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北京市东城区2021-2022学年高一英语下学期期末试题(Word版附解析)

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东城区2021-2022学年度第二学期期末统一检测高一英语本试卷共10页,共100分,考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后,将答题卡交回。第一部分知识运用(共四节,共40分)第一节(共15分,每小题1.5分)请阅读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。FULLHOUSEWalkintothe____1____ofAnneBellesandherhusband,andyou’llseekidseverywhere—thereare30boysinthiscrowdedhouseandAnneBellesistheirmom.Belleshaswantedto____2____childrensinceshewasakid.“IwastouchedbyamusicalbasedontheCharlesDickens’novelOliverTwist(《雾都孤儿》).Itoldmymom,‘That’swhatIwanttodo.Iwanttogiveprotectionandcaretoorphans(孤儿).’”Anne’sboys____3____inagefrom3to25.Allofthemare____4____insomeway.“Theyeachhavespecialneeds—physically,emotionally,oratschool,”saysBelles.Shedoesn’tfocusonwhatherkidscan’tdo,onlyonwhattheycan.Inaninterestingtwist,thirteenofher____5____aregoingtobeinalocaltheater’sproductionofOliver!Raising30boysisno____6____task.Everyday,asmallarmyofchildcareworkers,nurses,andvolunteerscomesintohelpcook,clean,andtakecareofhealthneeds.Thefamilyreceives$26,000amonthfromthegovernment,andhassome____7____fromafamilybusiness.Allthemoneyisspentonthechildren;havingnewclothesandfancycarsisn’t____8____toBelles.Howdothekidsfeel?Says17-year-oldAnthony,“ThefamilyisalwaystherewheneverIneedsomething…Underallthischaos(杂乱),IfeellikeIam____9____.”“Thiswasmydream.AndeverythingaboutwhatI’mdoingwaseverythingIwantedtohappeninmylife,”saysAnneBelles.“So,absolutelyno_____10_____;thisisperfect.Icouldn’taskforittobebetter—maybeabiggerhouse,youknow,wouldbenice.”1.A.classroomB.homeC.factoryD.office2.A.educateB.greetC.helpD.manage3.A.rangeB.resultC.increaseD.freeze4.A.warnedB.ignoredC.threatenedD.challenged5A.volunteersB.workersC.boysD.nurses6.A.mainB.smallC.joyfulD.familiar 7.A.incomeB.feesC.programmesD.permission8.A.extraB.importantC.effectiveD.enough9.A.curedB.neededC.lovedD.found10.A.choiceB.extremesC.hopeD.regrets【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.D5.C6.B7.A8.B9.C10.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了安妮·贝列斯和她丈夫在家里收养了30个男孩,并尽全力照顾他们,给予他们帮助的故事。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:走进安妮·贝列斯和她丈夫的家,你会看到到处都是孩子——这座拥挤的房子里有30个男孩,安妮·贝列斯是他们的妈妈。A.classroom教室;B.home家;C.factory工厂;D.office办公室。根据句中“thereare30boysinthiscrowdedhouse”可知,这座拥挤的房子里有30个男孩,“house”指“住宅”,由此可知,这里是安妮·贝列斯和她丈夫的家。故选B项。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:贝列斯从小就想帮助孩子们。A.educate教育;B.greet打招呼;C.help帮助;D.manage管理。根据下文“Iwanttogiveprotectionandcaretoorphans(孤儿).”可知,贝列斯从小就想保护和照顾孤儿,由此可知,她从小就想帮助孩子们。故选C项。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:安妮的男孩们的年龄从3岁到25岁不等。A.range(在一定的范围内)变化;B.result(因……)发生;C.increase增加;D.freeze冻结。根据空格后“inagefrom3to25”可知,句中指男孩们的年龄从3岁到25岁不等,“rangeinagefrom…to…”意为“年龄范围从……到……。故选A项。【4题详解】考查形容词和动词词义辨析。句意:他们都在某些方面有缺陷。A.warned警告;B.ignored忽视;C.threatened受到威胁的;D.challenged有缺陷的。根据下文“Theyeachhavespecialneeds—physically,emotionally,oratschool.”可知,这些孩子在身体、情感或上学方面有特殊需要,由此可知,他们在身体、情感等方面有缺陷,与常人不同。故选D项。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:有趣的是,她所有的男孩中的13个将在当地一家剧院演出《奥利弗》!A.volunteers志愿者;B.workers工人;C.boys男孩;D.nurses护士。根据上文“thereare30boysinthiscrowdedhouse”可知,安妮收养了30个男孩,由此可知,30个男孩中的13个将演出《奥利弗》。故选C 项。【6题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:抚养30个男孩不是一件小任务。A.main主要的;B.small小的;C.joyful高兴的;D.familiar熟悉的。根据下文“Everyday,asmallarmyofchildcareworkers,nurses,andvolunteerscomesintohelpcook,clean,andtakecareofhealthneeds.”可知,每天都会有志愿者过来帮忙做饭和打扫卫生等,由此可知,抚养30个男孩不是一件小任务,需要别人的帮助。故选B项。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:这个家庭每月从政府那里获得2.6万美元,并从一个家族企业中获得一些收入。A.income收入;B.fees(给别人的)费用;C.programmes计划;D.permission准许。根据句中“Thefamilyreceives$26,000amonthfromthegovernment”可知,这里介绍了这个家庭是如何获得生活费用的,由此可知,他们从一个家族企业中赚取一些家庭收入。故选A项。【8题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:所有的钱都花在了孩子身上;拥有新衣服和奢华的汽车对贝列斯来说并不重要。A.extra额外的;B.important重要的;C.effective有效的;D.enough充足的。根据句中“Allthemoneyisspentonthechildren”可知,所有的钱都花在了孩子身上,由此可知,对贝列斯来说,拥有新衣服和奢华的汽车并不重要。故选B项。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:17岁的安东尼说:“每当我需要什么东西的时候,家人总是在那里……在这片混乱中,我感觉到了自己被爱。”A.cured治愈;B.needed需要;C.loved爱;D.found发现。根据句中“ThefamilyisalwaystherewheneverIneedsomething”可知,安东尼觉得每当自己需要什么东西的时候,家人总会给予他帮助,由此可知,他感觉自己被爱了,得到了家人的爱。故选C项。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:所以,绝对没有遗憾;这太完美了。A.choice选择;B.extremes极端;C.hope希望;D.regrets遗憾。根据句中“thisisperfect”可知,贝列斯觉得现在的一切都很完美,由此可知,她认为没有遗憾。故选D项。第二节(共15分,每小题1.5分)A请阅读下面短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。TheUnitedKingdomhasalongandinterestinghistory____11____(explore).AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK,you____12____(surround)byevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeople____13____tookoverat differenttimesthroughouthistory.First,theRomanscame.Someoftheirgreat____14____(achievement)includedbuildingtownsandroads.Next,theAnglo-Saxons____15____(arrive).Then,theVikings.ThelastgroupweretheNormans.Theyhadcastles____16____(build)allaroundEngland,andmadechangestothelegalsystem.TheNormanswereFrench,somanyFrenchwordsslowlyentered____17____theEnglishlanguage.【答案】11.toexplore12.willbesurrounded13.who##that14.achievements15.arrived16.built17.into【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国的历史。【11题详解】考查动词不定式。句意:英国历史源远流长、别有趣味,等待你去探索。分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语动词has,且空处没有连词,所以空处需用非谓语动词;结合句子结构和句意可知,此处需用动词不定式作后置定语。故填toexplore。【12题详解】考查语态和时态。句意:在英国,几乎无论你走到哪里,你都能看到历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家的证据。surround包围,动词,作谓语;结合句意和句子结构可知,此处表示将要发生的动作,所以空处谓语动词需用一般将来时,结合空后“byevidence…”可知,空处主语是动作的承受者,所以空处谓语动词需用一般将来时的被动语态:willbedone。故填willbesurrounded。【13题详解】考查定语从句。句意:同上。分析句子结构可知,空处需用关系词引导定语从句,先行词是people,指人,关系词在定语从句中作主语,所以空处需用关系代词who/that引导定语从句。故填who/that。【14题详解】考查可数名词的数。句意:他们的一些伟大成就包括建造城镇和道路。some后需接可数名词复数,achievement成就,可数名词。故填achievements。【15题详解】考查动词时态。句意:接下来,盎格鲁-撒克逊人来了。结合前一句谓语动词came可知,空处谓语动词需用一般过去时,表示过去发生的事情。故填arrived。 【16题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他们在英国各地建造城堡,并对法律体系进行了修改。分析句子结构可知,本句已有动词had,且空处没有连词,所以空处需用非谓语动词;动词build与空前名词之间是被动关系,所以空处需用过去分词作宾语补足语;havesth.done使……被做。故填built。【17题详解】考查介词。句意:诺曼人是法国人,所以很多法语词汇慢慢地进入了英语。enterinto…成为……的一部分,固定搭配。故填into。B请阅读下面短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。DongShuchang,a23-year-oldphotographer,wonthetitleoftheAstronomyPhotographeroftheYear2021,becomingthe____18____(young)winnerofthetopphotographycompetitioninastronomy.Hisphotograph“TheGoldenRing”,____19____(take)inTibet(西藏)in2019,showsthemoonblockingoutmostofthesolardiscand____20____(leave)onlyathinringofsunlightshiningthrough.【答案】18.youngest19.taken20.leaving【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了23岁的摄影师董书畅获得了2021年度天文摄影师的称号和他的作品《金环》。【18题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意:23岁的摄影师董书畅获得了2021年度天文摄影师的称号,成为天文学顶级摄影比赛最年轻的获奖者。结合空前定冠词the和句子结构可知,空处需用形容词最高级,表示最年轻的获奖者,作定语,修饰名词winner。故填youngest。【19题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:于2019年在西藏拍摄的照片《金环》中,月轮遮住日面,独剩一环金色的、薄薄的阳光。分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语动词shows,且空处没有连词,所以空处需用非谓语动词;动词take与主语photograph之间是被动关系,所以空处需用过去分词作定语。故填taken。【20题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:同上。由空前“blockingoutmostofthesolardisc”和并列连词and可知,此处表示并列关系,逻辑主语themoon和动词leave是主动关系,所以空处需用现在分词作后置定语。故填leaving。 第三节(共5分,每小题1分)请根据句意,从方框中选择恰当的词组并用其正确形式填入相应位置。方框中每个词组只能用一次。provideforinmemoryofkeepsb.companyinspiteofbelongto21.TheDragonBoatFestivalis________aChinesepoet.22.Atage50,Janfoundherselfoutofworkandstuckathomewithonlyherdogto________.23.________sufferingfromdeafnessinhislatelife,LudwigvanBeethovencontinuedwritingmusic.24.Inorderto________sucharapidlyincreasingpopulation,scientistsaretryingtofindotherplanetsthatcouldonedaybeournewhome.25.“Thefuture________thosewhoprepareforittoday”—thisquoteistoreminduseveryeffortwemaketodayisgoingtomatteratsomepointinthefuture.【答案】21.inmemoryof22.keephercompany23.Inspiteof24.providefor25.belongsto【解析】【21题详解】考查固定短语。句意:端午节是为了纪念一位中国诗人。根据句意“为了纪念”可知,空格处应用固定短语“inmemoryof…”,意为“为了纪念……”。故填inmemoryof。【22题详解】考查固定短语。句意:50岁时,简发现自己失业了,困在家里,只有她的狗陪伴着她。根据句意“她的狗陪伴着她”可知,空格处涉及固定短语“keepsb.company”,意为“陪伴某人”,句子主语为“Jan”,故“sb.”转换为人称代词宾格“her”,不定式符号“to”后接动词原形。故填keephercompany。【23题详解】考查固定短语。句意:尽管晚年患有耳聋,路德维希·凡·贝多芬仍继续创作音乐。根据句意“尽管”可知,空格处涉及固定短语“inspiteof”,意为“尽管”,句首单词首字母大写。故填Inspiteof。【24题详解】考查固定短语。句意:为了供养如此迅速增长的人口,科学家们正在努力寻找有一天可能成为我们新家的其他行星。根据句意“供养”可知,空格处涉及固定短语“providefor…”,意为“供养……”,“inordertodosth.”意为“为了做某事”,不定式符号“to”后接动词原形。故填providefor。 【25题详解】考查时态和固定短语。句意:“未来属于那些今天为之做准备的人”——这句话是为了提醒我们,我们今天所做的每一项努力在未来的某个时候都会很重要。根据句意“属于”可知,空格处涉及固定短语“belongto…”,意为“属于……”,根据句意可知,句子陈述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,句子主语为“future”,故应用“belong”的三单形式“belongs”,故空格处应填“belongsto”。故填belongsto。第四节(共5分,每小题1分)请根据首字母和中文提示,填入合适的单词,使句子完整。请在答题卡指定区域写出完整单词,进行作答,26.Toapersonnothingismorep______________(宝贵的)thantheirlife.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】precious##recious【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意:对一个人来说,没有什么比生命更宝贵。根据单词首字母和汉语提示“宝贵的”可知,空格处应用“precious”,意为“宝贵的”,形容词词性,在句中作表语。故填precious。27.Theeditorsadmittedthemistakeanda________(道歉)tothereaders.(根据中英文提示填空)【答案】apologized##pologized##apologised##pologised【解析】【详解】考查动词和时态。句意:编辑们承认了错误并向读者道歉。根据单词首字母和汉语提示“道歉”可知,空格处涉及单词“apologize”,意为“道歉”,动词词性,也可写作“apologise”,根据句中“admitted”可知,句子陈述的是过去发生的事,为一般过去时,空格处应用“apologize”的过去式“apologized”,或用“apologise”的过去式“apologised”。故填apologized/apologised。28.TherearecountlessarticlestellingushowHigh-SpeedRailwayhasmadeourlivesmorec________(方便的).(根据中英文提示填空)【答案】convenient##onvenient【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意:有无数的文章告诉我们高速铁路是如何使我们的生活更加方便的。根据单词首字母和汉语提示“方便的”可知,空格处应用“convenient”,意为“方便的”,形容词词性,在句中作宾语补足语。故填convenient。29.Thefailuresmadethescientistssadandd________(失望的),butthedesiretolaunchaspacelabintospaceneverdied.(根据中英文提示填空)【答案】disappointed##isappointed【解析】【详解】 考查形容词。句意:这些失败使科学家们感到悲伤和失望,但是把太空实验室发射到太空的愿望从未消失。根据汉语和首字母提示可知,disappointed失望的,形容词作宾语补足语,符合题意。故填disappointed。30.Whenyou’redesigningthehandbook,pleasemakesurethatitc________(包含)alltheimportantinformation.(根据中英文提示填空)【答案】contains##ontains【解析】【详解】考查动词和时态。句意:当你在设计手册时,请确保手册包含所有重要信息。根据单词首字母和汉语提示“包含”可知,空格处涉及单词“contain”,意为“包含”,动词词性,根据句意可知,句子陈述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,句子主语为“it”,故空格处应用“contain”的第三人称单数“contains”。故填contains。第二部分阅读理解(共两节,共30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题2分,共20分)请阅读下列短文,根据短文内容,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。AAsanyyoungerbrotherwilltellyou,havingabigbrothermeansalotofwalkinginsomeoneelse’sshadow,especiallywhenyouhaveabrotherwhoisatypicalexampleof“cool”.ForyearsIwantedtodoeverythingmyelderbrotherTysondid,butnomatterhowhardItried,Iwasalwaystheneglected(被忽略的)one.Mylegsjustweren’tmadetorunlikehis.Icouldneverplayfootballorbasketballwell.Iprobablywouldhavecontinuedtryingtokeepupwithhimfortherestofmyhighschoolcareer,butwhenmyfamilymoved,everythingchanged.Tysonleftforcollege,soIhadtostartatanewschoolallbymyself.Thisnewstartgavemeanopportunitytoredefinemyselfanddiscoveranentirelynewmeaningof“cool”.Idon’tknowwhatmademedecidetotrysomenewactivitiesatthenewschool,butonedayIchancedtoshowupforanafter-schoolmeetingoftheScienceOlympiadteam.Ihadalwaysbeenfascinatedwithchemistry,biology,andmath,butsincethoseinterestshadn’tfitTyson’sdefinitionof“cool”,Ihadneverpursuedthem.Onthisday,forsomereason,Idid.Asweorganizedteams,preparedresourcesandpracticedansweringquestions,IfeltmoreconnectedthanIeverhadtoanysportsteam.Ididn’tfeelasthoughIneededtokeepupwithanybodyelse;Iwasfinallywithpeers(同伴)whounderstoodme.ItwassogoodtofeelacceptedforwhatI’mgoodat.Forthefirsttimeinmylife,Iactuallyfeltcool.NowIknowwhoIam!I’mTyson’slittlebrother,butthat’sonlypartofmyidentity.I’macoolguyinmyownway,too.I’mrelievedtoknowthat“cool”hasamuchbroaderdefinitionthanwhatIusedtothink. 31.WhatmakesTysonatypicalexampleof“cool”?A.Hehaslonglegsanddressesfashionably.B.Hepayslittleattentiontoothers.C.Healwaysshadowshisbrother.D.Heisreallygoodatsports.32.Whatmadetheauthorfeel“cool”?A.Goingtoanewschoolallbyhimself.B.Acceptingpeerswiththesameinterest.C.Takingpartinactivitiesofascienceteam.D.RefusingtobeidentifiedasTyson’sbrother.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Neverjudgeabookbyitscover.B.Findyourselfandbeyourself.C.Lifeisfullofpossibilities.D.Skillisnoburden.【答案】31D32.C33.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者一直以哥哥为榜样,模仿哥哥的行为,通过参加科学团队的经历,让作者意识到不应该模仿别人,应该做自己,成为自己想成为的人。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“ForyearsIwantedtodoeverythingmyelderbrotherTysondid,butnomatterhowhardItried,Iwasalwaystheneglected(被忽略的)one.Mylegsjustweren’tmadetorunlikehis.Icouldneverplayfootballorbasketballwell.”(多年来,我想做我哥哥泰森做的一切,但无论我多么努力,我总是被忽视的一个。我的腿就是跑得不像他的那么快。我从来都踢不好足球,也打不好篮球。)可知,作者想和哥哥泰森一样“酷”,所以他也参加各种体育运动,但他从来都踢不好足球,也打不好篮球,由此可知,哥哥泰森擅长体育运动,这一点让泰森成为“酷”的典型代表。故选D项。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段内容“Idon’tknowwhatmademedecidetotrysomenewactivitiesatthenewschool,butonedayIchancedtoshowupforanafter-schoolmeetingoftheScienceOlympiadteam.Ihadalwaysbeenfascinatedwithchemistry,biology,andmath,butsincethoseinterestshadn’tfitTyson’sdefinitionof“cool”,Ihadneverpursuedthem.Onthisday,forsomereason,Idid.”(我不知道是什么让我决定在新学校尝试一些新的活动,但有一天我碰巧参加了科奥队的课后会议。我一直对化学、生物和数学着迷,但由于这些兴趣不符合泰森对“酷”的定义,所以我从未追求过。在这一天,出于某种原因,我做到了。)和最后一段关键句“Forthefirsttimeinmylife,Iactuallyfeltcool.”(这是我有生以来第一次确实感到很酷。)可知,作者参加了科奥队,这次经历让作者有生以来第一次感到很酷,由此可知,参加科学团队的活动让作者觉得很“酷”。故选C项。 【33题详解】推理判断题。通读全文,结合最后一段关键句“Forthefirsttimeinmylife,Iactuallyfeltcool.NowIknowwhoIam!I’mTyson’slittlebrother,butthat’sonlypartofmyidentity.I’macoolguyinmyownway,too.”(这是我有生以来第一次确实感到很酷。现在我知道我是谁了!我是泰森的弟弟,但那只是我身份的一部分。以我自己的方式,我也是一个很酷的人。)可知,本文讲述了作者一直以哥哥为榜样,模仿哥哥的行为,通过参加科学团队的经历,让作者意识到不应该模仿别人,应该做自己,成为自己想成为的人,由此可推断出,我们可以从这个故事中学到我们应该找到自我,做自己。故选B项。BScientistsCrackMonkeyBehaviourScientistshaveobservedtwogroupsoflong-tailedmacaquemonkeys(长尾猕猴)inThailand,SoutheastAsia,usingstonetoolsdifferently,eventhoughtheislandstheyliveonarelessthansixmilesapart.Long-tailedmacaquesareoneofonlyafewprimatespecies(灵长类物种)knowntousestonetools.Themacaquesusestonesthattheychoosecarefullytohammertheshellsofshellfish,suchasoysters,seasnailsandcrabs.Theycrackthemopenandscoopout(挖出)thefleshtoeat.OntwoneighbouringislandsoffthecoastofThailand,onegroupofmacaqueswereseenreusingtheirtools,calledhammerstones,whereasthemonkeysontheotherislandthrewtheirstonesawayafterusingthemonce.AteamofscientistsfromtheUK,GermanyandThailand,ledbyLydiaLunczfromtheUniversityofOxford,studiedhammerstonesfoundonYaoNoiislandandonnearbyBoiYaiisland.Distinctivepatternsofwearonstonesmeantthattheycouldtellwhichstoneshadbeenusedastools.TheteamfoundthatthestonesonBoiYaiusedtocrackopenoystershadmoreanddeeperlinesandtheyhadbeenwellused,butonYaoNoitheoneshadn’tbeenusedmuchatall.Thehammerstonesusedbyeachgroupweresodifferentthattheresearcherswereabletoworkoutwhichgrouphadusedthetooljustbylookingatit.Atfirst,theresearchersthoughttheremightbeashortageofstonesonBoiYai,whichwouldexplainwhyonegroupreusedthem.However,theteamsoonfoundlotsofsolidstonesonbothislands.Theythinkthatthedifferenceinthebehaviourofeachgroupisanexampleofculture.Cultureistheideas,customsandsocialbehaviourinagroupandisatypicallyhumanquality.Itincludessharedhabitspasseddownfromoldertoyoungeranimals.Thedifferentpatternsofbehaviourbetweenthetwogroupsofmonkeyssuggestthatdifferenttraditionscandevelopindifferentgroupsofmacaques,eventhoughtheyliveinsimilarsortsofenvironments.“Theuseoftoolsispassedonfrommonkeytomonkeyastheylearnfromeachother,”saidLuncz.TheresearchershopethatthisworkwillbehelpfulforscientistsStudyinganyearlyhumansandthewaytheyusedstonetools. 34.Whatcanweknowaboutthemacaquesfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Theycanmakeuseofstones.B.Theyusedifferenttoolstohunt.C.Theirfavouritefoodisshellfish.D.Theirgroupslivefarfromeachother.35.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“wear”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Damage.B.Dirt.C.Size.D.Decoration.36.Accordingtothepassage,researchersmaybelievethat________.A.macaquesonBoiYaiworkharderB.macaquesonYaoNoihavemorestonesC.macaqueshavetheirowntraditionsingroupsD.macaqueslearntsomebehaviourfromhumans【答案】34.A35.A36.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们在东南亚的泰国观察到的两组长尾猕猴,尽管它们生活的岛屿相距很近,但它们使用石器的方式不同。【34题详解】推理判断题。由文章第一自然段“Scientistshaveobservedtwogroupsoflong-tailedmacaquemonkeysinThailand,SoutheastAsia,usingstonetoolsdifferently,eventhoughtheislandstheyliveonarelessthansixmilesapart.(科学家们在东南亚的泰国观察到两组长尾猕猴,尽管它们生活的岛屿相距不到6英里,但它们使用石器的方式不同。)”和第二自然段第二句“Themacaquesusestonesthattheychoosecarefullytohammertheshellsofshellfish,suchasoysters,seasnailsandcrabs.(这些猕猴用它们精心挑选的石头敲打贝壳类动物的壳,如牡蛎、海螺和螃蟹。)”可知,这些猕猴能够利用石头。故选A项。35题详解】词句猜测题。由文章第四自然段第二句“TheteamfoundthatthestonesonBoiYaiusedtocrackopenoystershadmoreanddeeperlinesandtheyhadbeenwellused,butonYaoNoitheoneshadn’tbeenusedmuchatall.(研究小组发现,在博伊亚岛上用来敲开牡蛎的石头上有更多更深的纹路,它们被很好地利用了,但在耀诺岛上,这些石头根本就没怎么被使用。)”可知,研究人员判断哪些石头曾被用作工具的依据是,看石头上的使用纹路,即石头的磨损程度。所以该自然段第一句话“Distinctivepatternsofwearonstonesmeantthattheycouldtellwhichstoneshadbeenusedastools.(石头上独特的......模式意味着他们可以分辨出哪些石头曾被用作工具。)”中,wear的含义为“磨损、受损”。故选A项。【36题详解】推理判断题。由文章第五自然段第四句话“Thedifferentpatternsofbehaviourbetweenthetwogroupsof monkeyssuggestthatdifferenttraditionscandevelopindifferentgroupsofmacaques,eventhoughtheyliveinsimilarsortsofenvironments.(两组猕猴不同的行为模式表明,即使它们生活在类似的环境中,但是不同的猕猴群体形成了不同的传统。)”可知,猕猴群体有它们各自的传统。故选C项。CThesuccessofBlueOrigin’sspacetourismflightshascausedconcernsamongthepublic.Manysayitisarichperson’sgamethatisunnecessarywhenEarthbadlyneedshelp.ForJaneSmith,co-founderofSpaceView,theindustryisnotpreventingEarthfromhelp,buthelpingitsinhabitantsbetterunderstandtheirworld.“Spaceexplorationhasplayedanimportantroleinformingourunderstandingofourplanet,”Smithsaidinaninterview.“ThemostdownloadedimageinhistoryisEarthrisethatwastakenin1968byApolloastronautsastheycircledthemoon.Takingthephotowasnotontheirscheduleofactivitiesbuttheyweresostruckbythescenethattheyrushedtorecordit.ThatonephotographhelpedhumanityseeEarthasaplanetinspace,andinspiredanupwardenvironmentalmovement.”SpaceView,foundedin2019,isafirmusingagiantballoontosendhumansintothestratosphere(平流层).Itisdesigningaluxuriouscapsule(豪华太空舱)thatftssixpassengers,whocanrelaxinseatsorenjoyasnackwhileflying20milesaboveEarth.Smithexplainedthateventually,millionsofpeoplewillhaveexcitingspaceexperience.TicketsforaridethroughSpaceViewcurrentlyrun$125,000aseat,butSmithsaidthe“long-termvisionistobringpricingdownsignificantly”.“Aticketpriceof,say,$30,000—$840,000wouldmakethespacetripaffordabletomanymillionsofpeople,”sheadded.Whenaskedaboutthepubliccomments,Smithanswered,“WhenpeoplevisitspaceandexperienceourEarthfromthatsplendidpoint,theyconnectdeeplywithourplanetandthesingularhumanfamilythatinhabitsit.Itbroadenstheirperspective(视角)andtheyreturnwithadeepenedunderstandingofsocialandenvironmentalcauses.”37.WhatdothepublicthinkofBlueOrigin’sspacetourismfights?A.Successful.B.Pollutive.C.Beneficial.D.Costly. 38WhydoesJaneSmithmentionthephotoofEarthrise?A.Toreviewthehistoryofthephoto.B.ToexpressrespectstoApolloastronauts.C.Toremindpeopleofthebeautyofthespace.D.Toexplainthesignificanceofspaceexploration.39.WhatdoweknowaboutSpaceView?A.Ithasmademuchmoneyfromspacetourism.B.Itaimstomakespacetourismpopular.C.ItplaysapartinBlueOrigin’sflights.D.Ithassentsixpassengersintospace.40.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.IsSpaceTourismaRichPerson’sGame?B.CanEveryoneExperienceSpaceTourism?C.WhyShouldthePublicKnowaboutSpace?D.HowHasSpaceTourismDevelopedRapidly?【答案】37.D38.D39.B40.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了BlueOrigin的太空飞行之旅的成功引起了人们对太空旅行的广泛议论。多数人不理解这一行为。而SpaceView的创始人则表明,太空旅行会加深我们对地球的理解,让我们更好地了解所生活的社会和环境。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“ThesuccessofBlueOrigin’sspacetourismflightshascausedconcernsamongthepublic.Manysayitisarichperson’sgamethatisunnecessarywhenEarthbadlyneedshelp.(蓝色起源太空旅游飞行的成功引起了公众的关注。许多人说这是一个富人的游戏,是不必要的,况且地球现在急需帮助。)”可知,在多数人眼里,这个太空旅行是有钱人的游戏,且没有必要进行这样的活动,可推知,许多人认为这个太空之旅很耗钱且没必要。故选D项。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的““ThemostdownloadedimageinhistoryisEarthrisethatwastakenin1968byApolloastronautsastheycircledthemoon.Takingthephotowasnotontheirscheduleofactivitiesbuttheyweresostruckbythescenethattheyrushedtorecordit.ThatonephotographhelpedhumanityseeEarthasaplanetin space,andinspiredanupwardenvironmentalmovement.”(“历史上下载次数最多的照片是1968年阿波罗宇航员环绕月球时拍摄的Earthrise。拍照并不在他们的活动日程上,但是他们被这一幕深深打动了,他们赶紧去记录下来。一张照片帮助人类将地球视为太空中的一颗行星,并激发了一场环保运动。”)”可知,这张照片改变了人们对地球的看法,将其视为太空中的一颗行星,也让人们关注环境,因此提到这张照片的目的是为说明太空探索是很有必要且重要的。故选D项。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Smithexplainedthateventually,millionsofpeoplewillhaveexcitingspaceexperience.TicketsforaridethroughSpaceViewcurrentlyrun$125,000aseat,butSmithsaidthe“long-termvisionistobringpricingdownsignificantly”.“Aticketpriceof,say,$30,000—$840,000wouldmakethespacetripaffordabletomanymillionsofpeople,”sheadded.(史密斯解释说,最终,数百万人将会有激动人心的太空经历。目前,乘坐SpaceView的票价为每座位12.5万美元,但史密斯表示,“长期愿景是大幅降低票价”。“比如说,3万到84万美元的票价将使数百万人负担得起这次太空旅行,”她补充道。)”可知,SpaceView希望让更多的人负担得起太空旅行的费用而去进行一次太空旅行,因此它的目的就是让太空旅行受人们喜欢。故选B项。【40题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段的“ThesuccessofBlueOrigin’sspacetourismflightshascausedconcernsamongthepublic.Manysayitisarichperson’sgamethatisunnecessarywhenEarthbadlyneedshelp.(蓝色起源太空旅游飞行的成功引起了公众的关注。许多人说这是一个富人的游戏,是不必要的,况且地球现在急需帮助。)”以及第二段的第一句“ForJaneSmith,co-founderofSpaceView,theindustryisnotpreventingEarthfromhelp,buthelpingitsinhabitantsbetterunderstandtheirworld.(对于SpaceView的联合创始人简·史密斯来说,这个行业不是阻止地球获得帮助,而是帮助它的居民更好地了解他们的世界。)”以及最后一段“Whenaskedaboutthepubliccomments,Smithanswered,“WhenpeoplevisitspaceandexperienceourEarthfromthatsplendidpoint,theyconnectdeeplywithourplanetandthesingularhumanfamilythatinhabitsit.Itbroadenstheirperspective(视角)andtheyreturnwithadeepenedunderstandingofsocialandenvironmentalcauses.”(当被问及公众的评论时,史密斯回答说:“当人们访问太空并从那个壮观的地方感受我们的地球时,他们与我们这个星球以及居住在这个星球上的人类大家庭深深地联系在一起。这拓宽了他们的视野,他们回来时会对社会和环境因素有了更深刻的理解。”)”可知,文章开头呈现人们对太空旅行的看法,许多人认为这是有钱人的游戏,而在后文则围绕人们的看法来解释了太空旅行真正的用处。因此A选项“IsSpaceTourismaRichPerson’sGame?(太空旅行是有钱人的游戏吗?)”切合文章大意。故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,共10分) 根据短文内容、从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WalkingUnderLiverpoolInmostways,theEnglishcityofLiverpoolisnodifferentfromotherlargecities.Itisfullofpeople,restaurants,museums,andshops.However,Liverpoolstandsoutinoneinterestingway.____41____Formanyyears,thetunnels(地道)werenearlyforgotten.Therewasnoevidencethatthetunnelswerereal.In2001,asmallgroupofcuriouspeopleweredelightedtodiscoverthattheoldalesweretrue.Ahugenetworkoftunnelssnakedunderthecity.Wenowknowthatthetunnelswerebuiltsometimeintheearly1800s.AmannamedJosephWilliamsondesignedthem.____42____WhydidWilliamsonwantthetunnels?Weretheyeverused?Ifso,forwhat?Wecanonlyguess.____43____Manypeoplewerejoblessatthattime,andWilliamsonwasknowntobekind.Perhapshecameupwiththetunnelprojectsothathecouldofferpeoplejobs.AnotherguessisthatWilliamsonusedthetunnelsforsecretbusiness.StillothersthinkthatWilliamsonbuiltthetunnelsforsafetyreasons.Perhapshewasafraidthatsometypeofdangerouseventwouldhappen.____44________45____Williamsondidnottellmanypeoplewhyhebuiltthetunnels.Maybehewrotedownhisreasonsandputthepaperssomewhereinthetunnels.Perhapsthosepaperswillonedaybefound.Fornow,themysteryoftheWilliamsonTunnelsremains.A.Butthereisalotwestilldon’tknow.B.Theideasareinteresting,butnooneknowsthetruth.C.Underthebusystreets,therearemilesofoldtunnels.D.Somepeoplewhostudythetunnelshavegotnewfindings.E.OneideaisthatWilliamson,whowasrich,wastryingtohelpothers.F.Nordoesanyoneknowforsureevenhowmanyofthetunnelsthereare.G.Thetunnelswouldhaveofferedprotectionforhimselfandhislovedones.【答案】41.C42.A43.E44.G45.B【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章以走在利物浦为题,介绍了英国城市利物浦与众不同的地方,在于它有许多地道及其相关知识。【41题详解】上文“However,Liverpoolstandsoutinoneinterestingway.(然而,利物浦以一种有趣的方式脱颖而出。)” 可知文章开始引入主题,表明利物浦有与众不同的地方;下文“Formanyyears,thetunnelswerenearlyforgotten.(多年来,这些地道几乎被遗忘。)”可知,利物浦脱颖而出的原因在于这些地道。C项“在繁忙的街道下,有几英里长的旧地道。”承上启下,指出这里有很多地道,承接上文,并引起下文详细讲解这些地道。故选C项。【42题详解】上文“Wenowknowthatthetunnelswerebuiltsometimeintheearly1800s.(我们现在知道的这些地道是在19世纪早期修建的。)”在说明我们目前所了解的地道信息;下文“WhydidWilliamsonwantthetunnels?Weretheyeverused?Ifso,forwhat?(威廉姆森为什么想要建地道?它们曾经被使用过吗?如果被用过,做了什么呢?)”三个问句,说明依然还有有关地道不了解的信息。A项“但还有很多我们还不知道的信息。”与上文形成对照,与下文一致。故选A项。【43题详解】下文“Manypeoplewerejoblessatthattime,andWilliamsonwasknowntobekind.Perhapshecameupwiththetunnelprojectsothathecouldofferpeoplejobs.(那时候很多人都失业了,而威廉姆森是出了名的善良。也许他提出地道工程是为了给人们提供工作。)”说明威廉姆森建地道的其中一个原因可能是为了帮助别人。E项“其中一个想法是,富有的威廉姆森试图帮助他人。”中的tohelpothers(帮助他人)与下文一致。故选E项。44题详解】上文“Perhapshewasafraidthatsometypeofdangerouseventwouldhappen.(也许他是害怕会发生什么危险的事情。)”说明他建地道或许是出于安全考虑,以保护自己。G项“地道可以保护他和他所爱的人。”与上文一致。故选G项。【45题详解】下文“Williamsondidnottellmanypeoplewhyhebuiltthetunnels.(威廉姆森没有告诉很多人他建造地道的原因。)”和“Fornow,themysteryoftheWilliamsonTunnelsremains.(目前,威廉姆斯家族关于地道的谜团仍然存在。)”说明他建地道的原因依然都是猜测,真正的原因并没有人知道。B项“这些想法很有趣,但没有人知道真相。”nooneknowsthetruth(没有人知道真实情况)与下文内容一致。故选B项。第三部分书面表达(共两节,共30分)第一节(共4小题;第46、47、48题各2分,第49题4分,共10分)阅读下面短文,根据题目要求用英文回答问题。TheImpactofSocialMediaonAdolescents(青少年)Usingsocialmediahasbecomearoutineactivityformostyoungpeople.Inrecentyears,thenumberofyoungpeopleusingsocialmediahasincreaseddramatically,soalargepartoftheirsocialandemotionaldevelopmentis occurringwhiletheyareontheInternet.Socialmediaallowyoungpeopletoachieveonlinemanyofthetasksthatareimportanttothemoffline:stayingconnectedwithfriendsandfamily,makingnewfriends,andexchangingideas.Someschoolssuccessfullyuseblogsasteachingtools,whichhasthebenefitofimprovingskillsinwrittenexpressionandcreativity.Atthesametime,socialmediahelpsthemgetwhattheywant,increasetheirknowledgeandconfidenceintheiracademic(学业的)performance.Whilesocialmediaprovidesmanybenefits,itcanalsohaveanegativeimpactonyoungpeople,bothphysicallyandmentally.Itiseasytobecomeaddicted,andresearchshowsthatstudentswhospendtoomuchtimeonsocialmediacansufferfrompoorsleep,eyefatigue,negativebodyimage,depression,anxietyandmore.Researchalsoindicatesthattherearefrequentonlineexpressionsofofflinebehaviours,whichhaveintroducedproblemssuchascyberbullyingandonlineharassment(骚扰).Usingsocialmediabecomesarisktoadolescentsmorethantheycanrealise.Whenpeoplegoontowebsites,theyleaveevidenceoftheirvisits.Thisongoingrecordofonlineactivityiscalledthe“digitalfootprint”.Oneofthebiggestthreatstoyoungpeopleonsocialmediaistotheirdigitalfootprintandfuturereputations(名誉).Youngpeoplewholackanawarenessofprivacyissuesoftenpostinappropriatematerialwithoutunderstandingthat“whatgoesonlinestaysonline”.Asaresult,futurejobsandcollegeacceptancemaybeputindangerbyinexperiencedclicksofthemouse.46.Whyisalargepartofyoungpeople’ssocialandemotionaldevelopmentoccurringontheInternet?47.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?48.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.➤Youngpeople’simproperdigitalfootprintmayhaveanimpactoncyberbullyingandonlineharassment.49.Youhavebeenphysicallydistancedfromschoolthisterm.Howdoyoumakefulluseofsocialmediatobetteryourlifeandstudy?Pleasegiveoneortwoexamples.(Inabout40words)【答案】46.Becauseinrecentyears,thenumberofyoungpeopleusingsocialmediahasincreaseddramatically.47.It’smainlyaboutthebenefitsthatsocialmediaprovidestoteenagers.48.Youngpeople’simproperdigitalfootprintmayhaveanimpactoncyberbullyingandonlineharassment.Becausefrequentonlineexpressionsofofflinebehaviourshaveintroducedproblemssuchascyberbullyingandonlineharassment.49.Iwillusesocialmediatostayconnectedwithmyfriendsandexchangeideaswithmyteachers.Besides,Iwillusesocialmediatogetknowledge.(答案不唯一,符合文意即可)【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了社交媒体给青少年带来的好处和弊端。【46题详解】考查细节理解。根据第一段关键句“Inrecentyears,thenumberofyoungpeopleusingsocialmediahasincreaseddramatically,soalargepartoftheirsocialandemotionaldevelopmentisoccurringwhiletheyareontheInternet.(近年来,使用社交媒体的年轻人数量急剧增加,因此他们的社交和情感发展很大一部分是在互联网上进行的。)”可知,年轻人的社交和情感发展很大一部分发生在互联网上是因为近年来,使用社交媒体的年轻人数量急剧增加。故答案为Becauseinrecentyears,thenumberofyoungpeopleusingsocialmediahasincreaseddramatically.【47题详解】考查主旨大意。根据第二段关键句“Socialmediaallowyoungpeopletoachieveonlinemanyofthetasksthatareimportanttothemoffline:stayingconnectedwithfriendsandfamily,makingnewfriends,andexchangingideas.Someschoolssuccessfullyuseblogsasteachingtools,whichhasthebenefitofimprovingskillsinwrittenexpressionandcreativity.(社交媒体可以让年轻人在网上完成许多对他们来说很重要的任务:与朋友和家人保持联系,结交新朋友,交流想法。一些学校成功地使用博客作为教学工具,这有利于提高书面表达和创造力的技能。)”可知,文章第二段主要介绍了社交媒体给青少年带来的好处,例如可以在网上与朋友和家人保持联系,结交新朋友和交流想法等。故答案为It’smainlyaboutthebenefitsthatsocialmediaprovidestoteenagers.【48题详解】考查推理判断。根据第三段关键句“Researchalsoindicatesthattherearefrequentonlineexpressionsofofflinebehaviours,whichhaveintroducedproblemssuchascyberbullyingandonlineharassment(骚扰).(研究还表明,人们经常在网上表达离线行为,这带来了网络欺凌和在线骚扰等问题。)”可知,人们经常在网上表达离线行为,这带来了网络欺凌和在线骚扰等问题,并不是“不当的数字足迹”会对网络欺凌和在线骚扰产生影响,由此可知,句中“Youngpeople’simproperdigitalfootprint”是错误的,应改为“frequentonlineexpressionsofofflinebehaviours”,因为经常在网上表达离线行为带来了网络欺凌和在线骚扰等问题。故答案为Youngpeople’simproperdigitalfootprintmayhaveanimpactoncyberbullyingandonlineharassment.Becausefrequentonlineexpressionsofofflinebehaviourshaveintroducedproblemssuchascyberbullyingandonlineharassment.【49题详解】开放题。根据第二段关键句“Socialmediaallowyoungpeopletoachieveonlinemanyofthetasksthatareimportanttothemoffline:stayingconnectedwithfriendsandfamily,makingnewfriends,andexchangingideas.( 社交媒体可以让年轻人在网上完成许多对他们来说很重要的任务:与朋友和家人保持联系,结交新朋友,交流想法。)”可知,社交媒体可以让年轻人在网上与朋友和家人保持联系,结交新朋友和交流想法等,由此可知,如果这学期你与学校的距离太远,你可以通过社交媒体与朋友保持联系,与老师交流想法或通过社交媒体获取知识等,答案不唯一,符合文意即可。故答案为Iwillusesocialmediatostayconnectedwithmyfriendsandexchangeideaswithmyteachers.Besides,Iwillusesocialmediatogetknowledge.(答案不唯一,符合文意即可)第二节(20分)50.你校英语周刊正在举办以“A/An________experience”为题的征文活动。假设你是李华,请根据上面的征文启事,将题目补充完整,写一篇稿件投稿,内容包括:1.你的经历;2.感受或影响。注意:1.内容可以是参加学校音乐节、庆祝传统节日等校内外活动,也可自选;2.词数100左右。_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】AnunforgettableexperienceBecauseofCOVID-19,wehadtostayathome.Duringthisperiodoftime,therewerealotofunforgettablethings.Wecouldn’tgotoschoolduringthepandemic.Wecanonlyhaveonlineclassesathome.Wehadonlineclassesthroughcomputers,tabletsandphones.Thiswashowwecommunicatewithteachersandstudentsduringthepandemic.What’smore,wecouldn’teatout,soIhadtolearntocookbymyself.Iwatchedvideostolearnhowtocook.Cookingmademehappy. Thisunusualandunforgettableexperienceathomemakesmethinkandlearnalot.Theepidemicisstilloutthere,andI’mworriedaboutarecurrence.Ihopeeveryonecanworktogethertodefeattheepidemicatanearlydate.【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于记叙文。要求考生写一篇英文稿件投稿,介绍自己的经历及这次经历给自己带来的感受或影响。【详解】1.词汇积累许多:alotof→lotsof此外:what’smore→besides独自:byoneself→onone’sown高兴的:happy→pleased2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句:Wecouldn’tgotoschoolduringthepandemic.拓展句:Becauseclusteringisrisky,wecouldn’tgotoschoolduringthepandemic.【点睛】【高分句型1】Thiswashowwecommunicatewithteachersandstudentsduringthepandemic.(运用了how引导的表语从句)【高分句型2】Ihopeeveryonecanworktogethertodefeattheepidemicatanearlydate.(运用了that引导的宾语从句,省略了that)

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所属: 高中 - 英语
发布时间:2023-06-19 16:20:11 页数:21
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文章作者:随遇而安

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