福建省福州市2022高考英语 2022暑假阅读理解训练（13）

福州市2022高考英语（2022暑假）阅读理解训练（13）及答案解析社会生活型阅读理解(二)(一)Somedayastrangerwillreadyouremailwithoutyourpermissionorscanthewebsitesyou’vevisited.Orperhapssomeonewillcasuallyglancethroughyourcreditcardpurchasesorcellphonebillstofindoutyourshoppingpreferencesorcallinghabits.Infact，it’slikelythatsomeofthesethingshavealreadyhappenedtoyou.Whowouldwatchyouwithoutyourpermission?Itmightbeagirlfriend，amarketingcompany,aboss，apolicemanoracriminal.Whoeveritis，theywillseeyouinawayyouneverintendedtobeseen—the21stcenturyequaltobeingcaughtnaked(裸露的)．Psychologiststellusboundariesarehealthy,thoughit’simportanttoreveal(透露)yourselftofriends，familyandloversinstages，atappropriatetimes.Actuallyfewboundariesremain.Thedigitalbreadcrumbs(面包屑)youleaveeverywheremakeiteasyforstrangerstoreconstructwhoyouare，whereyouareandwhatyoulike.Insomecases，asimpleGooglesearchcanrevealwhatyouthink.Likeitornot，increasinglywe_live_in_a_world_where_you_simply_cannot_keep_a_secret.Thekeyquestionis：Doesthatmatter?FormanyAmericans,theanswerapparentlyis“no”．WhenopinionpollsaskAmericansaboutprivacy,mostsaytheyareconcernedaboutlosingit.Asurveyfoundamajorityofpeoplearepessimisticaboutprivacy,with60percentofrespondentssayingtheyfeeltheirprivacyis“slippingaway,andthatbothersme”．Butpeoplesayonethinganddoanother.OnlyasmallpartofAmericanschangeanybehaviorinanefforttopreservetheirprivacy.Fewpeopleturndownadiscountattollbooths(收费亭)toavoidusingtheEZPasssystemthatcontracts(跟踪)automobilemovements.Andfewturndownsupermarketloyaltycards.PrivacyeconomistAlessandroAcquitshasrunaseriesofteststhatrevealpeoplewillsubmitpersonalinformationlikeSocialSecuritynumbersjusttogettheirhandsonapitiful50centoffcoupon(优惠券)．Butprivacydoesmatter—atleastsometimes.It’slikehealth:whenyouhaveit，youdon’tnoticeit.Onlywhenit’sgonedoyouwishyou’ddonemoretoprotectit.[(　　)1.FromParagraph2，wecaninfer________.A．criminalsareeasilycaughtonthespotwithadvancedtechnology-7-\nB．peopletendtobemorefrankwitheachotherintheinformationageC．inthe21stcenturypeopletryeverymeanstolookintoothers’secretsD．people’spersonalinformationiseasilyaccessedwithouttheirknowledge(　　)2.Whatwouldpsychologistsadviseontherelationshipsbetweenfriends?A．Thereshouldbeadistanceevenbetweenfriends.B．Thereshouldbefewerquarrelsbetweenfriends.C．Friendsshouldalwaysbefaithfultoeachother.D．Friendsshouldopentheirheartstoeachother.(　　)3.Whydoestheauthorsay“weliveinaworldwhereyousimplycannotkeepasecret”？A．Therearealwayspeoplewhoarecuriousaboutother’saffairs.B．Manysearchenginesprofitbyrevealingpeople’sidentities.C．Peopleleavetracesaroundwhenusingmoderntechnology.D．Modernsocietyhasfinallydevelopedintoanopensociety.(　　)4.WhatdomostAmericansdowithregardtoprivacyprotection?A．Theychangebehaviorthatmightdisclosetheiridentity.B．Theytalkalotbuthardlydoanythingaboutit.C．Theyrelymoreandmoreonelectronicequipment.D．Theyusevariousloyaltycardsforbusinessdeals.(　　)5.Accordingtothepassage，privacyislikehealthinthat________.A．itsimportanceisrarelyunderstoodB．itissomethingthatcaneasilybelostC．peoplewillmakeeveryefforttokeepitD．peopledon’ttreasureituntiltheyloseit(一)主要论述在当今信息时代，个人信息因受他人窃取，而影响到私人空间。1．D　推理判断题。第二段提到，有谁会不经过你的许可就会注视着你呢？可能是女朋友、营销公司、老板、警察或者是罪犯。无论他是谁，他们都会以你从来没有意想到的方式看着你。而注视你的人自然能获取你的个人信息，故可推断，人们的个人信息很容易在他们不知晓的情况下被他人获取。故选D。2．A　细节理解题。第三段Psychologiststellusboundariesarehealthy,thoughit’simportanttoreveal(透露)yourselftofriends，familyandloversinstages，atappropriate-7-\ntimes.提到，尽管在适当的时候向朋友、家人或爱人坦诚自己是重要的，但分界线是重要的，即：人与人之间还应该有适当的距离。由此判断选A。其他选项不符合文意。3．C　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，作者认为，与朋友之间应该有适当的距离，但实际上这种距离很少存在。因为你留下的电子面包屑(即电子痕迹)使陌生人很容易窃取你的个人资料。所以作者说，不管你喜欢或不喜欢，我们愈加生活在一个不能保密的世界里，故选C。其他选项不符合文意。4．B　细节理解题。根据WhenopinionpollsaskAmericansaboutprivacy,mostsaytheyareconcernedaboutlosingit.Asurveyfoundamajorityofpeoplearepessimisticaboutprivacy,with60percentofrespondentssayingtheyfeeltheirprivacyis“slippingaway,andthatbothersme”．可知，大多数美国人希望保留私人空间，但根据Butpeoplesayonethinganddoanother.OnlyasmallpartofAmericanschangeanybehaviorinanefforttopreservetheirprivacy.可知，他们对保护私人空间做得少。故选B。5．D　细节理解题。根据最后一段Butprivacydoesmatter—atleastsometimes.It’slikehealth:whenyouhaveit，youdon’tnoticeit.Onlywhenit’sgonedoyouwishyou’ddonemoretoprotectit.可知，私人空间如同健康一样，拥有的时候不注意，失去的时候才觉得珍惜。由此判断选D。******************************************************结束(2022·重庆调研)Earlyonemorningthesubinspectoratastationattheotherendofthetownrangme.Anelephantwasdamagingthetown.WouldIpleasecomeanddosomethingaboutit?IdidnotknowwhatIcoulddo,butIgotontoahorseandstartedout.Itookmygun,maybetoosmalltokillanelephant,butIthoughtthenoisemightscarehim.Variouslocalpeoplestoppedmeonthewayandtoldmeabouttheelephant'sdoings.Itwasnot,ofcourse,awildelephant,butatameone.Ithadbeenchainedupbutlastnightithadbrokenitschainandescaped.Itsowner,hadsetouttorunafterit,buthadtakenthewrongdirection.Hewasnowtwelvehours'journeyaway,andinthemorningtheelephanthadsuddenlyappearedinthetown.Ithadalreadydestroyedsomebody'sbamboohut(棚屋),killedacowandturnedoverfruitstalls.-7-\nIcameroundthehutandsawaman'sdeadbodysprawlinginthemud.HewasanIndian,andhecouldnothavebeendeadmanyminutes.Thepeoplesaidthattheelephantcaughthimwithitstrunk,putitsfootonhisbackandgroundedhimintotheearth.Thiswastherainyseasonandhewaslyingonhisstomachinthesoftmud,the__peacebreakerstandingbeside,lookinginnocent.AsIliftedmygun,Ihesitatedafewseconds.ThenIfired.Thatwasashotthatdidforhim.Youcouldseethepainofitknockthelaststrengthfromhislegs.Butinfallingheseemedforamomenttorise,histrunkreachingskywardlikeatree.Hetrumpeted,forthefirstandonlytime.Andthendownhecame,withacrashthatshooktheground.1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheauthorisTRUE?A.HewasanIndian.B.Heknewelephantswell.C.Hewasnotalocalvillager.D.Hewastheowneroftheelephant.2.Theelephantmadesomuchtroublebecause________.A.itsownertreatedhimcruellyB.itgotoutofcontrolC.ithatedthevillagepeopleD.itwasawildelephant3.Theunderlinedwords“thepeacebreaker”inParagraph4referto________.A.theelephantB.thedeadmanC.theauthorD.thesubinspector4.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorfelt________whenheshottheelephant.A.excitedB.sadC.frightenedD.happy-7-\n答案与解析：1．C　正误判断题。A项错是因为被大象踩死的那个人是印度人；B项错是因为作者根本不了解大象；D项错在作者根本不是大象的主人。从第一段和第二段知，作者是奉命带上枪去制止那头捣乱的大象的，应该是警察，故C项正确，即他不是村民。2．B　推理判断题。从第三段知那头驯养的大象跑了出来，造成了不少麻烦。文章中没有提到A、C项，故只是那头大象失去了控制。3．A　指代题。从画线词thepeacebreaker前后可知，它就是那头捣乱的大象。4．B　推理判断题。从最后一段描述的作者开枪前的犹豫及对大象死前挣扎的描述可知作者是很悲伤的。***********************************************************结束二、夹叙夹议文A(2022·河南部分重点联考)MostAmericanswouldhaveadifficulttimetellingyou,specifically,whatarethevalueswhichAmericansliveby.Theyhavenevergiventhematteranythought.OvertheyearsIhaveintroducedthousandsofinternationalvisitorstolifeintheUnitedStates.ThishascausedmetotrytolookatAmericansthroughtheeyesofforeignvisitors.Iamconfidentthatthevalueslistedinthisbookletdescribemost(butnotall)Americans,andthatunderstandingthesevaluescanhelpyou,theinternationalvisitor,understandAmericans.Itismybeliefthatifforeignvisitorsreallyunderstandhowdeeplythese13valuesareingrainedinAmericans,theywillthenbeabletounderstand95%ofAmericanactions—actionswhichmightotherwiseappear“strange”，“confusing”，or“unbelievable”whenevaluatedfromtheperspective(aspect)oftheforeigner'sownsocietyanditsvalues.Thedifferentbehaviorsofapeopleoraculturemakesenseonlywhenseenthroughthebasicbeliefs,assumptionsandvaluesofthatparticulargroup.Whenyouencounter(meet)anaction,orhearastatementintheUnitedStateswhichsurprisesyou,trytoseeitasanexpressionofoneormoreofthevalueslisted-7-\ninthisbooklet.1.AnordinaryAmericancan'ttellyouhis/hervaluesystembecause________.A.thisissomethinganAmericanlivesbyB.everyonewillhavehis/herownvaluesystemC.he/shehasneverthoughtaboutitD.valuesaresomethingoftenintheirthought2.Theauthorlists13valuesinhisbookletto________.A.inviteforeignerstovisitAmericaB.lookatAmericansthroughtheeyesofforeignvisitorsC.describetheconfusingactionsofmostAmericansD.helpinternationalvisitorsunderstandAmericans3.Theunderlinedword“ingrained”inLine2,Paragraph3mostprobablymeans“________”．A.rootedinthemindsB.foundinthegrainsC.plantedforfoodD.preparedwithgrain4.VisitorssometimesfindAmericansbehaveinastrange,confusingorunbelievableway,probablybecause______.A.AmericansarehardtounderstandB.AmericanshavevalueswhichareentirelydifferentfromtheirownC.theyviewAmericansaccordingtothevaluesintheirownsocietyD.itisdifficulttounderstandanypeoplewhenyoufirstencounterthem答案与解析：-7-\n本文是一本书的序言。作者观察到，很多外国游客对美国人的行为举止觉得很奇怪，而这是因为他们不了解美国人的价值观。于是作者写了一本小册子介绍这些价值观。了解了这些东西，人们就不会觉得美国人的行为“怪异、不可思议”了。1．C　细节理解题。第一段说，美国人很难告诉你他们奉行的价值观是什么，因为他们从来没有想过这个问题。2．D　推理判断题。由第二、三段的内容可知作者列出美国人的13条价值观是为了帮助外国游客理解美国人的行为举止。3．A　词义猜测题。结合上下文内容可知这13条是美国人从来不加考虑而奉行的价值观，因此这些是深深地扎根于美国人的大脑中的东西，画线词的含义应该是A项。4．C　推理判断题。第三段说假如外国游客从自己的文化价值观的角度去看美国人的行为，他们就会觉得美国人的行为表现“怪异，让人看不懂，难以相信”，由此可知选C项。***************************************************************结束-7-