江苏专用2022高考英语二轮增分策略专题四任务型阅读第二节分类突破三概括词汇类优选习题

三、概括词汇类(2022·江苏)AnExtensionoftheHumanBrainOtherpeoplecanhelpuscompensateforourmentalandemotionaldeficiencies(欠缺)，muchasawoodenlegcancompensateforaphysicaldeficiency.Tobeexact，otherpeoplecanextendourintelligenceandhelpusunderstandandadjustouremotions.Whenanotherpersonhelpsusinsuchways，heorsheisparticipatinginwhatI’vecalleda“socialprosthetic(义肢的)system.”Suchsystemsdonotneedtooperateface-to-face，andit’scleartomethattheInternetisexpandingtherangeofmyownsocialprostheticsystems.It’salreadyabigbankofmanyminds.Eveninitscurrentstate，theInternethasextendedmymemoryandjudgment.Regardingmemory:OnceIlookupsomethingontheInternet，Idon’tneedtokeepallthedetailsforfutureuse—Iknowwheretofindthatinformationagainandcanquicklyandeasilydoso.Moregenerally，theInternetfunctionsasifitweremymemory.ThisfunctionoftheInternetisparticularlystrikingwhenI’mwriting;I’mnolongercomfortablewritingifI’mnotconnectedtotheInternet.It’sbecomenaturaltocheckfactsasIwrite，takingaminuteortwotodipinto9\nPubMed，Wikipedia，orotherwebsites.Regardingjudgment:TheInternethasmademesmarterinmatterssmallandlarge.Forexample，whenI’mwritingatextbook，ithasbecomesecondnaturetocheckadozendefinitionsofakeyterm，whichhelpsmedigintothecoreandunderstanditsmeaning.Butmorethanthat，Inowregularlycomparemyviewswiththoseofmanyothers.IfIhavea“newidea，”Inowquicklylooktoseewhethersomebodyelsehasalreadythoughtofit，orsomethingsimilar—andIthencomparewhatIthinkwithwhatothershavethought.Thiscertainlymakesmyownviewsclearer.Moreover，IcanfindoutwhethermyreactionstoaneventarereasonableenoughbyreadingaboutthoseofothersontheInternet.TheseeffectsoftheInternethavebecomeevenmorestrikingsinceI’vebegunusingasmartphone.Inowregularlypulloutmyphonetocheckafact，watchavideo，readweibo.Suchactivitiesfillthespacesthatusedtobedeadtime(suchaswaitingforsomebodytoarriveforalunchmeeting)．Butthat’stheupside(好处)．ThedownsideisthatinthosedeadperiodsIoftenwouldletmythoughtsflowandsometimeswouldhaveanunexpectedinsightoridea.Thoseopportunitiesarenowfewerandfartherbetween.AnExtensionoftheHumanBrainAprostheticnature●The71.Internetcanhelpmakeupforourmentalandemotionaldeficienciesasawoodenlegcancompensateforabodilydeficiency.●It72.participates/joinsinourdailyevents，extendingourintelligence，comprehendingourfeelings，andexpandingtherangeofsocialactivities.Wonderfulaspects:memoryandjudgment●OntheInternet，wecouldquicklyandeasilylocatethedetails，andcheckfacts，without73.keepingtheminmind.●TheInternetmakesussmarterover74.all/different/variouskindsofthings.Itprovidesa9\ndozendefinitionsofakeytermforustofindthe75.heart/coreofthematter.●TheInternetenablesustoexchangeideaswithmanyothersto76.checkourclaims，andto77.judgeouractions.The78.mixed/twosidesofsmartphones●Smartphonesmakeiteasierandmore79.convenienttocheckreality，watchvideoclips，readweibo.●Smartphones80.reducethepossibilityfornewandinsightfulminds，andstealawayourdeadtime.考场思维模式第一步：读表格，填出较简单的概括性词汇题文章标题是“人类大脑的延伸”，然后分为三个部分：假肢给我们带来的好处，网络的优点，智能手机的优点。其中第78题是概括词汇类，78题根据其右表信息和文章的最后两段可知既提到了智能手机的优点也提到了其缺点，所以这是智能手机的正反两方面内容，所以使用形容词“mixed/two”，故第78题填mixed/two。第二步：定位、定词、定性、定形任务型阅读表格高度概括了原文信息，为了节约时间并且提高解题的针对性，先读表格内容，然后在原文中进行定位。定位后进行定词。定词后要定性(如名词、动词、形容词、副词)，最后定形(如单复数、非谓语形式、大小写等)。1．原文词汇类71．答案　Internet解析　根据第一段第四句“Suchsystemsdonotneedtooperateface-to-face，andit’scleartomethattheInternetisexpandingtherangeofmyownsocialprostheticsystems.”可知因特网可以拓宽社会义肢系统的范围，也就是说网络可以弥补我们精神和情感上的缺陷。2．转换词汇类72．答案　participates/joins解析　根据第一段最后两句“It’salreadyabigbankofmanyminds.Eveninitscurrentstate，theInternethasextendedmymemoryand9\njudgment.”可知动词短语“participate/joinin”符合句意。73．答案　keeping解析　根据第二段第一句“OnceIlookupsomethingontheInternet，Idon’tneedtokeepallthedetails...”可知动词短语“keep...inmind记住”，在表格中放在介词without的后面，要使用动名词keeping的形式。74．答案　all/different/various解析　根据第三段第一句“TheInternethasmademesmarterinmatterssmallandlarge.”可知原文中“matterssmallandlarge”就是“all/different/various”的事情。75．答案　heart/core解析　根据第三段第二句“...whichhelpsmedigintothecoreandunderstanditsmeaning”可知网络能让我们找到事物的核心并理解其真正含义。故短语“thecore/heartofthematter”和原文中“digintothecore”语义一致。76．答案　check解析　根据第三段第四句“IfIhavea‘newidea，’Inowquicklylooktoseewhethersomebodyelsehasalreadythoughtofit，orsomethingsimilar—andIthencomparewhatIthinkwithwhatothershavethought.”可知当我们有了新的观点以后，我们会上网检查核对别人是否已经有了同样的观点，并对自己的行动做出判断。表格中check与原文语义一致。79．答案　convenient解析　根据第四段后两句“Inowregularlypulloutmyphonetocheckafact，watchavideo，readweibo.Suchactivitiesfillthespacesthatusedtobedeadtime(suchaswaitingforsomebodytoarriveforalunchmeeting)．”可知我们可以使用智能手机随时查信息，看视频，读微博，使用起来非常方便。所以使用形容词convenient。80．答案　reduce解析　根据文章最后两句“ThedownsideisthatinthosedeadperiodsIoftenwouldletmythoughtsflowandsometimeswouldhaveanunexpectedinsightoridea.Thoseopportunitiesarenowfewerandfartherbetween.”(在过去那些“deadperiods”时，我总会有一些灵光一现的神来之念，但是现在这些时间都被智能手机占用了。这无疑就减少了这些神来之念的可能性。)可知表格中应为“reducethepossibility”。3．概括词汇类9\n77．答案　judge解析　根据第三段最后一句“Moreover，IcanfindoutwhethermyreactionstoaneventarereasonableenoughbyreadingaboutthoseofothersontheInternet.”(而且在网络上阅读其他人的信息，让我判断我的行为是否合理)，所以表格里使用动词judge。第三步：复查并将答案填在答题卡上复查完确认没有修改之后，将试卷上所写答案填在答题卡规定区域，注意要认真书写，不能潦草。典型的任务型阅读题目通常设置分为两栏，左边是文章提纲(passageoutline)，右边是支持性细节或者论据(supportingdetails)。概括词汇类要求能够最大程度地覆盖右栏信息，同时具有简洁性。这就要求考生对全文或段落进行总体语篇把握，通过观察表格的设置特点，从而归纳和概括出所考查的单词。概括词汇要求考生能够准确无误地概括出文章的主题，能够在概括的基础上进行推断、归纳、抽象并提炼出文章主旨或者重要信息，也就是要拥有在语篇结构解读基础上的信息转换能力。考查考生对信息的综合加工和处理能力，其信息既体现在短文阅读中，也体现在表格信息的比较与理解中。具体的解题步骤如下：(1)一审表格结构。注意文章内容脉络，标题和所需的表达类型。(2)二审短文意义。注意文章的段落和表格的匹配性。(3)三审语法运用。注意涉及到的构词法和语法项目。(2022·泰州中学检测)Yourlifeiscomposedofallthelittlethingsweexperienceeveryday，andknowinghowtofindjoyinsomeofthoselittlethingsisoneoftheeasiestwaystolethappinessslowlyfillyourcup.Inorderforthattohappen，youneedtodotwoverysimplethings：putyourselfinsuchsituationsthatyoucanexperiencehappinessthere，andthenfindawaytosavourtheexperienceandletitsinkintoyou.Toputyourselfinthepositionofexperiencinghappinesseveryday，LahnaCatalino，Ph.D，attheUniversityofCalifornia，SanFrancisco，recommendsanapproach9\ncalled“prioritizingpositivity”—organizingyourday-to-daylifeonpurposesothatitcontainssituationswhichnaturallygiverisetopositiveemotions.Itinvolvesbothcarvingouttimeinyourdailyroutinetodothingsthatyoureallyloveandheavilyweighingthepositiveemotionalconsequencesofmajorlifedecisions，liketakinganewjob，andyouwillregularlyfindyourself.Thenhowcanwefindawaytosavourthehappyexperienceandletitsinkintoyou?HereiswhatpsychologistRickHanson，theauthorofBuddha’sBrainexplains.Letagoodfactbecomeagoodexperience.Oftenwegothroughlifeandsomegoodthinghappens—alittlething，likewecheckedoffanitemonourToDolist，wesurvivedanotherdayatwork，theflowersareblooming，andsoforth.Hey，thisisanopportunitytofeelgood.Don’tleavethemoneylyingonthetable：recognizethatthisisanopportunitytoletyourselftrulyfeelgood.Reallyenjoythispositiveexperience.Practicewhatanyschoolteacherknows：ifyouwanttohelppeoplelearnsomething，makeitasintenseaspossible—inthiscase，asfeltinthebodyaspossible—foraslongaspossible.Whensinkingintothisexperience，senseyourintentionthatthisexperienceissinkingintoyou.Sometimespeopledothisthroughvisualization，likebysensingagoldenlightcomingintothemselvesorasoothingbalminsidethemselves.Youmightimagineajewelgoingintothetreasurechestinyourheart—orjustknowthatthisexperienceissinkingintoyou，becomingaresourceyoucantakewithyounomatterwhereyougo.Itmightseemalittleclichetosay“stopandsmelltheroses”，butit’smomentslikethosethatcanbestoredinyourhappinessbankandwithdrawnlater.Livingahappylifecanbeassimpleasacceptingthehappinessthat’salreadyaroundyou.Ifyouwantmore，it’sOKtogooutandachieveit，butdon’tforgetwherehappinessreallycomesfrom.9\nLet71.ComeNaturallywiththe“LittleThings”72.tolethappinesscomeyourway*Putyourselfinsituations73.youexperiencehappiness.*Findawaytosavourtheexperienceandletitsinkintoyou.Giving74.topositivethings*Organizeyoureverydaylife75.toexperiencepositiveemotions.*76.yourtimetodothingsyouloveaswellasheavilyweighingthepositiveemotionalconsequences.Enjoyingtheexperienceandlettingitsinkintoyou*Letagoodfactbecomeagoodexperiencesothatyouhavethe77.tofeelgood.*Reallyenjoythepositiveexperienceaslongaspossible.*Whensinkingintothisexperience，be78.ofyourintentionsothatitbecomesaresourcetotakewithyouwhereveryougo.79.*Happymomentslike“stopandsmelltheroses”are80..*Livingahappylifecanbeassimpleasacceptingthehappinessalreadyaroundyou.语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如何从小事中获取快乐：第一是把自己放入能让自己经历快乐的情景当中；第二是给经历加料，让它和自己合二为一，得到融合。71．答案　Happiness解析　原文词汇题。根据文章首句中的“andknowinghowtofindjoyinsomeofthoselittlethingsisoneoftheeasiestwaystolethappinessslowlyfillyourcup”可知，文章讲述的是用一些小事带来“快乐”。故填Happiness，因为是标题，注意首字母大写。72．答案　How/Ways解析　概括词汇题。根据第一段的“putyourselfinsuchsituationsthatyoucan9\nexperiencehappiness”和“findawaytosavourtheexperienceandletitsinkintoyou”可知，这是带来快乐的两种“方式或途径”。故填How/Ways，注意首字母大写。73．答案　where解析　转换词汇题。分析句子成分可知，youexperiencehappiness是定语从句用来修饰situations，指物作地点状语，故用where来引导。故填where。74．答案　priority解析　转换词汇题。根据原文的“prioritizingpositivity”可知，是“优先考虑”积极方面，注意这里要填名词形式作give的宾语。故填priority。75．答案　purposely/intentionally/deliberately解析　转换词汇题。根据第二段的“organizingyourday-to-daylifeonpurpose”可知，是“故意地”让自己每天的生活充满积极的情绪，修饰动词organize要用副词形式，故把onpurpose转换成purposely/intentionally/deliberately。76．答案　Spare/Squeeze解析　转换词汇题。根据第二段的“Itinvolvesbothcarvingouttimeinyourdailyroutinetodothingsthatyoureallyloveandheavilyweighingthepositiveemotionalconsequencesofmajorlifedecisions”可知，是指“挤出”时间去做自己想做的事。故填Spare/Squeeze。77．答案　chance/opportunity解析　原文词汇题。根据第五段的“thisisanopportunitytofeelgood”可知，要填表示“机会”的词。故填chance/opportunity。78．答案　aware/conscious解析　转换词汇题。根据第八段的“Whensinkingintothisexperience，senseyourintentionthatthisexperienceissinkingintoyou.”可知，是指“意识到或感知”自己的意图，故把动词sense换成短语beaware/consciousof即可。故填aware/conscious。79．答案　Conclusions解析　概括词汇题。根据后面的内容陈述可知，这里是做出的“总结”或得出的“结论”。故填Conclusions。80．答案　memorable/lasting/unforgettable/impressive解析　转换词汇题。根据最后一段的“Itmightseemalittleclichetosay‘stopandsmelltheroses’，butit’smomentslikethosethatcanbestoredinyourhappiness9\nbankandwithdrawnlater”可知，Happymomentslike“stopandsmelltheroses”是“难忘的、持久的或给人印象深刻的”。故填memorable/lasting/unforgettable/impressive。9