2023版高考英语一轮复习15公益事业与志愿服务课时提能练含解析202303172119

课时提能练(十五)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·湖北部分重点中学联考)Agroupofvolunteersjoinedforcestoformahumanchaintofleefourdolphinswhichhadbeenstranded(搁浅)inacanalforfourdays.ThefourdolphinswereseeninthewaterneartheFossilParkneighborhoodinSt.Petersburg,Florida,US,onSunday.ExpertsfromtheFloridaFishandWildiifeConservationCommission(FWC)hadmonitoredthedolphins'activitiesinthepastfewdaysandhopedthattheywouldswimoutwiththetide.Butwhenthedolphinsstruggledtoleavethecanal,thebravevolunteersjoinedmembersoftheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationandtheClearwaterMarineAquariumtoformarescueteamtofreethem.Dozensofpeoplegatheredtotakevideosandpicturesofthekindact.Ateamof14volunteersheldhandstoactasablocktoguidethedolphinsoutofthenarrowchannel.TheyshoutedandpattedthewaterwiththeirhandstodirectthedolphinstovastexpansesofRivieraBay.Dolphinsfindtheirwayinthewaterthroughecholocation(回声定位)．Thatmeansthattheycanrecognizetheechoesofsoundwavesthatbounceoffobjectstofindtheirwayaround.AndyGarrett,abiologistoftheFWCsaid，“Wewereabletokeepthatchaintogether.Thedolphinswereinterested.Theyactuallycameoverrightaway.”Headdedthatwhentheteamreachedabridge,thedolphinsappearedabitnervousandstarteddoingsomespins.“Theymadeonerealhardpassatourteamandthenwentunderthebridgeandtookoff，”Garrettsaid.Theoperationlastedabout45minutesandtherescueteamdidnotusenetsoranyitemsthatcouldstressthedolphins.【语篇解读】　本文主要讲的是志愿者帮助解救被困在运河里的四只海豚的故事。1．WhatcanweknowaboutthedolphinsfromParagraph1?A．Theyformedachaintoprotectthemselves.B．TheylivedinthewaterneartheFossilPark.C．Theywereobservedinsecretbyvolunteers.D．Theywereforcedtostayinacanalforfourdays.D　[细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“fourdolphinswhichhadbeenstranded(搁浅)inacanalforfourdays”可知，D项正确。]2．Whydidvolunteersshoutandpatthewater?A．Tomakesoundstoattractsomepeople.B．ToguidethedolphinsouttoRivieraBay.\nC．Tocelebratethesuccessofsavingdolphins.D．Totestthedifferentreactionsofthedolphins.B　[细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Theyshoutedandpatted...todirectthedolphinstovastexpansesofRivieraBay”可知，志愿者们喊叫、拍打水面是为了引导海豚前往里维埃海湾，故B项正确。]3．Whatwordscouldbestdescribethevolunteers?A．Braveandcaring.B．Cautiousandhumorous.C．Smartandambitious.D．Optimisticandenergetic.A　[细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话中的“thebravevolunteers”，并结合文章讲述的志愿者帮助解救被困在运河里的海豚的故事可知，志愿者们是勇敢且乐于助人的，故A项正确。]4．What'sthemainideaofthetext?A．Dolphinsswamtothecanaltohuntforfood.B．RescuersformedahumanchaintosavedolphinsC．Volunteershelpedfourdolphinsfindtheirwayhome.D．Expertsstudiedthewaysofdolphins'findingdirections.B　[主旨大意题。本文讲述志愿者帮助解救被困在运河里的四只海豚的故事，故B项正确。]B(2020·合肥市教学质量检测)SharonOkpoehaslivedherentire17yearsinMakoko，knownastheworld'slargest“floatingslum(贫民窟)”，builtonalakeinLagos，Nigeria.Okpoe'sfatherisafisherman，andhermothersellssmokedfish.Asmanyastwothirdsofthecity's21millionresidentsliveinslums.“Mostgirlsaretrappedinaterriblecycleofpoverty.Manyofthemarenotthinkingofeducation，aplanforthefuture，”AbisoyeAjayiAkinfolarin，acomputerprogrammerinLagos，recalled.Butseveraltimesaweek，girlslikeOkpoegetaglimpseofanotherworldwhentheyattendGirlsCoding，afreeprogramrunbythePearlsAfricaFoundationthatseekstoeducateandexcitegirlsaboutcomputerprogramming.Since2012，thegrouphashelpedmorethan400disadvantagedgirlsgainthetechnicalskillsandconfidencetheyneedtotransformtheirlives.It'sthevisionofAjayiAkinfolarin，wholeftasuccessfulcareertodevoteherselftothiswork.She'dnoticedhowfewwomenworkedinthisgrowingfield—a\n2013governmentsurveyfoundthatlessthan8%ofNigerianwomenwereemployedintechnologyjobs.Shewantedtofixthegendergap.“Technologyisaspacethat'sdominatedbymen.Whyshouldweleavethattoguys？”shesaid.“Ibelievegirlsneedopportunities.”Now，dozensofgirlsaged10to17gettrainedincomputerprogrammingtechnology.“Ibelieveyoucanstillfinddiamondsintheseplaces，”AjayiAkinfolarinsaid.“Theyneedtobeshownanotherlife.”Onewayherprogramdoesthisisbytakingthestudentstovisittechnologycompanies—notonlyshowingthemwhattechnologycando，butalsohelpingthemvisualizethemselvesjoiningtheindustry.Okpoe，forone，hastakenthistoheart.ShehelpedcreateanappcalledMakokoFresh，enablingfishermenlikeherfathertosellseafooddirectlytocustomers.SheevenwantstobecomeasoftwareengineerandhopestostudycomputerscienceatHarvard.“OnethingIwantmygirlstoholdontoisthat，regardlessofwheretheyarecomingfrom，theycanmakeit，”AjayiAkinfolarinsaid.“Theyarecoders.Theyarethinkers.Theirfutureisbright.”【语篇解读】　本文介绍了为尼日利亚Makoko地区贫困女孩提供计算机编程培训的GirlsCoding项目的目的以及影响等。5．WhatcanwelearnaboutGirlsCoding?A．Itencouragesgirlstolandajobineducation.B．ItoffersNigeriangirlsinneedparttimejobs.C．IthelpsgirlsworkinginLagostofightpoverty.D．ItteachesgirlsinMakokocomputerprogramming.D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Butseveraltimesaweek，girlslikeOkpoegetaglimpseofanotherworldwhentheyattendGirlsCoding，afreeprogram...thatseekstoeducateandexcitegirlsaboutcomputerprogramming.”可知，GirlsCoding是一个免费的项目，它旨在教育女孩们关于计算机编程的知识和激发女孩们对计算机编程的兴趣。由此可知，GirlsCoding教生活在Makoko地区的女孩们有关计算机编程的知识，故选D。]6．WhatdidAjayiAkinfolarinthinkaboutthegrowingfieldinParagraph3?A．Mencoulddofarbetterintechnologyjobs.B．Girlsshouldgetequalworkopportunities.C．Mennormallygotpaidmorethanwomen.D．Girlstendedtodevotethemselvestowork.B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Shewantedtofixthegendergap”以及“Ibelievegirlsneedopportunities”可知，AjayiAkinfolarin\n认为，女孩们在这个领域应该获得与男性同等的工作机会。故选B。]7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph4referto?A．Rebuildingthegirls'confidence.B．Trainingthegirlstofinddiamonds.C．Presentingadifferentlifetothegirls.D．Takingthegirlstotechnologycompanies.C　[代词指代题。根据画线词上句“Theyneedtobeshownanotherlife”并结合语境可知，“this”在这里指代上句的内容，即向女孩们展现另一种生活。故选C。]8．WhatcanweinferaboutOkpoefromthelastparagraph?A．Shegotfishermentobenefitfromherapp.B．ShewasadmittedtoHarvardUniversity.C．Shetookherfather'ssuggestiontoheart.D．Shemadesomechangestocomputerscience.A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“ShehelpedcreateanappcalledMakokoFresh，enablingfishermenlikeherfathertosellseafooddirectlytocustomers.”可知，Okpoe帮助开发了一款名为MakokoFresh的应用程序，让像她父亲一样的渔民可以直接向顾客出售海鲜。由此可以推断出，Okpoe让渔民从她开发的应用程序中获益。故选A。]C(2020·长春市质量监测)Althoughsmallbusinesstrainingandcreditprogramshavebecomemorecommonthroughouttheworld，littleattentionhasbeenpaidtotheneedofyoungpeople，andevenlesstothechildrenlivingonthestreetorindifficultconditions.Overthepastnineyears，StreetKidsInternational(SKI)hasbeenworkingwithpartnerorganizationsinAfrica，LatinAmericaandIndiatosupporttheeconomiclivesofstreetchildrenanddevelopopportunitiesforstreetchildrentoearnincome.TheSKIBicycleCourierServicefirststartedinSudan.Streetchildrenwhotookpartinitweregivenbicycles，whichtheyusedtodeliverparcelsandmessages.AsimilarprogramwastakenupinBangalore，India.TheShoeshineCollectivewasaprogramwiththeYWCAintheDominicanRepublic.Thechildreninthisprojectwerelentmoneytobuyshoeshineboxes.Theywerealsogivenasafeplacetostoretheirequipment，andfacilitiesforindividualsavingsplans.TheYouthSkillsEnterpriseInitiativeinZambiaisaprogramwiththeRedCrossSocietyandtheYWCA.Streetyouthsaresupportedtostarttheirownsmallbusinessthroughbusinesstraining，lifeskillstrainingandaccesstocredit.\nDuringtheprogram，SKIandpartnerorganizationshavedrawnlessonsfromthepast:Firstofall，beingabusinessmanisnotforeveryone，norforeverystreetchild.Anditisimportantforallloanstobelinkedtotrainingprogramsthatincludethedevelopmentofbasicbusinessandlifeskills.Secondly，smallloansareprovidedfirstlyforbuyingfixedassetssuchasbicycles，shoeshinekitsandbasicbuildingmaterialsforamarketstall(摊位)．Asthechildrengainexperience，theycanbegivenmoreloanamounts.AndallSKIprogramshavechargedinterestontheloans.Generallytherateshavebeenlowerthanbankrates.Mostimportantly，itisbelievedthatcreditmustbegivenwithothertypesofsupportthathelptheyoungdevelopkeylifeskillsaswellasproductivebusinesses.【语篇解读】　近几年来，国际儿童救助组织StreetKidsInternational与它在非洲、拉丁美洲和印度的合作组织一同为流浪儿童的生活提供经济支援，并帮助他们学习技能，开始自己的小生意来获得收入。9．HowdoesSKIhelpthestreetchildren?A．Bygivingthestreetchildrenchancestogotoschool.B．Byencouragingthepublictogivemoneytostreetchildren.C．Bycreatingchancesforstreetchildrentomakemoney.D．Bydrawingtheattentionofgovernmentstohelpstreetchildren.C　[细节理解题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是“developopportunitiesforstreetchildrentoearnincome”可知，国际儿童救助组织SKI通过为流浪儿童创造赚取收入的机会来帮助他们，故选C项。]10．Streetyouthscanbelentmoneytobuyshoeshineboxesin________.A．theDominicanRepublic　　B．ZambiaC．IndiaD．SudanA　[细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词shoeshineboxes定位至文章第三段，根据该段第四、五句可知，在多米尼加共和国，流浪儿童可以借钱买擦鞋箱。故选A项。]11．Theunderlinedword“assets”inthelastparagraphprobablycanbereplacedby________.A．clothingB．vehiclesC．equipmentD．housesC　[词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“suchasbicycles，shoeshinekitsandbasicbuildingmaterials”可知，此处表示小额贷款首先用于购买流浪儿童赚钱所用的固定工具，故选C。]\n【解题技巧】根据画线词所在句举的例子来猜测词义是解答词义猜测题的一种方法，恰当的举例能够为猜测生词词义提供重要的线索。文中常用suchas，forexample，forinstance，like等引出例子，考生可以根据例子来猜测画线词的词义。本题就利用了suchas后所举例子推断出assets表示的含义。12．Fromthelastparagraphweknowthat________.A．eachchildcanonlyenjoyonekindofloanB．notallloansshouldbelinkedtotrainingprogramsC．anychildcanapplyforthebusinesstrainingandloanD．thechildrenhavetopaybackslightlymoremoneythantheyborrowD　[推理判断题。根据尾段中的“AndallSKIprogramshavechargedinterestontheloans.Generallytherateshavebeenlowerthanbankrates.”可知，所有的SKI项目都对贷款收取利息，通常利率不高，据此可推知，孩子们要还的钱稍多于借到的钱，故选D。]Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2020·辽宁省五校协作体联合模拟)HowtoBecomeanActivistActivistsarepeoplewhoseetheneedofchangeanddevotetheirtimetodoingsomethingaboutit.1Ifyouareinterestedinit，youcandoso.2Thiscouldbeanythingfromastudentclubtoanationalorganization.Mostactivistorganizationsofferdifferentlevelsofinvolvement，soyoucandowhateveryoufeelmostcomfortablewith，whetherthatmeansattendingmeetingsanddemonstrationsorjustdonatingalittlemoneywhenyoucan.Volunteeryourtime.Oneofthebestwaystomakeadifferenceistovolunteeryourtime.Reachouttoorganizationsinyourcommunitythatdoworkforyourcause，andaskhowyoucanhelp.Donatemoneyorsupplies.3Ifyoucan'taffordtodonatemoneytoanorganizationthatsupportsyourcause，youmaybeabletodonateotherthingstheyneed，likeclothingorcannedfood.Drawthefamilyandfriendsin.Tellyourfamilyandfriendsaboutyourcause，andinvitethemtogetinvolved.Iftheyareinterested，shareliteratureaboutyourcauseorjusttalktothemaboutwhatyouhavelearned.4Promoteyourcauseonsocialmedia.Youcanusesocialmediatohelpkeepyourfriendsandfollowersinformedaboutthecauseyousupport.5Also，youcaninviteyourfriendstoattendeventsordonatemoneytofundraisers(募集资金者)foryourcause.A．Takeclassesonissuesrelatedtoyourcause.\nB．Joinanorganizationthatsupportsyourcause.C．Theyaredrivenbypassionandavisionforabetterfuture.D．Ifyoudovolunteerwork，invitethemtovolunteerwithyou.E．Mostactivistsorcharitableorganizationsneedresourcestodotheirwork.F．Postusefularticlesandwriteaboutwhatyouaredoingtostayinvolved.G．Ifyoucan'tgetintouchwiththeminperson，thentryconnectingpeopleonline.【语篇解读】　积极分子是指那些看到变革的需要并投入时间去做些什么的人。本篇文章就如何成为积极分子而去从事公益事业提供了一些建议。1．C　[前一句提到“seetheneedofchangeanddevotetheirtimetodoingsomethingaboutit”(看到变革的需要并投入时间去做些什么)，由此可推知，空处应是进一步阐述积极分子这样做的原因，故C项“他们被激情和对更美好的未来的憧憬所驱使”与此处匹配。]2．B　[根据文章结构和空处所处位置可知，该空为本段的主题句。根据本段中的“fromastudentclubtoanationalorganization”和“Mostactivistorganizations”可知，本段的主题是关于加入某个组织的。故选B。]3．E　[前句提到“Donatemoneyorsupplies”(捐赠金钱或物资)，由此可推知，空处应是说明这样做的原因，故E项“大多数积极分子或慈善组织需要资源来开展工作”符合语境。]4．D　[本段的主题句为“Drawthefamilyandfriendsin”(让家人和朋友参与进来)，空前一句是说如果他们感兴趣，向他们分享有关你的事业的宣传资料或仅仅告诉他们你学到的东西，空处应是进一步说明你让朋友和家人参与的具体做法，故D项符合语境，且句式结构与前一句相同。]5．F　[本段的主题句为“Promoteyourcauseonsocialmedia”，该段也提到了利用“socialmedia”，这与F项“发布有用的文章，写下你正在做什么来保持参与”密切联系，故选F。]