福建省福州市2022高考英语 2022暑假阅读理解训练（19）

福州市2022高考英语（2022暑假）阅读理解训练（19）及答案解析(二)MartinwasreturningtoworkinhisLondonofficeafterspendingtwoweekswithhisbrotherinNewYork.Hewascomingbackwithaheavyheart.Itwasnotjustthatitwastheendofawonderfulholiday;itwasnotjustthatheinvariablysufferedbadlyfromjetlag;itwasthatMondaymorningsalwaysbeganwithateammeetingand,overthemonths,hehadgrowntohatethem.Martinwasawarethatcolleaguesapproachedthesemeetingswithhiddenagendas;theyindulged(纵容)gameplaying;andheknewthatpeoplewerenotbeinghonestandopen.Themeetingsthemselveswerebadenough—therewasallthemoaningafterwardsatthemeetinglike“Icouldhaveimprovedonthatidea,butIwasn’tgoingtosay”.Asthismorning’smeetingbegan,Martinpreparedhimselffortheusualdullnessandboredom.But,asthemeetingprogressed,hebecameawareofastrangebackgroundnoise.Atfirst,hethoughtthathewasstillhearingtheenginenoisefromtheaircraftthathadbroughthimbacktoLondon.But,asheconcentratedonthenoise,itbecamealittleclearer.Herealized—tohisamazement—thathecouldactuallyhearwhattheywerethinkingatthesametimeastheywerespeaking.Whatsurprisedhim,evenmorethantheacquisition(获得)ofthisstrangepower,wasthathediscoveredthatwhatpeopleweresayingwasnotreallywhattheywerethinking.Theywerenotmakingcleartheirreservations.Theywerenotsupportingviewswhichtheythoughtmightbepopular.Theywerenotcontributingtheirnewinsights.Theywerenotvolunteeringtheirnewideas.Martinfounditimpossiblenottorespondtohisnewknowledge.Sohestartedtomakegentleinterventions,basedmoreonwhathecouldhearhiscolleaguesthinkingthanonwhathecouldhearthemsaying.“So,Johnareyoureallysaying…”“Susan,doyoureallythinkthat？”“Tom,haveyougotanideaonhowwecouldtakethisforward？”Theylookedathim,puzzled.Intruth,hefeltratherproudofhis_newlyacquired_talent.Asthemeetingprogressed,itwascleartohimthateachmemberofthemeetingwaslearninghowtohearthethoughtsoftheothers.Thegameplayingstartedtofallaway;peoplestartedtospeakmoredirectly;viewsbecamebetterunderstood;the-6-\natmospherebecamemoreopenandtrusting.Themeetingended.Aspeoplelefttheroom,Martinfoundthathecouldstillhearwhattheywerethinking.“Thatwasthebestmeetingwe’veeverhad.”“Allmeetingsshouldbelikethat.”“Infuture,I’mgoingtosaywhatIthink”.(　　)11.ItisknownfromthefirstparagraphthatMartin________.A．justcamebackfromhisbusinesstripinNewYorkB．wasfoundtosufferfromaseriousheartdiseaseduringthetripC．hadagoodtimeduringhisfortnight’sstayinNewYorkD．didn’tlikehisworkinhisLondonoffice(　　)12.WhydidMartinhatehiscompany’steammeeting?A．BecauseithadtobeheldeveryMondaymorning.B．Becausehewastiredofhostingsuchameeting.C．Becausehecouldn’tcontrolthemeetingthatwasoutoforder.D．Becausethemeetingatmospherewasn’topenandtrusting.(　　)13.Theunderlinedpart“hisnewlyacquiredtalent”inParagraph5meansthathecould________.A．stillheartheenginenoiseoftheplanethoughhewasbackB．clearlyhearwhatthemembersofthemeetingweresayingC．actuallycontrolthethoughtsofthemembersofthemeetingD．expresswhatthemeetingmemberswerethinkingbasedontheirwordsandtheirthoughts(　　)14.WhatdoweknowaboutthisMondaymorning’smeetingfromthepassage?A．Martinmadepeoplesaywhattheywerethinkingimmediatelythemeetingbegan.B．Martinwasangryatthedullnessofthemeetingatthebeginningofthemeetingallthetime.C．Martinledpeopletoexpresstheirrealthoughtswiththemeetingprogressing.D．Manymembersofthemeetingplayedgamesandtoldliesatthemeetingallthetime.(　　)15.ItisinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphsthattowardstheendofthemeetingMartinwouldhearsuchwordsas“________”．A．Iwasthinkingofmakingasuggestion—butIcouldn’tbebotheredB．Ihavegotanideaonhowwecouldtakethisforward.Ithinkweshould…-6-\nC．Theusualpeoplesaytheusualthings,soIhavenoothernewideasD．Icouldhaveimprovedonthatidea,butIwasn’tgoingtosay(二)度假归来，马丁又要组织会议了。他原本准备忍受会议的乏味，但随着会议的进行，他发现自己能根据别人所说的话知道他们心里的真实想法，因此他试着说出他们的真实想法，引导与会人员学着理解他人的想法，并坦诚地说出自己心里的想法。因此，会议成为了一场开诚布公而让人信任的会议。11．C　细节理解题。根据第一段Itwasnotjustthatitwastheendofawonderfulholiday中的awonderfulholiday可判断，他在纽约的两周过得很愉快，由此判断答案选C。12．D　细节理解题。根据第二段可判断，与会人员口是心非，表里不一，这种不公开、不诚实的会风使他厌烦，由此判断正确答案选D。13．D　词义猜测题。第四段提到马丁能根据与会人员所说的话而得知他们心里的真实想法，之后第五段接着说，他说出与会人员的真实想法，使别人都迷惑地看着他，由此判断，“他新获得的能力”即意为：他能根据别人的话说出他们心里的真实想法。14．C　细节理解题。会初，马丁准备着忍受会议的乏味，而后随着会议的进行，他发现自己能根据别人所说的话而得知他们心里的真实想法，对此他做出反应，即试着说出他们心里的真实想法，从而引导人们学会理解他人的想法，并坦诚地说出自己心里的想法。由此判断正确答案选C。***********************************************************结束(2022·海淀期中)Habitsareafunnything.Wereachforthemmindlessly,settingourbrainsonautopilotandrelaxingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffamiliarroutine.“Notchoice,buthabitrulestheunreflectingcreatures.”WilliamWordsworthsaidinthe19thcentury.Intheeverchanging21stcentury,eventheword“habit”carriesanegativemeaning.Soitseemscontradictorytotalkabouthabitsinthesamecontextasinnovation(创新).Butbrainresearchershavediscoveredthatwhenweconsciouslydevelopnewhabits,wecreateparallelpaths,andevenentirelynewbraincells,-6-\nthatcanjumpourtrainsofthoughtontonew,innovativetracks.Ratherthandismissingourselvesasunchangeablecreaturesofhabit,wecaninsteaddirectourownchangebyconsciouslydevelopingnewhabits.Infact,themorenewthingswetry,themorecreativewebecome.Butdon'tbothertryingtokilloffoldhabits;oncethoserutsofprocedurearewornintothebrain,they'retheretostay.Instead,thenewhabitswedeliberatelypressintoourselvescreateparallelpathwaysthatcanbypassthoseoldroads.“Thefirstthingneededforinnovationisattractiontowonder，”saysDawnaMarkova,authorofTheOpenMind.“Butwearetaughtinsteadto‘decide’，justasourpresidentcallshimself‘theDecider’．”Sheadds,“howevertodecideistokilloffallpossibilitiesbutone.Agoodinnovationalthinkerisalwaysexploringthemanyotherpossibilities.”“Allofusworkthroughproblemsinwaysofwhichwe'reunaware，”shesays.Researchersinthelate1960sdiscoveredthathumansarebornwiththeabilitytoapproachchallengesinfourprimaryways:analytically,procedurally,collaboratively(合作地)andinnovatively.Attheendofadolescence,however,thebrainshutsdownhalfofthatability,preservingonlythosewaysofthoughtthathaveseemedmostvaluableduringthefirstdecadeorsooflife.Thecurrentemphasisonstandardizedtestinghighlightsanalysisandprocedure,meaningthatfewofususeourinnovativeandcollaborativewaysofthought.“ThisbreaksthemajorruleintheAmericanbeliefsystemthatanyonecandoanything，”explainsM.J.Ryan,authorofthe2022bookThisYearIWill...andMsMarkova'sbusinesspartner.“That'saliethatwehavepreserved,anditfosterscommonness.Knowingwhatyou'regoodatanddoingevenmoreofitcreateexcellence.”Thisiswheredevelopingnewhabitscomesin.1.Brainresearchershavediscoveredthat________.A.theformingofnewhabitscanbeguidedB.thedevelopmentofhabitscanbepredictedC.theregulationofoldhabitscanbetransformed-6-\nD.thetrackofnewhabitscanbecreatedunconsciously2.Theunderlinedword“ruts”inParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto________.A.zonesB.connectionsC.situationsD.tracks3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsmostprobablyagreeswithDawnaMarkova'sview?A.Decisionmakesnosenseinchoices.B.Curiositymakescreativemindsactive.C.Creativeideasarebornofarelaxingmind.D.Formationofinnovationcomesfromfantasticideas.4.Thepurposeoftheauthorwritingthisarticleistopersuadeus________.A.togiveupourtraditionalhabitsdeliberatelyB.tocreateanddevelopnewhabitsconsciouslyC.toresisttheapplicationofstandardizedtestingD.tobelievethatoldhabitsconflictwithnewhabits答案与解析：1．A　细节理解题。结合文章第二段和第三段可知，新习惯的养成可以通过大脑有意识的指导进行。注意选项中的guide和第三段中的direct是同义词。2．D　词义猜测题。结合文章第四段的第一句话和第二段的最后一句可知，这里指的正是习惯的轨迹，由此可见该词和track同义。3．B　细节理解题。文章第五段引用DawnaMarkova的话中，第一句话Thefirstthingneededforinnovationisattractiontowonder是其观点的概括，由此可以看出B项和其意思相近。4．B　推理判断题。文章通过介绍新的研究发现告诉我们，新的习惯可以通过大脑有意识的指导养成，又告诉了我们如何有意识地养成新的习惯，由此看出，本文的写作目的是想说服我们有意识地养成一些新的好习惯。*****************************************************************结束-6-\n-6-