江苏省南京市秦淮区2022高考英语 暑假作业 基础训练（5）

南京市秦淮区2022高考英语（暑假基础训练（5）附答案Ⅰ.完形填空Therehavebeenmanygreatinventions,thingsthatchangedthewaywelive.Thefirstgreatinventionwasonethatisstillveryimportanttoday－thewheel.Thismadeit__1__tocarryheavythingsandto__2__longdistances.Forhundredsofyearsafterthattherewerefew__3__thathadasmucheffectasthe__4__.Thenintheearly1800’stheworldstartedtochange.Therewaslittle__5__andleftintheworld,peopledidn’thavetoexplore__6__anymore.Theybegantoworkinsteadtomakelifebetter.Inthesecondhalfofthe19th__7__,thereweremanygreatinventions.Thehelicopterin1909.__8__withsoundin1926.Thecomputerin1928,andjetplanesin1930.Thiswasalsoa__9__whenanewmaterialwasfirstmade.Nyloncamein1935.Itchangedthekindofclothespeople__10__.Bythistimemostpeoplehadaverygood__11__.Manhasadesiretoexploreagain.Theworldwasknowntomanbutthestarswerenot.Manbeganlookingfor__12__togointospace.Russiamadethefirst__13__.ThentheUnitedStatestookastep.Sincethenother__14__,includingChinaandJapanmayhavemadetheirstepsintospace.In1969mantookhisbiggeststepfromtheearth.Americansfirst__15__onthemoon.Thisiscertainlyjustabeginningthought.Newinventionswillsomedayallowustodothingswehaveneveryetdreamedof.【文章大意】　发明如何影响了人类的生活.1．A.better　　　　　　B．heavierC．lighterD．easier解析:选D.较容易,较方便.2．A.travelB．goC．runD．fly解析:选A.轮子的发明使得人类可以搬运较重的物品,以及进行长距离的旅行.3．A.discoveriesB．inventionsC．inventorsD．findings解析:选B.指“发明”.4．A.carB．truckC．wheelD．jet10\n解析:选C.数百年过去了,人类世界再也没有出现像轮子一样起到如此重要作用的发明.5．A.unknownB．famousC．understoodD．unexpected解析:选A.世界上的大部分都被人类所认知和了解.6．A.moreB．manyC．fewD．much解析:选D.人类不需要再进行探索和开发；much加强语气.7．A.countryB．periodC．centuryD．age解析:选C.在19世纪后半段出现了许多伟大的发明.8．A.GamesB．MoviesC．EventsD．Sports解析:选B.1926年出现有声电影.9．A.timeB．generationC．eraD．term解析:选A.在这段时间还出现了一种新的材料.10．A.putB．wearC．dressD．have解析:选B.1935年,人类发明了尼龙.它改变了人类衣服的材质.11．A.manB．animalC．personD．life解析:选D.在这段时间,人类过上了很好的生活.12．A.coursesB．waysC．distancesD．means解析:选B.人类开始寻找方法进入太空.13．A.stepB．processC．measureD．procedure解析:选A.俄国首先迈出了第一步.14．A.statesB．nationsC．countriesD．towns解析:选C.接着,中国和日本等国也跨入了这个行列.15．A.ranB．swamC．walkedD．paced解析:选C.1969年,地球上的人类迈出了最重大的一步.美国人首先登上了月球.walkon10\nthemoon漫步月球.*********************************************************结束I.单项选择：（每小题1.5分，满分30分）。从A.BCD四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项1.Ican’tremembermadetheteachergiveMarythepermissiontoleavetheclassearlier.A.thatitwaswhatBwhatitwasthatCwhatwasitthatDthatwasitwhat2.Thisvillageappearstomine,butIamnotwithitatall.Asimilar;familiarBsimilar;similarC.familiar;similarDfamiliar;familiar3.Wecan’tgetthemachinetorun.Theremustbewithit.AsomethingwrongseriousBsomethingseriouslywrongCsomethingseriouswrongDsomethingwrongseriously4.Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,thefactoryproducedin2022astheyearbefore.AasmanymachinestwiceBtwicemanyasmachineCastwicemanymachinesDtwiceasmanymachines.5.---YangYangcarriedoffthefirstwinterOlympicmedalforChina.---Great!Whatshewonforourmotherland!Agolden;honorB.gold;honorC.golden;honorsD.gold;honorable6.IloveinautumnwhentheweatherwasgoodandcoolAitBoneCthatDthis7.OfallthesubjectsIlikehistorybestbecauseitgivesususefulknowledgeofthingsinthepast.Athe,aB/;aCa;theDa;/8.Itisbadforamantosmokeinpublicplaceswheresmokingisnot10\nallowed.AbehaviorsBmannerCmannersDmovement9.Don’tlaughatfailureof,becauseenjoysbeinglaughedat.Aothers;nobodyBtheothers;everyoneCtheothers;anyoneDothers;someone10.Youcanusealargeplasticbottle,cutoff,asapottogrowflowersin.AthetopisBwithitstopCwhosetopCthetopofwhich11.Yourabilityhasneverbeenindoubt---thequestionisyouarepreparedtoworkhard.AthatBwhetherCifDhow12.ZhangHuaiscleverandworkshardathissubjects.ASoisLiMingBSodoesLiMingCItwasthesamewithLiMingDSoitiswithLiMing13.Importanthisdiscoverywas,itwasregardedasamatterofnoaccountinhistime.AwhenBuntilCasDalthough14.Iwassodisappointedtofindmycar.AbreakupBbreakintoCbreakoutDbreakdown15.----DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?---Yes,IgaveittoherIsawher.AwhileBthemomentCsuddenlyDonce16.Heissaidanewcomputerprogramrecently,butIdon’tknowhewillfinishit.AdesignBtobedesignedCtohavedesignedDtohavebeendesigning10\n17.Ifwewanttosucceedwemust_______whatwedoandwhoweare.AbelieveinBbelieveCtrustDbelieveabout18.Whomwouldyourather________thework?AtohavetodoBtohavedoChavetodoDhavedo19.Whenfirst_______tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.AintroducingBintroducedCintroduceDbeingintroduced20.Everyminuteismade_________of__________ourlessonswell.Atouse;studyBuse;studyingCuse;tostudyDused;study参考答案I．BABDBABCABBDCDBDADBC********************************************************结束"Yes,butwhatdidweusetodobeforetherewastelevision?"Howoftenwehearstatementslikethis!Televisionhasn'tbeenwithusallthatlong,butwearealreadybeginningtoforgetwhattheworldwaslikewithoutit.Beforeweadmittedthe"one-eyedmonster"intoourhomes,weneverfounditdifficulttooccupyoursparetime.Weusedtoenjoycivilisedpleasures.Forinstance,weusedtohavehobbies,entertainourfriendsandbeentertainedbythem,gooutsideforouramusements.Weevenusedtoreadbooksandlistentomusicoccasionally.Nowallourfreetimeisregulatedbythe"gogglebox".Werushhomeforourmealstobeintimeforthisorthatprogramme.Asandwichandaglassofbeerwilldo—anything,providingitdoesn'tinterferewiththeprogramme.Themonsterdemandsandobtainsabsolutesilenceandattention.Ifanymemberofthefamilydarestoopenhismouthduringaprogramme,heisquicklysilenced.Wholegenerationsaregrowingupaddictedtothetelevision.Foodisleftuneaten,homeworkundoneandsleepislost.Thetelevisionisauniversalthingthatmakespeoplecalm.Itisnowstandardpracticeformothertokeepthechildrenquiet10\nbyputtingthemintheliving-roomandturningontheset.Itdoesn'tmatterwhatthechildrenwillwatch—solongastheyarequiet.Televisionencouragespassiveenjoyment.Webecomecontentwithsecond-handexperiences.Itissoeasytositinourarmchairswatchingothersworking.Littlebylittle,televisioncutsusofffromtherealworld.Wegetsolazy,wechoosetospendafinedayinsemi-darkness.Televisionmaybeasplendidmediumofcommunication,butitpreventsusfromcommunicatingwitheachother.Weonlybecomeawarehowtotallyirrelevanttelevisionistoreallivingwhenwespendaholidaybytheseaorinthemountains.Inquiet,naturalsurroundings.wequicklydiscoverhowlittlewemisstheKingtelevision.64.Throughthepassage,thewriteraimstotellus________.A.howtelevisionisdamagingourhealth  B.howtokeepawayfromwatchingtelevision  C.thattelevisionisdoingharmtoourlife  D.allofusfinditdifficulttolivewithouttelevision  65.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Second-handexperiencesprovidedbytelevisionareharmful.  B.Wecanenjoyourlifewithouttelevision.  C.Televisionisanecessarywayofcommunication.  D.Televisionisbecomingirreplaceableinourdailylife.  66.What'sthemainreasonforparentstoputthechildrenbeforeatelevisionset?A.Tosavemoretimeforhousework.  B.Tohelpthemsleepearlier.  C.Tokeepthemquiet.  D.Tohelpthemlearnmoreknowledgefromtelevision.  67.Bysaying"weneverfounditdifficulttooccupyoursparetime,"thewritermeans________.A.televisionoccupiestoomuchofoursparetime  B.it'seasyforustofindsomesparetimetoenjoythetelevision  C.wehavelesssparetimeafterwehavetelevision  D.it'sdifficulttospendoursparetimewithoutatelevision  10\nSpecialBridgesHelpAnimalsCrosstheRoad----ReportedbySheilaCarrickWhydidthechickencrosstheroad?Togettotheotherside.Mostpeopleknowthisjoke.Butrecently,somepeoplehavebeenmuchmoreworriedabouthowthegrizzlybear(灰熊)andmountainlioncancrosstheroad."MillionsofanimalsdieeachyearonUSroads,"theFederalHighwayAdministrationreports.Infact，onlyabout80ocelots,anendangeredwildcat,existintheUStoday.Themainreason?Roadkill."Ecopassages"mayhelpanimalscrosstheroadwithoutbeinghitbycars.Theyarepathsbothoverandunderroads."Theseecopassagescanbeextremelyuseful,sothatwildlifecanavoidroadaccidents,"saidJodiHiltyoftheWildlifeProtectionSociety.Butdoanimalsactuallyusetheecopassages?Theanswerisyes.PaulBeierofNorthernArizonaUniversityfoundfootmarksleftbymountainlionsonanecopassagethatwentunderahighway.Thisshowedthatthelionsusedthepassage.Buildersofecopassagestrytomakethemlooklikeanaturalpartofanareabyplantingtreesonandaroundthem.Animalsseemtobecatchingon.Animalsasdifferentassalamanders(火蜥蜴)andgrizzlybearsareusingthebridgesandunderpasses.Thenexttimeyouvisitaparkordrivethroughanareawithalotofwildlife,lookaround.Youmightseeananimaloverpass!68.Thewriterusestheexampleof"ocelots"toshowthat.A.wildanimalshavebecomemoredangerousB.thedrivingconditionshaveimprovedgreatlyC.anincreasingnumberofanimalsarekilledinroadaccidentsD.themeasureforprotectingwildlifefailstowork69.Fromthenewsstory,weknowanecopassageis.A.anundergroundpathforcarsB.afencebuiltforthesafetyoftheareaC.abridgeforanimalstogetoverariverD.apathforanimalstocrosstheroad70.Thewriterasksvisitorsanddriverstolookaroundwhentravelingbecause.A.wildanimalsmayattackcars10\nB.wildanimalsmayjamtheroadC.theymayseewildanimalsonecopassagesD.theymayseewildanimalsinthepark参考答案Ifyouandyourfriendswishtoshareasecret，youcanwriteitincode，andnooneelsewillbeabletoreadit.Codesareonewayofwritinginsecret.Ciphers(暗码)areanother.Inacodeeachwordiswrittenasasecretcodewordoracodenumber.Inaciphereachletterischanged.Codesandciphershaveplayedanimportantroleinthehistoryoftheworld.JuliusCaesar，theRomanrulerwhodefeatedalmostallthecountriesinEuropeabout2,000yearsago，usedacipherwhenhesentsecretmessagestohistroops.DuringtheAmericanRevolution，GeorgeWashington'sspiesusedakindofcodetosendhisinformationabouttheenemybeforehismilitaryaction.InWorldWarⅡ，theAmericans“broke”orfiguredoutJapan'smostimportantnavycodesandgotenoughinformationtodestroyapowerfulJapanesefleet.Storekeepersusecodestomarktheirgoods.Thecodesshowhowmuchispaidforthegoodsorwhentheyareaddedtothestock.Businessmenusecodestohideplansfromtheirbusinessenemies.Sometimespersonallettersordiariesarewrittenincode.Manypeopleenjoyfiguringoutcodesandcipherssimplyasahobby.Storekeepersusecodestomarktheirgoods.Thecodesshowhowmuchispaidforthe10\ngoodsorwhentheyareaddedtothestock.Businessmenusecodestohideplansfromtheirbusinessenemies.Sometimespersonallettersordiariesarewrittenincode.Manypeopleenjoyfiguringoutcodesandcipherssimplyasahobby.Inthe16thcentury，codesandcipherswereverypopularamongscientists.Theywrotemessagestoeachotherincodesothatnooneelsewouldlearntheirsecrets.GeronimoGardano，anItalianastrologer(占星家)，mathematician，anddoctor，inventedthetrelliscipher.Hetooktwosheetsofpaperandcutexactlythesameholesineachone.Thenhesentonesheet，whichhecalledatrellis，toafriendandkepttheotherforhimself.Wheneverhewantedtowriteamessage，heputhistrellisoveracleansheetofpaperandwrotethesecretmessagethroughtheholes.Thereheremovedthetrellisandfilledtherestofthepaperwithwordsthatwouldmakesense.Whenhisfriendreceivedit，heputhistrellisoverthewritingandreadthesecretmessage.56.Thebesttitleofthispassagewouldbe________.A.CodesandciphersB.DifferencesbetweencodesandciphersC.HistoryofcodesandciphersD.Inventorsofcodesandciphers57.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE？A.Cipherscanbebrokenorfiguredoutmoreeasilythancodes.B.YoucouldreadsomewordsinGeronimo'sletterwithouthistrellis.C.ThefirstpersonwhoeverusedacipherinhistorywasJuliusCaesar.10\nD.Fondnessofusingcodeswasthehobbyofthescientistsinthe1600s.58.AccordingtoGeronimoGardano，atrellisis________.A.apieceofpaperwithmanysmallholesB.asecretmessagewithalotofsmallholesC.aletterwithunreadablewordsandsentencesD.asheetofpaperwithgroupsofArabicfigures59.ItisNOTmentionedinthepassagethatcodesandciphersareusedforthepurposeof______.A.militaryaffairsB.commercialsecretsC.scientificachievementsD.personalenjoyment66—70ACDAB********************************************************结束10