2022版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练6含解析

2022版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（6）李仕才A(2022·陕西省高三质检)Manypeoplehaveboughtinsurance，eitherlifeorproperty(财产)，commercialorcompulsory.Yetsomepeopleknowlittleaboutitandsomeevenmisunderstanditsnatureandfunction.Insuranceisthesharingofrisks.Nearlyeveryoneisexposedtoariskofsomesort.Thehouseowner，forexample,knowsthathispropertycanbedamagedbyfire；theshipownerknowsthathisshipsmaybelostatsea；thebreadwinnerknowsthathemaydieatanearlyageandleavehisfamilypoorer.Ontheotherhand，noteveryhouseisdamagedbyfirenoreveryshipislostatsea.Ifthesepersonseachputasmallamountofmoneyintoapool，therewillbeenoughtomeettheneedsofthefewwhodosufferlosses.Inotherwords，thelossesofthefewaremetfromthecontributionsofthemany.Thisisthebasisofinsurance.Thosewhopaythecontributionareknownastheinsuredandthosewhomanagethe__pool__of__contributionsasinsurers.Thelegalbasisofallinsuranceisthepolicy.Thisisaprintedformofcontractonapieceofpaperinbestquality.Itstatesthateveryyeartheinsuredshallpayanamountofmoney，whichiscalledthepremium；inreturn,theinsurerwillpayanamountofmoneyorcompensationforlossesiftheriskoreventinsuredagainstactuallyhappens.Thepremiumforinsurancenaturallydependsuponhowlikelytheriskistohappen，assuggestedbypastexperience.Ifcompaniesfixtheirpremiumstoohigh，therewillbemorecompetitionintheirareaofinsuranceandtheymaylosebusiness.Ontheotherhand，iftheymakethepremiumtoolow，theywilllosemoneyandmayevenhavetodropoutofbusiness.Sotheordinaryforcesofsupplyanddemandkeeppremiumsatalevelsatisfactorytoboththeinsurerandtheinsured.1．TheunderlinedphraseinPara.2mostprobablymeans________．A．moneypaidbytheinsurersB．eachpremium12\nC．moneypaidbyallthoseinsuredD．thecostofadministeringinsurance2．Insurancepremiumsdonotbecometoohighbecause________．A．notmanypeopleinsurethemselvesB．premiumsdependontheriskoflossesC．insurershavetobemorecompetitiveD．insurancecompaniescanneverlosemoney3．Accordingtothepassage,insurancebusinessgainsprofitbecause________．A．moreandmorepeoplebuyinsuranceB．thefirmshavesoundmanagementC．thepremiumisincreasedyearbyyearD．onlyafewofthoseinsuredsufferlosses4．Thepurposeofthepassageisto________．A．explainaninsurancepolicyB．introduceinsurancebusinessC．persuadepeopletobeinsuredD．warnpeopleofpossiblelosses【解题导语】　本文主要对保险进行了简要介绍。1．C　解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段的“Ifthesepersonseachputasmallamountofmoneyintoapool,therewillbeenoughtomeettheneedsofthefewwhodosufferlosses.”可推知，thepoolofcontributions表示投保人所投的钱。2．C　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Ifcompaniesfixtheirpremiumstoohigh,therewillbemorecompetitionintheirareaofinsuranceandtheymaylosebusiness.”可知，保险公司也有竞争，因此保险费不能定得太高，否则就没有竞争力，也就意味着可能会失去业务，故选C。3．D　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的“Ontheotherhand,noteveryhouseisdamagedbyfirenoreveryshipislostatsea.”“enoughtomeettheneedsofthefewwhodosufferlosses”和“thelossesofthefew”可推知，保险公司获利是因为只有少部分投保人遭受意外风险。4．B　解析：写作意图题。文章第一段点题，再结合全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要介绍的是保险业务，故选B。B12\n(2022·呼和浩特第一次调研)Manypeoplemaybesurprisedbythenumberofchemicalsthattheyareexposedtothrougheverydayhouseholdproducts.Inastudy25womenhadtheirhomesandbodiestestedfor89environmentalpollutants—includingpesticides(杀虫剂)andchemicalsfoundinplasticsandcleaningproducts.Onaverage20chemicalswerefoundontheirbodiesorintheirhomes.Muchisunknownaboutthepossiblehealtheffectsofchemicalsineverydayhouseholdproducts.Butcertainchemicals—likephthalates(邻苯二甲酸盐)foundinplastics—havebeenlinkedtopotentialhealthrisks,includinghigherrisksofcertaincancers,thoughtheevidencemainlycomesfromresearchonlabanimals.Otherhouseholdchemicalsareknowntoharmtheskin,eyesandairways—andmayworsenasthma(哮喘).Manymorechemicalsfoundremainuntested.Chemicalslikelycomefromarangeofsources,soitisnotalwaysclearhowtoreducepeople’sexposure,accordingtoDrRebeccaAltman,theleadresearcheronthenewstudy.Intheoriginalstudy,shenoted,womenweregivenadvicebasedontheparticularchemicalstheywereexposedto—suchasusingfragrance,freewashingliquidandpersonalcareproducts.Forthecurrentstudy,Altmanandhercolleaguesinterviewedtwodozenwomenwho’dtakenpartinthepreviousstudytoseehowtheywouldreacttoinformationabouttheirhouseholdchemicalexposures.Theyfoundthatthewomenweregenerallysurprisedattherangeofchemicalsfoundintheirhomesandbodies.Theywerealsosurprisedthat12\nevensomebannedthingswerefound.Withmanyquestionsaboutthehealtheffectsofhouseholdchemicalsunanswered,someexpertsworrythatgivingpeopleinformationabouttheireverydayexposureswillcauseunnecessaryfear.However,theresearchersfoundthatthewomenintheirstudyweretypicallynotalarmed，andinsteadwanted“moreratherthanless”informationontheissue.1．WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutchemicalsinhouseholdproductsisTRUE?A．Itisuncertainwhateffectssomechemicalshaveonhealth.B．Longtermexposuretothemiscertaintocauseadeadlyillness.C．Inthestudyitwasfoundthatcertainchemicalscancausecancers.D．Someofthemhavebadeffectsonhealth,whilesomehavegoodeffects.2．Theunderlinedword“airways”inParagraph3mostprobablyrefersto________．A．thingsthatlooklikefinethreadsgrowinginthebodyB．thepassagerunningfromyournoseandthroattothelungsC．thepassagebetweenrowsofroomsinabuildingD．theareajustinsidethefrontdoorofabuilding3．Whyisitnotclearhowtoreduceexposuretochemicals?A．Becausealleverydayproductscontainchemicals.B．Becausemuchisunknownaboutthesources.C．Becausemeasureshavenotbeentestedfortheireffects.12\nD．Becausechemicalscomefromavarietyofsources.4．AccordingtoDrRebeccaAltman，________．A．womenweremorelikelytobeharmedbychemicalsB．itisunnecessarytoinformpeopleaboutthestudyresultsC．fragrantproductsmaycontainharmfulchemicalsD．furtherstudyoneverydayproductsshouldbedoneimmediately【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，阐述了人们在日常生活中所使用的家居用品中所含的化学成分可能给人的健康带来的诸多影响。1．解析：选A。推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句“Muchisunknownaboutthepossiblehealtheffectsofchemicalsineverydayhouseholdproducts.”，该段最后一句“Manymorechemicalsfoundremainuntested.”及文章最后一段第一句“Withmanyquestionsaboutthehealtheffectsofhouseholdchemicalsunanswered...”可知，目前家居用品所含的化学成分对人的健康的影响还有很多是不确定的。故答案选A。2．解析：选B。词义猜测题。首先，从构词法的角度来看，airways由air(空气)和ways(道路)构成。再根据其前所并列的skin，eyes可知，airways应该是身体的某组织或器官，再根据破折号后的“andmayworsenasthma(哮喘)”可知，airways指的应是人的呼吸道。故答案选B。3．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“Chemicalslikelycomefromarangeofsources，soitisnotalwaysclearhowtoreducepeople’sexposure”可知，可能的化学污染源太多、太广，因此尚不清楚要如何减少化学物质对人们的危害。故答案选D。4．解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第五段“Intheoriginalstudy...givenadvicebasedontheparticularchemicalstheywereexposedto—suchasusingfragrance，freewashing...”可知，研究者们会根据妇女可能接触到的一些特殊的化学物质，如芳香剂、免费洗手液和其他个人护理产品提出一些建议。由此可知，有香味的产品可能会含有有害物质。故答案选C。12\nCArecentresearchshowsthatthe“shortsleepers”hadbeenmoreorlessaverageintheirsleepneedsuntilthemenwereintheirteens.Butattheageof15orso,themenvoluntarilybegancuttingdowntheirnightlysleeptimebecauseofpressuresfromschool,work,andotheractivities.Thesementendedtoviewtheirnightlyperiodsofunconsciousnessasinterruptionsintheirdailyroutines.Ingeneral,these“shortsleepers”appearedambitious,active,energetic,cheerful,andverysureabouttheircareerchoices.Theyoftenheldseveraljobsatonce,orworkedfullorparttimewhilegoingtoschool.Andmanyofthemhadastrongurgetoappear“normal”or“acceptable”totheirfamily,friendsandsoon.Whenaskedtorecalltheirdreams,the“shortsleepers”didpoorly.Morethanthis,theyseemedtoprefernotremembering.Insimilarsituation,theirusualwayofdealingwithpsychologicalproblemswastodenythattheproblemexisted,andthentokeepbusyinthehopethatthetroublewouldgoaway.Thesleeppatternsofthe“shortsleepers”weresimilarto,butlessextremethan,sleeppatternsshownbymanymentalpatients.The“longsleepers”werequitedifferentindeed.Theresearchshowsthattheseyoungmenhadbeenlengthysleepssincechildhood.Theyseemedtoenjoytheirsleep,protectedit,andwerequiteconcernedwhentheywereoccasionallyrobbedoftheirdesired9hoursofnightlybedrest.Theytendedtorecalltheirdreamsmuchbetterthandidthe“shortsleepers”．文章大意：本文是一篇研究报告。报告中对“睡眠少”的人和“睡眠多”的人进行了对比分析，研究出了他们睡眠时间不同的原因，及其在梦境回忆、性格特点等方面的差异。1．Accordingtothereport,________.A．many“shortsleepers”neededlesssleepbeforetheywereteenagersB．many“shortsleepers”wereforcedtoreducetheirnightlysleeptimeC．many“longsleepers”werequiteconcernedwhentheyslept9hoursD．many“longsleepers”hadkepttheirsleepinghabitssincechildhood答案：D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句“Theresearchshowsthattheseyoungmenhadbeenlengthysleepssincechildhood.”可知，答案D符合文义。2．Many“shortsleepers”werelikelytoholdtheviewthat________.A．sleepcouldmakepeopleappearactiveandcheerfulB．sleepwastheleastimportantontheirdailyroutines12\nC．theywereacceptabletoalltheirfriendsandfamilyD．theywerelessextremethanmanymentalpatients答案：B　推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“Thesementendedtoviewtheirnightlyperiodsofunconsciousnessasinterruptionsintheirdailyroutines.”可推知，他们将睡眠看成日常生活的障碍，故答案B符合文义。3．Itcanbeconcludedfromthethirdparagraphthat________.A．“shortsleepers”dealtwiththepsychologicaltroublethemselvesB．“shortsleepers”wereunwillingtofacepsychologicalproblemsC．“shortsleepers”shortenedthesleepingtimebecauseofpressuresD．“shortsleepers”wouldratherrememberthanforgettheirdreams答案：B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句“Insimilarsituation,theirusualwayofdealingwithpsychologicalproblemswastodenythattheproblemexisted...”可推知，答案B符合文义。4．Whatisthepurposeofwritingthispassage?A．Tointroducetheresultofarecentresearch.B．Toadvisepeopletosleepforalongertime.C．Toshowthedisadvantagesofshortsleeping.D．Toexplaintheadvantagesoflongsleeping.答案：A　写作意图题。根据文章第一段的开篇点题和对文章的整体理解可知，本文是一篇研究报告，写作的主要目的是：介绍研究的成果，故答案A符合文义。D(2022·贵阳高三适应性监测考试)Manyyearsago,whenIwasfreshoutofschoolandworkinginDenver,Iwasdrivingtomyparents’homeinMissouriforChristmas.Istoppedatagasstationabout50milesfromOklahomaCity,whereIwasplanningtovisitafriend.WhileIwasstandinginlineatthecashregister(收款机),Isaidhellotoanoldcouplewhowerealsopayingforgas.Itookoff,buthadgoneonlyafewmileswhenblacksmokebeganpouringfromthebackofmycar.IstoppedandwonderedwhatIshoulddo.Acarpulledupbehindme.12\nItwasthecoupleIhadspokentoatthegasstation.Theysaidtheywouldtakemetomyfriend’s.Wechattedonthewayintothecity,andwhenIgotoutofthecar,thehusbandgavemehisbusinesscard.Iwrotehimandhiswifeathankyounoteforhelpingme.Soonafterwards,IreceivedaChristmaspresentfromthem.Theirnotethatcamewithitsaidthathelpingmehadmadetheirholidaysmeaningful.Yearslater,Idrovetoameetinginanearbytowninthemorning.InthelateafternoonIreturnedtomycarandfoundthatI’dleftthelightsonallday,andthebatterywasdead.ThenInoticedthattheFriendlyForddealership—ashopsellingcars—wasrightnextdoor.Iwalkedoverandfoundtwosalesmenintheshowroom.“JusthowfriendlyisFriendlyFord？”Iaskedandexplainedmytrouble.Theyquicklydroveapickuptrucktomycarandstartedit.Theywouldacceptnopayment.WhenIgothome,Iwrotethemanotetosaythanks.Ireceivedaletterbackfromoneofthesalesmen.Noonehadevertakenthetimetowritehimandsay“thankyou”，anditmeantalot,hesaid.“Thankyou”—twopowerfulwords.They’reeasytosayandmeansomuch.1．Whydidthewritergetintotheoldcouple’scar?A．Hisparentswereinthecar.B．Hiscarhadbrokendown.C．Hisfriendtoldhimtodoso.D．Hiscar’soilhadrunout.2．Fromthetext,weknowthattheoldcouplewere________．12\nA．talkativeB．braveC．kindD．lonely3．Whatdidtheoldcouplethinkofhelpingthewriter?A．Theycouldgetareward.B．Itmadetheirholidayworthy.C．Theydiditbychance.D．Itwasduetoathankyouletter.4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．AnExperiencetoMissouriB．AnOldCoupleC．AMeaningfulHolidayD．AMeaningfulThankyou【解题导语】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述两个自己在遇到困难时得到他人无私帮助的故事，说明了在接受帮助时表达感谢的重要性。1．解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“blacksmokebeganpouringfromthebackofmycar”可知，作者的车出故障了，所以他才坐老夫妇的车。故答案选B。2．解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第二、三段可知，这对老夫妇让作者搭他们的车去见朋友，作者下车后，老夫妇还给了他一张名片，在作者寄去感谢信后，这对老夫妇给作者寄了一个圣诞礼物，由此可知，这对夫妇很善良。kind意为“善良的”，符合文意。故答案选C。talkative意为“健谈的”；brave意为“勇敢的”；lonely意为“孤独的”，均不符合文意。3．解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Theirnotethatcamewithitsaidthathelpingmehadmadetheirholidaysmeaningful.”可知，这对老夫妇认为，帮助作者让他们的假期很有意义，这一切都是值得的。故答案选B。12\n4．解析：选D。标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文作者主要讲述了两个自己受到帮助的故事。每一次受到帮助后，作者都会通过写便条来表达自己对他们的感谢。“感谢”二字虽然说起来容易，但是意义重大。由此可知，D项“一个有意义的感谢”概括出了文章的主旨，最适合做这篇文章的标题。故答案选D。EFidelCastrowasbornathisfather’sfarmonAugust13,1926.Hisfather,AngelCastro,wasamigranttoCubafromGalicia,NorthwestSpain.HehadbecomefinanciallysuccessfulbygrowingsugarcaneatLasManacasfarminBiran,OrienteProvince.Agedsix,CastrowassenttolivewithhisteacherinSantiagobeCuba,beforebeingbaptized(洗礼)intotheRomanCatholicChurchattheageofeight.BeingbaptizedenabledCastrotoattendthelaSalleboardingschoolinSantiago,whereheregularlymisbehaved,sohewassenttotheprivatelyfundedDoloresSchoolinSantiago.In1945hetransferredtoamorefamousschool,DeBeleninHavana.AlthoughCastrotookaninterestinhistory,geographyanddebatingatBelen,hedidnotexcelacademically,insteaddevotingmuchofhistimetoplayingsport.In1945,CastrobeganstudyinglawattheUniversityofHavana,wherehebecameinvolvedinstudentactivism,andtheviolentgangsterismculturewithintheuniversity.Passionateaboutanti-imperialismandopposingU.S.interferenceintheCaribbean,heunsuccessfullycampaignedforthepresidencyoftheFederationofUniversityStudentsonaplatformof“honesty,decencyandjustice”.CastrobecamecriticalofthecorruptionandviolenceofPresidentRamonGrau’sgovernment,deliveringapublicspeechonthesubjectinNovember1946thatreceivedcoverageonthefrontpageofseveralnewspapers.In1947,CastrojoinedthePartyoftheCubanPeople,foundedbyEduardoChibas.Chibasadvocatedsocialjustice,honestgovernment,andpoliticalfreedom,whilehispartyexposedcorruptionanddemandedreform.ThoughChibaslosttheelection,Castroremaineddevotedtoworkingonhisbehalf.Socialsituationbecomingworse,Castorsoonreceivedadeaththreaturginghimtoleavetheuniversity;refusing,hebegancarryingagunandsurroundinghimselfwitharmedfriends.12\n1.Fromparagraph2,weknowthatFidelCastro_______.A.hadnointerestinhistoryB.performedverywellatschoolC.spendmuchtimeplayingsportD.attendedtheLaSalleboardingschoolbefore82.WhatistherightorderofthefollowingeventsrelatedtoFidelCastro?a.deliveredapublicspeechb.enteredtheUniversityofHavanac.joinedthePartyoftheCubanPeopled.transferredtofamousschool,DeBelenA.dbacB.abcdC.dabcD.acdb3.FidelCastrocarriedagunatuniversity_________A.tocatchpeople’sattentionB.tohangoutwithfriendforfunC.togetinvolvedinthepoliticalactivitiesD.todefendhimselfagainstthedeaththreat4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.thePartyoftheCubanPeopleB.FidelCastro’smisbehavioratschoolC.Cuba’spoliticalsituationsinthe1940sD.FidelCastro’searlylifeandpoliticalactivities【文章大意】本文介绍了古巴革命领袖FidelCastro的早期生活和政治活动。2.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第三句话“In1945hetransferredtoamorefamousschool,DeBeleninHavana.”可知d的时间为1945年；根据第三段第一句话中的“In1945,CastrobeganstudyinglawattheUniversityofHavana”可知b的时间为1945年，且在d之后发生；根据第三段最后一句话中的“…,delivering12\napublicspeechonthesubjectinNovember1946”可知a发生于1946年；根据最后一段第一句话中的“In1947,CastrojoinedthePartyoftheCubanPeople”可知c发生于1947年。正确顺序为dbac，故选A。4.D【解析】主旨大意题。纵观全文可知本文介绍了古巴革命领袖FidelCastro的早期生活和政治活动，故选D。12