北京市房山区2022-2023学年高二英语上学期期末试卷（Word版附解析）

房山区2022-2023学年度第一学期诊断性评价高二英语第一部分：知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Atabout11p.m.,Janetgotoffthetrain,wentintohercarandstarteddrivinghome.Shewassofamiliarwiththeroutethatshealmost___1___automatically:turnedlefttotheStationRoad,thenanotherleftontoMontaukHighway,andthen—bang!WhenJanet’scarhadjustcrossedtherailroadtracks,ithitanothervehicleandwas___2___backontothetracks.Injuredbutmostlyshockedbythecrashandbytheairbagsthatpoppedup,shewas___3___inthevehicle.Asithappened,Andrewwasjustabouttogotosleepwhenheheardasharpnoiseandsawtheaccidentnotfaroutsidehisbedroomwindow.Asaretired___4___,Andrew,whowas69,fetchedaflashlightandrushedoutwithout___5___.Arrivingatthespot,Andrewlookedaroundand___6___Janet’scarstraddlingtherailwaytracks.Andthenheheardthebellring,whichsignaledatrain’sarrival.Thetrainwasrunningtowardthemataspeedofsome105kilometersperhour.Thedriver’s___7___cannotbeopenedduetothecollision,soAndrewquicklyrantotheothersideandmanagedtoopenthedoor.Heputtheairbags___8___,seizedherarms,pulledhertowardhimacrossthepassengerseatuntilfinallygotheroutandwalkedherto___9___assoonaspossible.Severalsecondslater,thetraincrashedintothevehicle.“Lastnight,”saidGregory,ChiefoftheDepartmentinSouthCountryAmbulance,“the_____10_____arrivedinpajamas(睡衣裤),notinafiretruck.”1.A.droveB.walkedC.rodeD.hiked2.A.broughtB.wentC.pushedD.moved3.A.engagedB.stuckC.absorbedD.spotted4.A.doctorB.driverC.firefighterD.engineer5.A.patienceB.doubtC.exceptionD.hesitation6.A.predictedB.realizedC.observedD.discovered7.A.windowB.doorC.beltD.handle8.A.asideB.downC.onD.up9.A.safetyB.securityC.stationD.shelter 10.A.reporterB.policeC.heroD.soldier【答案】1.A2.C3.B4.C5.D6.D7.B8.A9.A10.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了珍妮特的车在穿越火车铁轨时与另一辆车相撞，造成她的车被甩回了铁轨上并且她也被卡在车里，危急时刻69岁的退休消防员安德鲁勇敢地解救她的故事。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她对这条路线非常熟悉以至于她可以自动驾驶：向左到达车站路然后左转上蒙托克公路，然后——“砰”的一声。A.drove驾驶；B.walked走路；C.rode骑；D.hiked远足。根据前文“Atabout11p.m.,Janetgotoffthetrain,wentintohercarandstarteddrivinghome.”可知，珍妮特下了火车准备开车回家，由于她对道路很熟悉几乎可以达到自动驾驶的程度，此处drove为原词复现。故选A项。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当珍妮特的车刚穿过铁轨时，它撞上了另一辆车并且又被推回到铁轨上。A.brought带来；B.went去；C.pushed推；D.moved移动。根据后文“Arrivingatthespot,Andrewlookedaroundand___6___Janet’scarstraddlingtherailwaytracks.”可知，安德鲁在到达事发地点时看见珍妮特的汽车横跨在铁轨上，推断出事故发生时珍妮特的车又被推到了铁轨上,pushback意为“推回”，符合题意。故选C项。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她受伤了但是被撞车和弹起的安全气囊冲击后，她被卡在了车里。A.engaged从事；B.stuck卡住；C.absorbed吸收；D.spotted看见。根据前文“Injuredbutmostlyshockedbythecrashandbytheairbagsthatpoppedup”可知，珍妮特受伤了而且被撞车和打开的安全气囊冲击，推断出她被卡在车里出不去。故选B项。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个退休的消防员，69岁的安德鲁找出了手电筒然后毫不犹豫地冲了出去。A.doctor医生；B.driver司机；C.firefighter消防员；D.engineer工程师。根据后文“the____10____arrivedinpajamas(睡衣裤),notinafiretruck.”可知，安德鲁是穿着睡衣救人的而不是坐着消防车，推断出他在退休之前是一名消防员。故选C项.【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个退休消防员，69岁的安德鲁找出了手电筒然后毫不犹豫地冲了出去。A.patience耐心；B.doubt怀疑；C.exception例外；D.hesitation犹豫。根据前文“rushedout”和后文“arrivedinpajamas”可知，安德鲁在看见事故后是穿着睡衣冲出去的，推断出他是毫不犹豫去现场救人的。故选D项。 【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：到达了事发现场地点，安德鲁环顾四周发现珍妮特的车正横跨在铁轨上。A.predicted预测；B.realized意识到；C.observed遵守；D.discovered发现。根据前文“lookedaround”可知，安德鲁环顾四周，车子横跨在铁轨上应该是他发现的事实。故选D项。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：司机的门由于碰撞不能打开，所以安德鲁快速的跑到了另一边设法打开了门。A.window窗户；B.door门；C.belt腰带；D.handle把手。根据后文“soAndrewquicklyrantotheothersideandmanagedtoopenthedoor”可知，安德鲁快速跑向另一边并设法打开门，推断出驾驶室的门打不开了。故选B项。【8题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他把安全气囊放到了一边，抓住她的胳膊，把她拉到副驾驶座位上，直到最后把她拉到了尽可能安全的地方。A.aside在旁边；B.down向下；C.on在上面；D.up向上。根据前文“theairbagsthatpoppedup”可知，安全气囊打开了，根据常识可知安德鲁要救出珍妮特需要先把安全气囊放到一边，putaside意为“放到一边”，符合题意。故选A项。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他把安全气囊放到了一边，抓住她的胳膊，把她拉到副驾驶座位上，直到最后把她拉到了尽可能安全的地方。A.safety安全场所；B.security保护措施；C.station车站；D.shelter住所。根据前文“Thetrainwasrunningtowardthemataspeedofsome105kilometersperhour.”可知，火车马上就要开过来了，推断出安德鲁把珍妮特从车里救出来后为了躲避火车的撞击把她送到了安全的地方。故选A项。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：英雄是穿着睡衣来的，而不是坐着消防车。A.Reporter记者；B.police警察；C.hero英雄；D.soldier士兵。根据前文“Heputtheairbags___8___,seizedherarms,pulledhertowardhimacrossthepassengerseatuntilfinallygotheroutandwalkedherto___9___assoonaspossible.”可知，安德鲁救出了车祸中的珍妮特，所以推断出他是一名英雄。故选C项。第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。StephenCurrywasthoughtbymanypeopletobeunsuitableforacareerinprofessionalbasketball.However,____11____(select)fortheNBAin2009,hejoinedtheGoldenStateWarriorsand performed____12____everyone’sexpectationswithhisaccurateshootingandcontinuousefforts.In2015,Stephen____13____(win)hisfirstNBAchampionship,andheledtheWarriorstotheirfirstchampionshipsince1975.【答案】11.selected12.beyond13.won【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。本文介绍了斯蒂芬·库里被许多人认为不适合从事职业篮球生涯。然而，他用精准的投篮和不断的努力超出了所有人的预期。【11题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，2009年入选NBA，他加盟了金州勇士队，凭借精准的投篮和不断的努力，他的表现超出了所有人的预期。非谓语动词select的逻辑主语是Stephen，两者之间是动宾关系，所以要用过去分词表被动，作状语。故填selected。【12题详解】考查介词。句意：然而，2009年入选NBA，他加盟了金州勇士队，凭借精准的投篮和不断的努力，他的表现超出了所有人的预期。however表示转折，别人认为他不适合打职业篮球，他超出所有人预期，介词超出是beyond，故填beyond。【13题详解】考查动词时态。句意：2015年，斯蒂芬赢得了他的第一个NBA总冠军，他带领勇士队获得了自1975年以来的第一个总冠军。主语Stephen后缺少谓语，根据时间状语in2015，可知，谓语动词用一般过去时。故填won。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。PeopleinParislovetheviewofthecity’sold____14____(building),especiallyNotreDameCathedralinParis(巴黎圣母院).____15____thetopofthe850-year-oldchurchandtwo-thirdsoftheroofweredestroyedbyafireonApril16.Parisiansweresoshockedandgatheredaroundthegiantchurch,____16____(pray)forthehundredsoffirefighterswhofoughttheflames.【答案】14.buildings15.But16.praying【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了巴黎圣母院发生火灾的故事。 【14题详解】考查名词复数。句意：巴黎人喜欢这座城市的老建筑，尤其是巴黎圣母院。此处是名词所有格，即“名词+of+名词”，表示“……的……”，所以此处应用名词，且不止一个建筑，用可数名词building的复数形式表泛指。故填buildings。【15题详解】考查连词。句意：但这座有850年历史的教堂顶部和三分之二的屋顶在4月16日被大火摧毁。与上文形成转折关系，用并列连词but，首字母大写。故填But。16题详解】考查现在分词。句意：巴黎人非常震惊，聚集在这座巨大的教堂周围，为数百名救火队员祈祷。空前已有谓语，该空与空前谓语无连词连接，动词pray用非谓语形式，逻辑主语Parisians与动词pray是主谓关系，pray用现在分词（doing）表主动，作状语。故填praying。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。ThefirstlandmarktocatchmyeyeisthesplendidQingshuiheBridge,the____17____(long)bridgebuiltoverpermafrostintheworld.AgroupofTibetanantelopesismovingunderthebridge,someof____18____stoptoeatgrassattheirleisure.Thirty-threepassageshavebeenbuiltundertherailway____19____(allow)theanimalstomovesafelyandfreelyintheirnaturalhabitat.WildanimalssuchastheseTibetanantelopeshavenowbeenusingthesepassagesforyears.Theyseemtotallyunaware____20____wearespeedingpastatover100kilometresanhour.【答案】17.longest18.which19.toallow20.that【解析】【导语】本文属于记叙文。描述了在清水河大桥飞驰而过时看到的情景。【17题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：首先映入我眼帘的是壮观的清水河大桥，这是世界上最长的建在永久冻土上的桥。根据冠词“the”及名词“bridge”可知，此处需要形容词最高级作定语修饰名词。故填longest。【18题详解】考查定语从句。句意：一群藏羚羊正在桥下活动，一些停下来悠闲地吃草。分析题干可知，此处是介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，先行词是“Tibetanantelopes”，指物，关系代词用which，作介词“of”的宾 语。故填which。【19题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：铁路下面已经修了33条通道，让动物们在自然栖息地安全自由地活动。句中已有谓语动词“havebeenbuilt”，所以此处需要非谓语动词形式，分析句意可知，此处是作目的状语，故用动词不定式。故填toallow。【20题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：它们似乎完全没有意识到我们正在以每小时100多公里的速度飞驰而过。根据“Theyseemtotallyunaware”可知空处引导宾语从句，从句句意完整，不缺成分，故用无任何意义，只起连接作用的that引导。故填that。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWouldyouliketomakecontributionstoyourcommunity?MembersofLoveZonearecreativeandresponsible,makingthemperfectlyreadytohelphandlevariousproblemsthroughvolunteering.Ifyouwanttomakeadifferenceinyourcommunity,orbeapartofsomethingbiggerthanyourself,thenthisistheplacetostart.HereareafeworganizationsofLoveZonewithvolunteeropportunitiesforteens!HabitatforHumanityEveryonedeservestohaveaplacetheycallhome.ByvolunteeringwithHabitatforHumanity,youcanplayaroleinbuildingupyourcommunity.TheirHabitatYouthProgramsacceptvolunteersbetweentheagesof5and40.MealsonWheelsForthoseteenswhojustgottheirlicenses,here’savolunteeropportunitythatwillmakedrivingworthwhile.200millionmealshavebeendeliveredsofar.Youcanconnectwithyourlocalprovidertogetinvolved.MealsonWheelsisonamissiontomeetthenutritionalandsocialneedsoftheelderly.KeyClubAstheoldestserviceprogramforhighschoolstudents,theKeyClubhasquiteahistoryofhelpingteensgetinvolvedinvolunteering.Becauseclubsarestudent-led,yougetadirectsayinthekindsofserviceprojectsyouwanttodo.Chancesare,there’salreadyachapterinyourschool,butifnot,youcantrytakingtheleadinone.BestBuddiesVolunteerwithBestBuddiestohelppeoplewithintellectualanddevelopmentaldisabilitiesandyoucanmake themconnectedwithotherpeople.Joinaschoolchapter(orstartyourown)tousefriendshipasatooltoimprovethesenseofbelonginginyourcommunity.Anddon’tworry.Evenifyoucan’tvolunteerphysically,therearealsotonsofonlinevolunteeropportunitiesavailable!Ifyouwanttofindoutmoreaboutjoiningaworthwhilevolunteerorganization,pleaseclickatwww.LoveZone.org.21.WhatisrequiredforjoiningMealsonWheels?A.Adriver’slicense.B.Anurse’slicense.C.Ateachercertificate.D.Anarchitectcertificate.22.Tohelppeoplewithdevelopmentaldisabilities,youcanjoin.A.HabitatforHumanityB.MealsonWheelsC.KeyClubD.BestBuddies23.Theauthorwritesthispassageto.A.getmorepeopletocontributetosocietyB.teachteenstobecreativeandresponsibleC.raisepublicawarenessofcommunityaffairsD.instructteensinwaystoearnvolunteerhours【答案】21.A22.D23.A【解析】【导语】本文为应用文。作者通过介绍LoveZone组织和它提供的几个志愿者活动项目，号召更多的年轻人去做志愿者。【21题详解】细节理解题。由MealsonWheels中的“Forthoseteenswhojustgottheirlicenses,here’savolunteeropportunitythatwillmakedrivingworthwhile.200millionmealshavebeendeliveredsofar.(对于那些刚刚拿到驾照的青少年来说，这里有一个志愿者的机会，这将使驾驶变得值得。到目前为止，已经提供了2亿份餐食)”和“MealsonWheelsisonamissiontomeetthenutritionalandsocialneedsoftheelderly.(MealsonWheels旨在满足老年人的营养和社会需求)”可知，有驾照的青少年可以加入志愿者MealsonWheels给老人送饭。故选A项。【22题详解】细节理解题。由BestBuddies中的“VolunteerwithBestBuddiestohelppeoplewithintellectualanddevelopmentaldisabilitiesandyoucanmakethemconnectedwithotherpeople.(与BestBuddies一起做志愿者，帮助有智力和发育障碍的人，你可以让他们与其他人取得联系)”可知，为了帮助有发育障碍的人，你可以 加入BestBuddies。故选D项。【23题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，作者介绍了LoveZone组织和它的志愿者活动，最后一段中的“Evenifyoucan’tvolunteerphysically,therearealsotonsofonlinevolunteeropportunitiesavailable!Ifyouwanttofindoutmoreaboutjoiningaworthwhilevolunteerorganization,pleaseclickatwww.LoveZone.org.(即使你不能亲自做志愿者，也有很多在线志愿者的机会！如果你想了解更多关于加入一个有价值的志愿者组织的信息，请点击www.LoveZone.org)”可知，作者写这篇文章是为了号召更多的人去做志愿者。故选A项。BBornin1928,EugenioMonti,wasthebestyoungItalianskierofhisgeneration.HebecameknownastheFlyingRedheadandwonseveralnationaltitles,butin1951anaccidentcalledanendtohisskiingcareer.Itwasthenthatheswitchedtobobsleigh.In1954hewonhisfirstItalianchampionshipandstartedtodominatethesportinItalyandbeaforceinternationallyformorethanadecade.However,MontiismorewidelyrememberedasthefirstathletetobeawardedthePierredeCoubertinMedalforsportsmanshipdisplayedduringthe1964WinterOlympicGames.Atthe1964GamesinInnsbruck,Austria,MontiandhispartnerSergioSiorpaeswerethedefendingworldchampions,whichmadethemfavouritesinthetwo-manevent.MontiwasdesperatetoaddOlympicgoldstohismedalcollectionbecausehewas36yearsoldthenandhadalreadysufferedseriousproblemswithhisknees,arguablyrunningoutoftimetoachievehisOlympicdreams.ButtheywereinheatedcompetitionwiththeBritishteamofAnthonyNashandRobinDixon.Aftertworunsonthefirstday,theBritishledthefield.Ondaytwo,however,afaultyaxle(车轴)onthesledwouldhavebeensuretoleadtotheirwithdrawal,ifitweren’tforMontiofferingtolendthemthebolt(螺栓)fromhissled.TheBritishpairwentontorecordthefastesttimeonthatfinalrunandwongoldbyjust0.12seconds,whileMontiandSiorpaesclaimedthebronze.Fourdayslaterinthefour-manevent,Monti’sselflessnesstowardshisfellowcompetitorsshonethroughforasecondtimewhentherearaxleontheCanadianteam’ssledwasdamaged.MontisenttheItalianteam’smechanicstorepairit,withtheconsequencethattheCanadianteamwongold,withMontihavingtosettleforanotherbronze.MontiwasrecognisedwiththePierredeCoubertinMedalforsportsmanshipafterthe1964WinterGames. Andfouryearslater,attheageof40,atthe1968GamesinGrenoble,MontifinallyfulfilledhisdreamofbeinganOlympicchampion.24.WhatcanbelearnedaboutEugenioMontifromthepassage?A.Hecompletelyfailedinachievingmedalsatthe1964WinterGames.B.Hehadachievednationalandinternationalgoldsinskiingbefore1951.C.HehelpedAnthonyNashandRobinDixontwiceinInnsbruck,Austria.D.HewasawardedthefirstPierredeCoubertinMedalforsportsmanship.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“favourties”inParagraph2mean?A.Sportsmenwhohaveastrongfanbase.B.Competitorswhoareexpectedtowin.C.Athleteswhoreceivebettertreatments.D.Playerswhoarelikedbetterbypeople.26.WhatcanbestdescribeEugenioMontiaccordingtothepassage?A.Generousandselfless.B.Curiousandadaptable.C.Responsibleandcourageous.D.Perseveringandhardworking.27.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.EugenioMonti—theFlyingRedheadB.EugenioMonti—AnOlympicLegendC.EugenioMonti—ARealBobsleighChampionD.EugenioMonti—AnAthletewithSportsmanship【答案】24.D25.B26.A27.C【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了出生于1928年的意大利最优秀的年轻滑雪者尤金尼奥·蒙蒂以及在1964年冬季奥运会上因表现出的体育精神而被授予皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦奖章的事迹。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“However,MontiismorewidelyrememberedasthefirstathletetobeawardedthePierredeCoubertinMedalforsportsmanshipdisplayedduringthe1964WinterOlympicGames.(然而，人们更广泛地记得，蒙蒂是第一位在1964年冬季奥运会上因表现出的体育精神而被授予皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦奖章的运动员。)”可知，他被授予第一个顾拜旦体育精神奖章。故选D。 【25题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段“Atthe1964GamesinInnsbruck,Austria,MontiandhispartnerSergioSiorpaeswerethedefendingworldchampions,whichmadethemfavouritesinthetwo-manevent.(在1964年奥地利因斯布鲁克奥运会上，蒙蒂和他的搭档塞尔吉奥·西奥帕斯是卫冕世界冠军，这使他们成为两人项目的favourites)”可知，因为他们是卫冕世界冠军，所以成为两人项目最有希望获胜的，由此可知，划线单词“favourites”与B项“预计将获胜的竞争对手”意思一样。故选B。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Ondaytwo,however,afaultyaxle(车轴)onthesledwouldhavebeensuretoleadtotheirwithdrawal,ifitweren’tforMontiofferingtolendthemthebolt(螺栓)fromhissled.(然而，第二天，如果不是蒙蒂愿意把雪橇上的螺栓借给他们，雪橇上的轴有故障肯定会导致他们撤退。)”说明蒙蒂很慷慨；以及第四段“Fourdayslaterinthefour-manevent,Monti’sselflessnesstowardshisfellowcompetitorsshonethroughforasecondtimewhentherearaxleontheCanadianteam’ssledwasdamaged.(四天后，在四人滑雪比赛中，当加拿大队雪橇的后轴受损时，蒙蒂对其他对手的无私再次显现出来。蒙蒂派意大利队的机械师去修理，结果加拿大队赢得了金牌，蒙蒂只得再拿一枚铜牌。)”可知，蒙蒂非常的无私。故选A。【27题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“However,MontiismorewidelyrememberedasthefirstathletetobeawardedthePierredeCoubertinMedalforsportsmanshipdisplayedduringthe1964WinterOlympicGames.(然而，人们更广泛地记得，蒙蒂是第一位在1964年冬季奥运会上因表现出的体育精神而被授予皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦奖章的运动员。)”以及最后一段“MontiwasrecognisedwiththePierredeCoubertinMedalforsportsmanshipafterthe1964WinterGames.Andfouryearslater,attheageof40,atthe1968GamesinGrenoble,MontifinallyfulfilledhisdreamofbeinganOlympicchampion.(1964年冬季奥运会后，蒙蒂被授予顾拜旦体育精神奖章。四年后，在1968年格勒诺布尔奥运会上，40岁的蒙蒂终于实现了他成为奥运冠军的梦想。)”可知，尤金尼奥·蒙蒂虽然因为2次帮助雪橇出故障的对手而错失奥运金牌，但是展现了体育精神，是真正的雪橇冠军。故“EugenioMonti-真正的雪橇冠军”适合做标题。故选C。CAsIreadaboutSarahLoh’sjourneytobecomingthefirstfemalechiefexecutiveoftheAustralianFootballLeague(AFL)lastweek,Iwasencouragedbytheresilience(坚韧)sheshowedtobecomealeaderinhersport,butalsodisappointedattheunfairtreatmentshefacedtogetthere.Lohhadtodealwithmanyofthesamequestionswomeninsportsoftenface,suchas:“Howcanawomancoachorleadwhenshehasneverplayedsports?”ButasanAsianwoman,Lohalsofacedquestionswithanaddedlayerofracism:“Whatwouldamulticulturalwomanknowaboutfootball?” ArecentVictoriaUniversitysurveyof221diversewomenmadeupofcurrentandformercoaches,managersandboardmembersfoundthathalfoftherespondentswereunhappywiththeirleadershiprolesandthatmanyaspiringleadersbelievedtheirgenderandbackgroundwerebarriers.Womenfromdifferentbackgrounds,races,religions,classesandsexualorientationscansometimesexperiencemultiplelayersofinjusticedependingonthecontext.Inordertoaddresstheseinequalities,therearepracticalstepssportingorganizationscantaketocreatewelcomingandinclusiveenvironmentsforwomeninsportsateverylevel.Inrecentyears,nationalsportingorganizationsacrossAustraliahaveshownanincreasingcommitmenttoandengagementinthepromotionofgenderequalityandrespecttopreventviolenceagainstallwomen.Recognizingtheirownprofileandinfluence,theyhavetakenactivestepstoaddressthedriversofviolenceandinequality,includingthrougheducationandawareness-raisingprogramssuchasCarltonRespects.Sportshaveaninfluencewaybeyondthefield,courtorgreenonwhichthey’replayed,andtheyprovideanopportunitytosetandmaintainpositivecommunitystandards.Whileresilienceisagreatstrengthtopossessasaleader,womenofcolor,AboriginalandTorresStraitIslanderwomenorthosefromrefugeeandmigrantbackgroundsshouldn’tberequiredtowearsuchathicksetofarmor(防御)tosimplyworkinsports.Surelyrespect,equalityandsafetyforallisnottoomuchtoaskfor.28.WhatcanwelearnaboutSarahLohfromthetext?AShefacedunfairtreatmentasaplayerintheAFL.B.SheisthefirstChinesechiefexecutiveintheAFL.C.HersportsachievementsmadeheraleaderintheAFL.D.Herroadtosuccesswashardduetohergenderandrace.29.Whichmeasurehasbeentakentosolvetheproblemofgenderinequality?A.Strengtheningfemalesresiliencebytraining.B.Establishingmorefemalesportingorganizations.C.Raisingpublicawarenessofviolenceagainstwomen.D.Offeringmoreopportunitiesforwomentotakesports.30.Theauthorwritesthispassageto.A.recognizethevalueoffemaleleadersB.callforequalityandrespectforfemalesC.encouragemorefemalestotakesportsD.presentthedifficultiesfemaleleadersface 【答案】28.A29.C30.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以澳大利亚足球联盟第一位女性首席执行官SarahLoh遭遇的不公平对待为例，就该如何消除对女性的性别歧视，尊重她们，提了一些已经实施的和可以实施的措施。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“AsIreadaboutSarahLoh’sjourneytobecomingthefirstfemalechiefexecutiveoftheAustralianFootballLeague(AFL)lastweek,Iwasencouragedbytheresilience(坚韧)sheshowedtobecomealeaderinhersport,butalsodisappointedattheunfairtreatmentshefacedtogetthere.(上周，当我读到SarahLoh成为澳大利亚足球联盟第一位女性首席执行官的历程时，我因她成为这项运动的领导者表现出的坚韧而感到备受鼓舞，但同时也对她在这里所面临的不公平待遇感到失望)”可知，SarahLoh遭受了不公平的对待。故选A项。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“Recognizingtheirownprofileandinfluence,theyhavetakenactivestepstoaddressthedriversofviolenceandinequality,includingthrougheducationandawareness-raisingprogramssuchasCarltonRespects.(认识到自己的形象和影响力，这些组织已采取积极措施，解决暴力和不平等的驱动因素，包括通过教育和提高认识项目，如CarltonRespects)”可知，为了解决性别不平等的问题和暴力问题，这些机构通过一些教育和提高认识项目提升公众对妇女暴力这一问题的意识。故选C项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Surelyrespect,equalityandsafetyforallisnottoomuchtoaskfor.(当然，对所有人的尊重，平等和安全要求并不过分)”可推知，本文以女性领袖SarahLoh遭受的不公平的对待为例，旨在呼吁关注包含女性在内的所有人的尊重，平等和安全。故选B项。DCoralsarecomebackcreatures.Astheworldfrozeandmeltedandsealevelsroseandfellover30,000years,Australia’sGreatBarrierReef,whichisroughlythesizeofItaly,diedandrevivedfivetimes.Butnow,duetohumanactivities,coralsfacethemostcomplexconditiontheyhaveyethadtodealwith.AccordingtotheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimatechange,ariseinglobaltemperaturesof1.5℃couldcausecoralreefstodecline70-90%.Theplanetisabout1℃hotterthaninthe19thcenturyanditsseasarebecomingwarmer,stormierandmoreacidic(酸性的).Thisisalreadyaffectingrelationsbetweencoralsandthesingle-celledalgae(海藻),whichgivethemtheircolor.Whenwatersbecomeunusuallywarm,algaefloataway,leavingreefsaghostlywhite.This“bleaching”ishappeningfivetimesasoftenasitdidinthe1970s.Meanwhilethechangingchemistryoftheoceansmakesitharderforcoralstoformtheirstructures. Ifcoralsgo,diversandmarinebiologistsarenottheonlypeoplewhowillmissthem.Reefstakeuponlyapercentoftheseafloor,butsupportaquarteroftheplanet’sfishdiversity.Thefishthatreefsshelterareespeciallyvaluabletotheirpooresthumanneighbors,manyofwhomdependonthemasasourceofprotein.Roughlyaneighthoftheworld’spopulationliveswithin100kmofareef.Coralsalsoprotect150,000kmofshorelineinmorethan100countriesandterritoriesfromtheoceansbuffeting(肆虐),aswellasgeneratingbillionsofdollarsintourismrevenue.Coralsystemsmustadaptiftheyaretosurvive.Theyneedprotectionfromlocalsourcesofharm.Theireco-systemssufferfromwastefromfarms,buildingsitesandblastfishing.Governmentsneedtoimposetighterrulesontheseindustrials,suchastougherlocalbuildingcodes,andtoputmoreeffortintoenforcingrulesagainstoverfishing.Settingupmarineprotectedareascouldalsohelpreefs.Localswhofearfortheirlivelihoodscouldbegivenworkasrangerswiththejoboflookingafterthereserves.Visitorstomarineparkscanberequiredtopayaspecialtax,likewhathasbeendoneintheCaribbean.Manyreefsthathavebeendamagedcouldbenefitfromrestoration.Coral’sbiodiversityoffershope,becausethesamecoralwillgrowdifferentlyunderdifferentconditions.CoralsofthewesternPacific,forexample,canwithstandhighertemperaturesthanthesamespeciesintheeasternPacific,whichprovesawayforwardtoencouragecoralstogrowinnewspots.31.Accordingtothepassage,whatmayhappentocoralreefswhenwatersbecomewarm?A.Floatingaway.B.Changingforms.C.Turningwhite.D.Becomingacidic.32.AccordingtoParagraph4,thegovernmentsshould.A.banpeoplefromfishinginthecoralreefareasB.reducethenumberofvisitorstothemarineparksC.callonvolunteerstolookafterthemarinereservesD.carryoutstricterrulesonindustriesaroundthecoast33.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?A.Coralshaveexperienceddeathandrevivalforfivetimes.B.Reefsplayanimportantpartinprotectingthefishdiversity.C.Coralsystemssufferfromagriculture,tourismandfishing.D.Thegrowthofcoralhasnothingtodowiththecondition.34.What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage? A.Toattachmoreimportancetocoralreefsprotection.B.Topresentthesignificanceofcoralreefstotheworld.C.Toexposetheinfluenceofclimatechangeoncoralreefs.D.Toappealtogovernmentsforquickactiontosavecoralreefs.【答案】31.C32.D33.B34.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要描述了珊瑚礁面临的复杂环境，它对人类的帮助，针对政府及人类对其保护措施的建议。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Whenwatersbecomeunusuallywarm,algaefloataway,leavingreefsaghostlywhite.(当海水变得异常温暖时，藻类就会漂走，让珊瑚礁变成一片幽灵般的白色)”可知，当海水变暖之后，珊瑚会变成白色，故选C项。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Governmentsneedtoimposetighterrulesontheseindustrials,suchastougherlocalbuildingcodes,andtoputmoreeffortintoenforcingrulesagainstoverfishing.(政府需要对这些行业实施更严格的规定，比如更严格的地方建筑法规，并投入更多的精力来执行禁止过度捕捞的规定)”可知，政府应该对沿海地区的工业实行更严格的规定。故选D项【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Australia’sGreatBarrierReef,whichisroughlythesizeofItaly,diedandrevivedfivetimes.(澳大利亚大堡礁的面积大致相当于意大利，但它曾5次死亡并复活)”可知，澳大利亚大堡礁曾经历过5次死亡并复活，并不是说所有的珊瑚礁，选项A错误；根据第三段中“Reefstakeuponlyapercentoftheseafloor,butsupportaquarteroftheplanet’sfishdiversity.(珊瑚礁只占海床的百分之一，却支撑着地球上四分之一的鱼类多样性)”可知，珊瑚礁对于鱼类的多样性的保护方面有着重要的作用，选项B与文意相符；倒数第三段中“Theireco-systemssufferfromwastefromfarms,buildingsitesandblastfishing.Governmentsneedtoimposetighterrulesontheseindustrials,suchastougherlocalbuildingcodes,andtoputmoreeffortintoenforcingrulesagainstoverfishing.(它们的生态系统遭受农场、建筑工地和爆破捕鱼的威胁。各国政府需要对这些行业实施更严格的规定，比如更严格的地方建筑法规，并加大力度执行禁止过度捕捞的规定)”可知，珊瑚礁受到农业、工业和过度捕捞的影响，选项C错误；最后一段中“Coral’sbiodiversityoffershope,becausethesamecoralwillgrowdifferentlyunderdifferentconditions.(珊瑚的生物多样性带来了希望，因为相同的珊瑚在不同的条件下会有不同的生长)”说明珊瑚礁的生长会受到条件的影响，选项D错误。故选B。 【34题详解】推理判断题。通读文章，根据第一段最后一句“Butnow,duetohumanactivity,coralsfacethemostcomplexconditiontheyhaveyethadtodealwith.(但现在，由于人类的活动，珊瑚面临着迄今为止最复杂的环境条件)”引出本文的话题，文章接着描述了珊瑚礁面临的复杂环境，它对人类的帮助，针对政府及人类对其保护措施的建议。由此推知，文章的主要目的是想提高人们对珊瑚礁的保护意识。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoFindYourMuseThroughCreativePursuitsHaveyoueverheardthefamousquote“Geniusis1percentinspirationand99percentperspiration”?____35____Someartists,writers,poets,musicians,andevenscientistslooktoamuseasthesourceoftheircreativityorgenius.Thefollowingtipscanhelpyoutofindyourmuse.Listentomusic.Songs,andmusicingeneral,canhelpyourelax.____36____Music,specificallylyrics,canalsotransportyoutoaspecifictimeorplaceandprovideyouwithideastohelpsparkyourowncreativity.Writewhatevercomestomindtogetyourcreativityflowing.Youmaynothaveanyconcreteideas,butsimplywritingsomethingdowncanhelpgeneratecreativethoughts.Consideritaformofbrainstorming.Rememberthatyoucanalwaysstartoverorrevisepreviousthoughtsbeforeyoufinishafinaldraft.Writing,inandofitself,canhelpyougeneratethoughts.____37____Itisbestifyoudothistypeofwritingbyhand,becauseitwillconnectyoumorefullytothewritingprocess.____38____Evenifyousticktoonetypewhenyouwrite,youcanborrowsmallerconcepts,thelatesttrend,personalitypreferences,sceneryideas,andsomuchmorefromreadingdifferenttypesofbooks.Eachstorywasprobablyinspiredfromtheauthor’sownexplorationofotherbooksortalesandthingsthathappenedtooraroundhiminhisdailylives.Trydoodling(涂鸦)ordrawingtorelaxandstimulateyourcreativity.____39____Instead,tryspontaneous(自发的)activities,suchasdoodlingorabstractdrawing,asawaytobecreativewithoutthepressurethatcancomewithcreatingfinishedart.A.Peoplefindinspirationinallsortsofcreativeactivities.B.Readalotofdifferentstoriestofindcreativeinspiration.C.Tryfreewritingorjournalingfor15minuteseveryday. D.Inspirationissomethingthatcomeseasilyforsomepeople,butisastruggleforothers.E.Thelyricsandthemelodiesyoulistentocanlightenthoughtsthatmightweighyoudown.F.Havefunandencounteryourartisticsidewithoutworryingaboutfindinginnovativeideas.G.Youcanexpressyourselfartisticallywithoutproducingaprofessionaldrawingeverytime.【答案】35D36.E37.C38.B39.G【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如何通过创造性的追求找到你的灵感的方法。【35题详解】结合前文“Haveyoueverheardthefamousquote“Geniusis1percentinspirationand99percentperspiration”?”（你有没有听过一句名言“天才是百分之一的灵感和百分之九十九的汗水。”？）可知，天才的实现要有灵感和努力。后文“Someartists,writers,poets,musicians,andevenscientistslooktoamuseasthesourceoftheircreativityorgenius.”（一些艺术家、作家、诗人、音乐家，甚至科学家都把灵感视为他们创造力或天赋的源泉。）说明一些著名人物把灵感视为他们的创造力或天赋的源泉。所以空处应改承接前文，讲述灵感的获得是因人而异的。选项D.“灵感对某些人来说很容易获得，但对另一些人来说却是一种挣扎。”切题，故选D。【36题详解】根据前文“Songs,andmusicingeneral,canhelpyourelax.”（一般来说，歌曲和音乐可以帮助你放松。）提到了歌曲和音乐的帮助作用。下文“Music,specificallylyrics,canalsotransportyoutoaspecifictimeorplaceandprovideyouwithideastohelpsparkyourowncreativity.”（音乐，尤其是歌词，也可以把你带到一个特定的时间或地点，为你提供点子，帮助激发你自己的创造力。）特别提出音乐中歌词同样有着帮助作用。因而空处应承接前文，讲述在音乐中其它部分一样也有帮助。选项E.“你听到的歌词和旋律可以减轻让你颓丧的思想。”说明歌词和旋律一样有帮助意义，切题，故选E。【37题详解】根据本段标题“Writewhatevercomestomindtogetyourcreativityflowing.”（想到什么就写什么，激发你的创造力。）前文“Writing,inandofitself,canhelpyougeneratethoughts.”（写作本身可以帮助你产生想法。）提到了通过写作可以激发创造力和灵感。因而空处应承接前文，讲述要给自己时间来写作。选项C.“尝试每天15分钟的自由写作或日记。”说明了每天要有自由写作时间，切题，故选C。【38题详解】根据下文“Evenifyousticktoonetypewhenyouwrite,youcanborrowsmallerconcepts,thelatesttrend,personalitypreferences,sceneryideas,andsomuchmorefromreadingdifferenttypesofbooks.”（即使你写作 时坚持一种风格，你也可以从不同类型的书籍中借用更小的概念、最新的趋势、个性喜好、风景观点等等。）说明通过阅读也可以激发你的创造力和灵感。因而作为段落标题句，应给说明通过阅读可以来寻找灵感的。选项B.“阅读许多不同的故事来寻找创造性的灵感。”切题，故选B。【39题详解】段落标题“Trydoodling(涂鸦)ordrawingtorelaxandstimulateyourcreativity.”（试着涂鸦或者画画来放松和激发你的创造力。）可知，涂鸦或者画画可以实现放松，同时激发你的创造力。后文“Instead,tryspontaneous(自发的)activities,suchasdoodlingorabstractdrawing,asawaytobecreativewithoutthepressurethatcancomewithcreatingfinishedart.”（相反，尝试自发的活动，如涂鸦或抽象绘画，作为一种创造性的方式，没有创造成品艺术所带来的压力。）可知，涂鸦等自由的绘画方式是一种创造性的方式，但不会带来压力。因此空处应讲述相对涂鸦而言，你不必通过专业的画来寻求自己的创造力。选项G.“你可以艺术地表达自己，而不用每次都画一幅专业的画。”切题，故选G。第三部分书面表达（共两节，满分32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Isitbetterforourbodiestoworkoutatcertaintimesoftheday?Scientistshaveknownforsometimethateverytissueinourbodiescontainsakindofbiologicalclockthatgoesoffinresponsetomessagesrelatedtoourdailyexposuretolight,foodandsleep.However,whetherandhowexercisetimingmightinfluencemetabolic（新陈代谢的）healthhasbeenlessclear,andtheresultsofpastexperimentshavenotalwaysagreed.Amuch-discussed2019studyfoundthatmenwithType2diabetes（糖尿病）whocompletedafewminutesofhigh-intensityinterval（间隔）sessionsintheafternoonimprovedtheirblood-sugarcontrolaftertwoweeks.PatrickSchrauwen,aprofessorofnutritionandmovementsciencesreadthat2019studywithinterest.HehadbeenstudyingexerciseinpeoplewithType2diabetes,buthadnotconsideredthepossibleroleoftiming.Now,seeingthevaryingimpactsoftheintenseworkouts,hewonderedifthetimingofworkoutsmightsimilarlyaffectpeople’smetabolisms.Incidentally,heandhiscolleagueshadaready-madesourceofdataintheirownpriorexperiment.Severalyearsearlier,theyhadaskedadultmenathighriskforType2diabetestoridestationarybicyclesatthelabthreetimesaweekfor12weeks,whiletheresearcherstrackedtheirmetabolichealth.Theyalsohadnotedwhentheridersshowedupfortheirworkouts.Theresearcherspulleddataforthe12menwhoconsistentlyhadworkedoutbetween8and10a.m.andcomparedthemwithanother20whoalwaysexercisedbetween3and6p.m.Theyfoundthatthebenefitsofafternoonworkoutsfaroutweighedthoseofmorningexercise.Hesays,“Thisstudydoessuggestthatafternoonexercisemaybemorebeneficialforpeoplewithdisturbed metabolismsthanthesameexercisedoneearlier.Theparticularandmosteffectiveexerciseforeachofuswilllineupwithourdailyroutinesandexercisetendenciesbecauseexerciseisgoodforusatanytimeofday—butonlyifwechoosetokeepdoingit.”40.WhatinspiredProfessorSchrauwentoconsidertheroleofexercisetiminginmetabolichealth?_________________________________________________________________________________________________41.WhatdidSchrauwen’snewstudyfigureout?_________________________________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhetherthefollowingstatementistrueorfalseandexplainwhy.ProfessorSchrauwenandhiscolleaguescarriedouttheresearchbyusingnewly-collecteddata._________________________________________________________________________________________________43.Asforexercising,whatdoyouthinkisthemostimportant?Why?(Inabout40words)_________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】40.Seeingthevaryingimpactsoftheintenseworkouts.41.Forsomepeople,itisbettertoworkoutintheafternoon.42.False,becuaseprofessorSchrauwenandhiscolleaguescarriedouttheresearchusingaready-madesourceofdataintheirownpriorexperimentratherthanusingnewly-collecteddata.43.IthinkthatmorningexerciseisthebesttimeformebecauseIamprettybusyintheafternoonand Iwakeupearlyinthemorning.Ihavefewerthingstodoatthattimeandhaveenoughtimetoexercise.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要说明了锻炼时间对新陈代谢的影响。不同的人群应该选择适合自己的锻炼时间。【40题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第二段最后一句“Now,seeingthevaryingimpactsoftheintenseworkouts,hewonderedifthetimingofworkoutsmightsimilarlyaffectpeople’smetabolisms.”（看到了高强度锻炼的不同影响，他想知道是否锻炼时间也可能会影响人们的新陈代谢。）可知，ProfessorSchrauwen看到了之前研究中高强度锻炼的影响后决定去考虑锻炼时间在新陈代谢中的作用。故答案为Seeingthevaryingimpactsoftheintenseworkouts。 【41题详解】考查细节理解。根据第四段第一句“Hesays,“Thisstudydoessuggestthatafternoonexercisemaybemorebeneficialforpeoplewithdisturbedmetabolismsthanthesameexercisedoneearlier.”（他说：“这项研究确实表明，对于代谢紊乱的人来说，下午锻炼可能比之前做同样的锻炼更有益。”）可知，对有些人来说，下午锻炼比较好。故答案为Forsomepeople,itisbettertoworkoutintheafternoon。【42题详解】考查细节理解。根据第三段第一句“Incidentally,heandhiscolleagueshadaready-madesourceofdataintheirownpriorexperiment.”（顺带提一下，他和同事们在他们之前的实验中有现成的数据来源。）可知，ProfessorSchrauwen和同事们做实验使用的数据是之前收集的，而不是新收集的。故“ProfessorSchrauwenandhiscolleaguescarriedouttheresearchbyusingnewly-collecteddata.”（ProfessorSchrauwen和同事们使用新收集的数据实施实验。）是错误的。故答案为False,becauseprofessorSchrauwenandhiscolleaguescarriedouttheresearchusingaready-madesourceofdataintheirownpriorexperimentratherthanusingnewly-collecteddata。【43题详解】开放性题目。问你认为锻炼中最重要的是什么并解释原因。故答案为IthinkthatmorningexerciseisthebesttimeformebecauseIamprettybusyintheafternoonand Iwakeupearlyinthemorning.Ihavefewerthingstodoatthattimeandhaveenoughtimetoexercise.或者Ithinkthatpersistenceisthemostimportantthinginworkoutbecauseexercisingisveryexhausting.Withoutpersistence,itiseasytogiveupanditisalsohardtomakeadifferenceintheshortterm。第二节作文（20分）44.假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你校学生会要组织主题为“和谐地球”绘画作品展览。请你代表学生会用英文给外籍教师史密斯先生写一封电子邮件，邀请他来参加此次展览的开幕式。内容包括：1.开幕式的时间、地点和流程；2.展览的主题和展期；3.展览的作品及其特点。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。词汇：展览exhibition和谐地球EarthinHarmonyDearMrSmith,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHuaStudentUnion【答案】DearMr.Smith,Itismyhonortoinviteyoutoparticipateintheopeningceremonyofanartexhibitionwiththethemeof“EarthinHarmony”,whichwillbeheldbyourschoolattheauditoriumnextSaturdayafternoon,from2pmto5pm.Ourceremonywillconsistofthreeprocedures—ourheadmaster’sannouncementofthebeginning,aspeechtointroducetheshowandstudents’performancestocelebrate.Theexhibitionwilllastforawholeweek.YoucanenjoyvariouspaintingsfromcartoontotraditionalChinesepainting.Theyareallrelatedtotheharmonyrelationshipbetweenhumanandnature.Hopeyouarewillingtojoin!Yourssincerely,LiHuaStudentUnion【解析】【导语】这是一篇邀请信。要求考生以学生会主席李华的身份给外籍教师史密斯先生写一封电子邮件，邀请他来参加主题为“和谐地球”绘画作品展的开幕式。【详解】1.词汇积累参加：participatein→takepartin展览：exhibition→show由…组成：consistof→bemadefrom各种各样的：various→avarietyof2.句式拓展合并简单句原句：Theexhibitionwilllastforawholeweek.YoucanenjoyvariouspaintingsfromcartoontotraditionalChinesepainting.拓展句：Theexhibitionwilllastforawholeweek,whenyoucanenjoyvariouspaintingsfromcartoonto traditionalChinesepainting.【点睛】[高分句型1]Itismyhonortoinviteyoutoparticipateintheopeningceremonyofanartexhibitionwiththethemeof“HarmonyEarth”,whichwillbeheldbyourschoolattheauditoriumnextSaturdayafternoon,from2pmto5pm.(运用了it作形式主语以及which引导的非限制性定语从句)[高分句型2]YoucanenjoyvariouspaintingsfromcartoontotraditionalChinesepainting.(运用了介词短语from...to作后置定语)