2022版高考英语阅读理解一轮练题8含解析

2022版高考英语阅读理解一轮练题（8）李仕才ANowadaysmoreandmorepeoplearetalkingaboutgeneticallymodifiedfoods(GMfoods).GMfoodsdevelopfromgeneticallymodifiedorganisms(有机体),whichhavehadspecificchangesintroducedintotheirDNAbygeneticengineeringtechniques.Thesetechniquesaremuchmoreprecisewhereanorganismisexposedtochemicalstocreateanonspecificbutstablechange.Formanypeople,thehightechproductionraisesallkindsofenvironmental,ethical,healthandsafetyproblems.Particularlyincountrieswithlongfarmingtraditions,theideaseemsagainstnature.Infact,GMfoodsarealreadyverymuchapartofourlives.Theywerefirstputonthemarketin1996.AthirdofthecornandmorethanhalfthecottongrownintheU.S.lastyearwastheproductofbiotechnology,accordingtotheDepartmentofAgriculture.Morethan65millionacresofgeneticallymodifiedcropswillbeplantedintheUSthisyear. Thegeneticgenieisoutofthebottle.However,likeanynewproductenteringthefoodchain,GMfoodsmustbesubjectedtocarefultesting.Inwealthycountries,thedebateaboutbiotechisnotsofiercebythefactthattheyhavealargenumberoffoodstochoosefrom,andasupplythatgoesbeyondtheneeds.Indevelopingcountriesdesperatetofeedfastgrowingandunderfedpopulations,thematterissimplerandmuchmoreurgent:dothebenefitsofbiotechoutweightherisks?Thestatisticsonpopulationgrowthandhungeraredisturbing.Lastyeartheworld'spopulationreached6billion.TheUNstatesthatnearly800millionpeoplearoundtheworldareunhealthy.About400millionwomenofchildbearingagedon'thaveenoughiron,whichmeanstheirbabiesareexposedtovariousbirthdefeats.Asmanyas100millionchildrensufferfromvitaminAdeficiency,aleadingcauseofblindness.Howcanbiotechhelp?Geneticengineeringiswidelyusedtoproduceplantsandanimalswithbetternutritionalvalues.Biotechnologistshavedevelopedgeneticallymodifiedriceandtheyareworkingonotherkindsofnutritionallyimprovedcrops.10\nBiotechcanalsoimprovefarmingproductivityinplaceswherefoodshortagesarecausedbycropdamageattributabletodrought,poorsoilandcropviruses.1.Thepassagemainlytalksabout________.A.theworld'sfoodproblemB.thedevelopmentinbiotechC.thegeneticallymodifiedfoodsD.thewaytosolvefoodshortages2.Accordingtothepassage,GMfoods________.A.willreplacenaturallygrownfoodsB.arefarbetterthannaturallygrownfoodsC.mayhelptosolvetheproblemofpoornutritionD.cancauseserioustroubleindevelopingcountries3.Theunderlinedsentence“Thegeneticgenieisoutofthebottle.”inParagraph2probablymeansthat________.A.GMfoodsareavailableeverywhereB.thetechnologyinproducingGMfoodsisadvancedC.genetictechnologymayhaveuncontrollablepowersD.genetictechnologyhascomeoutoflaboratoriesintomarkets4.What'sthewriter'sattitudetowardsGMfoods?A.Enthusiastic.B.Cautious.C.Disapproving.D.Unbelievable.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了转基因食品及其对人类生活的影响。1.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplearetalkingaboutgeneticallymodifiedfoods(GMfoods).”可知，本文主要介绍的是转基因食品。2.C【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Geneticengineeringiswidelyusedtoproduceplantsandanimalswithbetternutritionalvalues.”可知，转基因食品有助于解决营养不良问题。10\n4.B【解析】观点态度题。根据第三段中的“However,likeanynewproductenteringthefoodchain,GMfoodsmustbesubjectedtocarefultesting.”可知，作者认为转基因食品进入市场前需要严格的检测，由此可见作者对转基因食品的态度是谨慎的。BSurvivingHurricaneSandy(飓风桑迪)NatalieDoan,14,hasalwaysfeltluckytoliveinRockaway,NewYork.Livingjustafewblocksfromthebeach,Nataliecanseetheoceanandhearthewavesfromherhouse.“It’stheoceanthatmakesRockawaysospecial,”shesays.OnOctober29,2022,thatoceanturnedfierce.Thatnight,HurricaneSandyattackedtheEastCoast,andRockawaywashitespeciallyhard.Fortunately,Natalie’sfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity’sbridgesclosed.WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.ManyofNatalie’sfriendshadlosttheirhomesandwerelivingfaraway.Allaroundher,peopleweresuffering,especiallytheelderly.Natalie’sschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporarilyattendaschoolinBrooklyn.Inthefollowingfewdays,themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie.Volunteerscamewithcarloadsofdonatedclothingandtoys.Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersrebuild.Teenagersclimbeddozensofflightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelderlypeopletrappedinpowerlesshigh-risebuildings.“MymomtellsmethatIcan’tcontrolwhathappenstome,”Nataliesays,“butIcanalwayschoosehowIdealwithit.”Natalie’schoicewastohelp.Shecreatedawebsitepage,matchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohelp.NataliepostedinformationaboutaboynamedPatrick,wholosthisbaseballcardcollectionwhenhishouseburneddown.Withindays,Patrick’scollectionwasreplaced.Inthecomingmonths,herwebsitepagehelpedlotsofkids:Christopher,whoreceivedanewbasketball;Charlie,whogotanewkeyboard.Nataliealsoworkedwithotherorganizationstobringmuch-neededsuppliestoRockaway.Hereffortsmadeherafamous10\nperson.LastApril,shewasinvitedtotheWhiteHouseandhonoredasaHurricaneSandyChampionofChange.Today,thescars(创痕)ofdestructionarestillseeninRockaway,buthopeisintheair.Thestreetsareclear,andmanyhomeshavebeenrebuilt.“Ican’timaginelivinganywherebutRockaway,”Nataliedeclares.“Myneighborhoodwillbeback,evenstrongerthanbefore.”1.WhenNataliereturnedtoRockawayafterthehurricane,shefound　　　. A.somefriendshadlosttheirlivesB.herneighborhoodwasdestroyedC.herschoolhadmovedtoBrooklynD.theelderlywerefreefromsuffering2.AccordingtoParagraph4,whoinspiredNataliemost?A.ThepeoplehelpingRockawayrebuild.B.Thepeopletrappedinhigh-risebuildings.C.Thevolunteersdonatingmoneytosurvivors.D.Localteenagersbringingclothingtoelderlypeople.3.HowdidNataliehelpthesurvivors?A.Shegavehertoystootherkids.B.Shetookcareofyoungerchildren.C.ShecalledontheWhiteHousetohelp.D.Shebuiltaninformationsharingplatform.4.Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A.Littlepeoplecanmakeabigdifference.B.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.C.Eastorwest,homeisbest.D.Technologyispower.1.B　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知,Natalie第二天回到家时,发现她们的居住区已变成一片废墟。2.A　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句中的“...themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie.”可知,帮助洛克威重建的人们使Natalie最受鼓舞。10\n3.D　细节理解题。根据第七段第一句可知,她建立了一个网站,将需要帮助的幸存者和想要帮助灾民的捐赠者进行匹配。故选D项(她建立了一个信息共享平台)。4.A　主旨大意题。Natalie作为一个年仅14岁的小女孩,在飓风桑迪席卷家乡后,通过建立网站匹配需求者与捐赠者,使得许许多多需要帮助的人得到了帮助。本文彰显了在灾难面前,小人物也可以大有作为的真理。故选A项。B项意为“患难见真情”;C项意为“金窝银窝,不如自己的狗窝”;D项意为“技术就是力量”;均不符合文意。CDearSir，Iwassurprisedtoreadyourrecenteditorialonthequestionofstudents'parttimejobs.Youappeartobemakinglotsofgeneralcommentsonthebasisofjustoneunfortunatecase(Iassureyouthatnotallyoungpeoplewhodelivernewspapersareasfoolishanddishonestasthetwoyouthsmentionedinyourarticle,andonesinglecaseisnotstrongenoughinsupportingapointasevidence.Ithinkyouwouldn'tdisagreewithmeatthispoint)．ThefirstpointIwouldliketomakeisthattherearemanyjobsteenagerscandowhichgivethemusefulexperienceoftheworkingworld.Theyarebroughtintocontactwithavarietyofpeople,oftenolder,andaregivenexperienceofexpressingthemselvesclearlyandlogically.Everyyoungmanwilleventuallybeinvolvedinsocialnetwork,andwecan'texpectthemtoactasamatureadultoncetheystepoutofschool.Iamthinkinghereofjobssuchastravelguidesandshopassistants.Parttimejobsareactuallyakindofguidingthatyoungpeopleneedbeforetheyplaytheirroleinrealcareer.Anotherargumentforschoolchildrenandcollegestudentshavingholidayorweekendjobsisthatmanyparentsneedthefinancialassistance.Ifwetake,forexample,afamilyinwhichthefatherisunemployedorperhapsasingleparentfamilyonalowincome,itseemslogicalandfairthatasonordaughtershouldtrytobringmoneyintothehousehold.AndIthinkit'salsoaneducationtoyoungpeoplewhatfamilyresponsibilityisandwhatoneshoulddointermsofshowingtheircareandlove.OnefurtherthingIwanttosayisthatalotofjobsfortheyoungcanbefunforthepeoplewhodothemandalsousefultothecommunity.Youngsterswhohelpinschools,hospitalsandwiththeelderlyoftengainagreatdealofpleasureandsatisfactionaswellascontributingsomethingvaluabletolocalsociety.Andtheexperiencewillmakeyoungpeoplefeeltheirvalueinoursocietysothattheywillbemoreeagerto10\nlearnandmorewillingtooffertheirhelp.Inconclusion,IwouldaddthatwhenIwasagirl,myfathersaidmyteenswereatimeforbooks,hobbiesandacademicstudies.Thinkingback,IfeelIwouldhavelearntmuchmore—aboutmyself,otherpeopleandlifeingeneral—ifhehadallowedmetodoalimitedamountofrealwork.Certainly,whensheisoldenough,Ishallencouragemyowndaughtertodoso,ratherthanwastehertimewithsoapoperas,computergamesanddiscos,likesomanyyoungpeopletoday.Idon'tmeanhavingfunisawasteoftime.Ijustwanttopointoutthatfunandparttimejobscouldbebalanced.Yoursfaithfully，MargaretWilliams文章大意：本文是写给报社编辑的一封信。在信中，作者表达了对该社最近发表的关于“青少年不应该做兼职工作(打零工)”这篇文章的反对，并给出了自己的理由和见解。1．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheletter?A．Parttimejobshelpteenagersdevelopsocialskills.B．Allyoungpeopledoingparttimejobsareintelligentandhonest.C．Childreninsingleparentfamiliesshouldnotdoparttimejobs.D．Thewriterdidparttimejobswhenshewasatschool.答案：A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容可知，A项“打零工能够帮助孩子培养社会技能”表述正确。B项在文中没有涉及；根据第三段第二句可知，C项错误；根据最后一段第二句可知，D项错误。故答案选A。2．Whatdoesthewriterthinkmanyoftheyoungpeoplearedoingnow?A．Takingsomeparttimejobstohelptheirfamily.B．Doingtheiracademiclearningheartandsoul.C．Wastingtimewithsoapoperasandcomputergamesordiscos.D．Doingcommunityservicesbyhelpingtheoldorthesickinhospitals.答案：C　细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第三句中的“wastehertimewithsoapoperas,computergamesanddiscos,likesomanyyoungpeopletoday”可知，作者认为现在很多孩子都将时间浪费在看肥皂剧、玩游戏或去迪厅等娱乐上面了。故答案选C。3．Whatcanwelearnfromtheletter?A．Thewriteroftheletterisdoingsomeparttimejobs.B．Anarticleagainstteenagers'doingparttimejobswaspublished.C．Teenagersofthetimearenotdoingtherightthing.D．Thewriteroftheletterisateenagerfromasingleparentfamily.答案：B10\n　推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知，社论中就两个年轻人在送报纸的兼职工作中的不诚实行为做了很多评论，不赞成年轻人做兼职工作，故可推断出报社刊登的文章应是一篇“反对青少年做兼职工作”的文章。故答案选B。D(2022·江西重点中学盟校第二次联考)SchoolofCinemaandPerformingArtsItofferstwotwo-weeksessionsandonethree-weeksessionduringthesummer.Yourteencanparticipateinthefilmmaking,acting,dance,photographyprograms.Hewillworkwithprofessionalswhowillteachhimthelatesttechnologythroughhands-onexperience.TuitionincludesdaytripstoamusementparksandotherLosAngelestourismsites.Housingandfoodcanbearrangedindormsforanadditionalfee.Address:1600CampusRoad,LosAngelesTel:800-718-2787IDTechCampsatUCLAItofferscomputerandgamingrelatedcampsattheUCLAcampus.Teenscanjoinindaycamps,overnightcampsorweekendgamingcamps.Yourteenwillusethelatesttechnologyavailabletolearnvideogamedesign,webdesignandcomputerprogramming.Overnightcamperswillstayinthecollegedorms.Address:405HilgardAve,LosAngelesTel:888-709-8324SummerDiscoveryatUCLAItoffersthreeorsixweeks’residentialcampsattheUCLAcampus.Three-weekcoursescanincludeacademicorartclassesforenrichmentpurposes.Inthissummercamp,yourteenwillgetatasteofwhattoexpectwhensheenterscollege.Shecanchoosefromsportsmanagement,businessmanagement,healthylifestyleprograms,ESL-TOEFLprogramsandmore.Address:405HilgardAve,LosAngelesTel:516-621-3939PowerChordAcademyItoffersaseven-daycoursethatcaters(迎合)toresidentialordayteens,aswell10\nasathree-daycourse.Teenswillmeetatouringband,learntechnicalaspectsaboutthemusicindustryandbeingamusicianincurrenttimes,writesongs,performconcerts,makeamusicvideo,recordaCDandmeetatouringband.Noexperienceormusicalbackgroundisnecessary.Address:7336SantaMonicaBlvd,LosAngelesTel:800-897-66771.Fromthefirstparagraph,wecanlearnSchoolofCinemaandPerformingArts　　　. A.isdevotedtohealthylifestyleprogramsB.providesfreemealsforitsteencampersatweekendsC.requeststheprofessionalstoteachitsteencampersthequickestmethodsD.givesitscampersachancetodofilmmakingandactingbythemselves2.Whichnumberwillyoudialifyouwanttobecomeabusinessmaninfuture?A.800-718-2787.　B.516-621-3939.C.888-709-8324.　D.800-897-6677.3.Whatdothefourcampshaveincommon?A.Allofthemprovideaccommodation.B.Theylieonthesamebusinessarea.C.Teenscangotoamusementparksforfree.D.Theyhavelatesttechnologyduringeachsession.1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Yourteencanparticipateinthefilmmaking,acting,dance,photographyprograms.”可知,你的孩子可参与到电影制作、表演、跳舞、拍摄工程中。结合选项分析可知应选D项。2.B　细节理解题。根据第三部分中的“Shecanchoosefromsportsmanagement,businessmanagement,healthylifestyleprograms,ESL-TOEFLprogramandmore.”可知应选B项。3.A　整体把握题。根据文中“Housingandfoodcanbearrangedindormsforanadditionalfee.”及“Overnightcamperswillstayinthecollegedorm”等语句可知,四个露营均提供住宿。故选A项。10\nEWhenIlivedinSpain,someSpanishfriendsofminedecidedtovisitEnglandbycar.Beforetheyleft,theyaskedmeforadviceabouthowtofindaccommodation.Isuggestedthattheyshouldstayat“bedandbreakfast”houses,becausethiskindofaccommodationgivesaforeignvisitoragoodchancetospeakEnglishwiththefamily.Myfriendslistenedtomyadvice,buttheycamebackwithsomefunnystories.“Wedidn’tstayat‘bedandbreakfast’houses,”theysaid,“becausewefoundthatmostfamilieswereawayonholiday.”Ithoughtthiswasstrange.FinallyIunderstoodwhathadhappened.MyfriendsspokelittleEnglish,andtheythought“VACANCIES”meant“holidays”,becausetheSpanishwordfor“holidays”is“vacaciones”.Sotheydidnotgotothehousewherethesignoutsidesaid“VACANCIES”,whichinEnglishmeanstherearefreerooms.Thenmyfriendswenttothehousewherethesignsaid“NOVACANCIES”,becausetheythoughtthismeantthepeoplewhoownedthehousewerenotawayonholiday.Buttheyfoundthatthesehouseswereallfull.Asaresult,theystayedathotels!Welaughedaboutthisandaboutmistakesmyfriendsmadeinreadingothersigns.InSpanish,theword“DIVERSION”meansfun.InEnglish,itmeansthatworkmenarerepairingtheroad,andthatyoumusttakeadifferentroad.Whenmyfriendssawtheword“DIVERSION”onaroadsign,theythoughttheyweregoingtohavefun.Instead,theroadendedinalargehole.Englishpeoplehaveproblemstoowhentheylearnforeignlanguages.OnceinParis,whensomeoneofferedmesomemorecoffee,Isaid‘Thankyou’inFrench.ImeantthatIwouldlikesomemore.However,tomysurprisethecoffeepotwastakenaway!LaterIfoundoutthat‘Thankyou’inFrenchmeans‘No,thankyou’.1.MySpanishfriendswantedadviceabout　　　. A.learningEnglishB.findingplacestostayinEnglandC.drivingtheircaronEnglishroadsD.goingtoEnglandbycar答案:B10\n解析:细节理解题。根据第一段的“Beforetheyleft,theyaskedmeforadviceabouthowtofindaccommodation.”可知,他们想问作者一些关于在英国找住所的建议。2.Isuggestedthattheystayat“bedandbreakfast”housesbecause　　　. A.theywouldbeabletopractisetheirEnglishB.itwouldbemuchcheaperthanstayinginhotelsC.itwouldbeconvenientforthemtohavedinnerD.therewouldbenoproblemaboutfindingaccommodationthere答案:A解析:细节理解题。根据第一段的“...becausethiskindofaccommodationgivesaforeignvisitoragoodchancetospeakEnglishwiththefamily.”可知A项正确。3.Ifyouseearoadsignthatsays“DIVERSION”intheUK,youwill　　　. A.fallintoaholeB.havealotoffunandenjoyyourselfC.findthattheroadisblockedbycrowdsofpeopleD.havetotakeadifferentroad答案:D解析:细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知,如果在英国的路上看到“DIVERSION”这个标志,意思是道路正在施工,要换一条路走。4.IwassurprisedwhenthecoffeepotwastakenawaybecauseI　　　. A.hadn’tfinisheddrinkingmycoffeeB.wasexpectinganothercupofcoffeeC.meantthatIdidn’twantanymoreD.wasnevermisunderstood答案:B解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段可知,作者本来说“Thankyou”是再要一些咖啡,但在法语中“Thankyou”却表示不要,所以服务员把作者的咖啡壶拿走了,当时作者不知道它在法语中的这种意思,所以感到很吃惊。10