北京市石景山区2022-2023学年高二英语上学期期末试题（Word版附解析）

石景山区2022-2023学年第一学期高二期末试卷英语本试卷共10页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Afewdaysago,myfamilyandIwereatarestaurant.WehadjustfinishedourlunchwhenI____1____myselftogotothetoilet.Iheardalady____2____sayingsomethinginthestall(隔间)nexttome.Atfirst,Ididn’trealizewhatshewassaying,buteventually,Iheardhersay“Notissue!Notissue!”withanaccent.Sheseemedsonervous,soIaskedherifsheranoutoftoiletpaper.Thankfully,she____3____meandsaid,“Yes!Yes!”Ipassedhersomepaper.Whenwegotoutofthestall,shekeptthankingmeoverandover.Isaid,“You’rewelcome,Ma’am,”andtriedto____4____.TheladystoppedmeandsaidsomethingIcouldn’tunderstandatall.Isimplysmiledatherandnodded.Shetheninsistedon____5____mylunch.Itriedtopolitelyrefuse,buttheladyseemedso____6____totreatmetolunchthatIfinallyaccepted.SomepeoplewerestaringatmeandtheladyasIwalkedbacktomyfamilyandourtable.Theladywas____7____likeIhadjustsavedherlife,andIwasfeelinglikea____8____.Myparentswerelookingatme,____9____.Whentheyaskedmetoexplaineverything,IkeptlaughingforawhilebeforeIcouldgetoutasingleword.Thebestthingthathappenedtomethatdaywasnotafreemeal,butanewunderstandingofwhatitmeanstobetruly_____10_____.1.A.followedB.guidedC.introducedD.excused2.A.eagerlyB.anxiouslyC.calmlyD.hurriedly3.A.understoodB.convincedC.acceptedD.discovered4.A.agreeB.complainC.explainD.leave5.A.buyingB.havingC.takingD.cooking6.A.embarrassedB.determinedC.encouragedD.ashamed,7.A.tryingB.laughingC.growingD.acting8.A.ladyB.childC.heroD.parent9.A.inspiredB.confusedC.worriedD.delighted10.A.powerfulB.successfulC.helpfulD.wonderful【答案】1.D2.B3.A4.D5.A6.B7.D8.C9.B10.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者通过帮助一名陌生女人后，该女人热情地请作者吃饭。让作者明白的是什么才是真正的乐于助人。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们刚吃完午饭，我就请假去上厕所。A.followed跟随；B.guided指导；C.introduced介绍；D.excused原谅，宽恕。根据后文“togotothetoilet”可知，作者请求上厕所。故选D。【2题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我听到一位女士在我旁边的隔间里焦急地说着什么。A.eagerly渴望地；B.anxiously焦急地；C.calmly冷静地；D.hurriedly急忙地。根据后文“Sheseemedsonervous”可知，该女士很着急。故选B。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：谢天谢地，她听懂了我的话，说:“是的！是的！”A.understood明白；B.convinced说服；C.accepted接受；D.discovered发现。根据后文的“Yes!Yes!”可知，该女士听懂了作者的话。故选A。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我说:“不客气，夫人。”然后想离开。A.agree同意；B.complain抱怨；C.explain解释；D.leave离开。根据后文“Theladystoppedme”可知，作者要离开，但是该女士拦下了作者。故选D。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后她坚持要请我吃午饭。我试图礼貌地拒绝，但那位女士似乎决心请我吃午饭，我最终接受了。A.buying买；B.having有；C.taking拿走；D.cooking烹饪。此处表示该女士要坚持为作者的午饭买单。故选A。【6题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后她坚持要请我吃午饭。我试图礼貌地拒绝，但那位女士似乎决心请我吃午饭，我最终接受了。A.embarrassed尴尬的；B.determined坚定的；C.encouraged被鼓励的；D.ashamed羞愧的。根据后文“Ifinallyaccepted”可知，该女士非常的坚决要为作者的午餐买单，所以作者最终接受,了该女士的提议。故选B。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那位女士表现得好像我刚救了她的命，而我觉得自己像个英雄。A.trying尝试；B.laughing笑；C.growing成长；D.acting表现，行动。根据前文“Shetheninsistedon____5____mylunch.Itriedtopolitelyrefuse,buttheladyseemedso____6____totreatmetolunchthatIfinallyaccepted.”可知，该女士非常坚定地要为作者的午餐付钱，表现处积极的态度，即表现得好像作者救了她的命似的。故选D。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.lady女士；B.child孩子；C.hero英雄；D.parent父母。根据前文“该女士表现得好像作者救了她命似的，”可知，作者感觉自己好像一名英雄。故选C。【9题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的父母困惑地看着我。A.inspired受鼓舞的；B.confused困惑的；C.worried担心的；D.delighted愉快的。根据后文“Whentheyaskedmetoexplaineverything.”可知，作者的父母看起来很困惑，要求作者来解释这个事情。故选B。【10题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那天对我来说最好的事情不是一顿免费的饭，而是让我重新理解了什么才是真正乐于助人。A.powerful强大的；B.successful成功的；C.helpful有帮助的，有益的；D.wonderful美好的。此处强调，作者帮助一名陌生女士，最后受到了热情的款待，这让作者明白了什么是真正的助人为乐。故选C。第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Lastyear,IstudiedataBritishsecondaryschoolasanexchangestudent.There,Imadefriendswithaboy____11____(name)Paul,ahugefanoftheNBA.Paul’sfavouriteplayerwasTyroneBogues,____12____playedfortheCharlotteHornets.Bogueswasonly1.6metrestall,____13____madehimtheshortestplayereverintheNBA.PaulusedBoguesashisinspiration.Pauloncesaid,“Boguescouldmakeit,whynotme?”【答案】11.named12.who13.which【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章介绍了作者的同学保罗，保罗最喜欢的球员是泰隆·博格斯，并且以他,为榜样，努力练习，争取成功。【11题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在那里，我和一个叫保罗的男孩成为了朋友，他是NBA的超级球迷。分析句子，句中made为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语与动词，此处boy与name之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作后置定语。故填named。【12题详解】考查定语从句。句意：保罗最喜欢的球员是夏洛特黄蜂队的泰隆·博格斯。分析句子，设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指代前文的人，用who。故填who。【13题详解】考查定语从句。句意：博格斯只有1.6米高，这使他成为NBA历史上最矮的球员。分析句子，设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指代前文“格斯只有1.6米高”的事实，用which。故填which。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Yourfriendsinfluencethewayyouviewyourphysicalappearance.Ifyouhavefriendswho____14____(be)good-lookingorhaveagreatfashionsense,itcanfeellikeyouareliving____15____theirshadow.Forchildrenofthedigitalage,socialmediamakesthisproblemevenworse.Yourfriendsmaypostanever-endingseriesofphotosonlinetoshowoff,anditbecomeseasierforyou____16____(compare)yourselfwiththem.【答案】14.are15.in16.tocompare【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出青少年很容易受到周围朋友的影响，对自己的外貌做出消极评价，进而产生消极情绪。【14题详解】考查动词。句意：如果你的朋友长得很好看，或者很有时尚感，你可能会觉得你活在他们的阴影里。分析句子，设空处为who引导的定语从句的谓语动词，此处表示客观事实，故使用一般现在时。同时who指代前文的friends为复数。故填are。【15题详解】考查介词。句意：同上。分析句子，此处表示“在他们的阴影里”，介词用in。故填in。【16题详解】,考查非谓语动词。句意：你的朋友们可能会无休止地在网上晒照片来炫耀，这样你就更容易把自己和他们进行比较。分析句子，句中itbecomes+形容词+todo为固定句式，意为“去做某事……”，该结构中it为形式主语，真正的主语是不定式结构，compare意为“比较”。故填tocompare。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AsofJune,Chinahadabout285millionInternetusersinruralareas,____17____(account)forover30percentofthecountry’stotal.ThenumberofruralInternetusers____18____(grow)byover30millioninthelastfewmonths.Nowadays,theInternetisplayinga____19____(great)rolethaneverinthecountry’spoverty(贫困)reductionefforts.Chinasawover10millionlivestreamingmarketing____20____(activity)inthefirsthalfofthisyear,attractingover50billionviews.【答案】17.accounting18.hasgrown19.greater20.activities【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。中国农村网民站全部网民数量的百分之三十，互联网对于脱贫起了非常大的作用。【17题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：截至6月，中国农村地区约有2.85亿网民，占全国网民总数的30%以上。分析句子成分可知，谓语动词是had，故空处需要填非谓语的形式；逻辑主语285millionInternetuserslivinginruralareas和account是主谓关系，故需要用现在分词做主语。故填accounting。【18题详解】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的几个月里，农村互联网用户的数量增长了3000多万。时间状语inthelastfewmonths是现在完成时的标志词，由此可知，空处需要用现在完成时have/hasdone；Thenumberof表示“……的数量”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。故填hasgrown。【19题详解】考查形容词的比较级。句意：如今，互联网在国家扶贫工作中扮演着比以往更重要的角色。空后有比较级标志词than，故空处需要填提示词great的比较级形式greater形容role。故填greater。【20题详解】考查名词。句意：今年上半年，中国有超过1000万场直播营销活动，吸引了超过500亿次观看。提示词,activity为可数名词，因前有10million“一千万”修饰，故需要用复数形式。故填activities。第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AOneDayUniversitywasfoundedbyStevenSchragisin2006HecameupwiththeideaafterhedroppedhisdaughteroffatcollegeinNewYork.Theschoolhadaboutadozenprofessorsgivingshorttalksaboutavarietyofsubjects.Alltheparentshadthesamereaction:“IwishIweretheonegoingtocollege!”OneDayUniversitycreatesfascinatingdaysoflearningdesignedtoinspireyourmind.Weworkwithovertwohundredprofessorsfromthecountry’stopcolleges.Nomatterwhatyoulove,you’llfindthateveryOneDayUeventisfilledwithexploratorytalksthatwillchallengeyouasifyouwereastudentincollegeonceagain!Andjustlikeyourcollegedays,you’resuretomeetnewfriendswithasharedbeliefoflearning.AtOneDayU,there’snohomeworkandnogrades.Justlearningforthesakeoflearning!SATURDAY,JULY21;9:30am—4:00pmLisnerAuditoriumatGeorgeWashingtonUniversity;Washington.DCLITERATURE9:30am—10:35amTheLostIndianCultureJeremiSuri/UniversityofTexasDistinguishedTeachingAwardSCIENCE10:50am—11:55amHowtheBrainWorksJohnHall/UniversityofWisconsin-MadisonWilliamH.KiekhoferDistinguishedTeachingAwardMUSIC12:10pm—1:15pmTheHistoryofJazzAnnaCelenza/GeorgetownUniversityTeacher-ScholarAwardLunchbreak1:15pm—2:30pmPSYCHOLOGY2:30pm—4:00pmGenius,CreativityandDepressionJessicaPayne/UniversityofNotreDame,BokCenterAwardforTeachingExcellenceLiveEventFullprice:$125VisitOneDayU.comorcall800-300-3438.21.WhatdoweknowaboutOneDayU?A.Itaimstorewardcollegestudents.B.ItwasfoundedbyStevenSchragisandhisdaughter.C.Itisincooperationwithhundredsoftopuniversities’professors.D.Itisintendedtohelpitsparticipantsgetexcellentgradesatcollege.22.WhowillgivetalksaboutTheHistoryofJazz?A.JohnHall.B.JeremiSuri.C.AnnaCelenza.D.JessicaPayne.23.What’sthemainpurposeofthetext?A.ToshowthehistoryofOneDayU.B.ToadvertisetheeventsofOneDayU.C.ToexplainhowtolearnatOneDayU.D.TostressthegreatinfluenceofOneDayU.【答案】21.C22.C23.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是OneDayUniversity这个活动。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Weworkwithovertwohundredprofessorsfromthecountry’stopcollegestocreateevents.(我们与来自全国顶尖大学的200多名教授合作举办活动。)”可知，OneDayU与全国顶尖大学的200多名教授合作。故选C。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据表格中倒数第三栏“MUSIC”部分的“TheHistoryofJazzAnnaCelenza/George-townUniversity(爵士乐的历史：安娜·切伦扎/乔治城大学)”可知，AnnaCelenza做关于爵士乐历史的演讲。故选C。【23题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“AtOneDayU,there’snohomeworkandnogrades.Justlearningforthesakeoflearning!(在OneDayU，没有作业，也没有分数。为学习而学习！)”可知，本文介绍的是OneDayUniversity这个活动，目的是为这个活动打广告。故选B。B,Oneday,LisaHolmantoldherfamilyshewouldbeoutthatnightvisitingherfriend,onlyabouthalfanhour’sdrivefromherhouse.Soitwasnotalarmingasthenightgrewonandshedidnotarrivehome.As11pmpassed,herfamilybegantoworry.Theycalledherbutdidnotgetanyanswer.TheythenreachedouttoLisa’sbestfriend,whosaidLisahadlefttodrivehomeat9thatnight.Thefamilythoughtaboutcallingthepolicethateveningbutthepolicetypicallydon’tdefineapersonmissingunlessthereisnocontactfor24hours.ThenextmorningtherewasstillnosignofLisa.Allthefamilycoulddowassithomeandwait.Lisa’ssondecidedtodrivealongLisa’srouteandcarefullylookforher.HefoundLisa’scarhadcrashedintoatree.What’sworse,therewasnosignofLisaatall.Thefamilycalledthepolice.Thepolicebegantheirsearch.Butduetotheheavyrain,thesearchteamwascalledback.Thefamilywasverydisappointedbutstillhopefulandcontinuedthesearch.700feetfromLisa’scar,theyfinallyfoundLisaunderarock.Afterafewdaysinhospital,Lisarecovered.Sheexplainedthatshepassedoutafterhercarslidofftheroadintherain.Aftershecametoherself,Lisamanagedtoclimboutofthecar.Whilewalkingtofindhelp,Lisawasexhaustedandunabletofigureoutthedirection.Soshecouldn’twalkonandclimbedunderarockasitstartedrainingagain.Scaredasshewas,sheturnedtoherfaithinhopesoflivingtoseehersonagain.24.WhenshouldLisaarrivehomeaftervisitingherfriend?A.About9pm.B.About9:30pm.C.About11pm.D.Thenextmorning.25.Whydidthefamilygiveupcallingthepolicethatnight?A.Lisastayedwithherbestfriend.B.Therockshadblockedalltheroadsup.C.Thepoliceusuallyrefusedtocomeatnight.D.TheyhadbeenoutoftouchwithLisaforlessthanaday.26.WhywasLisaunabletogohomebyherself?A.Shewaslost.B.Shewasinjured.C.Shewaslockedinhercar.D.Shewascaughtbyheavyrain.【答案】24.B25.D26.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章记叙的是Lisa到朋友家拜访，回程路上车在雨中滑出路面后，她晕了过去，最后她的家人和警方经过不懈努力找到了她。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Oneday,LisaHolmantoldherfamilyshewouldbeoutthatnightvisitingherfriend,,onlyabouthalfanhourdrivefromherhouse.(有一天，LisaHolman告诉家人，她当晚要出去拜访朋友，她家离朋友家只有大约半小时的车程。)”可知Lisa家与朋友家车程约半小时；结合第一段最后一句“TheythenreachedouttoLisa’sfriend,whosaidLisahadlefttodrivehomeat9thatnight.(然后他们联系了Lisa的朋友，她说Lisa那天晚上9点开车回家了。)”可知Lisa晚上9点离开朋友家，所以她本应该在九点半到家。故选B项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thefamilythoughtaboutcallingthepolicethateveningbutthepolicetypicallydon'tdefineapersonmissingunlessthereisnocontactfor24hours.(当晚他们想报警，但警方通常不会认定一个人失踪，除非24小时内没有联系。)”由此可知24小时内没有联系，警方不会认定失踪处理，所以他们放弃了报警是因为Lisa失踪还不足一天。故选D项。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Sheexplainedthatshepassedoutafterhercarslidofftheroadintherain.Aftershecametoherself,Lisamanagedtoclimboutofthecar.Whilewalkingtofindhelp,Lisawasexhaustedandunabletofigureoutthedirection.(她解释说，她的车在雨中滑出路面后，她晕了过去。Lisa苏醒过来后，设法从车里爬了出来。走着去找人救命的时候，Lisa已经筋疲力尽，连方向都不知道了。)”可知Lisa无法自己回家是因为她迷路了。故选A项。CNoanimalshaveexperiencedagreaterappearancechangeinthepastfewdecadesthanthenonavian(非鸟类的)dinosaurs.Weusedtothinktheyhadnothingbutboringgrayandbrownscalesbuttheyarenowbelievedtohavehadfeathersinbrightcolorsandpatterns.Sowhatcolorswerethedinosaurs?Andhowdoweknow?OnescientistwehavetothankfortheanswerstobothquestionsisJakobVinther.Eversincethefirstfossilized(成为化石的)dinosaurfeatherswerereportedin1996,scientistshadnoticedroundtinystructureswithinthem—structuresthatmanyhadassumedwerefossilizedbacteria.Butasadoctoralstudentstudyingacompletelydifferentanimal,Vintherrealizedthatthesestructuresmightbesomethingmore.“Iwaslookingatfossilizedinkinasquid-like(像乌贼的)animal.Itwasremarkablywellpreserved,”Vinthersaid.“Youcantakeinkfromasquidyouboughtdownatthefishmarket,putitunderamicroscope,andseeperfectlittleroundballs.Andthenwhenyoutakefossilizedink,itlooksexactlythesame.”Thoseballsaremelanosomes(黑素体)thatcolorhair,skin,feathersandeyesofanimals.Theseroundstructuresturnedouttobethesameonesbeingmistakenforbacteriaindinosaurfeathers.Scientistshadlargelybelievedthatmelanosomescouldn’tsurvivethefossilizationprocess,butdiscoverieshaveshownnotonlythattheysurvivebutthattheycantellustheactualcolorsofextinctanimals.That’sbecausethey,comenotonlyin“perfectlittleroundballs”butalsoinmanydifferentshapes,eachofwhichproducesadifferentcolor.“Ifyoulookatapersonwithblackhairorabirdwithblackfeathers,thosemelanosomesaresausage-shaped,”Vinthersaid.“Ifyouhaveorange-brownhair,they’reshapedlikelittlemeatballs.Sobasically,youjustlookforsausagesandmeatballs,andthenyoucanactuallyputcolorsonextinctanimals.”Onceyouknowtheshapeofthemelanosomesinafossil,youcanlearnallsortsofthingsabouttheanimal.27.Whatisthenewdiscoveryaboutnonaviandinosaurs?A.Theyhadgrayandbrownscales.B.Theyhadcolorfulpatternedfeathers.C.TheyhadinterestingbehaviorpatternsD.Theyhadvariouspatternsontheirscales.28.Theroundtinystructureswithinfossilsonceweremistakenfor________.A.FossilizedbacteriaB.Dinosaurs’scalesC.FossilizedinkD.Melanosomes29.HowdidJakobVinthermakehisdiscovery?A.Byworkingwithfishermen.B.Bystudyingpreviousresearch.C.Bycoloringasquid-likeanimal.D.Bycomparingasquid’sinkandfossilizedink.30.Whyaresausagesandmeatballsmentionedinthelastparagraph?AToexplaintheshapeoffossilizedbacteria.B.Toshowhowmelanosomesforminanimals.C.Toexplainwhatdecidesthecolorsofanimals.D.Toshowhowmelanosomessurvivethefossilizationprocess.【答案】27.B28.A29.D30.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了黑素体的相关内容。科学家们基本认为黑素体没办法在石化过程中存活下来，但是进一步研究表明，它不仅可以存活，而且能告诉我们灭绝物种的真实颜色。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据第一自然段“Weusedtothinktheyhadnothingbutboringgrayandbrownscalesbuttheyarenowbelievedtohavehadfeathersinbrightcolorsandpatterns.”（我们过去认为它们只有单调的灰色和棕色鳞片，但现在人们认为它们的羽毛有明亮的颜色和图案。）可知，最新的发现是非鸟类恐龙有着颜色鲜艳，图案丰富的羽毛。故选B项。,【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二自然段最后一句中“scientistshadnoticedroundtinystructureswithinthem—structuresthatmanyhadassumedwerefossilizedbacteria.”（科学家们已经注意到它们内部的微小结构——许多人认为这些结构是细菌化石。）可知，曾经他们误以为这些结构是细菌化石。故选A项。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第三自然段中“Youcantakeinkfromasquidyouboughtdownatthefishmarket,putitunderamicroscope,andseeperfectlittleroundballs.Andthenwhenyoutakefossilizedink,itlooksexactlythesame.”（你可以从你在鱼市买的乌贼上取墨水，放在显微镜下，看到完美的小圆球。当你用化石墨水时，它看起来完全一样。）可知，Vinther的发现是通过对比乌贼的墨水和化石墨水完成的。故选D项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一自然段“Sobasically,youjustlookforsausagesandmeatballs,andthenyoucanactuallyputcolorsonextinctanimals.”（所以基本上，你只需要找到香肠和肉丸，然后你就可以给灭绝动物涂上颜色。）可知作者认为只要找到“香肠”和“肉丸”，就能知道灭绝动物的真实颜色，而这两个例子正是不同形状的黑素体，也正是不同形状的黑素体决定着不同的颜色，所以作者提到两者的原因是为了解释是什么决定着动物的颜色。故选C项。DLately,I’vebeenthinkingaboutmyschoollifeinthe1990s,wheninclasswewereencouragedtoexpressourselvesthroughcreativewriting,publicspeakingorperhapstakingpartinsomeformofdrama.Andaswesharedourcreativitywewereimprovingourcommunicationskills.Theemphasisherewashowbesttoconveyourthoughtsasclearlyaspossible.Yetitseemedthatallspokenwordexerciseswerebeingtaughtonlyfromthespeaker’spointofview,withlittleornotimespentteachingtheartoflistening.Andthatwasamissedopportunitybecauseyoungchildrenareremarkablelisteners.Theytakeinwords,ideasandspeechpatterns,quiteoftenwithoutourawareness.Yetsomewherealongtheway,weteachthemtostoplistening.Perhapstheywouldbenefitfromlessonsinselectivesilence,concentration,whilefocusingonknowinghowtoprocessallincominginformation.Sadly,tothebestofmyknowledge,nosuchprogramsareoffered.Weseemtospendlesstimeactuallylisteningtooneanother.Onereasonmightbethefactthatwehavebecomeamuchmorevisualsocietyasaresultofexposuretotelevision,theInternetandallmannerofhand-heldwirelessdevices.Wetendtobemoreself-absorbedandprimarilyfocusedonhearingourselvestalkratherthanlisteningtoothers.Iattendedasmallfamilygatheringafewyearsagoandalmosteveryone,exceptmy86-year-oldaunt,wasconstantlytextingorcheckingemailontheiriPhone.Itmademewonderwhywehadbotheredtogettogetherinthe,firstplaceaswewerepayingsolittleattentiontooneanother.Wecouldjustaseasilyhavehadanonlineget-together.Listeningisindeedarareandspecialtalent,andonethattakesalotofpractice.Butonceyouhavegottencomfortablewiththetechnique,youmightfindyournextface-to-facetalkawholelotmoremeaningful.Simplylisteningfornuances(细微差别)inconversationwillprovidesomuchmorecontextandsubstanceforthewordsyouarehearing.Remember,inordertobeinteresting,youmustfirstbeinterested.Andinconversation,youaresupposedtobelistening,notwaitingtotalk.31.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtheclassinthe1990s?A.Objective.B.Tolerant.C.Favorable.D.Prejudiced.32.Whatmightbeareasonthatmakesusbadlistenersaccordingtotheauthor?A.Wehavelesstimetocommunicate.B.Wehaveasenseofself-importance.C.Therapiddevelopmentoftechnology.D.Thelackofcareandunderstandingforothers.33.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’sfamilygatheringafewyearsago?A.Hisauntwasn’tgoodatlistening.B.Hisauntdidn’tlikeattendingfamilygatherings.C.Hisfamilymemberswereengagedinhotdiscussions.D.Hisfamilymembersshowedlittleinterestinoneanother.34.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A.Toleadadiscussion.B.Togiveasuggestion.C.Toprovideawarning.D.Tomakeacomparison.【答案】31.A32.C33.D34.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了技术的发展导致我们花在真正倾听对方的时间似乎变少了这一问题，解释了其后背的原因以及倾听他人的建议。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Lately,I’vebeenthinkingaboutmyschoollifeinthe1990s,wheninclasswewereencouragedtoexpressourselvesthroughcreativewriting,publicspeakingorperhapstakingpartinsomeformofdrama.Andaswesharedourcreativitywewereimprovingourcommunicationskills.Theemphasisherewashowbesttoconveyourthoughtsasclearlyaspossible.Yetitseemedthatallspokenwordexerciseswerebeingtaughtonlyfromthespeaker’spointofview,withlittleornotimespentteachingtheartoflistening.(最近，我一直在回,想我在20世纪90年代的学校生活，当时我们在课堂上被鼓励通过创造性写作、公开演讲或参加某种形式的戏剧来表达自己。当我们分享我们的创造力时，我们提高了我们的沟通技巧。这里的重点是如何尽可能清楚地表达我们的想法。然而，似乎所有的口语练习都只是从说话者的角度进行教学，很少或根本没有花时间教授倾听的艺术。)”可推知，第一段提到了英语课的好处以及缺点，即作者对20世纪90年代英语课的态度是客观的。故选A。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thereisnoquestionthatweareanationofbadlisteners.Onereasonmightbethefactthatwehavebecomeamuchmorevisualsocietyasresultofexposuretotelevision,theInternetandallmannerofhand-heldwirelessdevices.(毫无疑问，我们的国家都是糟糕的听众。其中一个原因可能是，由于电视、互联网和各种手持无线设备的使用，我们的社会变得更加视觉化)”可知，作者认为，是技术的快速发展让我们成为糟糕的倾听者。故选C。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Iattendedasmallfamilygatheringafewyearsagoandalmosteveryoneexceptmy86-year-oldauntwasconstantlytextingorcheckingemailontheiriPhone.Itmademewonderwhywehadbotheredgettogetherinthefirstplaceaswewerepayingsolittleattentiontooneanother.(几年前，我参加了一个小型家庭聚会，除了我86岁的姑姑，几乎所有人都在不停地用iPhone发短信或查看电子邮件。这让我很好奇，我们当初为什么要在一起，因为我们对彼此的关注如此之少)”可知，在几年前的家庭聚会中，作者的家人对彼此都不感兴趣。故选D。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Remember,inordertobeinteresting,youmustfirstbeinterested.Andinconversation,youaresupposedtobelistening,notwaitingtotalk.(记住，要想做个有趣的人，你首先得有兴趣。在谈话中，你应该倾听，而不是等着说话。)”可推知，最后一段的目的针对于如何做一个有趣的人最后一段给出了建议。故最后一段的目的是给建议。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Doyouknowwhataresolutionis?____35____Mostofthetime,wemakepromisestootherpeople—“Mom,IpromiseI’mgoingtotidymyroomwhenIgetbackfromschool”.However,promisesyoumaketoyourselfareresolutions,andthemostcommonkindisNewYear’sresolutions.Thestartoftheyearisoftenatimeformakingresolutions.Whenwemakeresolutionsatthebeginningoftheyear,wehopethatwearegoingtoimproveourlives.____36____Thishelpsthemtoremembertheir,resolutions.Otherstelltheirfamilyandfriendsabouttheirwishesandplans.Therearedifferentkindsofresolutions.Someareaboutphysicalhealth.Forexample,somepeoplepromisethemselvestheyaregoingtostartanexerciseprogramoreatlessfastfood.____37____Theseareaboutmakingyourselfabetterperson.Somepeoplemightsaytheyaregoingtotakeupahobbylikepaintingortakingphotos,orlearntoplaytheguitar.Someresolutionshavetodowithbetterplanning,likemakingaweeklyplanforschoolwork.____38____Althoughtherearedifferences,mostresolutionshaveonethingincommon.Peoplehardlyeverkeepthem!Therearegoodreasonsforthis.Sometimestheresolutionsmaybetoodifficulttokeep.Sometimespeoplejustforgetaboutthem.Forthisreason,somepeoplesaythebestresolutionistohavenoresolutions!____39____A.It’sakindofpromise.B.Howaboutyou—willyoumakeanynextyear?C.Manyresolutionshavetodowithself-improvement.D.Forexample,astudentmayhavetofindmoretimetostudy.E.Doyouknowhowtosticktoyourresolutionaslongaspossible?F.ANewYear’sresolutionisthegoalthatissetatthestartofanewyear.G.Somepeoplewritedowntheirresolutionsandplansforthecomingyear.【答案】35.A36.G37.C38.D39.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了新年的开始则是做出自己不同的信念决心，每个人都有不同的新年决心。【35题详解】根据空前的“Doyouknowwhataresolutionis?(你知道什么是决心吗？)”可知，后文是对“决心”进行回答。A选项“It’sakindofpromise.(它是一种承诺。)”与前文呼应。故选A。【36题详解】根据后文“Thishelpsthemtoremembertheirresolutions.(这有助于他们记住自己的决心。)”可知此处表示某种方式有助于记住自己的新年决心。G选项“Somepeoplewritedowntheirresolutionsandplansforthecomingyear.(有些人写下他们来年的决心和计划。)”可知，很多人把新年决心和计划写下来是可以有助于让他们记住自己的决心的。故选G。【37题详解】根据后文“Theseareaboutmakingyourselfabetterperson.(这些都是为了让你成为一个更好的人。)”可知，每个人会做出不同的新年决心，此处强调的新年决心是不断提升自己成为一个更好的人。C选项“Many,resolutionshavetodowithself-improvement.(许多决心都与自我提升有关。)”中的self-improvement与下文的abetterperson呼应。故选C。【38题详解】根据前文的“Someresolutionshavetodowithbetterplanning,likemakingaweeklyplanforschoolwork. (有些决心与更好的计划有关，比如为每周的学业制定计划。)”可知，后文应该强调新年决心与学习计划有关系。D选项“Forexample,astudentmayhavetofindmoretimetostudy.(例如，一个学生可能不得不找到更多的时间来学习。)”与前文呼应。故选D。【39题详解】根据前文“Forthisreason,somepeoplesaythebestresolutionistohavenoresolutions! (因此，有人说最好的决心就是没有决心！)”可知，有人说最好的决心就是没有决心，下文应该询问读者的意见。B选项“Howaboutyou—willyoumakeanynextyear?(那你呢——你明年会做吗？)”与前文承接，符合语境。故选B。第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节：阅读表达(共4小题;第1、2题各2分，第3题3分，第4题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。WhenIwasinGrade4,Igotmyfirstdiaryasapresentfrommymother.Itmademefeelveryimportantbecauseitwasapreciousgifttomeintheyearwhenaprinteddiarywasrare.Duringthefirstweekofmylifeasadiaryowner,Ikeptlookingatit.Myheartfillingwithpride.Inthesecondweek,Isuddenlyfeltnervous.Ihadnotwrittenasinglewordinthediary.Andnoweachpageseemedtobelookingatmeinsorrowforthewayitwasbeinggored(弄褶皱),soIdecidedtokeepanaccountofhowIspentthedayatschool.Ikeptmypromisetothediarythateverydayaftercomingbackfromschool,Iwouldtakeoutthediary,openthepagedatedforthatdayandwriteaboutwhathappened.Butastrangethinghappened—eachpagelookeddull,insteadoflookingasifitcamestraightoutofafamouswriter’sbook.Irecentlyreada4000-year-oldaccountofayoungboy’sdayinschool.Itsurroundedalmostthesamethingasmine!Iwasshocked.ThisboywasfromSummer(苏美尔).TheSumerians,astheywerecalled,inventedalotofthings.Theyconstructedthefirstcities.Theystucktoanideathatchildrenmustgotoaplacelikeschoolforeducation.Whatwastheaccountoftheboy’sdayinschoollike?Wellalmostlikeminebut4,000yearsago!IreaditinabookcalledTheMammothBookofHowitHappened,byJonE.Lewis.Inafascinatingmanner,hehasputtheimportantandusualthingstogetherintoonecollection,eye-witnessaccountsofmomentsinhistory,alsoeventfulandordinary.Thebooktoldmethatforschoolchildrenanywhereintheworldandprobablyatanytimeinhistory,schoolhasalwaysmeantthesame.Perhapswritingdiariestoo.,40.Whatdidtheauthordowithhisfirstdiaryduringthefirstweek?________________41.WhoisJonE.Lewis?________________42.Pleaseunderlinethefalsepartinthefollowingstatementandexplainwhy.▷Theauthorfeltdullwhenhereada4000-year-oldaccountofayoungboy’sday,becausethediarysurroundedalmostthesamethingashis.________________43.Whatdoyouthinkaboutwritingdairies?(Inabout40words)________________【答案】40.Theauthorlookedatthediaryproudly,butdidnotwriteanything.41.HeistheauthorofTheMammothBookofHowItHappened.42.Theauthorfeltdullwhenhereada4000-year-oldaccountofayoungboy’sday,becausethediarysurroundedalmostthesamethingashis.Becausetheauthorwasshocked.43.Ithinkthatwritingdairiesisagoodhabit.Becauseitcanremindmeofthoseoldmemories.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者四年级得到了一本日记本，每天都会记日记，但是渐渐觉得枯燥乏味。直到作者读到了一本4000年前的书，讲述了一个小男孩在学校的一天。这本书告诉作者，对于世界上任何地方的学生，可能在历史上任何时候，学校的意义都是相同的，写日记也是如此。【40题详解】考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Duringthefirstweekofmylifeasadiaryowner,Ikeptlookingatit.Myheartfillingwithpride.Inthesecondweek,Isuddenlyfeltnervous.Ihadnotwrittenasinglewordinthediary.(在我作为日记本主人的第一个星期里，我一直看着它。我的内心充满了自豪。第二周，我突然感到紧张。我在日记里一个字也没写)”可知，在第一个星期里，作者一直自豪地看着日记本，但是没有写任何东西。故答案为Theauthorlookedatthediaryproudly,butdidnotwriteanything.【41题详解】考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中“IreaditinabookcalledTheMammothBookofHowitHappened,byJonE.Lewis.(我在一本叫TheMammothBookofHowitHappened的书中读到这个故事，作者是JonE.Lewis)”可知，JonE.Lewis是TheMammothBookofHowitHappened一书的作者。故答案为HeistheauthorofTheMammothBookofHowItHappened.【42题详解】,考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Irecentlyreada4000-year-oldaccountofayoungboy’sdayinschool.Itsurroundedalmostthesamethingasmine!Iwasshocked.(我最近读了一本4000年前的书，讲述一个小男孩在学校的一天。它周围的东西几乎和我的一样！我很震惊)”可知，当作者读到一本4000年前的小男孩一天的日记时感到震惊，而不是感到无聊，因为日记里的事情几乎和他的一样。故答案为Theauthorfeltdullwhenhereada4000-year-oldaccountofayoungboy’sday,becausethediarysurroundedalmostthesamethingashis.Becausetheauthorwasshocked.【43题详解】考查开放性题目。言之有理，积极向上，注意词数限制。题干：你觉得写日记怎么样？可回答：我认为写日记是一个好习惯。它能让我想起那些过去的记忆。故答案为Ithinkthatwritingdairiesisagoodhabit.Becauseitcanremindmeofthoseoldmemories.第二节(20分)44.假定你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim来信，告知他最近顺利通过了汉语水平考试(HSK)四级。请回信，内容包括：1.表示祝贺；2.赞赏其付出。注意：1.词数100字左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearJim,HearingthatyouhavesuccessfullypassedHSKTestofBand4recently,Iamwritingtoexpressmysincerecongratulationstoyou.Here’swhatIwanttosay.First,Iknowasaforeigner,itisverydifficulttolearnChinese.Whenyoupassthisexam,Ibelieveyoumusthavepaidalot.Second,inthisprocess,notonlywillyougaintheChineselanguage,butalsoyouhavemoreopportunitiestoexperienceChinesetraditionalknowledgeandculture.Thirdly,thisexamisalsoachancetoexerciseyourself,whichwillmakeyoumoretoughandconfident.,CongratulationsagainandIhopeyoucanvisitChina.Iamlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Jim写信祝贺他最近顺利通过了汉语水平四级考试。向他表示祝贺。【详解】1.词汇积累诚挚的：sincere→genuine首先：first→firstofall首先：besides→what’smore比赛：competition→match希望：hope→expect2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：HearingthatyouhavesuccessfullypassedHSKTestofBand4recently,Iamwritingtoexpressmysincerecongratulationstoyou.拓展句：BecauseIhearthatyouhavesuccessfullypassedHSKTestofBand4recently,Iamwritingtoexpressmysincerecongratulationstoyou.【点睛】【高分句型1】Second,inthisprocess,notonlywillyougaintheChineselanguage,butalsoyouhavemoreopportunitiestoexperienceChinesetraditionalknowledgeandculture.(运用了倒装结构)【高分句型2】Thirdly,thisexamisalsoachancetoexerciseyourself,whichwillmakeyoumoretoughandconfident.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句),