湖北省黄冈市2022高考英语一轮 阅读理解精品训练题（18）（含解析）

黄冈市2022高考英语一轮（精品）阅读理解训练题（18）附解析Ifyouwereapilotflyingaplane,andsuddenlytheenginefailed,wouldyoueject(跳出),orstayin?Forapilot,thechoiceisverydifficult.Ifheejects,heissafe,buttheplanecrashes.Ifhestaysintheplane,heriskshislife.Recently,ChineseAirForcepilotLiFeng,38,facedthischoiceduringatrainingexercise.ItwasMarch7andhewasflyingaJian-10(Fighter-10)at4,500meters.Awarningappearedontheplane’scomputerscreen.Herealizedtheplanemightfailatanymoment.LiFengdidaquickcheckoftheengineandaskedthebaseifhecouldreturn.Whenthefighterwas7kmawayfromtheairport,however,theenginestoppedworking.Theplanebegantofallataspeedof25metersasecondatanaltitudeof1,160meters.UnderAirForcerules,fighterpilotsmayejectiftheiraircraftlosesenginepowerbelow2,000metersandcan'tberestarted.BeforeLilostcontactwiththecontroltower,thecommanderintheairbaseaskedhimtoeject.ButLiFenginsistedonhavinganothertry.“Iknewwherethedeadline(togiveuptheaircraft)wasandwaspreparedfortheejection,butIdecidednottogiveupunlessthefighterwastotallyoutofcontrol,”Lirecalled（回忆）duringarecenttelevisioninterview.After104seconds,Liwasabletobringthefightertoasafelanding.Theplaneonlysufferedslightdamage.“Youareahero!Congratulations!”Li'steacher,XuYonglingwroteinatextmessagetohimafterthelanding.HesaidLiwasacool-headedpilotandveryprofessional(专业的).Li'sbraveandcalmactnotonlysavedthe200millionyuanaircraftbutalsogavehiminvaluablefirst-handexperienceofdealingwithanengine-9-\nemergency(紧急情况).Forhisoutstandingperformance,theAirForcerecentlyawardedhimagoldmedal.67.Whentheenginestoppedworking,LiFeng.A.wasflyingaJian-10at4,500metersB.sawawarningappearontheplane'scomputerscreenC.decidednottogiveuptheplaneD.wasaskedtostayin,butheejected68.Whenthefighterplanelosesenginepowerbelow2,000meters.A.pilotsmustrestartitassoonaspossibleB.pilotsshouldrepairitassoonaspossibleC.pilotsmayejectforsafetyD.pilotsshouldbringittoasafelanding69.Accordingtothepassage,whatkindofpersonisLiFeng?A.Heiscool-headed.B.Heisconfident.C.Heisfearlessandcoolunderpressure.D.Alloftheabove.70.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.FlyingtheFighterCorrectlyB.WhentoGiveuptheAircraftC.HowtoDealwithanEngineEmergencyD.BringtheFightertoaSafeLanding**********************************************************结束(2022·山东卷，D)Sincethe1970s,scientistshavebeensearchingforwaystolinkthebrainwithcomputers.Braincomputerinterface(BCI)technologycouldhelppeoplewithdisabilitiessendcommandstomachines.Recently,tworesearchers,JoseMillanandMicheleTavellafromtheFederalPolytechnicSchoolinLausanne,Switzerland,demonstrated(展示)asmallroboticwheelchairdirectedbyaperson'sthoughts.Inthelaboratory,Tavellaoperatedthewheelchairjustbythinkingaboutmoving-9-\nhisleftorrighthand.Hecouldeventalkashewatchedthevehicleandguideditwithhisthoughts.“Ourbrainhasbillionsofnervecells.Thesesendsignalsthroughthespinalcord(脊髓)tothemusclestogiveustheabilitytomove.Butspinalcordinjuriesorotherconditionscanpreventtheseweakelectricalsignalsfromreachingthemuscles，”Tavellasays.“Oursystemallowsdisabledpeopletocommunicatewithexternalworldandalsotocontroldevices.”Theresearchersdesignedaspecialcapfortheuser.Thisheadcoverpicksupthesignalsfromthescalp(头皮)andsendsthemtoacomputer.Thecomputerinterpretsthesignalsandcommandsthemotorizedwheelchair.Thewheelchairalsohastwocamerasthatidentifyobjectsinitspath.Theyhelpthecomputerreacttocommandsfromthebrain.Prof.Millan,theteamleader,saysscientistskeepimprovingthecomputersoftwarethatinterpretsbrainsignalsandturnsthemintosimplecommands.“ThepracticalpossibilitiesthatBCItechnologyofferstodisabledpeoplecanbegroupedintwocategories:communication,andcontrollingdevices.Oneexampleisthiswheelchair.”Hesayshisteamhassettwogoals.Oneistestingwithrealpatients,soastoprovethatthisisatechnologytheycanbenefitfrom.Andtheotheristoguaranteethattheycanusethetechnologyoverlongperiodsoftime.本文讲述了科学家正在寻找把大脑与电脑连系起来的方法，从而帮助残疾人。大脑与电脑连接技术，可以帮助残疾人交流和控制设备装置，如轮椅。12．BCIisatechnologythatcan________.A.helptoupdatecomputersystemsB.linkthehumanbrainwithcomputersC.helpthedisabledtorecoverD.controlaperson'sthoughts答案：B。细节理解题。根据短文第一段可知，科学家寻找把人的大脑与电脑连接起来的方法，这一方法也即：大脑与电脑连接技术，帮助残疾人向机器发送信号，由此可知B项正确。13.HowdidTavellaoperatethewheelchairinthelaboratory?A.Bycontrollinghismuscles.B.Bytalkingtothemachine.C.Bymovinghishand.D.Byusinghismind.答案：D。细节理解题。根据短文第三段可知，Tavella通过思考来推动轮椅，用思想来指导轮椅，故D项正确。14.WhichofthefollowingshowsthepathofthesignalsdescribedinParagraph-9-\n5?A.scalp→computer→cap→wheelchairB.computer→cap→scalp→wheelchairC.scalp→cap→computer→wheelchairD.cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair答案：C。顺序排列题，根据第五段的二、三句话可知，头皮把信号传递给帽子，帽子再把信号传递给电脑，电脑再传译信号，并指令轮椅，由此可知C项正确。15.Theteamwilltestwithrealpatientsto________.A.makeprofitsfromthemB.provethetechnologyusefultothemC.makethemlivelonger2D.learnabouttheirphysicalcondition答案：B。细节理解题。根据短文最后一段第二句话可知，他们用真正的病人做实验，是为了证明这是一项他们能受益的技术，故B项正确。16.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Switzerland,theBCIResearchCenterB.NewFindingsaboutHowtheHumanBrainWorksC.BCICouldMeanMoreFreedomfortheDisabledD.RoboticVehiclesCouldHelptoCureBrainInjuries答案：C。主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了BCI技术能够帮助残疾人，使他们通过思考就能操作一些设备装置，这样他们就有更多的自由，由此可知C项正确。(2022·福建卷，E)Theinternetwillopenupnewvistas(前景)，createtheglobalvillage—youcanmakenewfriendsallaroundtheworld.That，atleast,iswhatitpromisedus.Thedifficultyisthatitdidnottakethehumanmindintoaccount.Therealityisthatwecannotkeeprelationshipwithmorethanalimitednumberofpeople.Nomatterhowhardtheinternettriestoputyouincommunication,itsbesteffortswillbedefeatedbyyourmind.Theproblemistwofold(双重的)．First,thereisalimitonthenumberofpeoplewecanholdinmindandhaveameaningfulrelationshipwith.Thatnumberisabout150andissetbythesizeofourbrain.Second,thequalityofyourrelationshipsdependsontheamountoftimeyouinvest(投入)inthem.Weinvestalotinasmallnumberofpeopleandthendistributewhat'sleftamongasmanyothersaswecan.Theproblemisthatifweinvestlittletimeinaperson,ourengagementwiththatpersonwilldecline(减弱)untileventuallyitdiesinto“someoneIonceknew”．Thisisnot,ofcourse,tosaythattheinternetdoesn'tserveasociallyvaluable-9-\nfunction.Ofcourseitdoes.Butthequestionisnotthatitallowsyoutoincreasethesizeofyoursocialcircletoincludetherestoftheworld,butthatyoucankeepyourrelationshipswithyourexistingfriendsgoingeventhoughyouhavetomovetotheothersideoftheworld.Inonesense,that'sagoodthing.Butitalsohasadisadvantage.Ifyoucontinuetoinvestinyouroldfriendseventhoughyoucannolongerseethem,thencertainlyyouaren'tusingyourtimetomakenewfriendswhereyounowlive.AndIsuspectthatprobablyisn'tthebestuseofyourtime.Meaningfulrelationshipsareaboutbeingabletocommunicatewitheachother,facetoface.Theinternetwillslowdowntheratewithwhichrelationshipsend,butitwon'tstopthathappeningeventually.一般认为网络在让人与人交流方面起到了非常重要的作用。而本文作者对此却持怀疑态度。他认为网络在加强人与人之间的关系方面并没有起到应有的作用。17．Whatisstressedinthefirstparagraph?A．Thepresentsituationoftheinternet.B．Thedifficultyincommunicationontheinternet.C．Thesociallyvaluablefunctionoftheinternet.D．Theroleofthehumanmindintheinternetcommunication.答案：D。主旨大意题。由文章第一段特别是最后一句“Nomatterhowhardtheinternettriestoputyouincommunication，itsbesteffortswillbedefeatedbyyourmind.”可知人类思维在网络交流中起到举足轻重的作用，故D项正确。18．Theunderlinedword“engagement”inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans“______”．A．appointmentB．connectionC．interviewD．agreement答案：B。词义猜测题。句意为：问题是如果我们在一个人身上花很少时间，我们跟这个人的联系将会减弱到“他只是一个曾经认识的人”，因此划线单词意为“联系，交往”。19．Accordingtothepassage,theauthorholdstheviewthat______.A．theinternetfailstoplaysovaluablearoleincommunicationasitpromisedB．theinternetdeterminesthequalityofsocialrelationshipsC．theinternetgreatlyincreasesthesizeofsocialcirclesD．theinternetcommunicationisnolesseffectivethanthefacetofacetalk答案：A。推理判断题。由文章的一些信息“Thisisnot，ofcourse，tosaythattheinternetdoesn'tserveasociallyvaluablefunction.以及Theinternetwillslowdowntheratewithwhichrelationshipsend，butitwon'tstopthathappening-9-\neventually.”等可推知网络在人与人之间的交流上并没有起到应有的作用，故A项正确。20．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheuseoftheinternettostrengthenrelationships?A．Heisuncertainaboutit.B．Heishopefulofit.C．Heapprovesofit.D．Hedoubtsit.答案：D。态度观点题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了网络在人与人之间的交流方面并没有起到应有的作用，因此作者对网络在加强人与人之间关系方面持的是怀疑的态度，D项正确。（二）[2022·银川实验中学月考]CoconutCoconuttreescanbeseenalloverthetropicalcountrieseverywhereintheworld.Coconuttreesneedwarmweatherandproducegreencoconutswhicharefilledwithacolorlesscoconutjuice.Ifthecoconutisfresh,insidearealmostalljuiceandlittleflesh.Coconutmilkiswhiteincolorandisextractedfromcoconut.Greencoconutshavethesizeofasmallball.Theyhavetobeopenedontopwithaknife.Youwillgetthewholecoconutinfrontofyouandyoudrinkthecoconutjuicewithastraw(吸管).Onceyoufinishyoucanasktocutthecoconutinpiecesandeatthefleshinside.DragonfruitDragonfruit'sofficialnameisPitaya.It'sakindoffruitwhichisverytastefuldespiteitsoutsidelooks.Thepinkcoloredskinisnottobeeaten.Cutthefruitinhalfanduseaspoontoeatthegrayishflesh.Theblackseedscanbeeatenbuttheyarenotdigestible.Cempedak(小木菠萝)-9-\nCempedakisanativekindofMalaysianfruit.ThetasteofthefruitissimilartotherelatedJackfruit(波罗蜜)withahintofDurian(榴莲).Asweet,mild,andjuicyfleshsurroundsthepeanutlikeseedsinathicklayer.Theoutercoverofthefruitisslightlysticky.Cempedakcanbeeatenfresh.DurianDurianisoneofthosetropicalfruitsyouloveorhate.Iwasoncetoldthatthesmellofdurianisthe“smellofhell”thoughIcannotcommentonthisasIhaveneverbeentohell!IwasalsotoldthatinmanypartsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandThaihotels,durianisnotevenallowedbecauseofthesmell.However,durianisaverypopulartropicalfruitinMalaysia.Durianiseasytorecognize.Theyarehugegreenbrownishfruits,usuallysoldatmarketsandontheroadside.Itisknownas“theKingofFruit”onthebasisofthefactthatithasmanyvitamins,calcium,ironandotherminerals.20．Whichofthefollowinghastheseedsthatcanbeeaten?A．Coconut.B．Dragonfruit.C．Cempedak.D．Durian.21．Accordingtothepassage,wecanlearnthat________.A．cempedakistheothernameofJackfruitB．thehomeofcempedakisMalaysiaC．cempedakhastheflavorofdurianD．cempedakhasasmoothcover22．InmanyMalaysiaandThaihotels,whyisduriannotevenallowed?A．Becauseitcanmakeeatersaddicted.B．Becausethelocalgovernmentsforbidtheselling.C．Becauseithasasmellyflavor.D．Becauseitcanbeusedasaweapon.-9-\n23．Whyisduriancalled“theKingofFruit”？A．Becauseitcontainsmanyvitaminsandminerals.B．Becauseitlooksstrong.C．Becauseithasastrangeflavor.D．Becauseallthepeoplelikeit.【要点综述】文章向我们介绍了几种水果，以及这些水果的营养价值以及弊端。20．B　细节理解题。分析全文可知，只有火龙果的种子可以吃，只是不易消化。21．B　细节理解题。分析Cempedak部分可知，这种水果原产地是马来西亚。22．C　细节理解题。分析Durian部分可知，榴莲由于具有奇特的臭味，在印度尼西亚，马来西亚和泰国的许多宾馆，这种水果是不允许出售的。23．A　细节理解题。分析Durian部分最后一句可知，榴莲之所以叫“水果之王”，因为它富含维生素，钙，铁等矿物质。*********************************************************结束A(2022·新课标卷，A)WhenmilkarrivedonthedoorstepWhenIwasaboygrowingupinNewJerseyinthe1960s,wehadamilkmandeliveringmilktoourdoorstep.HisnamewasMr.Basille.Heworeawhitecapanddroveawhitetruck.Asa5yearoldboy,Icouldn'ttakemyeyesoffthecoinchangerfixedtohisbelt.Henoticedthisonedayduringadeliveryandgavemeaquarteroutofhiscoinchanger.Ofcourse,hedeliveredmorethanmilk.Therewascheese,eggsandsoon.Ifweneededtochangeourorder,mymotherwouldpenanote—“Pleaseaddabottleofbuttermilknextdelivery”—andplaceitintheboxalongwiththeemptybottles.Andthen,thebuttermilkwouldmagically(魔术般)appear.Allofthiswasaboutmorethanconvenience.Thereexistedacloserelationshipbetweenfamiliesandtheirmilkmen.Mr.Basilleevenhadakeytoourhouse,forthosetimeswhenitwassocoldoutsidethatweputtheboxindoors,sothatthemilkwouldn'tfreeze.AndIrememberMr.Basillefromtimetotimetakingabreakatourkitchentable,havingacupofteaandtellingstoriesabouthisdelivery.Thereissadlynohomemilkdeliverytoday.Bigcompaniesallowedtheproductionofcheapermilk,thusmakingitdifficultformilkmentocompete.Besides,milkis-9-\nforsaleeverywhere,anditmayjustnothavebeenpracticaltohaveadeliveryservice.Recently,anoldmilkboxinthecountrysideIsawbroughtbackmychildhoodmemories.Itookithomeandplanteditonthebackporch(门廊).Everysooftenmyson'sfriendswillaskwhatitis.SoIstarttellingstoriesofmyboyhood,andofthemilkmanwhobroughtusfriendshipalongwithhismilk.本文讲述了自己小时候与送奶人之间的故事。Basille先生不仅是送奶的，而且和他的家人建立了密切的关系。现在大公司开始大量生产奶，到处都有卖奶的，因此不再需要送奶服务，但作者很怀念以前的事情。1．Mr.Basillegavetheboyaquarteroutofhiscoinchanger________.A．toshowhismagicalpowerB．topayforthedeliveryC．tosatisfyhiscuriosityD．topleasehismother答案：C。推理判断题。由短文第一段最后两句话可知：“我一直盯着他腰带上的钱包，当Basille注意到这一点时，从里面拿了一枚硬币给了我”。由此可知，是为了满足我的好奇心。2．Whatcanbeinferredfromthefactthatthemilkmanhadthekeytotheboy'shouse?A．Hewantedtohaveteathere.B．Hewasarespectableperson.C．Hewastreatedasafamilymember.D．Hewasfullytrustedbythefamily.答案：D。推理判断题。由短文第三段可知，我们与送奶人有密切的关系，他有我们家的钥匙，并不时来我们家休息、聊天、讲故事。由此可推断我们一家人非常信任他。3．Whydoeshomemilkdeliverynolongerexist?A．Nobodywantstobeamilkmannow.B．Ithasbeendrivenoutofthemarket.C．Itsserviceisgettingpoor.D．Itisforbiddenbylaw.答案：B。推理判断题。由短文倒数第二段可知，由于大公司生产大量的廉价奶，人们到处都可以买到，不再需要送奶的。由此可知送奶业被挤出的市场。4．Whydidtheauthorbringbackhomeanoldmilkbox?A．Hemissedthegoodolddays.B．Hewantedtotellinterestingstories.C．Heneededitforhismilkbottles.D．Heplantedflowersinit.答案：A。细节理解题。由短文最后一段可知，旧奶箱使他回想起来童年时代的记忆，因此他把这个旧奶箱带回家。由此可知，他想念过去的美好日子。-9-