福建省福州市2022高考英语 2022暑假阅读理解训练（17）

福州市2022高考英语（2022暑假）阅读理解训练（17）及答案解析(二)Peoplehavebeenactinglikepeople—inotherwords,they’vebeenmakingtools,creatingceremonies,andsharingfood—foralongtime.That’stheconclusionofarecentstudyfromSouthAfrica’ssoutherncoast.There,inacavelyingabovethesea,researchersfromArizonaStateUniversityhavefoundevidencethathumanswerebehavinginsurprisinglycomplexwaysasearlyas164,000yearsago.Ourspecies,Homosapiens,appearedanestimated200,000yearsago.ThecaveheldthreeimportantcluesaboutthebehavioroftheseStoneAgepeople.First,theresearchersfoundtheremainsofallkindsofshellfish.Thepeoplewholivedinthecaveprobablycollectedthesecreaturesfromrockyshoresandtidepoolsandbroughtthemtothecavetoeat.TheresearchersproposetheearlyAfricansmovedtotheSouthAfricancoastbetween195,000and130,000yearsago.Aroundthattime,theclimateinlandturnedrelativelycoldanddry.Therefore,therewerefewerplantsandanimalstoeatawayfromthecoast.Whentheseancientpeoplemovedtothecoast,theyprobablyexperiencedamajorculturalshift,theresearcherssuspect.That’sbecauseobservationsofmodernhuntergatherersocietiessuggestthatmenaremorelikelytohuntforbiganimalswhenpeopleliveinland.Onthecoast,womenplayamoreimportantroleinprovidingfoodbygatheringplantsandshellfish.Asforthesecondclue,theresearchersunearthed57piecesofreddishpigment(颜料).Theresearchersthinkthatthecavehabitantsusedthepaintforcoloringtheirbodiesorforotherceremonies.Symbolicbehaviorisaclearlyhumanfeature.Finally,thesearchdiscoveredover1,800stonetools,includingwellcraftedblades(刀片).Thesebladescameinvarioussizes.Thesmallestwerejustlessthanahalfinchwide.Ancientpeoplemayhaveattachedthesebladestotheendofasticktomakespearsorothertools.(　　)11.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Ancientcavebehavior.B．Newevidenceofancientlife.-7-\nC．Thehistoryofhumanbeings.D．Humanbehavior’sdevelopment.(　　)12.TheearlyAfricansmovedtotheSouthAfricancoastwiththemainpurposeof________.A．avoidingbadlycoldanddryweatherB．seekingtheculturaldevelopmentC．seekingenoughfoodtoliveonD．livinganewerandbetterlife(　　)13.Accordingtothepassage,thecavehabitants________.A．knewhowtousecolorsfordecorationB．madealivinglargelybyhuntinganimalsC．onlycouldmadetoolswithroughbladesD．couldhuntforfishintheseawithships(　　)14.AftertheearlyAfricansmovedtothecoast,whatprobablyhappenedtotheirculture?A．Women’srolewasasimportantasmen’sroleinfamilies.B．Theywerenolongerusedtolivinginlandsbutlivingonthecoast.C．Men’srolewasmoreimportantthanwomen’sroleinearningfood.D．Women’srolewasmoreimportantthanmen’sroleinearningfood.(　　)15.Thenewdiscoveriesinthecaveshouldsupportthetheorythat________.A．modernhumanbehaviordevelopedsmoothlyfastfromtheancienttimeB．modernhumanbehaviordevelopedslowlyfromtheancienttimeC．SouthAfricaisthebirthplaceoftheearliesthumanbeingsintheworldD．modernhumanbehaviorislargelythesameasancienthumanbehavior(二)在南非南部海岸一个洞穴里所发现的古代非洲人的行为说明：人类自古以来一直就像人一样地生活，即一直制造工具，创立仪式和分享食物，最后经过漫长的历史发展到今天。11．A　主旨大意题。文章首先提出：古代人类一直就像人那样地生活，接着指出：在南非南部海岸一个洞穴里发现的古代非洲人的行为线索就说明这一点，之后第三段提出ThecaveheldthreeimportantcluesaboutthebehavioroftheseStoneAgepeople.下文便介绍“Thecavehabitants’behavior”，由此判断全文的主要内容是：Ancientcavebehavior。B项过于抽象，C、D两项与文章内容不符合。12．C　细节理解题。根据第五段Aroundthattime,theclimateinlandturnedrelativelycoldanddry.Therefore,therewerefewerplantsandanimalstoeatawayfromthecoast.可知，古代非洲人是因为内陆气候相对寒冷干燥致使能吃的动植物越来越少才不得不南迁至海岸，由此可知，其南迁的主要目的是为了寻找食物求生存。故选C。-7-\n13．A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Theresearchersthinkthatthecavehabitantsusedthepaintforcoloringtheirbodiesorforotherceremonies.可知，洞穴人会用颜料装饰，故选A。非洲人南迁才成了洞穴人，捕猎是他们南迁成为洞穴人之前的生活方式，故排除B；C项错在“only…roughblades”；D项内容在文中未提到。14．D　细节理解题。根据第六段…menaremorelikelytohuntforbiganimalswhenpeopleliveinland.Onthecoast,womenplayamoreimportantroleinprovidingfoodbygatheringplantsandshellfish.可判断D项正确。15．B　推理判断题。由第一段可知，在南非南部海岸一个洞穴里发现的古代非洲人的行为线索说明了：人类自古以来一直就像人那样地生活，即一直制造工具，创立仪式和分享食物，最后经过漫长的历史发展到今天，即：现代人的行为是从古代逐渐发展而来的，故选B项。********************************************************结束(2022·郑州质检)IntheirbookTimetoEattheDog:TheRealGuidetoSustainableLiving,RobertandBrendaValesaykeepingamediumsizeddoghasthesameecologicalimpactasdriving10,000kmayearina4.6literLandCruiser.“We'renotactuallysayingitistimetoeatthedog.We'rejustsayingthatweneedtothinkaboutandknowtheecologicalimpactofsomeofthethingswedoandthatwetakeforgranted.”Constructinganddrivingthejeepforayearrequires0.41hectaresofland,whilegrowingandmanufacturingadog'sfoodtakesabout0.84hectares—or1.1hectaresinthecaseofalargedogsuchasaGermanshepherd.Convincingflesheatingcatsanddogstogovegetarianforthesakeoftheplanetisanonstarter,theValessay.Insteadtheyrecommendkeeping“greener”，smaller,andmoresustainablepets,suchasgoldfish,chickensorrabbits.Thebook'splayfultitle,andserioussuggestionthatpetanimalsmaybeusefully“recycled”，bybeingeatenbytheirownersorturnedintopetfoodwhentheydie,maynotappealtoanimalfans.-7-\nAnnoyingastheideamaybe,thequestionisvalidgiventheplanet'sgrowingpopulationandlimitedresources,RobertValesaid.“Issuesaboutsustainabilityareincreasinglybecomingthingsthataregoingtorequireustomakechoiceswhichareasdifficultaseatingyourdog.It'snotjustaboutchangingyourlightbulbsortakingaclothbagtothesupermarket，”hesaid.“It'saboutmuchmorechallenginganddifficultissues，”headded.“Onceyouseewherecatsanddogsfitinyouroverallbalanceofthings,youmightdecidetohavethecatbutnotalsotohavethetwocarsandthethreebathroomsandbeameateateryourself.”1.Theauthorsgavetheirbooktheplayfultitleto________.A.makeitamusingB.createavividimageC.showwritingskillsD.arousepeople'sconcern2.InParagraph3thewritermainlywantstotellus________.A.theamountofconsumedlandB.theneglectedecologicalimpactC.somefamiliarexamplesD.someactualfigures3.Whomaynotliketheideaof“recycling”petanimals?A.Manufacturers.B.Drivers.C.Animalfans.D.Theauthorities.4.Whatdotheauthorsthinkoflivingasustainablelife?A.Challenging.B.Inspiring.C.Inviting.D.Touching.答案与解析：-7-\nRobertVale和BrendaVale写了一本名为TimetoEattheDog:TheRealGuidetoSustainableLiving(《该吃狗了：永续生活》)的书，书中提到了一种绝对新鲜的观点——吃掉宠物，或者“回收”宠物。1．D　推理判断题。RobertVale和BrendaVale写的书名非常有趣，从全文可知，他们这样写的目的在于吸引读者的眼球，引起人们环保的意识，所以答案选D项。2．B　推理判断题。通过第三段建造和驾驶吉普车一年需要的土地的量和种植、生产一条狗的食物所需要土地的量的对比，我们不难发现第三段承接第二段第二句而写的，主要告诉我们“被忽视的生态影响”，所以答案选B项。3．C　细节理解题。从第五段的maynotappealtoanimalfans可知，“回收”宠物的观点不受那些宠物爱好者的欢迎，所以答案选C项。4．A　推理判断题。从最后一段中的It'saboutmuchmorechallenginganddifficultissues可以知道，书的两位作者认为过环保的生活是非常有挑战性的，而且也是很困难的事情，所以答案选A项。***************************************************************结束(2022·成都检测)Everyoneknowsthesmartblackandwhitedogthatsitsontopofareddoghousewithhisbestfriend—abirdcalledWoodstock.CreatedbytheAmericancartoonistCharlesSchulzin1950,thecleverdogislovedbygenerationsofkidsandadults.Hespeaksmorethan20languagesandappearsdailyin26,000newspapersaroundtheworld.WhenSnoopyfirstappeared,hewasnotdifferentfromotherpetdogs.Buttwoyearslater,hehadbeguntospeakwithsimplewordsandsounds.By1957hecouldwalkontwolegsandwasgoingtoschoolwithhismaster,CharlieBrown,whofailedinjustabouteverything.Laterhelearnedtousethetypewriter.Snoopyhasdonelotsofjobs.Hehasbeenabowtiewearinglawyer,atennisplayer,anOlympicfigureskater,aworldfamousgrocerycheckoutclerk,apilotandeventhefirstastronautonthemoon.However,Snoopyhasalwaysdreamedofbeingafamouswriter.Thebeginning-7-\nofhisstoryisalways,“Itwasadarkandstormynight...”Unfortunatelyforhimnoonehaseverwantedtopublishthestory.Inlove,SnoopyisasmuchofafailureasCharlieBrownisatbaseball.Heeasilyfallsinlovebutalwayshashisheartbroken.Heeatstoforget,butitneverworks.Snoopyisaninsightful(富有洞察力的),feelgoodandsometimessaddog.Ifyouthinkalittleabouthiswords,youmightfindthemfulloflifelessons.Amonghismostfamouslinesare“Toliveistodance,todanceistolive.”and“YesterdayIwasadog.TodayI'madog.TomorrowI'llprobablystillbeadog.Sigh!There'ssolittlehopeforadvancement”．1.Snoopyhasdoneallthefollowingjobsexcept________.A.alawyerB.aplayerC.aclerkD.awriter2.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat________.A.SnoopyisalwaysasaddogB.SnoopycannotspeakinthebeginningC.SnoopyoftendreamsoftrueloveD.Snoopyisarealsmartpetdog3.ItcanbeinferredthatSnoopy________.A.hasmanybirdfriendsandrelativesB.isawellknownwriterandclerkC.hasbeenunfortunatesinceitwasbornD.isverypopularinthewholeworld4.Theunderlinedword“advancement”probablymeans________.A.successB.progressC.growthD.popularity答案与解析：-7-\n史努比(Snoopy)是美国卡通作家CharlesSchulz创作出来的经典动漫形象。它是一只性格外向的小狗，也是世界上最纯真、聪明的狗狗，它的漫画形象早已风靡世界。1．D　细节理解题。文章第四段中谈到Snoopy曾做过律师、网球手、职员等；第五段中的“However,Snoopyhasalwaysdreamedofbeingafamouswriter.”表明当作家一直是Snoopy的梦想，但未曾实现。2．B　细节理解题。由文章第三段中的“WhenSnoopyfirstappeared,hewasnotdifferentfromotherpetdogs.Buttwoyearslater,hehadbeguntospeakwithsimplewordsandsounds.”可知史努比(Snoopy)最初不会讲话。3．D　推理判断题。由文章第二段内容可知，史努比(Snoopy)风靡世界，很受欢迎。4．B　词义猜测题。文中最后一段中的内容“YesterdayIwasadog.TodayI'madog.TomorrowI'llprobablystillbeadog.”表明advancement意思为“进展，促进，改进”，与选项B(progress)意义相近。***************************************************************结束-7-