2023版高考英语一轮复习26社会热点问题课时提能练含解析202303172131

课时提能练(二十六)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·重庆八中第3月检测，C)It'sfunnyhowreadilywe“taketheadviceofcompletestrangers”whenshoppingonline.Morethan80percentofAmericanssaytheyreadonlinereviewsatleastsomeofthetime.ButonsitessuchasAmazonandYelp,businesseshavelearntto“makethemostoftheratingsystemtotheseller'sortheplatform'sadvantage”，eventually“makingthestarratingscaleuseless”．Eveninthecaseofconfirmedreviews,itcanbehardtoknowwhatthestarsmean.“Amazonhassteppeduptheefforttoprovidetransparency，”saidLouiseMatsakisinWired.com.Its“Vinevoices”programsendsfreeproductsfortestingtoaninviteonlycommunityof“trustedreviewers”．AmazonhasalsostartedrankingitsTop10,000Contributorsonadailyleaderboardnot“justbythenumberofreviewsapersonhasbutalsobyhowmanycustomersfindtheirfeedbacktobehelpful”．ThecurrentNo.1reviewer,a45yearoldmanfromNorthDakotawhohaspostednearly2,500commentssince2002,hasownedabakeryinOregon，workedforasmallnewspaper,andhada10yearstretchintheNavyasanuclearweldinginspector.Nowhespendshistimetestingeverythingfromfryerstopopcornmakers,thoughheexceededitsweightlimitby70pounds.“Butsellersarestillfindingwaystodeceiveprospectivebuyers，”saidareviewer.Hesaid,“Iidentifiedmorethan150privateFacebookgroupswheresellersopenlyexchangefreeproductsforfivestarreviews.Ijoinedfourofthemandwasannoyedwithaflurryofprivatemessagesfromsellers.Oneofferedtopayme$10forasplendidreviewofwhatwasalready‘oneofthehighestrankediPhonechargers’，with3,971fivestarreviewsandatrusted‘Amazonchoice’label.Whenitarrived,thechargerbrokewithinminutes.IreachedouttoAmazonandthosethousandsoffivestarreviewsforthechargerdisappeared.”Theproductnowhas11reviewsandholdsaratingof2.5stars.Butbeforeallthosefivestarreviewsdisappeared,howmanyshoppersspottedthis$13.99chargerpackonAmazon'sfirstpageresultsandfellforthetrick?【语篇解读】　本文为说明文，主要说明了亚马逊和Yelp等网站上一些卖家通过购买好评来吸引顾客购买自己的产品，从而使网站的星级等级系统变得毫无用处。亚马逊对此采取的措施是为消费者提供有效的审核意见来让星级评定量表变得有用，然而卖家仍在想方设法欺骗潜在买家。\n1．WhatactionhasAmazontakentomakethestarratingscaleuseful?A．Provideeffectivelycheckedcommentsforconsumers.B．Giveprioritytotheadvantageofcustomers.C．Decideoncontributors'rankbythequantityofreviews.D．Getreliablereviewerstotestproductsbeforetheirrelease.A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“AmazonhasalsostartedrankingitsTop10,000Contributorsonadailyleaderboardnot‘justbythenumberofreviewsapersonhasbutalsobyhowmanycustomersfindtheirfeedbacktobehelpful’．”可知，亚马逊通过为消费者提供有效的审核意见来让星级评定量表变得有用。故选A项。]2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deceive”inthethirdparagraphmostprobablymean?A．Persuade.　　　　　B．Instruct.C．Interest.D．Cheat.D　[词义猜测题。根据后文“Iidentifiedmorethan150privateFacebookgroupswheresellersopenlyexchangefreeproductsforfivestarreviews.”可知，卖家通过公开交换免费产品换取五星好评的方法来欺骗买家，故推测单词意思为“欺骗”。故选D项。]3．Whatdoweknowaboutthechargersellerinthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Heconvincedbuyerstoobtainfreeproducts.B．Heattemptedtoobtainexcellentreviewsbypurchase.C．Hewasinhotwateranddeletedalluntrustedreviews.D．HetrickedbuyersanddisappearedfromAmazon.B　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Oneofferedtopayme$10forasplendidreviewofwhatwasalready‘oneofthehighestrankediPhonechargers’”可知，充电器卖家试图通过购买行为获得极好的评价。故选B项。]4．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheEffortsofAmazonB．TheApplicationofRatingSystemC．NotEveryStarShinesSoBrightlyD．Don'tFallfortheTrickofSellersC　[标题归纳题。根据第一段中“ButonsitessuchasAmazonandYelp，businesseshavelearntto‘makethemostoftheratingsystemtotheseller'sortheplatform'sadvantage’，eventually‘makingthestarratingscaleuseless’．”，再结合文章主要说明了亚马逊和Yelp等网站一些卖家通过购买好评来吸引顾客购买自己的产品，从而使网站的星级等级系统变得毫无用处，可知C项“不是每颗星星都那么明亮”符合文章标题。]\nB(2020·湖北襄阳四中3月检测，C)Doesitmatterifalanguagediesout?Thetraditionalanswerisyes,becauseeverylanguageisarepository(智囊)ofideasandcultureandrepresentsauniquewayoflookingattheworld.Theplanetonlyhasabout7,000languages；theextinctionofevenonedecreasesthesumtotalofhumanknowledge.Butinsomecases,extinctioncanbeseeninamorepositivelight.TakeAlSayyidBedouinSignLanguage(ABSL)forexample,restrictedtoabout1,000usersinasmallIsraelivillagewithahighlevelofborndeafness,thelanguageseemstobeboundtodiebythespreadofIsraeliSignLanguage.ThenaturalreactiontothelossofABSLisregret.Itisafascinatinglanguagethathaskeptlinguistsbusysinceitcametotheirattentionaround15yearsago.Butforthedeafvillagers，IsraeliSignLanguageisanupgrade：itallowsthemtospeaktotensofthousandsofpeopleratherthanafewhundred,andenablesthemtoworkandmarryoutsidethevillage.Itishardtoseethatasanythingotherthanprogress.Similarly，otherendangeredlanguagesdieoutbecausepeopleabandontheminfavorofonesthatservetheirneedsbetter.Technologyalsosoftenstheblow,asendangeredlanguagescannowbecapturedindetail—whichalsomeanstheycouldeventuallybebroughtbackfromthedead,muchastheHebrewlanguagewasinthe19thcentury.Itisnowthefirstlanguageof9millionpeople.Linguistsnaturallycondemnthelossoflanguagemuchasconservationists(环保主义者)oncemournedthelossofeverysinglespecies.Buttheyaremovingtowardsacceptancethatnotallspeciescanbesaved,thatinvasivespeciesarenotalwaysbadandthathumanengineeredecosystemsarenotnecessarilyinferiortonaturalones.Perhapsourattitudestolanguageextinctionaredueforasimilarchange.【语篇解读】　本文为说明文，主要介绍了在语言濒临灭绝的时候，人们的本能反应是感到惋惜，毕竟每一门语言都是文化和思想的体现，是观察世界的一种独特方式，每消失一种语言就会使人类知识的总量减少一点儿。然而，在有些情况下，我们可以以积极的态度看待语言的消亡。5．WhatcanweinferaboutABSL?A．Anotherlanguagereplacedit.B．Itisanendangeredlanguage.C．Deafvillagersprefertouseit.\nD．Ithasbeenstudiedforover15years.B　[推理判断题。根据第二段可知，ABSL手语大约有1000人使用，并且由于以色列手语的传播，它似乎注定会灭亡，所以ABSL是濒危语言，故选B项。]6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“upgrade”inParagraph3mean?A．Recovery.　　　　　B．Opportunity.C．Improvement.D．Update.C　[词义猜测题。根据画线词后的内容可知，以色列手语让耳聋的村民们可以与更多的人交流，并且能够让他们在村子外面找到工作以及与外面的人联姻。即以色列手语比ABSL手语更能满足人们的需求；再结合后文提到的“anythingotherthanprogress”可推出画线词意为“改善”。故选C项。]7．Howdoestechnologyaffectlanguages?A．Technologycanremovepeople'sregret.B．Languagesmayberescuedfromextinction.C．Technologyincreasesthenumberofendangeredlanguages.D．Endangeredlanguagesmightbeabandonedbecauseoftechnology.B　[推理判断题。根据第四段可知，技术可以帮助复活濒危语言。故选B项。]8．What'sthemainideaofthetext?A．Moreandmorelanguagesaredyingout.B．Technologycreatessomenewlanguages.C．Peoplefeelashamedoflanguageextinction.D．Languageextinctionisnotnecessarilyabadthing.D　[主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了人们可以从积极的一面去看待濒危语言。一方面濒危语言被能更好地服务于人们的语言代替，这是一种进步；另一方面科技也可以让某些濒危语言复活，因此人们对待语言灭绝的态度应当改变，因为它未必是件坏事。故选D项。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2020·广东广州3月阶段训练改编)Throughoutmylife,Iwasneververyathletic.Iwasn'treallyinto1，sportsorconflict.TheonlyactivitiesIenjoyedwere2thingslikewatchingTVandplayingcomputergames.ItwasduringmyjunioryearinhighschoolthatIrealizedIneededa3.Myfriendswerejoiningthelongdistancerunningclubandalsoinvitedmetodoit.Atmyschool,therewerenoqualification4；everystudentwasaccepted.Aseveryonegatheredaroundonthefirstdayofpractice，the5announceditwastimefor“warmup”．Iimaginedthewarmupwouldbea6jogaroundthe\n400metretrack.Isoon7itwasa1kmrun.Aftercompletingtherun,Iwas8！Iwondered,“Ifthat'sthewarmup,what'snext？”Therealworkoutforthedaywasa5kmrun,whichImostlywalked.WhenIcamehome，Ireallyconsidered9.However,I10myselftokeepatitandtryharder.Ofcourse，therewasnorealimprovement11.Ialwayscameinlastduringpracticeandthefirstfew12.Asdaysandweekswenton,Ireallytriedmybest.Duringpractice，Iwouldalwayskeepatthe13ofthegroup；thefastest，moreconfidentrunnerswerealwaysahead,whilethelaziestwerebehind.Astheresultofmy14，thewarmupbecamearealwarmup.The5kmruntransformedintoan15dayofpractice.AndIwasnolongerlastinanythingwedid.Foraformercouchpotato,likeme,thiswasasuccess.【语篇解读】　本文为记叙文，主题语境为人与自我。作者过去喜欢看电视和玩电脑游戏，现在决心改变自己，于是参加了长跑俱乐部，而且通过不断努力终于不再是最后一名。1．A.rules　B．arts　C．competition　D．schoolworkC　[根据上下文中的“Iwasneververyathletic”及“sportsorconflict”可知作者不喜欢比赛、运动等事情。]2．A.endlessB．pointlessC．importantD．challengingB　[句意：我唯一喜欢的活动是像看电视和玩电脑游戏之类没有意义的事情。故选B。]3．A.changeB．restC．teamD．resultA　[根据下文作者加入了长跑俱乐部可知，作者意识到自己需要改变自己。句意：就在我上高中三年级的时候，我意识到我需要改变自我。]4．A.trialsB．alternativesC．opportunitiesD．reasonsA　[根据下文“everystudentwasaccepted”可知，参加俱乐部没有资格考验，谁都可以加入。]5．A.competitorB．coachC．reporterD．refereeB　[句意：当大家在训练的第一天聚在一起时，教练宣布是时候热身了。]6．A.hardB．boringC．practicalD．casualD　[根据下文“aroundthe400metretrack”可知，作者一开始以为热身就只是围绕\n400米跑道进行的随意慢跑。]7．A.decidedB．suspectedC．realizedD．agreedC　[根据下文“itwasa1kmrun”可知，作者很快意识到这是一次1公里的跑步。]8．A.sentoffB．takenawayC．turneddownD．wornoutD　[作者第一次参加训练就跑了一公里，因此跑完后，疲惫不堪，累坏了。]9．A.complainingB．quittingC．cryingD．refreshingB　[根据下文“...myselftokeepatitandtryharder”可知，作者回到家考虑过放弃，但是又说服了自己继续坚持。]10．A.convincedB．taughtC．sentD．helpedA　[解析见上题。]11．A.actuallyB．graduallyC．separatelyD．instantlyD　[根据下文“Ialwayscameinlast”可知，作者的长跑并没有立即出现进步和改善。]12．A.performancesB．presentationsC．racesD．stepsC　[根据上文“duringpracticeandthefirstfew”可知，练习赛还有前几场比赛，作者总是最后一名。]13．A.middleB．topC．frontD．bottomA　[根据上下文可知，作者既不是跑在最前面的，也不是最后面的，作者在队伍的中间。atthemiddleof在……中间。句意：在练习中，我总是保持在这个群体中间；跑得最快、最自信的人总是跑在前面，而最懒的人总是在后面。]14．A.inspirationB．determinationC．loyaltyD．contributionB　[根据上文“Asdaysandweekswenton，Ireallytriedmybest”可知，作者不断尽最大努力，由于作者的决心，一公里热身变成了真正的热身。]15．A.unimaginableB．avoidableC．easyD．optionalC　[根据上文“warmupbecamearealwarmup.\n”可知，作者有了进步，热身变成了真正的热身，5公里跑变成了轻松的一天练习。]Ⅲ.语法填空PollutiontakesawayallthebeautyofthebeachesofHawaii.Ihatetogotothebeacheson1.________(sun)weekendsandseerubbishbagslyingonthesand，cigarettebutts(烟头)2.________(bury)inthesand，andsodacansfloatingintheocean.OnethingthatreallyannoysmeisthatIsee3.________(tour)whovisitHawaiileavetheirrubbishonthebeaches.Iwasalwaystaughtafterdrinkingsodatothrowthecanintotheplace4.________itshouldstay—thetrashcan.Anotherthingthatannoysmeisthatsomepeoplewalkrightbyrubbish5.________pretendthatit'snotthere.Thedogsorthefisharenotblame6.________it.It'sourfaultandwemustblame7.________(we)．Everyonehastodohisorherpart8.________(solve)thisproblem.Itcan'tbedifficulttodothejob.Therearealotofthingsthatwecando.Firstofall，wecanhelppickuprubbishalongthebeaches.Wecouldalsofromorganizationsthathelpcleanupourbeaches.More9.________(important)，weneedtostartnowbeforethebeaches10.________(damage)beyondrepair.【语篇解读】　本文主要讨论了海滩污染的问题。1．sunny　[考查词形转换。修饰名词一般用形容词，故用形容词sunny修饰其后的名词weekends。]2．buried　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，bury和其逻辑主语cigarettebutts构成动宾关系，故用其过去分词形式作宾语补足语。]3．tourists　[考查词形转换。结合定语从句的关系词who可知，此处的先行词为表示人的名词，且定语从句中的谓语动词为复数，故用名词复数形式。]4．where　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词theplace，故填where。]5．but　[考查连词。根据语境可知，空处前后存在逻辑上的转折关系，故用连词but。]6．for　[考查介词。此处考查固定词组betoblameforsth.“对某事负有责任”，故用介词for。]7．ourselves　[考查代词。与句子主语we呼应，此处应用反身代词ourselves作动词blame的宾语。]8．tosolve　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式，表目的。]9．importantly　[考查副词。副词一般修饰形容词、副词、动词，甚至整个句子，在句子中作状语。故用副词importantly，修饰整个句子。]\n10．aredamaged　[考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，damage和主语thebeaches之间是被动关系，根据该句中的“need”可知，此处叙述一般的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。]