江苏省南京市玄武区2022高考英语 暑假基础训练（2）

南京市玄武区2022高考英语（暑假基础训练（2）附答案(******)Manyadultsseeteensasenergetic.Manyofusseeourselvesasproud.Thisthinking__1__manyadultsandustohavetheideathatifwecan'thandleschoolor__2__lifewell，wearejustnottryinghard.Butinmyopinionthatmaynotbe__3__.Earlierthisschoolyear,IwasleavingmyclassoneFriday__4__suddenlyit__5__likeIhadpulledamuscleinmyback.IknewIwasill.AfterafewdaysIstoppedeating.ThismeantIlost__6__；theclothesthatIboughttwoweeksearlierbegan__7__loose.Thistimemyparentsgotscared.__8__，Istartedsleepingless.Myeyelids(眼皮)wereconstantly__9__.Irefusedto__10__thatIwasill.Ikeptmyjobworking25hoursaweekinashop；Ididn't__11__anyclasses.WhenIwashurting,Ididn'tmindandkeptongoing.__12__itkillsyou,itmakesyoustronger,right?ButnowIfindmyselfthinking.Isit__13__it?I'mtakingtheclassesandworkingforthenewspaperbecauseitdoesgood__14__collegeapplications.AndI'mworking25hoursaweeksothat，onceIgetintomydreamschool，Ican__15__it.HereIam,alreadysickfromthe__16__ofworkI'mdoinginandoutofschool.So，whatgoodisa(n)__17__applicationifI'mbadlyill?Whatisthe__18__ofdoingthisworkifIcan'tenjoytheresults?Infact，bywritingmy__19__I'mtellingallthepeoplewho__20__muchaboutthefuturetoworryaboutitnow.为了使自己的大学申请表更具吸引力，作者带病学习、工作。后来作者对这种舍本逐末的做法作出了自我反省。1．A.makesB.forcesC.causesD.intends答案：C。空处动词和后面的带to的不定式构成搭配，由此可排除A，make后要求跟不带to的不定式作宾补；causesb.todosth.“促使某人做某事”，符合语境；尽管force可以构成这种复合结构，但“迫使某人有某种想法”和语境不符合。2．A.stillB.evenC.justD.yet-14-\n答案：B。上文的school与下文的life之间存在递进关系，故选用even。3．A.trueB.realC.wrongD.false答案：A。由下文可知，作者认为这种想法不见得是正确的、符合客观实际的。true表示“符合事实，是真的而不是假的或捏造的”，real表示“人或事物真实存在的，而不是想象的或虚构的”。4．A.whileB.whenC.thenD.how答案：B。语境“我正要离开教室，恰在此时突然感觉像是背部抽筋了。”考查“...bedoingsth....when...”这一典型句式，其中when是并列连词，意为“就在此时(突然)”，故选B。5．A.lookedB.soundedC.appearedD.felt答案：D。“我”突然感觉背上好像抽筋了，feellike固定词组“感觉像，觉得好像是……，想要”。6．A.faceB.hopeC.weightD.direction答案：C。由上文可知，几天不吃饭“体重”当然下降。7．A.hangingB.holdingC.changingD.dressing答案：A。前两周刚买的衣服开始变得宽松。hangloose固定词组，保持镇静、松驰、放松，在此表示衣服宽大、松弛的样子。8．A.InfactB.InadditionC.IndisorderD.Ingeneral答案：B。更糟糕的是，作者开始失眠。根据篇章结构，此处应为表递进关系的短语。inaddition“另外”符合行文逻辑；infact事实上；indisorder混乱；ingeneral通常，一般而言。9．A.lightB.shutC.openD.heavy答案：D。由常识可知，睡得少会感觉眼皮很重，故用heavy。10．A.insistB.determineC.acceptD.consider答案：C。“我”拒绝接受生病的事实，继续长时间地工作和学习。accept接受；insist坚持；determine决定；consider考虑。11．A.loseB.drop-14-\nC.giveD.take答案：B。“我”没有旷过任何课。dropclass“旷课”，符合语境。12．A.UnlessB.IfC.ThoughD.Before答案：A。“我”固执地认为：生活中的磨难如果能置人于死地，它也能使人更坚强。13．A.paidB.similartoC.equaltoD.worth答案：D。但现在“我”在思考，这样做“值得”吗？14．A.atB.toC.onD.with答案：B。“我”如此努力地学习和工作是因为为了让大学申请表看起来更吸引人。dogoodto“对……有利”。15．A.controlB.manageC.supportD.afford答案：D。这样拼命工作，一旦作者上了理想的大学，就能支付得起所需费用。afford“付得起(……费用)”。16．A.amountB.setC.kindD.number答案：A。我现在因病早已不能做校内外的大量的工作。theamountof...意为“……的数量”，这里指“工作的量(大)”，不可数，因此不能用number。17．A.suitableB.impressiveC.believableD.usual答案：B。我病得这么重，申请表再吸引人又有什么用呢？impressive“有吸引力的”，与上文doesgood前后相照应。18．A.reasonB.ideaC.pointD.tip答案：C。如果不能享受结果，“我”做这些工作又有什么意义呢？point意义，道理；reason原因；idea想法；tip末端，建议。19．A.timeB.workC.newspaperD.story答案：D。mystory在此处意为“我的亲身经历”。20．A.thinkB.careC.missD.realize-14-\n答案：B。事实上，通过写“我”的经历，“我”想告诉所有关注未来的人，更应关注现在。**********************************************************结束Ⅰ.单项填空1．(2022·北京四中高三模拟)—Mary，youlookconfused.Haveyoumadesenseofthepassagewearetalkingabout?—Yes，I________anotherproblemjustnow.A．havethoughtof　　　　　B．wasthinkingofC．thoughtofD．hadthoughtof解析：选B。答语句意为：嗯，刚才我正在思考另一个问题。由答句的时间状语justnow可知应用过去进行时，表示“刚才”正在发生的事情。2．(·北京市昌平区高三上学期期末质量抽测)________________________________________________________________________Isawhim，Iknowheismyformerfriend，Henry.A．AsecondB．ThesecondC．ForthesecondD．Inasecond解析：选B。句意：“见到他的那一霎那，我就知道他是我从前的朋友，亨利”。themoment/minute/instant/second等表时间的名词短语可充当连词，引导时间状语从句，故选B。3．Sofarthisyearwe________afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.A．sawB．seeC．hadseenD．haveseen解析：选D。sofar到目前为止，需与现在完成时连用。句意：到今年目前为止我们已经看到房价下跌了5%～10%。4．Theculturalexchangesbetweenthetwocountrieshelpto________theunderstandingandfriendshipbetweenthetwopeoples.A．increaseB．raiseC．addD．promote解析：选D。句意：两国间的文化交流有助于促进两国人民的理解和友谊。increase增长；raise抬升，抬起；add增加，加上；promote促进，促销，提升。5．(2022·福建福州三中模拟)—Peopleshouldstopusingtheircarsandstartusingpublictransport.—Exactly.Theroadsaretoocrowded________.-14-\nA．asitisB．asaresultC．asusualD．aspossible解析：选A。句意：——人们应该停止使用私家车，转而使用公共交通工具。——对极了！现在这个状况，路太拥挤了。asitis意为“照现在这样子，就目前而言”。6．Hikingbyoneselfcanbefunandgoodforhealth.Itmayalsobegoodfor________building.A．respectB．friendshipC．reputationD．character解析：选D。考查名词辨析。根据常识便可知运动既可增强体质也可强健个性，不会增强尊敬或名声，友谊可以增强，但与前面health不搭配，故答案为character。7．Johnhasn’tdonewellinhisstudies，buthistutordidhisbesttopullhim________.A．awayB．downC．throughD．in解析：选C。句意：John学习成绩不好，而他的导师为帮他过关尽了最大努力。pullaway脱身，离开，逃出；pulldown拆毁，摧毁，推翻；pullin(火车)进站，到站，停站；pullthrough“渡过难关”，符合句意。8．Fitnessisimportantinsport,butofatleast________importanceareskills.A．fairB．reasonableC．equalD．proper解析：选C。考查对常用形容词的辨别和应用能力。“butofatleastequalimportanceareskills”应理解成“butskillsareofatleastequalimportance(技术至少同样重要)。9．“Neal，listen，”shesaid，lookingstraightathim.“Iaskyounottoget________inthiskindofmatter.It’snoneofyourbusiness.”A．caughtB．involvedC．attachedD．connected解析：选B。句意：“尼尔，听着”，她直视着他说道：“我请你不要参与这件事，它与你无关。”getinvolvedin意为“涉及，卷入，参与”；getcaughtin指突然遭遇(雨、雪、火灾、地震或交通堵塞等)；attach常用于beattachedto结构，表示“附属于，喜爱某物”；connect常用于beconnectedwith结构，意为“与……有联系，与……有关”。10．—Howwouldyoulikeyourcoffee?—________A．It’swelldone.B．Verynice.Thankyouverymuch.-14-\nC．Onecup.That’senough.D．Thestronger，thebetter.解析：选D。前者询问的是对方想要怎样的咖啡，故答语用D项，表示“越浓越好”较为吻合。11．—Franklinisnotcomingtonight.—Buthe________.A．promisesB．promisedC．willpromiseD．hadpromised解析：选B。现在Franklin不打算来了，但“他答应过要来”应发生在过去，故用一般过去时。12．(2022·福州一中月考)Asweknow，manyEuropeans________thecontinentofAmericainthe16thcentury.A．exploredB．developedC．openedoutD．uncovered解析：选A。explore“探险”，句意：据我们所知，16世纪许多欧洲人到美洲大陆探险。13．(·安徽合肥一中期末)Itseemsasiftheyaregoingto________usalotofmoneyforthepartyhall.A．costB．askC．demandD．charge解析：选D。句意：他们似乎要对宴会厅收取我们很高的费用。cost花费，价钱为，使失去；ask(for)询问，请求；demand强烈要求，需要；charge(for)要价，收费。14．Themanager,knowinghisfactory’sproductswerepoorin________，decidedtogivehisworkersfurthertraining.A．quantityB．amountC．dealD．quality解析：选D。考查名词辨析。句意：经理知道他的工厂生产的产品质量较差，于是决定对工人进行进一步培训。从句意看，产品质量很差符合，故选D。15．Makesurethegasisturnedoffafterabath，whichwould________causedanger.A．somehowB．meanwhileC．otherwiseD．furthermore解析：选C。考查副词辨析。句意为：洗澡后要确保关掉煤气，否则这会产生危险。otherwise否则，要不然。somehow不知何故；meanwhile同时，在此期间；furthermore而且。*****************************************************结束-14-\nWhenIspentChristmasawayfromhomeinEuropeforthefirsttime,Iwasonly14anditwasabsolutelyhorrific.IamnowmarriedandliveintheUS.SothereislittlepossibilityformetogohomeforChristmas.NowIamabletogetthroughChristmaswithsomemomentsofjoy:First,youareadvisedtosearchyouareaforstoresthatcarryitemsfromyourhomecountryortown.Buyfood,candlesandsomeotherthingsthatmeansomethingtoyou.Holdontothetraditionsfromyourhomethatyouthinkareimportantevenifotherpeoplethinktheyarestupid.Butkeepinmindtobeopenfornewtraditionsfromwhereveryoumightbe,becausethosetraditionsareasimportanttothosepeoplearoundyouasyoursaretoyou.FormethatincludescelebratingChristmasonthe24th.Call,writeChristmascards,buygiftsandmailthemtolovedones,justasifyouwerethere.Ifyoutrytopretendasiftheholidaydoesn’texist,youarejustgoingtomakeitworse.Introduceyourtraditionstoyourlovedones,especiallyyourkids.Itwillonlyenrichtheircelebrationoftheholidaytohavesomeuniquetraditionsintheirhome.Littlebylittleitwillbecometheirtraditionandit’sfunforthemtotrysomethingnew.Findclubs,churchesororganizationsthatarefromyourhomecountry.Chancesarethattheywillhavesomecelebrationwithsomeofyourtraditionswhichyoucanjoinin.Foodisoneofthemostimportantfactorsinanykindoftradition.Findtherecipeofthatcakeyourgrandmotherusedandmakeityourtraditiontobakethatparticularcake.Callupyourparentsandgetthemtosendyousomeofyourfavoritechildhoodornaments(装饰品)foryourtree.Embracenewtraditions,talktoyourfamilyaboutwhichonesyouwanttomakeyourownandstickwiththem.-14-\nIfyouarefarawayfromhome,Christmascanneverbethesameasyouexperienceditbefore,butitisimportanttorememberthesetraditionswhileappreciatingthenewones.Keepanopenmindandfindacompromisebetweenoldandnewtraditons.68.Theauthorspenthis14thChristmas___________.A.unpleasantlyintheUSB.joyfullyintheUSC.unpleasantlyinEuropeD.joyfullyinEurope69.Whydoestheauthoradvisepeopletohuntinsomespecialstores?A.Becausepeoplecanbuysomediscountedgoodsthere.B.Becausepeoplecanfeellesshomesickthere.C.Becauseit’sanoldChristmastradition.D.Becausetheyoffergoodsfromthehometownofthepeople.70.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthoragreewith?A.It’sgreatforchildrentohavesomeuniquetraditions.B.PeopleshouldjoininallkindsofclubstocelebrateChristmas.C.Peopleshouldgiveuptraditionswhicharestupidinotherpeople’seyes.D.ItispopulartocelebrateChristmasonthe24tharoundtheworld.71.TheauthorsuggestsgivingacalltoparentsonChristmasmainlyto__________.A.expresslovetothemB.followthetraditionC.askforsomeornamentsD.setanexampleforchildren参考答案CDAC************************************************************结束Fora400-year-oldartform,operahadabadfame:overweightactressessingingthewordswhichwerehardtounderstandinoneofthoseromancelanguagesyouweresupposedtolearninhighschool.Andwithticketscostingasmuchas＄145aperformance,operagoersalsohadacertainappearanceinpeople’smind:rich,-14-\nwell-dressedandold.Butnowoperacompaniesaroundthecountryarelooseningtheirtiesandkickingofftheirshoesinanattempttokeepoperaaliveandtakeittoayoungerandnotsowealthyaudience.Operaproducershavefoundthattoattractthiscrowd,theyneedtoassociateoperawithcommonpeople.Thatmeansnoformalsuits,old-styletheatreorbankbreakingticketprices.Andbecauseyoungpeopledon’torwon’tcometotheopera,companiesarebringingtheoperatothem,givingperformancesinsuchusualplacesasparks,librariesandpublicschools.TheHoustonGrandOpera’schoiceisthepubliclibrary,whereitperforms“mobileoperas”,shortenedversionofchild-friendlyoperas.Thissummer’sproductionisHansel￡Gretel.Byperformingsmallerversionsoflargeproductions,producersareabletomakepeopleinterestedwhilekeepingcostsatareasonablelevel.TheSanFranciscoOpera,whichwillbecelebratingits75thanniversarythisyear,isstagingCinderellafreeofcharge,keepingcostsdownbyemployingstudentsfromitsYoungArtists’TrainingProgram.72.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Operaisfamousforishistory.BOperaisonlyforrichpeople.C.Operacompaniesaretryingtokeepoperasalive.D.Youngpeoplearenotinterestedinoperas.73．TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2mostprobablymeans________.A.breakinguptheoldrulesB.changingthedressesC.makingtheaudienceateaseD.advertisingthemselves74.TheSanFranciscoOperaemploysyoungstudentsinorderto________.A.attractyoungpeopleB.reducethecostC.celebrateits75thanniversaryD.makeCinderellapopular75．Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?A.Theticketsforoperaareveryexpensiveatpresent.B.Operaisperformedinalanguagedifficulttounderstand.C.Operaisnotsopopularanartformtoday.-14-\nA.Studentsenjoyperformingoperasverymuch.参考答案CABC****************************************************************结束WaterPollutionandManWaterpollutionaffectsman’shealth,recreationaluseofwaterandsenseofbeauty.Thespreadofwater-carrieddiseaseisofgreatconcern.Inhighlydevelopedcountriesinparticular,emphasishaschangedfromconcernoverbacterialdiseasetoconcernoverwater-carriedviral(病毒性的)disease.Viralhepatitis(肝炎),forexample,hasbeenfoundtooccurmorefrequentlyincitieswhosewatersupplieshavecomparativelyhighlevelsofwaterimpurity.Poisonouschemicalsfoundinstreamsthatareultimatelyusedforwatersuppliesalsocreateanimportantpublichealthproblem.Itisclearthatpoisonouschemicalsmustbeexcludedfromwater,butmoreandmorechemicalsfromnewpesticides(杀虫剂),fertilizers,andothernewproductshavebeenfoundinwater.Sincethepublichealthimportanceofthesechemicalsisnotyetfullyknown,theyareofincreasingconcern.Thechemicalsfromfertilizersarealsofindingtheirwayintowatersuppliesfrompollution.Asman’sdesireforwater-basedrecreationincreases,greaterdemandsareplacedonthequalityofthewater.Thewatermustnotonlybutbeattractiveinappearancebutalsomeetcertainotherconditions.Sportssuchasswimminginvolvedirectcontactwithwater,andsowaterstandardsareraisedhigher.Therangeofwaterqualitynecessaryforindustrialprocessesvariesgreatlywiththeintendeduseofthewater.Thewaterusedinsteelmills,foeexample,musthavealowerchloride(氧化物)levelthanthatacceptedfordrinkingwater.Coolingwatercanoftenbeofcomparativelylowsanitary(卫生的)quality.Alargepartofthewaterusedinthepaper-makingindustryanbeofrelativelylowqualityinsomeaspects,-14-\nbutmustcontainlittleironandcarbondioxide.67.Thechemicalsfrompesticidesandfertilizersfoundinwaterareofincreasingconcernbecause_________.A.theirimportancetoman’shealthhasnotbeencompletelyknownB.theymaycausegroundwaterpollutionC.theycanfindtheirwayintowatersuppliesforfarmersD.theyareimportantfactorscontributingtothespreadofdisease68.Accordingtothepassage,water-basedrecreationdemandsthat_________.A.ThewatercontainahigherlevelofoxygenB.ThewatercontainlittleironandcarbondioxideC.ThewaterbeattractiveandofhighqualityD.Thewaterstandardsbeappropriateforallsports69.Inthelastparagraph,theauthormentionsallofthefollowinitsfulltext?_________A.waterqualitynecessaryforsteelmillsB.softwaterandhardwaterforindustrialC.coolingwateroflowsanitaryqualityD.waterstandardsforpeoplemills70.Asthepassageisnotcomplete,whatdoyouthinkwouldfollowinitsfulltext?_________A.TherelationshipbetweencarbondioxideandpeoplemakingB.Waterpollution’sdirecteconomiceffectsonman.C.Examplesofcontinuedwaterpollution.D.Man’sviewsonwaterpollutionintermsofbeautyvalues.参考答案67-70ACBD********************************************结束CHICAGO(Reuters)-Smokingnotonlycanwrinkle(起皱纹)thefaceandturnityellow-14-\n--itcandothesametothewholebody,researchersreportedonMonday.Thestudy,publishedintheArchivesofDermatology,showsthatsmokingaffectstheskinalloverthebody--evenskinprotectedfromthesun."Weexaminednon-facialskinthatwasprotectedfromthesun,andfoundthatthetotalnumberofpacksofcigarettessmokedperdayandthetotalyearsapersonhassmokedwerelinkedwiththeamountofskindamageapersonexperienced,"Dr.YolandaHelfrichoftheUniversityofMichigan,wholedthestudy,saidinastatement."Inparticipantsolderthan65years,smokershadsignificantlymorefinewrinklingthannonsmokers.Similarfindingswereseeninparticipantsaged45to65years,"Helfrich'steamaddedintheirreport.Theresearcherstested82people,smokersandnonsmokers,takingpicturesoftheinnerrightarms.Theyrangedinagefrom22to91andhalfweresmokers.Independentjudgesdecidedhowwrinkledeachperson'sskinwas.Whenskinisexposedtosunlight,notably（尤其）theface,itbecomescoarse,wrinkledanddiscoloredwithapaleyellowtint,Helfrich'steamwrote.Severalpreviousstudieshavefoundthatcigarettesmokingcontributestopremature（过早的）skinagingasmeasuredbyfacialwrinkles,thestudysaid,butlittlehasbeendonetomeasuretheagingofskinnotexposedtolight.Thereportdidnotdiscussthemechanisminvolvedbutpreviousresearchhasfoundthatcigarettesmoke,amongotherthings,causesbloodvessels（血管）beneaththeskintoconstrict（紧缩）,reducingbloodsupplytotheskin.Smokingcanalsodamagetheconnectivetissuethatsupportsboththeskinandthe-14-\ninternalorgans.64.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe_______.A.ThedangerofsmokingB.AsurveyofsmokersC.QuitsmokingforhealthD.Smokingcausesskinaging65.Itcanbeinferredfromthestudy_______.A.smokingwon’tmakeskinprotectedfromthesunageB.smokingwilldodamagetoskinratherthanotherorgansC.smokersover65usuallywon’tworryabouttheirskinD.theageofsmokersisnotconnectedwiththeresultofthetest66.Fromthepassagesmokingresultsinskinagingmainlybecause_____.A.itwilllowerbloodsupplytoskinB.itcanmakeyoufeeltiredC.itcanmakeskincomeoffD.itcanmakebloodrunfaster67.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto______.A.informpeopleabouttheresultofthestudy　B.advisepeopletohowtoprotectskinC.warnpeoplenottosmokeagainD.introduceanewwayofavoidskinaging66—70ACDAB*********************************************************结束-14-\n-14-