福建省福州市2022高考英语 2022暑假阅读理解训练（20）

福州市2022高考英语（2022暑假）阅读理解训练（20）及答案解析(二)Fouroutoftenwomenwhodietendupheavierthanwhentheystartedwatchingtheirwaistline(腰围),astudyrevealedtoday.Theresearchalsoshowedthatalargepercentageofwomenstartednoticingthepoundscreepingbackonjust21daysafterreachingtheiridealweight.Yesterday,DrIanCampbelloftheJennyCraigWeightManagementProgramsaid:“IntheUK61.4percentofadultsareoverweightorobese.Successfulweightmanagementrequiresalongtermcommitmentinordertoloseweightsuccessfullyandforgood.Dietingcanbearealchallengesosettingrealisticgoalsandremainingfocusedonthemisimportant.Otherwiseasthisresearchshows,womencouldendupheavierthanwhentheystarted.”The“Food,Body,Mind”reportwaspublicizedbyJennyCraigwhoquizzed2,000womenagedbetween18and65whodietregularlyontheirattitudes,beliefsandbehaviorsaroundweightloss.Sixintensaidtheywereonadietthenandoneinfivewomensaidtheywereona“continuousdiet”．Itfoundthemostcommontriggerstostartdietingwasseeingtheir“reflectioninthemirror”，preparingforasummerholidayorunflatteringphotospostedonsocialnetworkingsites.Otherpopularreasonsincludecommentsbyfriendsorrelativesortheirotherhalf.However,thestudyshowedthatoneintengiveupwithinoneday,whilealmostafifthmanagetomakeittoaweekormore.Theaverageistendays.Manyblamedpressuretheyputonthemselvestoloseweighttooquicklyfortheweightgain,whichleavesthemwithabiggerappetitethannormal.Othersblamedcolleagues,whotuckintofattylunchesandsnacksunawareoftheeffectithasonthedieter,whilemothers’polishingofftheirchildren’sleftovers(剩饭)wasanothercommoncauseofweightgain.(　　)11.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthisarticle?A．ThreereasonstofailindietingB．ImportantthingsforsuccessfuldietC．Obesity—aproblemfor61.4%adultsintheUKD．Fourintenwomengainweightondiets-5-\n(　　)12.Womenwhogoonadiet________.A．arealloverweightorobeseB．arelikelytogainweightagainafterreachingtheiridealweightC．allfailbecausetheyarenotpersistentenoughD．allendupheavierthanwhentheystarttodiet(　　)13.Theunderlinedword“triggers”inParagraph4probablymeans________.A．effects　　　　B．examplesC．causesD．imagination(　　)14.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonthatmanypeoplequitdietingverysoon?A．Thepressuretheyputonthemselvestoloseweightquickly.B．Colleagueswhogivethemfattylunchesandsnacks.C．Reflectionstheyseeinthemirror.D．Leftoversofchildren’stakenbytheirmothers.(　　)15.Inwhichcolumnofthenewspaperdoyouprobablyfindthepassage?A．Health.B．Economy.C．Sports.D．Education.(二)本文为新闻，报道了最新的研究发现：靠节食减肥的女人在停止节食后又会出现增肥的现象。11．D　主旨大意题。本文为新闻，报道最新的研究发现，而该文的导语是第一段第一句，故根据Fouroutoftenwomenwhodietendupheavierthanwhentheystartedwatchingtheirwaistline可知选D。12．B　细节理解题。根据第一段所介绍的研究结果可知，靠节食减肥的女人在达到她们的理想体重以后有可能出现反弹现象，即有可能重新增肥，故选B。13．C　词义猜测题。根据第四段Otherpopularreasonsincludecommentsbyfriendsorrelativesortheirotherhalf可推断画线词即为reasons的近义词，故选C。14．C　细节理解题。此题可采用排除法。A项符合最后一段Manyblamedpressuretheyputonthemselvestoloseweighttooquicklyfortheweightgain,whichleavesthemwithabiggerappetitethannormal；B项符合最后一段Othersblamedcolleagues,whotuckintofattylunchesandsnacksunawareoftheeffectithasonthedieter；D项符合最后一段motherswhopolishofftheirchildren’sleftovers(剩饭)wasanothercommoncauseofweightgain。由此判断余下的C项不符合文意，故选C。15．A　推理判断题。本文的话题是：靠节食减肥的女人在停止节食后又出现增肥现象。此话题属健康范畴，故选A。-5-\n******************************************************结束(2022·银川一中模拟)Timeout,extrachoresandtakingawayprivilegesaremoreusefulformsofdisciplining(惩罚)naughtychildrenthanspankingorhitting,accordingtoastudyonWednesday.About94percentofparentsusesomeformofphysicalpunishmenttoteachtheirtwoyearoldsrightfromwrong,accordingtoresearchstudies.Butpsychologistssayitcouldleadtolateremotionalandbehavioralproblems.Evenchildrenwhowereonlyspankedsomeofthetimearemorelikelytoshowsignsofsadnessorhavelessconfidence.“Thekeyistobefairanddothesamethingeachtime.Doingsomethinglikehittingachildthatseemscruelatbestdoesn'thelpandcanputachildatriskforproblems，”saidDrPaulFrick,oftheUniversityofNewOrleansinLouisians.“Itisbettertouseotherpunishments，”headded.Theuseofphysicalpunishmenttoteachchildrenhaslongbeendebated.IncountriessuchasAustria,Finland,GermanyandSweden,itisillegaltousephysicalpunishmentathomeorinschools.Frickandhisteam,whostudiedtheeffectsofphysicalpunishmenton98children,saidtheycouldn'tfindanypositiveeffects.Somechildrenlearnedmorefromthehittingthanwhattheparentwastryingtoteachthem.“Thekeyistohavealotofdifferentformsofpunishmentdependingontheageofthechild，”saidFrick,whoreportedhisfindingsintheJournalofAppliedChildPsychology.Herecommendedtimeoutforyoungerchildrenandtakingawaytelevisionandelectronictoysforolderchildren.Givingextrachorescanalsogetthemessageacross.Othermeasuresareatleastaseffectiveasphysicalpunishmentandhave-5-\nlessharmfulpotentialconsequences.Theresearcherskeptchildrenwhomtheythoughtwereatriskoflaterconductproblemsoutofthetestandanequalnumberofotherchildrenwhoactedasacontrolgroup,tostudywhatmeasureswouldbemosthelpful.Theyquestionedtheparentsandthechildrenaboutpositiveandnegativeparentingbehaviorincludingtheuseofphysicalpunishment.“Wegotitfrombothviewpoints，”saidFrick.Headdedthatchildrenonthereceivingendofahitcanlearnthatwhentheyareupsetandangrytheyhit,ratherthanunderstandingtheirbehaviorwaswrongandthattheyneedtodobetter.1.What'sthepurposeofthewritertowritethisarticle?A.Todebateifphysicalpunishmentisillegal.B.Tointroducehowtodealwithyoungkids.C.Totalkabouthowtodisciplineyoungkids.D.Toorderparentsnottospankyoungkids.2.WhichofthefollowingpunishmentsisNOTrecommendedbyFrickandhisteam?A.Takingawaytoys.B.NotallowingwatchingTV.C.Doingmorehousework.D.SwitchingTVchannels.3.Whatshouldbekeptinmindwhendiscipliningakid?A.Howheorsheusuallybehaves.B.Tellthemwhytheyarepunished.C.Usedifferentformsofpunishmenteachtime.D.Befairandsticktothesameprinciple.4.Accordingtothepassage,whydidDrFrickadviseagainstphysical-5-\npunishment?A.Becausethechildrenmaytakehittingpeopleasasolutiontoproblems.B.Becausethechildrenwilllearntheirbehavioriswrongintime.C.Becauseitisillegaltousephysicalpunishmentincertaincountries.D.Becauseparentsthinkit'stheeasiestwaytoteachkidsrightfromwrong.答案与解析：对于如何对待犯错的孩子这个问题人们看法不一，然而一项调查表明，比体罚更有效的做法是timeout,extrachores与takingawayprivileges。1．C　推理判断题。结合全文尤其是文章第一段给出的调查结果可知，本文的中心是如何惩罚犯错误的孩子，因此选项C正确。2．D　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第六段中的“Herecommendedtimeoutforyoungerchildrenandtakingawaytelevisionandelectronictoysforolderchildren.Givingextrachorescanalsogetthemessageacross.”可知，转换电视频道不是他们给出的惩罚孩子的建议。3．D　细节理解题。根据文章第四段首句“Thekeyistobefairanddothesamethingeachtime.”可知惩罚孩子时关键要做到公平和原则一致。选项C与本句矛盾。4．A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“...learnthatwhentheyareupsetandangrytheyhit...”可知，体罚会让孩子采用错误的处事方法，即会采用粗暴的方法。**************************************************************结束-5-