北京市东城区2022-2023学年高二英语上学期期末试卷（Word版附解析）

东城区2022—2023学年度第一学期期末统一检测高二英语本试卷共10页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用(共三节，共42分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AtLuckyCandy,asmallneighborhoodstore,customersareinforaluckytreat.AhmedAlwan,acashierofthestore,inventedagamethat’ssincegoneviral:if___1___correctlyanswerhismathquestions,theyareabletograbasmanyitemsaspossibleinfiveseconds—allfor___2___.Alwancameupwiththeideatoprimarily___3___“low-incomecommunitymembers”andhehimselfendsuppayingforwhateverthewinnerscollect.ForAlwan,23,joyisessentialasbreakfast—butregularsathisfamily’scornerstoresometimes___4___both.“Thisneighborhoodhasalotofpoorpeople,”hesays.“They’veknownmesinceIwasalittlekid.Iknowmostofthembyname.Iseepeople—someofwhomare___5___customers—sleepingonthetrain.Iusedtogivethembutteredrolls,coffeeandbananasinthemorningto___6___theirdays.”Afanofmaththroughouthighschoolandcollege,Alwanthoughtofthewaytocombinehisloveofentertainingandaltruism(利他主义)intothegametogoonhelpingpeopleandkeeptheir___7___skillssharptoo.Sohowdoesallthegift___8___andproblemsolvingaffectthestore’sprofits?Alwansaidithasn’taffectedthefamilybusinessnegatively.“It’soutofmyown___9___,”hesaid.HerecentlylaunchedaGoFundMepageontheInternettoraisefundsforthegameaswell.Iftheequation(方程式)forhappinessequalskindnessplus____10____,Alwanhasalreadysolvedit.1.A.shoppersB.cashiersC.ownersD.witnesses2.A.funB.goodC.freeD.love3.A.chooseB.helpC.educateD.gather4.A.insistonB.liveoffC.adjusttoD.strugglefor5.A.potentialB.closeC.extraordinaryD.domestic6.A.clarifyB.guideC.evaluateD.brighten 7.A.tradingB.verbalC.mathD.reading8.A.exchangingB.makingC.designingD.giving9.A.pocketB.needC.controlD.head10.A.modestyB.generosityC.honestyD.bravery【答案】1.A2.C3.B4.D5.B6.D7.C8.D9.A10.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是一名收银员AhmedAlwan利用游戏的方式帮助附近贫困的人，他的善良和慷慨帮助别人的同时，自己也得到了幸福和快乐。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这家商店的收银员AhmedAlwan发明了一个游戏，这个游戏后来风靡一时：如果购物者正确回答了他的数学问题，他们就可以在五秒钟内抓住尽可能多的商品——所有这些都是免费的。A.shoppers顾客；B.cashiers收银员；C.owners拥有者；D.witnesses目睹者。根据首段中的“AtLuckyCandy,asmallneighborhoodstore,customersareinforaluckytreat.”可知，故事发生的背景是商店，所以此处应该是顾客。故选A项。【2题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这家商店的收银员AhmedAlwan发明了一个游戏，这个游戏后来风靡一时：如果购物者正确回答了他的数学问题，他们就可以在五秒钟内抓住尽可能多的商品——所有这些都是免费的。A.fun趣事；B.good益处；C.free免费；D.love爱。根据下文中的“hehimselfendsuppayingforwhateverthewinnerscollect.”可知，Alwan给顾客拿的东西付账，所以此处是免费，forfree意为“免费地”符合语境。故选C项。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Alwan提出了主要帮助“低收入社区成员”的想法，他自己最终为获奖者收集的任何东西付费。A.choose选择；B.help帮助；C.educate教育；D.gather收集，聚集。根据下文中的“Alwanthoughtofthewaytocombinehisloveofentertainingandaltruism(利他主义)intothegametogoonhelpingpeople…”可知，此处指的是Alwan帮助收入不高的人。故选B项。【4题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：对于23岁的阿尔万来说，快乐就像早餐一样必不可少，但他家街角商店的常客有时会为两者而苦恼。A.insiston坚持；B.liveoff依赖，靠……生活；C.adjustto适应；D.strugglefor为……奋斗。根据上文中的“ForAlwan,23,joyisessentialasbreakfast—butregularsathisfamily’scornerstoresometimes…”以及下文中的both，可知商店周围这些常客却为获得快乐和早餐而努力奋斗，说明周围人们的日子过的很困难。故选D项。 【5题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我看到人们——其中一些是近处的亲密的顾客——睡在火车上。A.potential潜在的；B.close亲近的，亲密的；C.extraordinary特殊的；D.domestic国内的。根据上文中的““Thisneighborhoodhasalotofpoorpeople,”hesays.“They’veknownmesinceIwasalittlekid.Iknowmostofthembyname.”可知，此处指的是认识他的一些常客，所以此处说亲密的顾客。故选B项。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我曾经在早上给他们黄油卷，咖啡和香蕉，以给他们的日子带来希望。A.clarify澄清；B.guide引导；C.evaluate评估；D.brighten点亮。根据上文中的“Iusedtogivethembutteredrolls,coffeeandbananasinthemorning…”可知，此处指的是给大家这些东西，为了让大家从一早上就有一个好心情，brightenone’sday意为“给某人带来希望或愉快”符合语境。故选D项。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Alwan在整个高中和大学都是数学迷，他想办法将他对娱乐和利他主义的热爱融入到游戏中，继续帮助人们并保持他们的数学技能。A.trading交易；B.verbal口头上；C.math数学；D.reading阅读。根据上文中的“Afanofmaththroughouthighschoolandcollege,…”可知，此处指的是使他们的数学技能得到提升。故选C项。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那么，所有发出去的礼物和解决问题会不会影响商店的利润呢？A.exchanging交换；B.making使，制造；C.designing设计；D.giving给予。根据下文中的“…andproblemsolvingaffectthestore’sprofits?”可知，and前后并列结构，后面是“解决问题”，再结合语境可知此处应为“发送礼物”。故选D项。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这是我自己掏腰包的，”他说。他最近在互联网上推出了一个GoFundMe页面，为游戏筹集资金。A.pocket口袋；B.need需要；C.control控制；D.head头。根据上文中的“…hehimselfendsuppayingforwhateverthewinnerscollect.”和“Alwansaidithasn’taffectedthefamilybusinessnegatively.”可知，此处指的是Alwan自己掏腰包，所以不会影响家庭收入。故选A项。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果幸福的方程式是善良加慷慨，那么Alwan已经解决了它。A.modesty谦虚；B.generosity慷慨；C.honesty诚实；D.bravery勇敢。结合全文语境可知，本文讲述的是Alwan以游戏的形式，免费帮助有困难的人，这表明了他的慷慨，无私和善良。故选B项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。CharlieChaplinisahouseholdnamearoundtheworld.He___11___(regard)asoneofthebestcomedyactors.Peopleofallagescanbemadelaughheartilybyhisperformances.Inmyopinion,the___12___(funny)thingofallaboutCharlieChaplinwasthewayhewalkedwhenhewasactingastheTramp,___13___isapoormanwithakindheartandoftenhasunexpectedadventures___14___(involve)thepolice.TheTrampisasymbolofthesilentcinema.【答案】11.isregarded12.funniest13.who14.involving【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了著名喜剧表演艺术家卓别林及其扮演的流浪汉角色。【11题详解】考查动词语态。句意：他被认为是最好的喜剧演员之一。regard与主语He是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态；句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时。故填isregarded。【12题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：在我看来，查理·卓别林最有趣的事情是他扮演流浪汉时的走路方式，流浪汉是一个穷人，但有一颗善良的心，经常有与警察有关的意想不到的冒险。根据后面“ofall”可知，此处应用形容词最高级，表示很多个事情中最有趣的。故填funniest。【13题详解】考查定语从句。句意：在我看来，查理·卓别林最有趣的事情是他扮演流浪汉时的走路方式，流浪汉是一个穷人，但有一颗善良的心，经常有与警察有关的意想不到的冒险。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是theTramp，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。【14题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在我看来，查理·卓别林最有趣的事情是他扮演流浪汉时的走路方式，流浪汉是一个穷人，但有一颗善良的心，经常有与警察有关的意想不到的冒险。involve与名词adventures是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动，作定语。故填involving。B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。LastSaturday,Iwenttotheschoolsportsfieldtowatchthefinalofthe4×100-metrerelayatourannualsportstournament.___15___therace,everyonewasquietandstill.Whentherunnerssetoff,everyonewentwild!Weall stoodupandstartedshouting.Itwaslikebeinghitbyahugewaveof___16___(excite).Theracewasalloverinjustoneminute.Whenthefirstrunner___17___(cross)thefinishline,everyonewasontheirfeet,cheering.【答案】15.Before16.excitement17.crossed【解析】【导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章记录了作者上周六去学校的运动场观看了一年一度的体育锦标赛4×100-metre接力赛的决赛。【15题详解】考查介词。句意：在比赛前，每个人都很安静。根据句子结构与句意，空格部分到标点符号处是状语部分，每个人在赛前才会处于未兴奋状态，故需要填表示“在……之前”的介词。故填before。【16题详解】考查名词。句意：这就像被一股巨大的兴奋浪潮击中一样。根据句子结构与句意，空格部分前面有介词“of”，介词后需要填写名词，提示词“excite”是动词形式表示“使兴奋”，这里需要转换成为名词词性。故填excitement。【17题详解】考查动词。句意：当第一名运动员冲过终点线时，每个人都站起来欢呼。根据句子结构与句意，空格部分处于“when”引导的状语从句中，是从句中的谓语部分，根据时间标志词这是上周六的故事，因此要使用一般过去时。故填crossed。C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。YuanLongpingwasbornin1930inBeijing.Hisparentswantedhimtopursueacareerinscienceormedicine.However,___18___concernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.YuanLongpingovercameenormoustechnicaldifficultiestodevelopthefirsthybridriceforfarmingin1974.Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcrops___19___(generate)fromYuan’shybridstrains.Yuan’sinnovation___20___(help)feednotjustChina,butmanyothercountriesthatdependonriceaswell,suchasIndiaandVietnam.【答案】18.what19.gengerated 20.hashelp【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章简要介绍了“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平的生平以及他对世界所做出的杰出贡献。【18题详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意：然而，最令他担忧的是，农民往往收成不佳，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，主语从句中缺少主语，而且意为令他担忧的“事情”，所以用连接代词what引导主语从句。故填what。【19题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，据估计，中国国内大米消费量的60%左右是由袁隆平杂交品种生产的作物。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词comprise，所以空处为非谓语动词作后置定语，和修饰的名词crops之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填generated。【20题详解】考查时态。句意：袁隆平的创新不仅帮助养活了中国，还帮助养活了许多其他依赖大米的国家，如印度和越南。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语动词，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，句子为现在完成时态。主语innovation为不可数名词，谓语单数形式。故填hashelped。第三节(共4小题;每小题3分，共12分)根据中文意思和括号内所给的提示词，翻译下面句子。请在答题卡指定区域作答。21.这是一个奇妙无比的、对每个人都有吸引力的主题公园。(appealto)Thisisanincrediblethemepark________.【答案】that/whichappealstoeveryone【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。根据汉语提示可知，空处可以用限制性定语从句来修饰themepark。先行词themepark，指物，应用关系代词that/which引导从句，that/which在从句中作主语。appealto“对...有吸引力”，在定语从句中作谓语，句子时态为一般现在时态，从句主语为第三人称单数形式，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。每个人用英文单词everyone。故填that/whichappealstoeveryone。22.“一个成功课堂的关键是让学生参与进来。”那位教授说。(becrucialto...)“________asuccessfulclassroomistoinvolvestudents,”theprofessorsaid.【答案】Whatiscrucialto【解析】【详解】考查主语从句和时态。分析句子结构可知，“_______asuccessfulclassroom”是主语，“是…… 的关键”为短语becrucialto，所以此处应用主语从句，从句缺少主语，表示“……的事/东西”，应用what来引导，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，句首单词首字母大写，故填Whatiscrucialto。23.刚才我打电话给史密斯先生，感谢他劝说我儿子改掉那个坏习惯(persuade,quit)JustnowImadeacalltothankMr.Smithfor________.【答案】persuadingmysontoquitthatbadhabit【解析】【详解】考查动词。表示“劝说某人做某事”为persuadesb.todosth.，其中不定式短语作宾补；表示“改掉那个坏习惯”为quitthatbadhabit；在介词for之后作宾语，所以persuade要用动名词形式。故填persuadingmysontoquitthatbadhabit。24.微笑可以打破隔阂是一个普遍真理。(breakdownbarriers)Itisauniversaltruth________.【答案】thatasmilecanbreakdownbarriers【解析】【详解】考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，句首的it作形式主语，空处应用that引导从句作真正的主语，从句描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，从句主语“微笑”译为asmile，使用不定冠词表示泛指，情态动词can表示“可以”，后接动词原形形式作谓语，“打破隔阂”译为breakdownbarriers。故填thatasmilecanbreakdownbarriers。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，共28分)第一节(共9小题;每小题2分，共18分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAccommodationisavailableforAltUniversitystudentsinanumberofdorms(宿舍)forgirlsandboysasseparated.ThesedormsarelocatedinMatbeycampusandaredesignedtoprovideaclean,comfortable,secureandcivilizedenvironmentforthestudents.♦FEESTRUCTURERoomTypeAnnualRate(9months)PerSemesterDescriptionSingleRoom$3,750$1,875Frontview(14m2)SingleRoom$3,550$1,775Frontview(10m2) SingleRoom$3,450$1,725Backview(14m2)TripleRoom$2,250$1,125Backview(30m2)QuadrupleRoom$2,450$1,225Frontview(32m2)QuadrupleRoom$2,100$1,050Backview(30m2)Roomfeeincludesaccommodation,electricity,heatingandwater,WiFi,cleaningservicesandlaundry.Roomchargesandmealplansarefor9months(oneacademicyear)or1semesterduringthestudyperiodattheuniversity.Oncestudentsregisterforthedormormealplan,itcannotberefunded(退款)incaseofcancelingthestayorthemealservice.♦FACILITIESMealPlan:Studentscanchooseamealplanincludingthreecoursesinadayduringtheirstay.Foronesemesteritcosts$810,fortwosemesters$1620.CleaningService:Thecleaningofdormroomsandcommonspacesisprovidedbyprofessionalcleaners.Cooking:Residentscaneitherdineatthein-houserestaurantorcooktheirownmealsatthecommonkitchenarea.LeisureTimeActivitiesandRelaxation:Musicroomandgymareavailablefortheuseofstudents,freeofcharge.Safety:AltUniversityDormitoryoffersstudentsasafeaccommodationwithits24/7securityand24/7availablestaff.♦HOWTOAPPLY?Studentscanprefertostayatthedormitoryforthefirstsemesteronlyortwosemestersboth(thewholeacademicyear).Inordertomakearoomreservation,youshouldfillintheonlineapplicationform.Duetolimitedspace,applicationswillbeprocessedonafirst-comefirst-servedbasis.Overseasstudents,studentslivingindistanceinthecityandstudentswithhandicapwillbegivenpriorityovertheothers.25.XieLeiisgoingtospend$1,200〜$1,400onaccommodationforthefirstsemesterinAltUniversity,whatroomtypecansheapplyfor?A.QuadrupleRoomwithfrontview.B.QuadrupleRoomwithbackview.C.SingleRoomwithfrontview.D.TripleRoomwithbackview. 26.Studentslivinginthedormcan________.A.usethegymatalowerpriceB.enjoyfreeheatingandwaterC.cookmealsinaparticularareaD.stopthemealplananytimeandgetthemoneyback27.Whatmayhelpastudentsuccessfullyapplyforadorm?A.Applyingforaccommodationforthewholeacademicyear.B.Sendingtheapplicationformasearlyaspossible.C.Applyingforadorminadistantcampus.D.Volunteeringforthedormcleaningjob.【答案】25.A26.C27.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Alt大学的学生宿舍情况，包括费用，设施及申请方式。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据文中表格第三栏PerSemester(每学期)下的第五行“$1,225(1225美元)”可知，第五行对应的是“QuadrupleRoom(四人间房间)”和“Frontview(32m2)(阳面（32平方米）)”可知，XieLei预计一学期在住宿上花费1200-1400美元，所以他可以申请阳面的四人间（QuadrupleRoomwithfrontview），故选A。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据Cooking(做饭)下的“Residentscaneitherdineatthein-houserestaurantorcooktheirownmealsatthecommonkitchenarea.(住宿学生可以在室内餐厅用餐，也可以在公共厨房区域自己做饭。)”可知，住在宿舍的学生可以在公共厨房区域，即特定区域做饭，故选C。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Duetolimitedspace,applicationswillbeprocessedonafirst-comefirst-servedbasis.(由于场地有限，申请将以先到先得方式处理。)”可知，尽早寄出申请表格将有助于学生成功申请宿舍。故选B。BSamanthaCristoforetti.2022/10/12…仰观宇宙之大，俯察品类之盛，所以游目骋怀，足以极视听 之娱，信可乐也。Lookingup,Iseetheimmensityofthecosmos;bowingmyhead,Ilookatthemultitudeoftheworld.Thegazeflies,theheartexpands,thejoyofthesensescanreachitspeak,&indeed,thisistruehappiness.ESA及另外4人Besides‘‘wow”and“great”,whatelsewouldyousaywhenflyingovertheEarthinspace?SamanthaCristoforetti,anItalianfemaleastronaut,postedseverallinesofafamousancientChinesecompositiononTwitterduringhermissionattheInternationalSpaceStationtoshareherjoy.ShefirstwroteinChinese,andthenattachedanaccuratetranslationofthelinesinbothItalianandEnglishtohelpmorepeopleunderstand.ThetextshequotedisfromthePrefacetoPoemsComposedattheOrchidPavilion,aChinesecalligraphymasterpiecebyWangXizhioftheEasternJinDynasty.ShealsoattachedthreephotostakeninspaceofChina’sBohaiBayandtheday-nightviewofBeijing.ThebeautyofspaceandChineseliteratureresonatedonCristoforetti’sTwitteraccount.HerpostwentviralonTwitterwiththousandsofretweets,likesandrepliesinafewhours.“HerquotationofthelinesshowsthatsheobservedtheuniversewiththevisionofChinesecivilizationwhileobservingChinafromspace,”oneusercomments.“AEuropeanastronautinspacerecitesChineseancientpoetry,howromantic,”saysanother.CristoforettihasbeenhighlypraisedforherChineselanguageskills.TheItalianspeakshalfadozenlanguagesandhaspreviouslytakenpartinjointtrainingbetweentheEuropeanSpaceAgency(ESA)andtheChinaMannedSpaceAgency.ApartfromCristoforetti,MatthiasMaurer,aGermanastronautfromESAwhowenttoChinatogetherwithCristoforettiforthejointtraining,canalsospeakfluentChinese.SinceChinaandEuropehavehadfriendlycooperationinthefieldofmannedspaceflight,manyforeignastronautshaveshowngreatinterestinlearningChinese.ESADirectorGeneralJosefAschbacherispositiveabouttheunifyingspiritofspaceexploration.Hesaid,“Spaceisinternational.Thereisnowaytoputaboundaryinspace—becausethespacestationandthesatellitesflyaroundtheearth,crossboundaries,crosscultures,crossreligionsanddifferentdividesintermsofphilosophyandhistory.”WhiletheremaybemanyproblemsbetweennationshereonEarth,inspace,cooperationisstrong. 28.WhatmadeCristoforettipostthemessageontheInternet?A.ThedesiretoshowoffherChinese.B.Theamazementattheviewofthespace.C.ThewishtoworkwithChineseastronauts.D.Thedutyofpopularizingspaceknowledge.29.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph3?A.CristoforettispreadChinesecivilizationonherTwitteraccount.B.Cristoforetti’ssuccessinlearningChineseencouragedothers.CCristoforetti’spostbecameahitontheInternet.D.Cristoforettiisageniusatlearninglanguages.30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Spaceexplorationsettlesdifferencesbetweennations.B.ThelongingforsolvingproblemsonEarthisuniversal.C.Masteringmorethanonelanguageisatrendamongastronauts.D.Cooperationinthespacefieldbridgesthegapbetweencultures.【答案】28.B29.C30.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了首位进入太空的意大利女宇航员SamanthaCristoforetti在执行国际空间站任务期间，在推特上发布了著名的中国古代名篇词句，引起了巨大反响。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据帖子下第一段“SamanthaCristoforetti,anItalianfemaleastronaut,postedseverallinesofafamousancientChinesecompositiononTwitterduringhermissionattheInternationalSpaceStationtoshareherjoy.”（意大利女宇航员SamanthaCristoforetti在执行国际空间站任务期间，在推特上发布了几行著名中国古代名篇，分享她的喜悦。）和帖子下第三段“ThebeautyofspaceandChineseliteratureresonatedonCristoforetti’sTwitteraccount.”（太空之美和中国文学在Cristoforetti的推特账户上引起了共鸣。）可知，因为看到太空的景象感到震撼及喜悦，SamanthaCristoforetti想要分享这份喜悦，所以发布了这些中国名篇词句。故选B。【29题详解】主旨大意题。根据帖子下第三段“ThebeautyofspaceandChineseliteratureresonatedonCristoforetti’sTwitteraccount.HerpostwentviralonTwitterwiththousandsofretweets,likesandrepliesinafewhours.” （太空之美和中国文学在Cristoforetti的推特账户上引起了共鸣。她的帖子在推特上疯传，数小时内就有数千条转发、点赞和回复。）可知，SamanthaCristoforetti上传的太空美景及中国名篇词句引起了网友的共鸣，成为了热点话题，她的帖子在互联网上走红。故选C。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据帖子最后一段“WhiletheremaybemanyproblemsbetweennationshereonEarth,inspace,cooperationisstrong.”（虽然地球上的国家之间可能有很多问题，但在太空中，合作是强有力的。）可知，太空领域的合作能够将各个国家连接起来，弥合不同文化之间的差距。故选D。CLightinghascomealongwaysinceTomEdisonlithisfirstincandescentbulb(白炽灯泡)inthe1880s.LEDbulbsarepoppingupeverywherenow,onplanes,carheadlights,inyourphone.AndengineersareexploringmorewaystouseLEDs—everythingfromwirelessdatastreamingtosecurecommunicationsystemsandin-flightnetworking.EngineerHaraldHaas,co-founderofpureLiFi,explainshowLEDscanbeusedtotransmitinformation,“LEDshavethepropertythatwecanchangethelightthatcomesoutofanLEDvery,veryquickly.Thatchangeinthebrightnessiswhatweexploitinordertoencodedataextremelyfast,sothatareceiverwillthenseethesechangesinthelightintensityinawayahumaneyewouldnotbeabletodetect.Thenwehavealgorithms(算法)torecoverthesechangesandgetbackthedatastream.”TherearemanyadvantagestousingLEDstotransmitinformation.Foronething,LEDscancommunicatemuchfasterthanWiFi.What’smore,thevisiblelightspectrum(频谱)isabouttenthousandtimeslargerthantheradiospectrum.Thiswouldallowcommunicationsystemstonotonlyuseaspectrumthat’salreadybeensetup,butvastamountoffreespectrum,whichisincars,inourLEDlightsathome,instreetlightsandsoon.“It’subiquitous.It’salreadythere,”Haassays.LiFiwouldalsobemoresecurethanWiFi.Becauselightcan’tgothroughwalls,peoplewouldnotbeabletologontoLiFinetworksinthesamewaythatthey’reabletologontoandeavesdropon(窃听)ongoingWiFicommunications.HaasarguesthatLiFiwouldalsobeavailableinplaceswherecommunicationistypicallydifficultwhenwecan’tuseradio.Oneinterestingapplicationcouldbetousecarheadlightstocommunicatewithotherdriversontheroad.“WecanusetheseLEDstotransmitdatafromcartocar.Normallyyouseethecarinfrontofyou,butifyouwereabletorelayhigh-definitionvideofrom,say,threecarsinfrontofyou,youcouldseeearlierwhat’shappening.Thisisawaywecanenhancesafetyonourroads,”Haassays.HaasandhiscoworkersforeseetheLEDlightindustrychangingrapidlyinthenearfuturetoincludeadditional features.“ThatiswhereLiFiplaysakeyrole.Fromhomesensingofinterior,you’dfindoutifpeoplehavefallendownandthewayyouwouldnavigate(导航)indoors.Somany,manymoreapplicationswouldbepossiblewithlight,”Haassays.31.WhatisessentialtoenableLEDstosendsignals?A.TheresearchworkbypureLiFi.B.QuicklychanginglightofLEDs.C.CommonuseofLEDsindailylife.D.Accurateanalysisoflightintensity.32.Whatdoesthesentence“It’subiquitous.”inParagraph3probablymean?A.LiFi’sspeedissuperfast.B.LEDlightsarefreetouse.C.LEDsarestableinquality.D.Availablespectrumiseverywhere.33.HaasmentionstheexamplesinthelasttwoparagraphsmainlytoindicateLiFi’s________.A.advantageinsecurityB.matureapplicationC.promisingprospectD.rapidupgrades【答案】31.D32.D33.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了LED可以用来传递信息，LiFi技术的优点和广阔的应用前景。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thatchangeinthebrightnessiswhatweexploitinordertoencodedataextremelyfast,sothatareceiverwillthenseethesechangesinthelightintensityinawayahumaneyewouldnotbeabletodetect.Thenwehavealgorithms(算法)torecoverthesechangesandgetbackthedatastream.(亮度的变化是我们利用的，以便极快地编码数据，以便接收器能够以人眼无法检测到的方式看到光强度的这些变化。然后我们有算法（算法）来恢复这些更改并取回数据流。)”可知，LED传输信号是以人眼看不到的亮度变化来传递的，光强度的变化通过再通过特殊的算法恢复其中的信息。能否准确传递信息的关键就是可否能够准确分析光强度。故选D。【32题详解】句意猜测题。根据第三段中“What’smore,thevisiblelightspectrum(频谱)isabouttenthousandtimeslargerthantheradiospectrum.Thiswouldallowcommunicationsystemstonotonlyuseaspectrumthat’salreadybeensetup,butvastamountoffreespectrum,whichisincars,inourLEDlightsathome,instreetlightsandsoon.(更重要的是，可见光谱（频谱）比无线电光谱大一万倍左右。这将使通信系统不仅可以使用已经建立的频谱，还可以使用大量的自由频谱，这些频谱存在于汽车，我们家中的LED灯，路灯等中。)”可知，LED通信频谱覆盖面广，应用也非常广泛，由此可推测It’subiquitous的含义为可用频谱无处不在，故选D。【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“Oneinterestingapplicationcouldbetousecarheadlightstocommunicatewithotherdriversontheroad.(一个有趣的应用可能是使用汽车前灯与道路上的其他司机进行交流。)”及第六段中“ThatiswhereLiFiplaysakeyrole.Fromhomesensingofinterior,you’dfindoutifpeoplehavefallendownandthewayyouwouldnavigate(导航)indoors.Somany,manymoreapplicationswouldbepossiblewithlight(这就是LiFi发挥关键作用的地方。从家庭内部感应，你会发现人们是否摔倒了，以及你在室内导航（导航）的方式。光可以带来如此多的应用)”可知，LiFi可以应用的场景很多，前景广阔。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。ThePowerinAcceptingYourErrorsItpaystobekindtoyourself.Anewstudyshowsthatbeingcompassionate(同情的)withyourselfwhenyoumakemistakescanreducedepression.Itisgenerallygoodtoholdyourselftohighstandardsandstrivetodoyourbest.Butsometimespeoplehaveunrealisticviewsofwhattheyshouldachieve.___34___Thenwhentheymakeamistake,theymaybetoounforgivingofthaterror.Itisanunhealthyformofperfectionism.Thisiswhenapersonviewsanythingimperfectasunacceptable.___35___However,self-compassioncanhelpprotectpeoplefromsuchnegativeimpacts,anewstudyfinds.___36___“It’softeneasytosaykindandsupportivethingstoourfriendswhenthingsgowrongforthem,”saysMadeleineFerrari.She’sapsychologistatAustralianCatholicUniversityinSydney.“Ifwecansaythesethingstoourselves,wewillstillreachourgoalsbutwillhavebettermentalhealth,”shesays.___37___Ferrari’steamwantedtoseeifself-compassionmightweakenthatlink.Theresearcherssurveyed541teenagersand515adults.Theyaskedthesepeopletofilloutasetofthreequestionnairesandaskedtheparticipantstoratetheirlevelsofperfectionism,depressionandself-compassion.Inbothgroups,peoplewhowerekindertothemselveswerelesslikelytoexperiencesadnessanddepression,theresearchersfound.___38___Andthatcouldbeespeciallytrueforperfectionists.A.Theysetstandardsthataretoohigh.B.Eventhemostintelligentandproductivepeoplemakemistakes.C.Thisisagoodexampleofimprovingandchangingbasedonamistake.D.Self-compassionistreatingyourselfthewayyouwouldtreatagoodfriend.E.Suchfeelingscanincreasestressandleadtosymptoms(症状)ofdepression.F.Solearningself-compassioncouldimprovetreatmentforthosewithdepression. G.Previousresearchhasshownthatpeoplewhoareperfectionistsaremorelikelytobecomedepressed.【答案】34.A35.E36.D37.G38.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了对自己充满同情可以减轻抑郁，善待自己是值得的。【34题详解】上文“Butsometimespeoplehaveunrealisticviewsofwhattheyshouldachieve.(但有时人们对自己应该实现的目标有不切实际的看法)”以及下文“Thenwhentheymakeamistake,theymaybetoounforgivingofthaterror.(然后，当他们犯了错误时，他们可能会对错误太不宽容)”说明有时候人们对自己设定不缺实际的目标，犯错误后对错误太不宽容，A项“他们设定的标准太高了。”说明人们设定太高的标准，承上启下，符合题意。故选A。【35题详解】上文“Thisiswhenapersonviewsanythingimperfectasunacceptable.(这是一个人认为任何不完美的东西都是不可接受的时刻)”以及下文“However,self-compassioncanhelpprotectpeoplefromsuchnegativeimpacts,anewstudyfinds.(然而，一项新的研究发现，自我同情有助于保护人们免受这种负面影响)”说明认为任何不完美的东西都不可接受会对人们产生负面影响，E项中symptomsofdepression是关键词，E项“这种感觉会增加压力并导致抑郁症状。”介绍了抑郁症状这一负面影响，承上启下，符合题意。故选E。【36题详解】上文“However,self-compassioncanhelpprotectpeoplefromsuchnegativeimpacts,anewstudyfinds.(然而，一项新的研究发现，自我同情有助于保护人们免受这种负面影响)”以及下文““It’softeneasytosaykindandsupportivethingstoourfriendswhenthingsgowrongforthem,”saysMadeleineFerrari.(玛德琳·法拉利说：“当我们的朋友遇到问题时，对他们说善意和支持的话通常很容易。”)”说明当朋友遇到问题时，我们容易对他们说善意和支持的话，采用同情的方式，D项中agoodfriend是关键词，D项“自我同情是以对待好朋友的方式对待自己。”承上启下，符合题意。故选D。【37题详解】下文“Ferrari’steamwantedtoseeifself-compassionmightweakenthatlink.(法拉利的团队想看看自我同情是否会削弱这种联系)”以及“Theyaskedthesepeopletofilloutasetofthreequestionnairesandaskedtheparticipantstoratetheirlevelsofperfectionism,depressionandself-compassion.(他们要求这些人填写一组三份问卷，并要求参与者对他们的完美主义、抑郁和自我同情程度进行评分)”说明法拉利的团队想看自我同情是否会削弱完美主义与抑郁之间的联系，G项“先前的研究表明，完美主义者更容易抑郁。”引出下文，符合题意。故选G。【38题详解】 上文“Inbothgroups,peoplewhowerekindertothemselveswerelesslikelytoexperiencesadnessanddepression,theresearchersfound.(研究人员发现，在这两组人中，对自己更友善人不太可能经历悲伤和抑郁)”说明对自己更友善的人，即可以自我同情的人不太可能会抑郁，F项“因此，学习自我同情可以改善抑郁症患者的治疗。”承接上文，符合题意。故选F。第三部分书面表达(共两节，共30分)第一节(共3小题;第39题2分，第40题3分，第41题5分，共10分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。FarmThemeParksPopularinJapanInmoderntimes,whenwethinkorhearaboutmajorthemeparks,whatoftencomestomindaresuccessfulfranchiseslikeDisneyland,DisneyworldandUniversalThemeParks.ButagrowingindependentgroupofspecializedthemeparksinJapanarecatchingtheattentionofthosewhoareinsearchofentertainment,freshfoodandthefeelofthegreatoutdoors.Forexample,NamegataFarmersVillageisasweetpotatothemeparkinIbarakiPrefecture,anareanotedforsweetpotatoproduction.“Thenumberofsweetpotatoproducershasdroppedduetotheagingpopulation.Wethoughtuptheideatoconveythecharmofagriculturetoyoungpeoplewhomovedtourbanareasbecausetheydidn’twanttotakeoverfromagingfarmers.Wehopedtosecureastablefutureforsweetpotatoes,”saidToshikazuNagao,presidentofthevillage.NamegataFarmersVillagecoversatotalareaofabout33hectares,or82acres,andutilizesabandonedfarmland.Aformerprimaryschoolisusedasthemainfacility.TheparkfeaturestheYakiimoFactoryMuseum,arestaurant,adirectsalesshopforagriculturalproductsandrentalfarmland.Classesformakingsweetpotatocakesarepopularamongfamilieswithchildren.TheconceptofanagriculturethemeparkisnotnewinJapan.IganoSatoMokumokuTezukuriFarmpioneeredtheconceptofagriculturalthemeparksinthelate-1980s.Thefarmopenedin1988whenMokuMokuTezukuriFarmCo.,anagriculturalcorporation,attemptedtoimprovetheaddedvalueofIgapork,alocalbrand.Localbeer,breadandtofuarenowproducedatthe14-hectarefarm.Visitorscanexperiencemakingsausagesinafactory,enjoybeingclosetoanimals,andeatatarestaurant.“Ithinkfarmthemeparksarethefuturedirectionofagriculture.Itshouldalsoleadtothepreservationofthelocalrusticscenery(乡村风光),”NaoyukiMatsuo,presidentofthefarmsaid.WhetherthethemeparkconceptflourishinginJapanwouldeverworkinothercountriesremainstobeseen,butforthoseinJapan,atleast,thinkingoutsidetheboxisearningfarmersandfoodcorporationsalikeagoodprofit.39.WhoareusuallyattractedtofarmthemeparksinJapan? __________________________________________________________40.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.ThefirstagriculturethemeparkinJapanopenedin1988withthepurposeofhelpingyoungpeoplelivinginurbanareasknowmoreaboutrurallife.__________________________________________________________41.NaoyukiMatsuosaid,“farmthemeparksarethefuturedirectionofagriculture”.Doyouagreewithhim?Whyorwhynot?(Inabout40words)__________________________________________________________【答案】39.Thepeoplewhoareinsearchofentertainment,freshfoodandthefeelofthegreatoutdoors.40.ThefirstagriculturethemeparkinJapanopenedin1988withthepurposeofhelpingyoungpeoplelivinginurbanareasknowmoreaboutrurallife.ThepurposeofthefirstagriculturethemeparkinJapanin1988istoimprovetheaddedvalueofIgapork,alocalbrand.41.Yes,Iagreewithhim.Youngpeoplehavenointerestintraditionalagricultureandtendtocrowdintocitiesinsearchofjobs.Now,peopleeareinsearchofentertainment,freshandhealthyfood.Farmthemeparkscansatisfythat.【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在日本，农场主题公园很受欢迎。并有专业人士指出，农场主题公园是未来农业的发展方向。【39题详解】考查细节理解。根据第一段“ButagrowingindependentgroupofspecializedthemeparksinJapanarecatchingtheattentionofthosewhoareinsearchofentertainment,freshfoodandthefeelofthegreatoutdoors.(但日本越来越多的独立主题公园吸引了那些寻求娱乐、新鲜食物和户外感觉的人的关注)”可知，寻求娱乐，健康食物和户外体验的人会被吸引来农场主题公园。故答案为Thepeoplewhoareinsearchofentertainment,freshfoodandthefeelofthegreatoutdoors.【40题详解】考查细节理解。根据第四段“IganoSatoMokumokuTezukuriFarmpioneeredtheconceptofagriculturalthemeparksinthelate-1980s.Thefarmopenedin1988whenMokuMokuTezukuriFarmCo.,anagriculturalcorporation,attemptedtoimprovetheaddedvalueofIgapork,alocalbrand.(20世纪80年代末，IganoSatoMokumokuTezukuri农场率先提出了农业主题公园的概念。1988年，农业公司MokuMokuTezukurifarm株式会社为了 提高当地品牌Iga猪肉的附加价值，开设了这家农场)”可知，IganoSatoMokumokuTezukuriFarm是日本第一家农业主题公园，可是它最初的目的并不是吸引城市的年轻人了解乡村生活，而是提高当地品牌猪肉的影响。故答案为ThefirstagriculturethemeparkinJapanopenedin1988withthepurposeofhelpingyoungpeoplelivinginurbanareasknowmoreaboutrurallife.ThepurposeofthefirstagriculturethemeparkinJapanin1988istoimprovetheaddedvalueofIgapork,alocalbrand.【41题详解】开放性试题，言之有理即可。根据第二段“Thenumberofsweetpotatoproducershasdroppedduetotheagingpopulation.Wethoughtuptheideatoconveythecharmofagriculturetoyoungpeoplewhomovedtourbanareasbecausetheydidn’twanttotakeoverfromagingfarmers.(由于人口老龄化，红薯生产者的数量已经下降。我们想出了这个主意，把农业的魅力传达给那些搬到城市的年轻人，因为他们不想接替年迈的农民)”及第一段中“ButagrowingindependentgroupofspecializedthemeparksinJapanarecatchingtheattentionofthosewhoareinsearchofentertainment,freshfoodandthefeelofthegreatoutdoors.(但日本越来越多的独立主题公园吸引了那些寻求娱乐、新鲜食物和户外感觉的人的关注)”判断，农场主题公园是未来农业发展的方向这个说法是有道理的。故答案为Yes,Iagreewithhim.Youngpeoplehavenointerestintraditionalagricultureandtendtocrowdintocitiesinsearchofjobs.Now,peopleeareinsearchofentertainment,freshandhealthyfood.Farmthemeparkscansatisfythat.第二节(20分)42.假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim来信说他最近读了一些科学家的传记，认为科学家有很多优秀品质非常值得年轻人学习，并询问你对此观点的看法。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.赞同他的观点;2.你从科学家身上学到的一种品质;3.你践行这一品质的一个事例。注意：1.词数100左右;2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearJim,I’mmorethandelightedtoreceiveyourlettersayingyou’vereadsomebiographiesofscientists.Ican’tagreemorewithyouthatweteenagerscanbenefitfromtheirpersonalities.TakeDoctorYuanLongpingasanexample,whoisapioneerinagriculturalarea.WeChineseshowgreatrespecttohim,withoutwhomsomemighthavediedofhunger.AsfarasI’mconcerned,henotonlydevotedhimselftotheresearchonrice,butalsocaredlittleaboutmoney.Inspiredbyhisstory,I’mreadingthelatestarticlesonAIinmysparetimeandevensubmittedmyownarticles.Unexpectedly,mysubmissionwaspublishedinamagazinelastmonth,whichencouragedmetosparenoefforttoworkhard,preparingformyfuturecareerasarobotdesigner.Additionally,Iwillleadasimplebutmeaningfullife.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Jim回信，赞同他“科学家的很多品质值得年轻人”的观点，并举例一种从科学家身上学到的品质,以及如何践行这一品质的一个事例。【详解】1.词汇积累收到你的来信：receiveyourletter→hearfromyou此外：additionally→what’smore/besides/furthermore领域：area→field献身于：devoteoneselfto→bedevotedto就我所知：asfarasIamconcerned→frommypointofview/asfarasIknow2.句式拓展同义句转换原句：AsfarasI’mconcerned,henotonlydevotedhimselftotheresearchonrice,butalsocaredlittleaboutmoney. 拓展句：AsfarasIknow,notonlydidhedevotehimselftotheresearchonrice,butalsohecaredlittleaboutmoney. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I’mmorethandelightedtoreceiveyourlettersayingyou’vereadsomebiographiesofscientists. （运用了现在分词作后置定语）【高分句型2】Unexpectedly,mysubmissionwaspublishedinamagazinelastmonth,whichencouragedmetosparenoefforttoworkhard,preparingformyfuturecareerasarobotdesigner.（运用了which引导的非限制性定于从句和现在分词作状语）