2022版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练3含解析

2022版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（3）李仕才AThestoryofSirNicholasWintonistheonethatyouwouldimaginecouldonlyhappenonthesilverscreen.SirNicholasWintonwasaBritishmanwhowenttoheroicefforts,potentiallyputtinghimselfatrisk,duringWorldWarII.SirWintonwasresponsibleforensuringthesafetyofsixhundredandsixty-nineJewishchildrenbyaidingtheirescapefromcountriesoccupiedbyNazis.Finally,theJewishchildrenwerebroughttoEnglandwhereheworkedtomakesurefamiliesinhisnativecountrywouldhelpthekidsbytakingthemintotheirhomes.Recently,thisunbelievablestoryhasagainbeenmakingtheroundsontheInternet,particularlyafterarerunoftheBBCshowcalled“That’sLife”,whichfeaturedSirWinton.Peoplearoundtheworldweremovedatthedetailsofthestory,withsayingittobethebeststorythey’veeverseen.SirWintonkepthisentireplancompletelysecret,evenhiswifehadnoideaabouthisplanninguntilfiftyyearslater.Afterthewar,yearspassedandmanypeopleremainedinthedarkaboutSirWinton’sextraordinaryachievement.Somefiftyyearslater,hiswifeGretawassearchingintheirhouseanddiscoveredaWinton’snotebookwhichdocumentedthenamesofallthechildren.SheworkedwithBBCandtheyproducedaTVepisode(插曲)oftheirprogram“That’sLife”thatservedasanhonorforSirWinton’swork.In2022,SirWintonwasknightedbytheQueenofEnglandforhiswork.HealsowasevennominatedforaNobelPeacePrize.HealsohadasmallplanetnamedafterhimbyCzechastronomers.SirWintondiedpeacefullyinhissleepattheoldageofonehundredandsix,in2022.Leadersaroundtheworldpaidtribute(悼念).Israel’sambassadortotheUnitedKingdom,DanielTaub,said,“Hewasaheroofourtime,havingsaved669JewishchildrenfromNazis.Hisstory,asapointoflightinaperiodofdarkness,willforeverberemembered.”1.Whathappenedtothe669Jewishchildren?A.TheywerekilledbyNazis.11\nB.Theyreturnedtotheirownhomes.C.Theyfledtotheirnativecountries.D.TheywereraisedbyEnglishfamilies.2.WhatmadeWinton’sstoryspreadwidely?A.People’schattingonline.B.Theprogram“That’sLife”.C.Hiswife’spromotion.D.Praisesfromsomeleaders.3.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedexpression“remainedinthedark’,inParagraph3?A.feltdoubtfulB.remainedmovedC.knewnothingD.criticizedsomething4.WhatdoweknowaboutWinton?A.Hewasbornin1909.B.Nazistriedtoarresthim.C.Henamedasmallplanet.D.Manychildrenpaidtributetohim.【文章大意】文章主要讲述SirNicholasWinton在纳粹期间帮助669个犹太孩子逃到英国的故事。如今而且BBC把这一故事搬上荧幕，让大众知道在黑暗时期还有这样一个英雄给人们带来光明。1.D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Finally,theJewishchildrenwerebroughttoEnglandwhereheworkedtomakesurefamiliesinhisnativecountrywouldhelpthekidsbytakingthemintotheirhomes.”可知，669个犹太人孩子被带到了英国，并由英国家庭收养。故选D。3.C【解析】词义猜测题。根据前面的句意可知，SirNicholasWinton一直对自己的英雄事迹保密，甚至是他的妻子。所以，此处应为不为人们所知道。故选C。4.A【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“SirWintondiedpeacefullyinhissleepat11\ntheoldageofonehundredandsix,in2022.”可知，SirWinton生于1909年。故选A。B(2022·江西九校联考)Sleepinginaroomwithtoomuchlighthasbeenlinkedtoanincreasedriskofpilingonthepounds,astudyshows.AteamattheInstituteofCancerResearchinLondonfoundwomenhadlargerwaistlinesiftheirbedroomwas“lightenoughtoseeacross”atnight.However,theycautionthereisnotenoughevidencetoadvisepeopletobuythickercurtainsorturnofflights.Thewomenwereaskedtoratetheamountoflightintheirbedroomsatnightas：Lightenoughtoread.Lightenoughtoseeacrosstheroom,butnotread.Lightenoughtoseeyourhandinfrontofyou,butnotacrosstheroom.Toodarktoseeyourhandoryouwearamask.Prof.AnthonySwerdlowtoldtheBBC：“Inthisverylargegroupofpeoplethereisanassociationbetweenreportedlightexposureatnightandoverweightandobesity.Butthereisnotsufficientevidencetoknowifmakingyourroomdarkerwouldmakeanydifferencetoyourweight.Theremightbeotherexplanationsfortheassociation,butthefindingsareintriguingenoughtoguaranteefurtherscientificinvestigation.”Thelightisdisruptingthebodyclock,whichstemsfromourevolutionarypastwhenwewereactivewhenitwaslightinthedayandrestingwhenitwasdarkatnight.Lightaltersmood，physicalstrengthandeventhewayweprocessfoodina24hourcycle.Artificiallightisknowntodisruptthebodyclockbydelayingtheproduction11\nofthesleephormonemelatonin.Prof.DerkJanDijksaidtherewouldbenoharmintryingtomakebedroomsdarker.HetoldtheBBC：“Peopleingeneralarenotawareofthelightpresentintheirbedroom.Ithinkpeopleshouldassesstheirbedroomandseehoweasyitwouldbetomakeitdarker.”Streetlights,somealarmclocksandstandbylightsonelectricalequipmentsuchastelevisionscouldlightaroom,hesaid.“Overallthisstudypointstotheimportanceofdarkness，”heconcluded.1．Thepassagemainlytellsus________．A．brightbedroomslinktoobesityB．darkbedroomslinktoobesityC．peopleshouldturnofflightsD．peopleshouldbuythickercurtains2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disrupting”inParagraph4mean?A．Stopping.B．Disturbing.C．Improving.D．Recovering.3．WhatmightParagraph4beusedfor?A．Onepossibleexplanationondisruptingbodyclock.B．Onepossibleexplanationondisruptingmood.C．Onepossibleexplanationondisruptingphysicalstrength.D．Onepossibleexplanationonartificiallight.4．What’sProf.DerkJanDijk’sattitudetowardsthedarkroom?A．Unclear.B．Doubtful.11\nC．Negative.D．Favorable.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了卧室里的亮度对人们健康的影响：过于强烈的光线会影响人体的生物钟，影响人的情绪，还有可能使人肥胖。1．解析：选A。主旨大意题。第一段第一句点明了文章的主题，即有研究表明，在光线太强的房间里睡觉可能会导致体重增加。故选A项。2．解析：选B。词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句中“Thelightisdisruptingthebodyclock”和第二句可知，本段主要讲述的是光线会干扰生物钟，会改变情绪、体力、甚至人体处理食物的方式，由此可推知，画线单词意为“干扰”，与B项disturbing意义接近。故选B项。3．解析：选A。篇章结构题。根据第四段第一句“Thelightisdisruptingthebodyclock...”及最后一句中的“Artificiallightisknowntodisruptthebodyclock”可知，本段主要解释了光线会干扰人体生物钟的可能原因。故选A项。4．解析：选D。观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句中“therewouldbenoharmintryingtomakebedroomsdarker”及最后一句可以看出，DerkJanDijk教授赞成将卧室的亮度调暗。故选D项。CIntheUnitedStatesalone，over100millioncellphonesarethrownawayeachyear.Cellphonesarepartofagrowingmountainofelectronicwastelikecomputersandpersonaldigitalassistants.Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasawhole.Electronicdevicescontainvaluablemetalssuchasgoldandsilver.ASwissstudyreportedthatwhiletheweightofelectronicgoodsrepresentedbypreciousmetalswasrelativelysmallincomparisontototalwaste，theconcentration(含量)ofgoldandotherpreciousmetalswashigherinsocalledewastethaninnaturallyoccurringminerals.Electronicwastesalsocontainmanypoisonousmetals.Evenwhenthemachinesarerecycledandtheharmfulmetalsremoved，therecyclingprocessofteniscarriedoutinpoorcountries，inpracticallyuncontrolledwayswhichallowmanypoisonoussubstancestoescapeintotheenvironment.11\nCreatingproductsoutofrawmaterialscreatesmuchmorewastematerial，upto100timesmore，thanthematerialcontainedinthefinishedproducts.Consideragainthecellphone，andimaginetheminesthatproducedthosemetals，thefactoriesneededtomaketheboxandpackaging(包装)itcamein.Manywastesproducedintheproducingprocessareharmfulaswell.TheU．S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencynotesthatmostwasteisdangerousinthat“theproduction，distribution，anduseofproducts—aswellasmanagementoftheresultingwaste—allresultingreenhousegasrelease.”Individualscanreducetheircontributionbycreatinglesswasteatthestart—forinstance，buyingreusableproductsandrecycling.Inmanycountriestheconceptofextendedproducerresponsibilityisbeingconsideredorhasbeenputinplaceasanincentive(动机)forreducingwaste.Ifproducersarerequiredtotakebackpackagingtheyusetoselltheirproducts，wouldtheyreducethepackaginginthefirstplace?Governments'incentivetorequireproducerstotakeresponsibilityforthepackagingtheyproduceisusuallybasedonmoney.Why，theyask，shouldcitiesortownsberesponsibleforpayingtodealwiththebubblewrap(气泡垫)thatencasedyourtelevision?Fromthegovernments'pointofview，aprimarygoaloflawsrequiringextendedproducerresponsibilityistotransferboththecostsandthephysicalresponsibilityofwastemanagementfromthegovernmentandtaxpayersbacktotheproducers.文章大意：文章主要讲述了电子垃圾的产生、危害以及相关解决措施。1．BymentioningtheSwissstudy，theauthorintendstotellusthat________.A．theweightofegoodsisrathersmallB．ewastedeservestobemadegooduseofC．naturalmineralscontainmorepreciousmetalsD．thepercentageofpreciousmetalsisheavyinewaste答案：B　推断判断题。结合第二段第一句“Electronicdevicescontainvaluablemetalssuchasgoldandsilver.”可知，该段主要讲述电子设备中包含有很多贵重的金属；下文引用瑞士的研究进一步论证电子垃圾中的贵重金属含量比自然矿产中的高。由此可知，作者提及瑞士的研究旨在告诉我们电子垃圾应该得到很好的利用。故正确答案为B。2．Theresponsibilityofewastetreatmentshouldbeextended________.A．fromproducerstogovernmentsB．fromgovernmentstoproducers11\nC．fromindividualstodistributorsD．fromdistributorstogovernments答案：B　细节理解题。结合文章最后一句“...aprimarygoaloflawsrequiringextendedproducerresponsibilityistotransferboththecostsandthephysicalresponsibilityofwastemanagementfromthegovernmentandtaxpayersbacktotheproducers.”可知，电子垃圾的责任应该从政府延伸到生产者。故正确答案为B。3．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Theincreaseinewaste.B．Thecreationofewaste.C．Theseriousnessofewaste.D．Themanagementofewaste.答案：D　主旨大意题。本文从电子垃圾与日俱增这一现象出发，分析了电子垃圾治理的必要性，并对一些国家政府将电子垃圾治理的责任延伸到生产者这一考虑进行评述。由此可知，本文通篇是围绕着电子垃圾治理这一话题展开的。故正确答案为D。D(2022·陕西省质量检测二)Whetheritiselementaryschool,middleschool,orhighschoolintheUnitedStates,therewillalwaysbeanawardsceremonyattheendoftheyear.Thoughitvariesfromschooltoschool,thereareafewthataregivenbymostschoolsacrossthenation.Thefirstoneisgivenfromgrades3to8anditistheHonorRollAward.Inelementaryandmiddleschool,thisawardisusedtorecognizeacademicexcellence.Thisawardisalsoseparatedintotwogroups:AHonorRollandA/BHonorRoll.Itisgivenoutattheendofaschoolyearandstudentswhoreceiveallaveragesofa93orabove(90insomestates)onafinalreportcardreceiveanAHonorRoll,andstudentswithgradesabove85(80insomestates)wouldreceiveanA/BHonorRoll.ItistorewardstudentswhohaveworkedhardandreceivedallA’sorA’sandB’s.Inhighschool,thisischangedabit,butstillcanbeclassifiedasthesame11\ntypeofaward.Thedifferenceisthatinsteadofusingthescale(等级)of100,theyuseagradepointaverage(GPA)basedona4pointscale.TheyrecognizestudentswithahighGPAas“HonorStudents”．Ifthestudentskeepitupforallfouryearsofhighschool,thentheygraduatewithhonors.AnothernotableawardisthePresident’sAwardforEducationalExcellence.ThisisgivenbythePresident’sEducationAwardsProgrameachyeartostudentsallovertheUnitedStates.Thisawardisofferedtoelementaryschool，middleschoolandhighschoolstudents.Tobeeligible(有资格的)forthisaward,middleschoolandelementaryschoolstudentsmustearnanaveragegradeof90oraboveona109pointscale.HighschoolstudentsmusthaveaGPAofatleast3.5.Studentsmustalsohaveahighscoreonastatewideornationalstandardizedtestorhavearecommendationfromateacher.Usuallythisawardisgivenattheendoftheyear.Itisacertificatewithasignaturefromthepresidentalongwithaletterofrecognition.However,manypeopleconfusethePresident’sAwardforEducationalExcellencewithanotheraward,theUSPresidentialScholarsProgram.Eventhoughbothhavetheword“President”inthetitle,theyarecompletelydifferentawards.WherethePresident’sAwardforEducationalExcellenceisrelativelyeasytoachieve,theawardfromthePresidentialScholarsProgramisnot.ToearnthehonorofbeingaPresidentialScholar,astudentmustbeahighschoolseniorlastyearofhighschoolwithoutstandingstandardizedtestscores.1．If,inmostoftheschoolsintheUS,astudentinGrade5wantstogetanAHonorRoll,he/shemustgetallaveragesofa(n)________．11\nA．93B．85C．90D．802．Fromthepassageweknowthatthestudentswho________cangraduatewithhonors.A．keepupthegradesof100inhighschoolformorethanoneyearB．getaveragesof100inhighschoolforallfouryearsofhighschoolC．getahighGPAinhighschoolformorethanoneyearD．arerecognizedas“HonorStudents”forallfouryearsofhighschool3．IfhighschoolstudentsaretowinthePresident’sAwardforEducationalExcellence,whichofthefollowingstatementsshouldbeincluded?A．Anaveragegradeof90oraboveona100pointscale.B．Arecommendationfromateacher.C．AGPAofatleast3.5inanationalstandardizedtest.D．Ahighschoolseniorwithoutstandingstandardizedtestscores.4．Thebesttitleforthispassagemaybe“________”．A．AwardsinelementaryandmiddleschoolsB．AwardsinschoolsoftheUnitedStatesC．HowhighschoolsrewardtheirstudentsD．It’seasytowinawardsinschools【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国学校设置的一些奖项以及获得这些奖项需要满足的条件。1．解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第二段第四句中的“andstudentswhoreceiveallaveragesofa93orabove(90insomestates)．..receiveanAHonor11\nRoll”可知，在美国大多数学校，想要获得AHonorRoll，平均分必须在93分或以上。故答案选A。2．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，如果学生能连续四年获得“优秀学生”的称号，就能带着荣誉毕业。故选D。3．解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第四段第五、六句“HighschoolstudentsmusthaveaGPAofatleast3.5.Studentsmust...havearecommendationfromateacher.”可知，B项为条件之一。4．解析：选B。标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，本文讲述的是美国学校设置的一些奖项以及获得这些奖项需要满足的条件。B项能概括文章内容，适合做标题。故选B。EWehumansaresuperstitious,believingthatFridaythe13thisbadluckandfindingapennyisgoodluck.Here,then,arethreeofthemostcommonsuperstitions.CarefulwiththatmirrorAccordingtofolktales,breakingamirrorissuretobringyourselfsevenyearsofbadluck.Thesuperstitionseemstoarisefromthebeliefthatmirrorsdon'tjustreflectyourimage;theyholdbitsofyoursoul.ThatbeliefledoldAmericanSouthernerstocovermirrorsinahousewhensomeonedied,forfearthattheirsoulmightbetrappedinside.Likethenumberthree,thenumbersevenisoftenassociatedwithluck.Sevenyearsisalongtimetobeunlucky,sopeoplehavecomeupwithsolutionsafterbreakingamirror.Theseincludetouchingapieceofthebrokenmirrortoatombstoneorpowderingthebrokenmirror.KnockonwoodThisphraseisdesignedtobreakawayfrombadluck：“Breakingthatmirrordidn'tbringmeanytrouble.Knockonwood.”ThephrasemaycomefromoldtalesaboutgoodspiritsintreesorfromanassociationwiththeChristiancross.Noumbrellasinside...Andnotjustbecauseyou'llhurtsomeone'seyes.Openinganumbrellaindoorsissupposedtobringbadluck.TheoriginsofthisbeliefvaryfromastoryofanancientwomanwhohappenedtohaveopenedherumbrellamomentsbeforeherhousefelltothetaleofaBritishprincewhoacceptedtwoumbrellasfromavisitingkinganddiedwithinmonths.11\n文章大意：我们人类是非常迷信的生物，相信13号的星期五代表厄运，而捡到一分钱则代表将有好运。这样的事例还有很多。1．Whatmaybringgoodluck？__B__A．DatingonFridaythe13th.B．Knockingonwood.C．Openinganumbrellainside.D．Breakingamirror.解析：细节理解题。由第四段可知，Knockingonwood可以让人转好运。2．Whatshouldyoudotodrivebadluckawayafterbreakingamirror？__D__A．Hidethepiecesforsevenyears.B．Putthepiecesinatombstone.C．Covertheothermirrorsinahouse.D．Makethepiecesintopowder.3．Whichphrasemayoriginate(起源)fromreligion？__B__A．Carefulwiththatmirror.B．Knockonwood.C．Noumbrellasinside.D．Luckynumberseven.解析：推理判断题。由第四段最后一句话“ThephrasemaycomefromoldtalesaboutgoodspiritsintreesorfromanassociationwiththeChristiancross.”可推知，Knockonwood这一短语起源与基督教的十字架有关。11