2022版高考英语阅读理解一轮练题6含解析
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2022版高考英语阅读理解一轮练题(6)李仕才APersuasionistoconvincesomeonetoagreewithyou,justlikeartwhichalsocallsforspecialtechniquestoaccomplish.AccordingtotheancientGreeks,therearethreebasictoolsofpersuasion:ethos,pathosandlogos.Ethosisaspeaker’swayofconvincingtheaudiencethatheistrustworthy,honestandreliable.Onecommonwayaspeakercandevelopethosisbyexplaininghowmuchexperienceoreducationhehasinthefield.Afterall,you’remorelikelytolistentoadviceabouthowtotakecareofyourteethfromadentistthanafireman.Pathosisaspeaker’swayofconnectingwithanaudience'semotions.Forexample,apoliticianwhoistryingtoconvinceanaudiencetovoteforhimmightsaythathealonecansavethecountryfromaterriblewar.Thesewordsareintendedtofilltheaudiencewithfear,thusmakingthemwanttovoteforhim.Similarly,ananimalcharitymightshowanaudiencepicturesofinjureddogsandcatstomaketheviewersfeelpity,sotheywillbemorelikelytodonatemoney.Logosistheuseoffacts,statisticsorotherevidencetosupportyourargument.Anaudiencewillbelieveyouifyouhaveconvincingdatatobackupyourclaims.Presentingthisevidenceismuchmorepersuasivethansimplysaying“believeme”.Althoughethos,pathosandlogosallhavetheirstrengths,theyareoftenmosteffectivewhenusedtogether.So,thenexttimeyoulistentoaspeech,watchacommercialorlistentoafriendtrytoconvinceyoutolendhimsomemoney,beonthelookoutfortheseancientGreektoolsofpersuasion.1.Whatisthepurposeofpersuasion?A.Toadvisesomebodytosupportyou.B.TohelpsomeonehavespecialskillC.Toconvincesomebodytorealizehisaim.D.Totalksomeoneintobeinghonest.2.Whatisaspeaker’swayofconvincingtheaudiencetotrusthim?A.Pathos.B.Ethos.10\nC.Logos.D.Education.3.Whatdoapoliticianandananimalcharityhaveincommon?A.Bothpreventthemselvesfrombeinghurt.B.Bothsavepeoplefromterriblewars.C.Bothmaketheaudiencesupportthem.D.Bothpersuadepeopletodonatemoney.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ConvincetheAudienceB.ThreeBasicToolsofPersuasionC.BelieveMeD.StrengthofPersuasion【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了源自于古希腊且一直沿用至今的说服他人的艺术,其中包括ethos、pathos、logos三种方式以及用这三种方式说服他人在各个领域应用的可能性。1.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话“Persuasionistoconvincesomeonetoagreewithyou,justlikeartwhichalsocallsforspecialtechniquestoaccomplish.”可知,说服是为了建议人们支持你。故选A。3.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Forexample,apoliticianwhoistryingtoconvinceanaudiencetovoteforhimmightsaythathealonecansavethecountryfromaterriblewar.”和最后一句“Similarly,ananimalcharitymightshowanaudiencepicturesofinjureddogsandcatstomaketheviewersfeelpity,sotheywillbemorelikelytodonatemoney.”可知,政治家可能会说他会独自一人从可拍的战争中挽救一个国家为了说服观众为他投票,动物慈善机构向观众展示受伤的猫或者狗的图片是为了让观众感到可怜,更可能捐款。因此可知,政治家和慈善机构的共同之处是他们都想让听众支持他们。故选C。4.B【解析】标题判断题。纵观全文可知,文章主要介绍了说服人的艺术,包括ethos、pathos、logos三中不同的方式,以及这三种方式在各个领域应用的可能性。因此推断B项“说服的三种基本方式”为最佳标题,概况了文章中心主旨。故选B。10\nB(2022·山西太原模拟一)JunotDiaz,TheBriefWondrousLifeofOscarWaoThewinnerinCulturecritics’surveyisJunotDiaz’sfirstnovel,aboutabookwormcalledOscar,whodreamsoffindinglove.Italsowasnamedasthenumber-onebookbymostcritics.“Itisabigdealformetofallinlovewithabookwhosetopicissciencefiction,fantasyandimagination,”saysElizabethTaylor,theChicagoTribune’sliteraryeditor.EdwardP.Jones,TheKnownWorldSetin1855ontheplantationofHenryTownsend—bornaslave,nowaslave-owner—TheKnownWorldisasuccess,leadingreadersintoacomplexmoraltimewithoutmakingsimplejudgments.Facinganearlydeath,Townsendthinksaboutthefutureofhis50-acreVirginiaplantationandtheslaveshetreatsthewayhisformerowner,nowhisteacher,taughthim.HilaryMantel,WolfHallMantel’sboldlyreimaginedlegendof16thCenturyEurope,toldfromthepointofThomasCromwell,winningtheManBookerandNationalBookCriticsCircleawards,was10\nadaptedtothestageandhasbeenfilmedasanewBBCminiseries(短剧).MaryAnnGwinn,SeattleTimesbookeditorwrites,“Ihaveneverfeltsocompletelyburiedintoacharacter’smind,nottomentionalongagoandfar-awayplace.”MarilynneRobinson,GileadRevJohnAmes,asmalltownminister,describeshislifeandanti-slaverytraditiontohisyoungsoninbeautifullanguageinthisfirstpartofRobinson’strilogy(alongwithHomeandLila).“Ican’tthinkofalivingnovelistwhowritesmoreseriouslyandprofoundlyaboutreligiousfaith,whichhasbecomeanalmostforbiddentopicinmodernliterature,”writesDawnRaffel,whorankedGileadfirstonherlist.CriticKarenR.Longsays,“Thismulti-generationalstorytellsadesirefortranscendence(超越),andmakesacaseforspirituallifeinthe21stcentury—itsownkindofmiracle.Gileadwillbereadin100years.”1.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Oscarlikesreadingbooks. B.Townsendworkedinachurch.C.RevJohnAmeslikesfarming. D.ThomasCromwellwonanOscarAward.2.WhatdoesMaryAnnGwinnthinkofthebook“WolfHall”?A.Shethinksit’stoodull. B.Shedoesn’tlikethecharacterinthebook.C.Shethinksit’sfascinating. D.Shedoesn’tlikesomecontentsinthebook.3.Whichofthefollowingbookswillhaveafar-reachinginfluenceinthefuture?A.Gilead.B.WolfHall.C.TheKnownWorld.10\nD.TheBriefWondrousLifeofOscarWao.1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的abookwormcalledOscar以及第三句“Itisabigdealformetofallinlovewithabookwhosetopicissciencefiction,fantasyandimagination...”可知Oscar是书虫,热爰读书。2.C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Ihaveneverfeltsocompletelyburiedintoacharacter’smind,nottomentionalongagoandfar-awayplace.”可知,MaryAnnGwinn认为自己从来没有如此沉迷于一本书,可知她认为这本书是很吸引人的。3.A 细节理解题。根据文章最后一句可知这本书将会在未来的100年中继续被阅读,所以此书对未来有深远的影响。CMoreoversmartphone,theintelligentwatchisabouttotakeyourspotasthelatesthitechcurrent,allowingwearerstoglanceatmessagesandeventakecallswithouttouchingtheirphones.Thei'mWatch,availablesince2022,istheflagshipproductofanItaliancompany—i'm.Thissmartwatchisanassisttothesmartphone,withwhichitcancommunicatebyBluetoothwirelesstechnology.Itmeansyoucanleaveyourphoneinyourpocketasyouanswerorrejectacall,reviewemailsorreadupdatesfromfriendsonTwitterorFacebook.Thei'mWatchalsohasitsownapplications,suchasi'mSport,whichlinkswithaheartratedetector(检测器)toallowarunnertocheckhispulse.Suchfunctionsalreadyexistinspecializedsportswatchesbutnotonwatchesthatarelinkedtosmartphones.Withasquareshape,a3.8centimetertouchscreenandvariouscolors,thei'mWatchsellsforaminimumof300Euros($390)forthebasicmodelandpricesclimbto16000Eurosforaluxurymodelinsilverordecoratedwithdiamonds.Sofar,thewatchhasalreadyfound30000buyers,80percentofwhomaremenaged25to50.“SeventypercentareiPhoneusers,25percentSamsungandtherestareothertelephonesusingGoogle'sAndroidoperatingsystem,”saidMassimilianoBertolini,amanagerofthecompany,whichaimstosellmorethan200000watchesthisyear.Thecompany'stargetmarketisthepersonwhoisalwaysgluedtohissmartphone,eveninmeetingsoratthemovies,orpeoplewhowishtokeepaneyeontheirheartbeatduringexercise.Theywillespeciallytargetwomenwithadvertisementsemphasizingitsdesignratherthanitstechnology.文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款最新的智能手表。10\n1.Thetextismeantto________.A.advertiseahandhelddeviceB.showanexampleofhightechC.introduceanewtypeofwatchD.comparethephonewiththewatch答案:C 写作意图题。根据文章第一段第一句“Moreoversmartphone,theintelligentwatchisabouttotakeyourspotasthelatesthitechcurrent...”和对全文的整体理解可知,本文主要介绍最新的科技产品:智能手表,故答案C符合文义。2.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthei'mWatch?A.Economical.B.Typical.C.Multifunctional.D.Traditional.答案:C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后两句“Thissmartwatchisanassisttothesmartphone...reviewemailsorreadupdatesfromfriendsonTwitterorFacebook.”可推知,文中介绍的智能手表是多功能的,故答案C符合文义。3.Whyisthei'mWatchsuperiortootherspecializedsportswatches?A.Itprovidesabetterservice.B.Itislinkedtosmartphones.C.Ithasaheartratedetector.D.Itownsfancyappearance.答案:B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句“Suchfunctionsalreadyexistinspecializedsportswatchesbutnotonwatchesthatarelinkedtosmartphones.”可知,答案B符合文义。4.Whichgroupofpeoplemaybeattractedbythei'mWatch?A.Sportslovershavingsmartphones.B.Womenpreferringadvertisements.C.PeopleusingAndroidsystem.D.iPhoneusersseekingconvenience.答案:D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句“SeventypercentareiPhoneusers...”可知,答案D符合文义。5.Whatcanwelearnaboutthei'mWatchaccordingtothetext?A.Itcancontrolarunner'spulse.B.Ithasawiderangeofprices.C.Itcanreplacethesmartphones.D.Itispopularamongteenagers.10\n答案:B 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“aminimumof300Euros...to16000Euros...withdiamonds.”可推知,根据i'mWatch这款智能表的款式和材质不同,它的售价有很大的范围,故答案B符合文义。D(2022·福建福州适应性练习)NohumanhassetfootontheMoonsince1972.Now,aftermorethanfourdecadesofinactivity,interestinputtinghumansbackontheMoonisfinallyheatingupagain.Butwhowillgettherefirst?CHINAOn14December,2022,ChinasuccessfullylandeditsJadeRabbitrover(探测车)ontheMoon.Itisnowworkingonitsnextexplorationmission.NamedChang’e4,themissionisscheduledtotouchdownintheAitkenBasinneartheendof2022.Ifsuccessful,itwillbethefirstlandingontheMoon’sfarside.RUSSIARussiaplansamannedMoonlandingin2030.ItiscurrentlyworkingonaprojectwhoseideaisthatthelanderswillexplorethesouthpoleoftheMoon,exploringforresourcessuchasmineralsandwatericetobeusedtoprovideforahumanoutpost(前哨站).INDIAFollowingthesuccessofitsChandrayaan-1in2022,Indiaannouncedafollow-onmission.Chandrayaan-2wasmeanttocooperatewithRussia.ButwhentheRussiansfailedtodeliverthepromisedlanderin2022,Indiadecidedtogoitalone.Chandrayaan-2isabouttobesentupin2022.TheUSAInDecember2022,NASAplanstosenduptheExplorationMission1,anuncrewedtestoftheirOrionastronautcapsuleinwhichthecraftwillcirclearoundtheMoonbefore10\nreturningtotheEarth.Allbeingwell,acrewedcapsulewillfollowin2023.Shouldthemissionproveasuccess,theastronautswillbethefirsthumanstoseethefarsideoftheMoonwiththeirowneyessinceApollo17in1972.1.WhatwillChinadoinitsnextspacemission?A.ImproveitsJadeRabbitrover.B.Workwithothercountries.C.LandChang’e4ontheMoon.D.ExplorethesouthpoleoftheMoon.2.WhydidIndiatrytocarryoutitsfollow-onmissionalone?A.Itcouldn’tfindapartner.B.Itdidn’tgetthelanderasplanned.C.TheRussiansrefusedtoworkwithIndia.D.ItplannedtolaunchChandrayaan-2inadvance.3.WhichcountryisinterestedinresourcesontheMoon?A.Russia. B.China.C.India.D.TheUSA.4.Whatcanweknowfromthetext?A.RussiahasbuiltahumanoutpostontheMoon.B.ChinawillbethefirsttoseethefarsideoftheMoon.C.TheUSAwillsendacrewedcapsuletotheMooninthefuture.D.HumanshavekeptactiveinexploringtheMoonsince1972.1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知,嫦娥四号将在2022年底降落在月球AitkenBasin地区。据此可知,中国的下一步空间计划是嫦娥四号登月,故C项正确。2.B 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知,由于俄罗斯没能给印度提供着陆器,故印度决定自己实施登月计划,故B项正确。3.A 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知,当前俄罗斯正启动一项工程,其思路是登陆器将探索月球的南极,寻找矿物质和水冰等资源以供人类前哨站使用。故A项正确。4.C 推理判断题。根据第五段第二句“Allbeingwell,acrewedcapsulewillfollowin10\n2023.”可知,如果一切顺利,美国将于2023年发送载人太空舱登月,据此可知,美国将在未来实施载人登月计划,故C项正确。EGoodhealthisthemostvaluablethingapersoncanhave.Itisimportanttorememberthatthebodyneedspropercareinordertobehealthy.Therearethreethingsthatapersoncandotohelpstayingoodshape:eatrightfood,getenoughsleep,andexerciseregularly.Propernutrition(营养)isimportantforgoodhealth.Yourbodycannotworkwellunlessitreceivestheproperkindof“fuel”.Don’teattoomuchfoodwithlotsofsugarandfat.Eatplentyoffoodshighinprotein(蛋白质),likemeat,fish,eggsandnuts.Vegetablesandfruitsareveryimportantbecausetheyprovidenecessaryvitaminsandminerals.However,don’tovereat.Itisnothelpfultobeoverweight.Gettingtheproperamountofsleepisalsoimportant.Ifyoudon’tgetenoughsleep,youfeeltiredandeasilygetangry.Youhavenoenergy.Overalongperiodoftimealittleamountofsleepmayevenresultinachangeofpersonality(个性).Besuretoallowyourselffromseventoninehoursofsleepeachnight.Ifyoudo,yourbodywillfeelstrongandrefreshed,andyourmindwillbesharp.Finally,getplentyofexercise.Exercisemakesthebodystrongandpreventsyoufromputtingonweight.Italsoimprovesyourheartandlungs.Ifyoufollowaregularexerciseprogram,youwillprobablyincreaseyourlife-span(寿命).Anykindofexerciseisgood.Mostsportsareverygoodforkeepingthebodyingoodshape:basketball,swimming,bicycling,runningandsoon,aregoodexamples.Sportsarenotonlygoodforyourbody,buttheyareenjoyableandinteresting,too.Ifeverybodyweretoeattherightfoods,getplentyofsleepandexerciseregularly,theworldwouldbeahappierandhealthierplace.Wewouldalllivetobemucholderandwiser.1.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat . A.howwecankeepfit10\nB.whyhealthisimportantforusC.nutritionisimportantforhealthD.sleepismoreimportantthannutritionandexercise答案:A解析:主旨大意题。短文第一段最后一句是本文的主题句“Therearethreethingsthatapersoncandotohelpstayingoodshape:eatrightfood,getenoughsleep,andexerciseregularly.”。2.Inordertokeepgoodhealth, . A.weshouldeatalotofsweetsB.oneneedsalargeamountoffatC.peopleshouldeataccordingtothefoods’nutritionD.wemusttrytosleepnowandthen答案:C解析:推理判断题。由第二段可推知,要想保持健康,注意事项的其中之一是必须根据食物的营养来吃。3.Eatingmoreandsleepingless . A.canhelpkeephealthyB.arenogoodforyouC.getyoumoreenergyD.willkeepyourpersonality答案:B解析:推理判断题。由第二段和第三段可知,吃得过多和睡得太少对身体没有好处。10
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