelIhavereceivedandIamabigfanofSunWukongatthattime.【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。记录了作者的父亲因为自身经历喜欢给儿子送一种水果蛋糕做圣诞礼物的故事，但有一次父亲给作者寄的蛋糕一直未到，直到父亲去世一年之后，才收到一个蛋糕包裹。【50题详解】考查细节理解。根据第二段最后一句“OnmostChristmases,hereceivedtwogiftsfromgranny:apairofhomemadesocksandasmallbagoforanges.(在大多数圣诞节，他都会收到奶奶的两份礼物：一双自制袜子和一小包橙子。)”可知，作者的父亲在多数圣诞节都会收到一双自制袜子和一小包橙子。故答案为Apairofhomemadesocksandasmallbagoforanges。【51题详解】考查细节理解。根据第四段最后一句“Afruitcake,inhismind,wasaperfectChristmasgift:thefruitcakecanfillmybelly(肚子)andhasalongshelflife.(在他看来，水果蛋糕是一份完美的圣诞礼物：水果蛋糕 可以填饱我的肚子，保质期很长。)”可知，作者的父亲认为水果蛋糕能填饱肚子，能存放很久，是一份完美的圣诞礼物。故答案为Becauseitcanfillhisson’sbellyandhasalongshelflife。【52题详解】考查推理判断。根据第六段第一句“Thoughmyfatherkeptaskingaboutit,Ineveronceconsideredlyingandtellinghimthefruitcakehadfinallyarrivedandwasdelicious.(尽管我父亲一直在问，但我从未想过撒谎，告诉他水果蛋糕终于到了，而且很好吃。)”可知，作者并没跟父亲说谎称蛋糕收到了，还很美味。故可推测题干所提供观点后半部分“Itoldhimthatthefruitcakehadfinallyarrivedandwasdelicious(我告诉他水果蛋糕终于到了，很好吃)”是错误的。故答案为：Whenmyfatherkeptaskingaboutthedelayedfruitcake,Itoldhimthatthefruitcakehadfinallyarrivedandwasdelicious.Accordingtothepassage,‘Thoughmyfatherkeptaskingaboutit,Ineveronceconsideredlyingandtellinghimthefruitcakehadfinallyarrivedandwasdelicious.’,whichsuggeststheauthorneverliedtohisfatherthatthefruitcakehadfinallyarrivedandwasdelicious.【53题详解】开放题。言之有理即可。本题要求提供答题人自己最记忆深刻的礼物，并说明原因，需要根据自身经历推理得出答案。故答案为ThenovelJourneytotheWestisthemostmemorablegiftforme,whichwassentbymyauntformy10thbirthday.BecauseitisthefirstnovelIhavereceivedandIamabigfanofSunWukongatthattime。第二节(20分)54.假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim来信询问你的校园学习生活。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括：1.学校情况；2.你最喜欢的课程及原因。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua 【答案】DearJim,Howareyoudoing?I’mgladtosharewithyoumynewseniorschoollife.Ihaveadaptedwelltothenewschool,whichistwicebiggerthanmypreviousone.Thereisabiggym,wherewecanenjoyallsortsofballgames.Besides,wedon’thavefixedclassrooms.Instead,wegotodifferentclassesfordifferentsubjects.WhatIlikemostischemistryclassbecausewecandoalotofexperiments,whichbringusalotoffun.What’smore,therearemanykindsofclubs,andIjoinedtheEnglishDramaClub.WecanmeeteveryMondayandrehearsevariousEnglishplays.How’syourschoollifeintheUK?Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Jim回一封邮件，告诉他你的校园学习生活。【详解】1.词汇积累高兴的：glad→happy此外：besides→what’smore适应：adaptto→adjustto各种各样的：various→avarietyof2.句式拓展合并简单句原句：Besides,wedon’thavefixedclassrooms.Instead,wegotodifferentclassesfordifferentsubjects.拓展句：Besides,wedon’thavefixedclassroomsbecausewegotodifferentclassesfordifferentsubjects.【点睛】【高分句型1】Ihaveadaptedwelltothenewschool,whichistwicebiggerthanmypreviousone.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）【高分句型2】WhatIlikemostischemistryclassbecausewecandoalotofexperiments,whichbringusalotoffun.（运用了what引导的主语从句、because引导原因状语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句）