2023版高考英语一轮复习28社会进步与人类文明课时提能练含解析202303172133

课时提能练(二十八)Ⅰ.阅读理解(2020·福建福安六中月考，D)FormanyforeignerswhohavevisitedorworkedinChina，oneoftheirstrongimpressionsisthatthecountryisverysafe.Here，youcangooutalonelateatnighttoeatatafoodstandwithoutfeelingnervous.Youcanalsoletyouryoungerchildrenridepublictransportallbythemselveswithoutworryingabouttheirsafety.Thisyear,2018，marksaspecialanniversaryofthelaunchingofthereformandopeninguppolicy,whichtookplacetwoscoreyearsagoinChina.Overthepastfewdecades，thecountryhasachievedfasteconomicgrowth,whilesocialpeaceandstabilityhavebeenmaintained(维护)tothefullestextentatthelowestcost.Ofcourse,therearestillunsolvedproblems.However,fromtheoverallaspect,Chinesesocietyremainsharmoniousandsafe.Inmyeyes，thisshouldbeattributed(归于)largelytothecultural,economicandpoliticalenvironmentofthecountry.Asocietycanbestableandorderlyonlywhenitspeoplecanleadaprosperous(繁荣的)life.Aftertheintroductionofthereformandopeninguppolicy,Chinaachievedfasteconomicgrowthandsignificantscientificandtechnologicalprogress.Inthemeantime，theChinesegovernmenthastakenvariousmeasuressuchasthosetofightcorruption,reducepovertyandpromotetheruleoflaw,inordertoupholdsocialequity.Thankstotheseefforts,thepotentialfactorsthatmightcausesocialproblemshavebeengreatlyreduced.Apartfromgovernmentdepartmentsincludingthepoliceandjudicial(司法的)departments,thegeneralpublicalsocontributesmuchtosocialgovernance.Thedevelopmentofinformationtechnologyhascreatednewwaysoflinkingthepoliceandthepublic.Byjointlyfightingcrimesinsuchways，thepublicandthepolicehavedevelopedaneverincreasinglevelofmutualtrustandpositiveinteraction.ThesafetyandstabilityinChinadidnotcomeeasily.Rather,itshouldbeattributedtotheeffortsmadeby1.3billionpeople.ForbothChineseandforeignerslivinginthecountry，thesenseofsafetyandsecurityisveryprecious.【语篇解读】　本文为说明文。实行改革开放政策以来，中国经济飞速发展，社会安定，人民安居乐业。本文介绍了中国社会处于稳定状态的几个因素。1．Themainideaofthepassageisthat________.A．ChinahasachievedfasteconomicgrowthandpeoplearebecomingrichB．theChinesegovernmenthastakenvariousmeasurestosettlesocialproblems\nC．thepoliceandjudicialdepartmentsworkmoreeffectivelytomaintainsocialstabilityD．variousfactorscontributetothestabilityandsafetyofpresentChinaD　[主旨大意题。本题题干意为：本文的中心思想是________？本文第一、二段引出中国社会稳定和安全这一话题，接下来作者解释了其原因，故答案为D项(各种因素促成了目前中国的稳定和安全)。A项：中国经济增长迅速，人们富裕起来；B项：中国政府采取了各种措施来解决社会问题；C项：公安和司法部门工作更有效以确保社会稳定。以上三项都是本文的一些细节，不是本文的主旨，故被排除。]2．WhenwasthereformandopeninguppolicylaunchedinChina?A．In1968.　　　　　B．In1978.C．In1988.D．In2008.B　[细节理解题。本题题干意为：中国是什么时候实行改革开放政策的？根据第二段第一句“Thisyear,2018，marksaspecialanniversaryofthelaunchingofthereformandopeninguppolicy，whichtookplacetwoscoreyearsagoinChina.”可知答案为B项。]3．Whichofthefollowingcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?A．MostforeignerslackasenseofsafetywhenstayinginChina.B．Governmentdepartmentsplayanimportantroleinkeepingsocialpeaceandstability.C．People'sprosperouslifeinacountrycanleadtoastableandorderlysociety.D．FourbasicreasonsarelistedthroughoutthepassageforChina'sstabilityandsafety.C　[推理判断题。本题题干意为：从本文中可以得出下列哪项结论？根据第三段第一句(只有当人们过上富裕的生活时，社会才会稳定、有序。)可知答案为C项(一个国家的人们的富裕生活会导致一个稳定、有序的社会)。]4．Whatisthetoneofthetext?A．Negative.B．Positive.C．Humorous.D．Doubtful.B　[推理判断题。本题题干意为：本文的基调是什么？通过阅读本文可推知，本文作者对中国的发展现状持积极乐观的(positive)态度，故答案为B项。]Ⅱ.完形填空(山东潍坊一中2021届开学质检)MelbourneGirls'Collegeisgettingridofalldustbinsandaskingstudentstotaketheirrubbishhometoencouragethemtomove\ntowardszerowaste.StartingnextMonday,thecollegewillgradually1alltherubbishbinsinfiveweeksinclassroomsandtheyard,21400studentsand140stafftofindtheirownhomeforchippacketsandjuiceboxes.Volunteerstudentswill3dailynoncompulsoryfoodinspectionsinwhichchildrenbringing“zerowaste”lunchboxeswillbe4.Studentsusingonly5packagingwillreceiveatoken(礼券)towinprizessuchaskeepcups.Therubbishthatstudentstakehomemaystillgotolandfill(废物填埋场)viatheirhomebins,6thenewpolicywillhelppersuade7tobuyfewerpackageditemsandreusecontainers.Mostissuesaroundcarryingrubbishhome,suchassmellandmess,canbesolved.8tuna(金枪鱼)inatin,forexample,can9theschool'scompost(堆肥)binandthetincanbe10beforeit'stakenhome.ThecollegeprincipalKarenMoneyacknowledgesthatsomeparentsmaynothavethetimeormeanstoavoid11insingleusepackaging,“butit's12togetasmanypeopleaswecantoavoidit.Wetalkalot,13educators,aboutthebadproblemstheworld14，andifwedon'tstartputtingsomeactions15thatbeautifulidea,thenit'sjustempty.”【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了墨尔本女子学院正在清理所有垃圾箱，并要求学生们把垃圾带回家，以鼓励他们朝着零浪费的方向发展。1．A.replace　B．wash　C．clean　　D．removeD　[由上文“askingstudentstotaketheirrubbishhometoencouragethemtomovetowardszerowaste”可知，此处指清除垃圾。故选D项。]2．A.provingB．leavingC．promisingD．allowingB　[由上文内容可知，此处用leave。故选B项。]3．A.receiveB．forbidC．admitD．conductD　[由后面的“inspections”可知，此处指进行检查。故选D项。]4．A.rewardedB．advisedC．changedD．protectedA　[由后面的“winprizes”可知，此处指奖励。故选A项。]5．A.creativeB．usual\nC．reusableD．plasticC　[由下文“buyfewerpackageditemsandreusecontainers”可知，此处指可重复使用的包装。故选C项。]6．A.soB．butC．thenD．thoughB　[根据句意可知，此处两个分句之间是转折关系，应用连词but。故选B项。]7．A.teachersB．staffC．familiesD．classmatesC　[由前面的“takehome”和“viatheirhomebins”可知，此处指说服家庭。故选C项。]8．A.UneatenB．UncookedC．UncoveredD．UnbrokenA　[根据常识可知，罐头里的金枪鱼是还未食用的。故选A项。]9．A.breakdownB．breakthroughC．getthroughD．gointoD　[根据语境可知，此处指放进堆肥箱。故选D项。]10．A.returnedB．washedC．reusedD．sparedB　[由语境及常识可知，罐头里的未食用金枪鱼，放进堆肥箱后，罐头要清洗干净。故选B项。]11．A.foodsB．clothesC．drinksD．toolsA　[由语境可知，此处指一次性包装的食品。故选A项。]12．A.keepingB．dreamingC．stoppingD．tryingD　[由前面的“maynothavethetimeormeanstoavoid”可知，此处指试图让尽可能多的人来避免。故选D项。]13．A.forB．toC．asD．withC　[由上文“Thecollegeprincipal”及语境可知，此处指作为教育工作者。故选C项。]14．A.solvesB．showsC．facesD．followsC　[由前面的“thebadproblemsthe\nworld”可知，此处用face，意为“世界面临的坏问题”。故选C项。]15．A.aheadofB．behindC．uponD．beyondB　[由句意及语境常识可知，提出某种想法之后采取一些行动。故选B项。]Ⅲ.语法填空(2020·山东济南5月模拟)Whatisart?Itisverydifficulttocome1.________withathoroughanswer.Tonsofpeoplehavetheirownopinionsandthinktheyknowwhatart2.________(true)is.Mostpeople'sanswersaretoogeneraltodistinguishwhatartis.Artisacreativeformofwork，3.________(design)tohaveapurposeandshowemotion.Thereisapurposetoeverypieceofartwork.Therefore4.________artisthadtostartwithauniqueidea,orreasonfor5.________they'recreating.Historically,arthasmanydifferentpurposesforbeingmade.Artistshavemadeartforlogical6.________(purpose)likeentertainment,communication,andsometimesjusttoexpress7.________(they).ThefirsttimeImadeart,itwasinkindergarten.Irememberaminihousegluedonpaperformyfamily.Arthastohaveaconnectionbetweentheartistandtheactualartprojectitself.AsisthecasewiththeStatueofLiberty,andfreedom.Art'sfinalgoalis8.________(stir)upsometypeofemotion.Plentyofartistsexpresstheirfeelingsinapieceofart.Thentheartist'sfeelings9.________(absorb)bytheaudience,causingthemtohave10.________(emotion)reactionstothevisual.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了什么是艺术，艺术的目的是什么以及艺术的最终目的等情况。1．up　[考查固定短语。句意：想出一个完整的答案是很难的。短语comeupwith意思是“想出；提出”。故填up。]2．truly　[考查词类转换。此处作状语修饰谓语动词is，应用所给单词的副词形式。故填truly。]3．designed　[考查过去分词。空格及后面部分作定语修饰名词art，design与art构成被动关系，因此使用过去分词。故填designed。]4．an　[考查冠词。此处表示泛指，且artist以元音音素开头，故填an。]5．what　[考查宾语从句。介词for后面是一个宾语从句，需要一个连接词，连接词在从句中作create的宾语，应用连接代词what。故填what。]6．purposes　[考查名词的数。purpose目的，可数名词，like后面列举的内容表明目的很多，故使用复数形式。故填purposes。]\n7．themselves　[考查代词。此处作动词express的宾语，与主语artists指代同一人，所以用反身代词。故填themselves。]8．tostir　[考查动词不定式。句意：艺术的最终目的是激起某种感情。此处要用动词不定式作表语，表示目的。故填tostir。]9．areabsorbed　[考查语态。主语feelings为复数概念，与动词absorb(吸收、理解)之间为被动关系，因此使用被动语态。故填areabsorbed。]10．emotional　[考查词类转换。所填单词作定语修饰后面的名词，用所给单词的形容词形式。故填emotional。]Ⅳ.应用文写作(山东省潍坊一中2021届高三开学质检)假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Linda很喜欢中国丝绸。恰巧你市于4月20日至26日举行“中国丝绸文化节”，你想邀请她同去，请你给她写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1．写信目的；2．介绍文化节；3．约定见面时间、地点。注意：1.词数80左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】DearLinda，KnowingthatyouareinterestedinChinesesilk,IamwritingtoinviteyoutoaChineseSilkCultureFestivaltobeheldfromApril20thto26thintheCityHall.Itsthemeis“Chinasurprisestheworldwithsplendidsilk”.Atthefestival,besidestheknowledgeofsilkhistory,variousdelicatesilkproductswillbeshown,amongwhicharesomeelegantsilkdresses.Woulditbeconvenientforyoutocomeifwemeetat9amonApril20thattheentranceoftheCityHall?I'dappreciateitifyoucouldconfirmyourcomingatyourearliestconvenience.Yours，LiHuaⅤ.读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Tylerwasenrolledinmyseniorclassforasemester.Hehadimpulsecontrol\n(克制冲动)andangermanagementissues.Hehadbeensuspended(停课)manytimesinpreviousyears.Whenheenteredmyclass,Iassumedtheworst.Tylersatinthebackrow.EverytimeItalkedinthefrontoftheclass,Iwouldaskstudentsquestions,callingthembyname.Unfortunately,everytimeIcalledonTyler,hewouldrespondwithaglib(未经思考的)answer.Ifhegotananswerwrong,hewouldbecomeangry.Aboutamonthintotheyear,IwasstilltryingtoconnectwithTyler.Icanusuallygetstudentsinvolvedinclassdiscussionsoratleastmotivatethemtositquietlyandattentively.Bycontrast,Tylerwasjustloudandoffensive.Hehadbeeninsomuchtroublethroughtheyears.Heexpectedhisteacherstoknowabouthisreferrals(移交)wherehewassenttotheoffice,andsuspensions,wherehewasgivencompulsorydaystostayoutofschool.Ihadrarelyfoundreferralstobeeffectivebecausestudentswouldreturnfromtheofficebehavingworsethanbefore.Oneday,TylerwastalkingwhileIwasteaching.Inthemiddleofthelesson,Isaidinthesametoneofvoice,“Tyler,whydon'tyoujoininourdiscussioninsteadofhavingoneofyourown？”Withthat,hegotupfromhischair,pusheditoverandyelledsomething.Ican'trememberwhathesaidotherthanthatheincludedseveralimpolitewords.IsentTylertotheofficewithadisciplinereferral,andhereceivedaweek'soutofschoolsuspension.Tothispoint,thiswasoneofmyworstteachingexperiences.Tyler'sangerwasalmosttoomuchforme.TheweekTylerwasoutofschoolwasawonderfultime,andwegotalotaccomplishedasaclass.However,thesuspensionweekwouldsooncometoanend,andIwasfearfulofhisreturn.注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式作答。OnthedayofTyler'sreturn,Istoodatthedoorawaitinghim.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Asparkofsurpriseflashedacrosshisface.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】\nOnthedayofTyler'sreturn,Istoodatthedoorawaitinghim.Atlasthecame,withhishandsinhispockets.Iwentuptohimandsaidhello.Iwantedtobreaktheice.Iaskedhimtotalktomeforamoment.Taylorseemedreluctantatfirst,butfinallyagreed.ItoldhimIwaseagertostartoverwithhim.Atthesametime,Itoldhimthatifhecouldn'tcontrolhimselfsometimesinclass,hecouldstepoutofthedoorforawhiletocollecthimself.Asparkofsurpriseflashedacrosshisface.Hewasstunnedthere,staringatmewithwideeyes.Butitwasalwayspleasanttobebelievedin.Hemadeuphismindthathehadthepowertochoosehisownwayofbehaving.Fromthenon,Taylorlistenedcarefullyandtookanactivepartinclass.Hesparedeveryminutetostudy.Attheendoftheyear,Tylerwrotemeathankyounotetellingmehowgreathisyearhadbeen.Istillhavethatnotetoday,anditmovesmetorereaditwhenI'mstressedaboutteaching.