2022版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练21含解析

2022版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（21）李仕才AYousignedupforsoccer,andplayedeverygameoftheseason.Sure,you’renotthebestplayerontheteam,butmostdaysyougaveityourall.Doyoudeserveatrophy(奖杯)?IfthedecisionisuptoCarolDweck,theanswerwouldlikelybeno.She’sapsychologyprofessoratStanfordUniversity,California.Shesaysaplayerdoesn’thavetobethebesttogetatrophy.Butthosewhoreceiveanawardshouldhavetoworkforit.Shesuggeststrophiesgotothemostimprovedplayer,ortheonewhocontributedmosttotheteamspirit,aswellastothosewhoplaythebest.“Thetrophyhastostandforsomething,”DwecktoldTFK.“Ifwegiveatrophytoeveryone,thentheawardhasnovalue.”Dweckarguesthatgivingkidstrophiesforparticularreasons,suchasimprovinginasport,teacheskidsthatadultsvaluehardworkandtryingourbest.Otherssaythatthere’snoharmingivingawardstoallkidswhoplayasport,regardlessofhowtheyplayedorwhetherornottheyimproved.“Ithinkweshouldencouragekids’participationinsports,”saysKennethBarish,apsychologyprofessoratWeillCornellMedicalCollege,inNewYorkCity.“Atrophyisonewaytoencouragekids’efforts.”Barisharguesthatwhenwesingleoutonlythebestoreventhemostimprovedplayerwithatrophy,weareteachingkidsthewronglesson.Wearesendingthemessagethatwinningiseverything.“Winningisonlypartoftheequation(等式),”BarishtoldTFK.“Playingsportsalsoteacheskidsaboutteamworkandtheimportanceofexercise.” Therewillbeplentyofopportunitiesforkidstolearnaboutcompetitionastheygetolder,saysBarish.They’llsoonrealizethatonlyonesoccerteamwinstheWorld11\nCupandonlyonefootballteamwinstheSuperBowl.Fornow,hethinksthere’snothingwrongwithlettingallkidswhoplayasportfeellikewinners.Thatmeanstrophiesforeveryone.1.AccordingtoCarolDweck,whichplayershouldreceiveatrophy?A.Tony,themostattractiveplayerofthesoccerteam.B.David,asoccerplayerwhoisbothcleverandfunny.C.Peter,whoisreadytohelphispartnerstoscoregoals.D.Jim,asoccerplayerwhotrieshisbesttowinthegame.答案:C解析:推理判断题。根据第二段可知,CarolDweck认为,获奖的运动员未必是最好的。她认为,进步最大的,对团队精神贡献最多的和表现最佳的运动员都应获奖。2.WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldKennethBarishagreewith?A.Thereisnosenseingivingatrophytoeveryone.B.Kidsfondofplayingsportsshouldberewarded.C.Kidsshouldbegiventrophiesfortryingtheirbest.D.It’snecessarytoencouragekids’participationinsports.答案:D解析:细节理解题。根据第五段可知,KennethBarish认为,我们应该鼓励孩子参加体育活动。颁发奖杯是一种激励方式。3.Theunderlinedphrase“singleout”inParagraph6probablymeans“　　　”. A.honourB.chooseC.valueD.stress答案:B解析:词义猜测题。根据第六段可知,Barish认为,当我们挑选出最佳球员或进步最大的球员并授予他们奖杯时,给孩子传递了一个错误信号:获胜就是一切。B(2022·东北三省四市第一次联考)ManyforeignstudentsreportfeelinglonelyorunwelcomeinAustralia.ThosefeelingsareamongthereasonswhyAustraliaistakingacloselookatitsinternational11\neducationindustry.Butwhereverinternationalstudentsgo，makingfriendsmaynotalwaysbeeasy.ElisabethGareisofBaruchCollegeinNewYorksurveyed454internationalstudents.TheywereattendingfouryearcollegesandgraduateschoolsintheAmericanSouthandNortheast.StudentsfromEnglishspeakingcountriesandfromnorthernandcentralEuropeweremorelikelytobehappywiththeirfriendships.But38%oftheinternationalstudentssaidtheyhadnoclosefriendsintheUnitedStates.AndhalfofthestudentsfromEastAsiasaidtheywereunhappywiththenumberofAmericanfriendstheyhad.Thirtypercentsaidtheywishedtheirfriendshipscouldbedeeperandmoremeaningful.ProfessorGareissays，“StudentsfromEastAsiahaveculturesthataredifferentonmanylevelsfromthecultureintheUnitedStates.Therearealsolanguageproblems，andmaybesomesocialskills，suchassmalltalks，whicharepossiblynotasimportantintheirnativecountries，whereit’snotasimportanttostartfriendshipswithsmalltalks.ManyEastAsianstudentsblamedthemselvesfortheirlimitedfriendshipswithAmericans，fornotspeakingthelanguagewellenoughandfornotknowingtheculturewellenough.”VOA’sStudentsUnionbloggerJessicaStahldidherownsurveytofindouthowAmericanstudentsandforeignstudentsrelatetoeachother.Morethan100students，abouthalfofthemAmerican，answeredheronlinequestions.Halfoftheinternationalstudentsand60%oftheAmericanssaidtheyrelatedaswellorbettertotheothergroupthantotheirowngroup.ProfessorGareissays，“Internationalstudentswhomakefriendswithhostnationalsare，overall，moresatisfiedwiththeirstayinthehostcountry.Theyhavebetterlanguageskills，betteracademicperformanceandbetterattitudestowardthehostcountry.”【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，国际留学生交友并非易事。11\n1．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．MakingFriendsIsNotAlwaysEasyforForeignStudentsB．StudentsfromEastAsiaAreNotGoodatMakingFriends　C．InternationalEducationIndustryinAustraliaandAmerica　D．TheRelationbetweenForeignStudentsandHostCountries　解析：选A。标题概括题。根据第一段的“Butwhereverinternationalstudentsgo，makingfriendsmaynotalwaysbeeasy.”可知，本文是围绕着国际留学生不容易交友而进行阐述的。故答案选A。2．ProfessorGareistendstothinkthat________.A．cultureshockshouldbeblamedformanylevelsofAmericancultureB．foreignstudentsdon’tknowsmalltalksmeanalottoAmericansC．foreignstudentsshouldlearnsomebasicsocialskillsfirstofallD．foreignstudentshavedifficultymakingfriendsfordifferentreasons解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，外国学生难交到朋友是因为文化层次不同、语言以及社交技巧等各方面问题造成的。故答案选D。3.HowdidJessicaStahlcarryouthersurvey?A．BydoingquestionnairesfromStudentsUnion.B．ByaskingquestionsontheInternet.C．Byformingthestudentsintogroups.D．BydoingasurveythroughVOA.解析：选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Morethan100students，abouthalfofthemAmerican，answeredheronlinequestions.”可知，她是通过让学生们在网上回答问题而开展调查的。故答案选B。4．Whichofthefollowingstatementswillthewriterprobablyagreewith?A．Internationalstudentsliketomakemorefriendsintheirowngroup.B．Internationalstudentsaremorelikelytoremaininthehostcountryafter11\ngraduation.C．Studentswhomakemorefriendsathomehavebetteracademicperformance.D．Studentswhomakefriendsintheirhostcountriesfeelhappierwiththeirexperience.解析：选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Internationalstudentswhomakefriendswithhostnationalsare，overall，moresatisfiedwiththeirstayinthehostcountry.”可知，那些与东道国学生交友的国际留学生，对自己在东道国的经历更满意。故答案选D。CAfterspending13yearsraisingthreeboys,StephanieConnollywantedtogetbackintotheworkforce,butshewasworriedthathercomputerskillswereobsolete.Notonlywasthelongemploymentbreakaconcern,butshehadneverusedMicrosoftOfficeprograms.HerlastemployerhadonlyusedWordPerfect.Ayearlater,ConnollyissoskilledinWord,Excel,andPowerPointthatsheishelpingothers,andhasjustcompletedafixedamountofworkasateachingassistantinacomputerclass.She'salsoonthejobhunt,armedwithanewresume(简历),interviewskills,andthelatestknowledgeofhowtoconductInternetjobsearches,filloutWebbasedapplications,anduploadresumes.“Icanwalkthroughthedoorsofthecompanyandfeelveryconfident.Thecourseinstructorshavegiventhattome，”saidConnolly,whoowedherdevelopmenttoclassesofferedbytheHarvardAllstonWorkforceDevelopmentCollaboration(HAWDC).Thecollaborationispartofaseriesofprograms,andneighborhoodimprovementsthatbeganwithanagreementreachedbetweenHarvardUniversityandthecityofBostonfiveyearsago.TheagreementgrewoutofdiscussionsbetweentheUniversityandthecityovertheconstructionofHarvard'sscienceComplexinAllston.Althoughtheconstructionpausedin2022,theimplementation(实施)ofthenonconstructionrelatedaspectsoftheagreementhascontinued.11\nWhathasmeanttotheneighborsistheopeningoftheHarvardAllstonEducationPortal,acommunitycenterededucationfacilitythatservesasHarvard'sfrontdoortotheneighborhoodandaccesstocertainUniversityprogramsandfacilities.Informationabouttheagreement'sbenefitstothecommunity,aswellasaboutHarvard'sdeeptieswithCambridgeandBoston,isavailableonthenewcommunityorientedPublicAffairswebsite.1.Theunderlinedword“obsolete”inParagraph1probablymeans“________”.A.outofreach　　　　B.outofdateC.outoforderD.outofdanger2.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeConnolly'sattitudetotheHAWDC?A.Critical.B.Grateful.C.Indifferent.D.Neutral.3.Accordingtothepassage,HarvardAllstonEducationPortal________.A.benefitspeoplelivinginBostonB.raisesmoneyfromthelocalpeopleC.ismerelyaccessibletocollegestudentsD.makespeopleconcernedabouttheenvironment4.InwhichpartofHarvardUniversity'swebsitecanwefindthispassage?A.Multimedia.B.HarvardScience.C.Arts&Culture.D.Campus&Community.1．解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“shehadneverusedMicrosoftOfficeprograms.HerlastemployerhadonlyusedWordPerfect.”可知，她担心她的计算机技能“过时”了。2．解析：选B　态度观点题。根据第三段中的“Icanwalkthroughthedoorsofthecompanyandfeelveryconfident.Thecourseinstructorshavegiventhattome”可知，Connolly因为学习了该项目的课程，变得很自信，可推断她对这一协作项目心存感激。3．解析：选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“theHarvardAllstonEducationPortal,acommunitycenterededucationfacilitythatservesasHarvard'sfrontdoortotheneighborhood”可知，该项目使波士顿当地人受益。11\n4．解析：选D　文章出处题。根据最后一段中的“acommunitycenterededucationfacilitythatservesasHarvard'sfrontdoortotheneighborhood”可知，本文最可能出现在哈佛大学网站中与社区有关的板块里。D(2022·四川成都九中模拟)ChristmasintheUnitedStatesistraditionallyatimeofgiftgivingandfamilygatherings.Butsmalltownsacrossthecountryhavetheirowntraditions.Middleburg，asmalltowninthestateofVirginia，isknownforitshorses.Formorethan50years，MiddleburghasorganizedayearlyChristmasparade(游行)．Menandwomenridehorsesthroughthewoodsandfields.Theyfollowhuntingdogsastheysearchforawildfox.Butfirst，thesehuntersrideintheyearlyparade，wearingtheirbrightredhuntingclothesandhats.JohnHale，acitizenofMiddleburgsaysmanycitypeoplevisithistown.“Wehavealotofpeoplefromanurbanareathatcometovisit，butitincorporatesalotoftheoldtraditions.”Thenighttimehayrideisonesuchtradition.Smallgroupsgatherunderthemoonlightonanopenwagonfilledwithhay.Thepassengerssingasfarmhorsespullthewagonslowlyacrossthefields.Therearesomenewertraditions，too.TreyMatheuworksatthenearbySalamanderResort.HesaysavisittoMiddleburgisachancetoslowdownforaday.HesaysMiddleburgcanbeacalming，peacefulplacewithouttension.“Middleburgisanopportunitytotakeastepback，totakeadeepbreath，andtounderstandthateventhoughlifeismovingonataveryfastpace，there’sreallyanopportunitywhereyou’reallowedtostepoffforalittlebit.”Paradeorganizerssaymorethan13,000peopleattendeveninbelowfreezingweather.Butifyouask，youwillhearmanydifferentreasonswhypeoplecometowatchtheparade：11\n“IcomeherebecauseI’mfromasmalltown.Ilikehoweverybodycomestogether.”“Iliverightdownthatstreet，rightthere.Andthat’smydog.”MiddleburglooksitsbestatChristmastime.Thatmaybewhysomanypeoplereturneachyear.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国小镇Middleburg庆祝圣诞节的独特方式。1．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．MiddleburgChristmasparadeB．AsmalltownknownforhorsesC．ChristmastraditionsinMiddleburgD．NewertraditionsatChristmastime解析：选C。标题概括题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍的是美国小镇Middleburg独特的圣诞节风俗。故答案选C。2．AtChristmas，peopleinMiddleburgusually________.A．visitfriendsandfamiliesB．feedfarmhorseswithhayC．huntfordogsinthewoodsD．rideintheyearlyparade解析：选D。细节理解题。由第二段第二、三句“Formorethan50years，MiddleburghasorganizedayearlyChristmasparade(游行)．Menandwomenridehorsesthroughthewoodsandfields.”可知，Middleburg的人们每年都会举行一次圣诞游行，人们会骑着马从树林和田间穿过。故答案选D。3．AccordingtoTreyMatheu，whydopeoplevisitMiddleburg?A．Torelaxthemselves.B．Toenjoythefreshair.C．Toescapecompetition.11\nD．Tochallengethemselves.解析：选A。推理判断题。由第四段第三、四句“HesaysavisittoMiddleburgisachancetoslowdownforaday.HesaysMiddleburgcanbeacalming，peacefulplacewithouttension.”可推知，TreyMatheu认为Middleburg是一个宁静、平和、没有压力的小镇，在这里人们可以放慢生活脚步，轻松一下。故答案选A。4．WhatdoweknowaboutthesmalltownMiddleburg?A．Itmakesalargeprofitfromtourism.B．Itattractsmanypeopleeachyear.C．Itisagoodplaceforfamilygatherings.D．Itdoesn’trespectChristmastraditions.解析：选B。推理判断题。由第六段第一句“Paradeorganizerssaymorethan13,000peopleattendeveninbelowfreezingweather.”可推知，每年有很多人都会来Middleburg观看圣诞节游行。故答案选B。EOldFossilsScientistshavefoundwhattheythinkisprobablytheoldestfossilonEarth,aremnantoflifefrom3.7billionyearsagowhenEarth’sskieswereorangeanditsoceansgreen.InanewlymeltedpartofGreenland,Australianscientistsfoundtheleftoverstructurefromacommunityofmicrobes（微生物）thatlivedonanancientseafloor.Basedontheiranalysisofthefossils,theresearchersdeterminedthattheyare220millionyearsolderthanthosediscoveredinWesternAustralia,whichwere3.48billionyearsold.Thediscoveryshowslifemayhaveformedquickerandmoreeasilythanoncethought,abouthalfabillionyearsafterEarthformed.Andthatmayalsogivehopeforlifeformingelsewhere,suchasMars,saidstudyco-authorMartinVanKranendonkoftheUniversityofNewSouthWalesanddirectoroftheAustralianCenterforAstrobiology.＂Itgivesusanideahowourplanet11\nevolvedandhowlifegainedafoothold,＂VanKranendonksaid.ScientistshadthoughtitwouldtakeatleasthalfabillionyearsforlifetoformafterthemoltenEarthstartedtocoolabit,butthisshowsitcouldhavehappenedquicker,hesaid.That’sbecausethenewlyfoundfossilisfartoocomplextohavedevelopedsoonaftertheplanet’sfirstlifeforms,hesaid.Inanoutcropofrocksthatusedtobecoveredwithiceandsnowwhichmeltedafteranexceptionallywarmspring,theAustralianteamfoundstromatolites（叠层石）,whicharelayeredstructuresthatareoftenproducedbyacommunityofmicrobes.Thestromatoliteswereabout1to4centimetershigh.＂Itislikethehouseleftbehindmadebythemicrobes,＂VanKranendonksaid.＂Scientistsusedthelayersofashfromvolcanoesandtinyzircon（锆石）withuraniumandestimatedthattheydatebackto3.7billionyearsago.＂Thedatingseemsaboutright,saidAbigailAllwood,aNASAastrobiologistwhofoundthepreviousoldestfossil,from3.48billionyearsago,inAustralia.ButAllwoodsaidsheisnotcompletelyconvincedthatwhatVanKranendonk’steamfoundoncewasalive.Shesaidtheevidencewasn’tconclusiveenoughthatitwaslifeandnotageologicquirk（地质巧合）.＂Itwouldbenicetohavemoreevidence,butintheserocksthat’salottoask,＂Allwoodsaidinanemail.1.Theunderlinedwords＂gainedafoothold＂inParagraph3mean______.A.continuedB.changedC.increasedD.Started2.WecanlearnfromParagraph4______.A.thefossilappearedsoonafterthebirthoftheearthB.thefossilformedsoonaftertheearth’sfirstlifeC.lifeformedearlierthanthenewlyfoundfossilD.lifeappearedabouthalfabillionyearsago3.WhatisAbigailAllwood’sattitudetowardsthenewlyfoundfossil?A.Neutral.B.Sceptical.C.Objective.D.Supportive.4.Accordingtothepassage,______.11\nA.thepreviousfossilsareageologicquirkB.thepreviousfossilsaremadeupofstromatolitesC.thenewlyfoundfossilscomefromWesternAustraliaD.thenewlyfoundfossilshaveahistoryof3.7billionyears【语篇解析】文章介绍科学家发现距今37亿年前的化石。1.D【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章第三段的句子＂Itgivesusanideahowourplanetevolved＂这让我们了解星球是怎么形成的，下文是生命是怎么开始的。可知，＂gainedafoothold＂意为＂开始＂。故选D。3.B【解析】观点态度题。根据文章最后一段的句子＂Shesaidtheevidencewasn’tconclusiveenoughthatitwaslifeandnotageologicquirk(地质巧合).＂可知，AbigailAllwood对于新发现的化石态度是怀疑的。故选B。4.D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段的句子＂remnantoflifefrom3.7billionyearsago＂和第二段的句子＂theresearchersdeterminedthattheyare220millionyearsolderthanthosediscoveredinWesternAustralia,whichwere3.48billionyearsold.＂可知，新发现的化石有37亿年历史。故选D。11