2023版高考英语一轮复习31人与环境人与动植物课时提能练含解析202303172137

课时提能练(三十一)Ⅰ.阅读理解(2021·新高考八省联考卷)Theaveragebear，itseems，isgettingeversmarter.First，itturnedoutthatatleastonecanuseacomb.Nowitappearsthatsomecancount，too.JenniferVonk，ofOaklandUniversity，inMichigan，andMichaelBeran，fromGeorgiaStateUniversity，setthreeAmericanblackbearsthetaskofdistinguishingbetweennumericallylargerandsmallergroupsofdots(点)onacomputerscreen.Inreturnforafoodrewardonebear，Brutus，wouldtouchthemoreheavilydottedpatternwithhisnose.Theothers，BellaandDusty，wouldtouchthescreenwiththeirclaws(爪子)．AstheresearchersreportinAnimalBehavior，thebearsdidbestwithpatternswherethecoloureddotsdidnotmoveandwheremoreofthemalsotookupalargercolouredarea.Thiscouldbeexplainedbythebears'distinguishingthedifferentareasofcolourratherthantrulycountingthedots.However，thethreebearsmanagedtopickoutthebiggernumberofdotseveninpairsofpatternswherefewerdotstookupalargerarea.Movingpatterns，whereeachdotfolloweditsownpatharoundthescreen，weremoreofachallenge.ButBrutus，atleast，wasnotdefeated.Heseemedtobecountingmobiledotsevenwhenthescientiststriedtomisleadhimbymovingthetotalcolouredareaofthedotsatthesametime.Itisnotentirelysurprisingthatbearsshouldhaveahighdegreeofintelligence.Theyfacealotofchallengeswhentryingtogetfood.Theyare，however，alwaysalone，andsodonothavethecomplexsocialsystemsthatcontributetoanimalsmarts.Perhaps，then，theirmathsskilldevelopedbecausetheycannotcountontheirfriendsforhelp.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一些新的发现，证明了熊是一种高智商动物。1．Whattaskdidthescientistssetforthethreebears?A．Distinguishingdifferentdotpatterns.B．Figuringoutdifferentcoloursofdots.C．Puttingthedotsintodifferentlycolouredgroups.D．Pickingoutthegroupwithalargernumberofdots.A　[细节理解题。根据第二段“JenniferVonk,ofOaklandUniversity,inMichigan,andMichaelBeran,fromGeorgiaStateUniversity,setthreeAmericanblack\nbearsthetaskofdistinguishingbetweennumericallylargerandsmallergroupsofdotsonacomputerscreen(密歇根州奥克兰大学的JenniferVonk和乔治亚州立大学的MichaelBeran给三只美国黑熊设定了一项任务，即在电脑屏幕上区分数字上较大和较小的点)．”可知，科学家们给这三只熊安排的任务是区分不同的点的模式。故选A项。]2．Forthebears，thetaskwaseasierwhen.A．thecoloureddotsweremovingslowlyB．thedotpatternswereregularinshapeC．thedotsfollowedapathonthescreenD．moredotscoveredalargercolouredareaD　[细节理解题。根据第三段“AstheresearchersreportinAnimalBehavior，thebearsdidbestwithpatternswherethecoloureddotsdidnotmoveandwheremoreofthemalsotookupalargercolouredarea(正如研究人员在《动物行为》杂志上所报道的那样，熊最擅长的图案是那些彩色的点不移动，而且更多的点占据了更大的彩色区域)．”可知，熊最擅长的图案是被更多的点覆盖的更大的彩色区域。故选D项。]3．Whatmayexplainthebears'highdegreeofintelligence?A．Theylearnskillsfromotheranimals.B．Theyfacelifechallengesontheirown.C．Theyfeedonadiverserangeoffood.D．Theyhavecomplexsocialnetworks.B　[细节理解题。根据最后一段“Itisnotentirelysurprisingthatbearsshouldhaveahighdegreeofintelligence.Theyfacealotofchallengeswhentryingtogetfood(熊拥有高度的智力并不完全令人惊讶。他们在获取食物时面临着很多挑战)．”可知，熊的高智商表现在它们独自面对生活的挑战。故选B项。]4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．BearsTaughttoDistinguishColoursB．NewEvidenceofBearIntelligenceFoundC．ThreeBearsLearnedHowtoCountD．TheSmartestAmericanBlackBearBrutusB　[标题归纳题。本文介绍了一些新的发现，为证明熊是一种高智商动物提供了证据，所以文章标题应该是“发现了证明熊智力的新证据”。故选B项。]Ⅱ.完形填空(山东省实验中学2021届高三一诊)JackMaisknownasoneoftherichestChinese.1，hewasnotbornrich.HegrewupatatimewhenChinawas2fromtheworld,andlikeeveryfamilyinChina,hisfamilydidn'thave\n3whentheywereyoung.Asachild,Mahad4justlikeanyotherkid.Helikedcollectingcrickets(蟋蟀)andmakingthemfight.Withoutmoney,theonlywayMacouldchangehislifewasthrough5.Afterhighschool,he6togotocollege,butfailedtheentranceexam7.Afteragreatdealofstudying,hefinallypassedonthethirdtry,goingonto8HangzhouTeachersCollege.He9fromcollegein1988andstartedapplyingtoasmanyjobsashecould.Hereceivedmorethanadozen10，includingfromKFC.Buthedidn'tgiveuptryingandfinallywasemployedasanEnglish11.Malovedhisstudents,thoughheonlymade80yuanamonthatalocaluniversity.Mahadnoexperiencewiththe12，whichwasnotveryaccessibletomostChinese,buthewas13theInternetwhenheuseditforthefirsttimein1995.Ma'sfirstonlinesearchwas“beer”，buthewas14tofindthatnoChinesebeersturnedupintheresults.Itwasthen15hedecidedtofoundanInternetcompanyforChina.Thatwasthefirststeptohisfuture.【语篇解读】　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了马云建立阿里巴巴以前的生活、学习和求职经历。1．A.ThereforeB．FortunatelyC．HoweverD．ThusC　[上文中的“oneoftherichestChinese”和“hewasnotbornrich.”形成转折关系。故选C。]2．A.closedB．differentC．remoteD．isolatedD　[根据“hewasnotbornrich”可知，马云生长的那个年代，大多数家庭都是不富裕的，中国那时候也是与世隔绝的。故选D。]3．A.money　B．relativesC．friends　D．changesA　[根据下文“Withoutmoney”可知，此处是信息词money的词汇复现。故选A。]4．A.tasks　B．hobbiesC．jobs　D．qualitiesB　[根据“Helikedcollectingcrickets(蟋蟀)andmakingthemfight.(他喜欢收集蟋蟀，让它们打架。)”可知，马云小时候有自己的爱好。故选B。]5．A.educationB．workC．luckD．view\nA　[根据下文“Afteragreatdealofstudying,hefinallypassedonthethirdtry(经过大量的学习，他终于在第三次尝试中通过了)”可知，马云想通过教育改变自己的命运。故选A。]6．A.applied　B．deservedC．succeeded　D．failedA　[applyto为固定短语，意为“申请”，此处表示申请上大学。故选A。]7．A.once　B．often　C．twice　D．seldomC　[根据“Afteragreatdealofstudying,hefinallypassedonthethirdtry(经过大量的学习，他终于在第三次尝试中通过了)”可知，高考失败过两次。故选C。]8．A.attend　B．leave　C．quit　D．startA　[根据“HangzhouTeachersCollege.”可知，马云上了杭州师范大学。故选A。]9．A.continued　B．presentedC．introduced　D．graduatedD　[根据“startedapplyingtoasmanyjobsashecould(开始申请尽可能多的工作)”可知，1988年，马云大学毕业了。graduatefrom为固定短语，意为“从……毕业”。故选D。]10．A.admissions　B．opportunitiesC．rejections　D．invitationsC　[根据“Buthedidn'tgiveuptryingandfinallywasemployed(但他没有放弃努力，最终被聘用)”可知，在被录用之前经历过很多次拒绝。故选C。]11．A.engineer　B．headmasterC．teacher　D．workerC　[根据“Malovedhisstudents”可知，马云被聘为一名英语老师。故选C。]12．A.company　B．computerC．business　D．competitionB　[根据“theInternetwhenheuseditforthefirsttimein1995”可知，马云之前没有使用电脑的经验。故选B。]13．A.disappointedwith　B．crazyaboutC．addictedto　D．skepticalaboutB　[根据“Itwasthen________hedecidedtofoundanInternetcompanyforChina.”可知，因为对电脑着迷，所以决定创立互联网公司。故选B。]14．A.surprised　B．excited\nC．desperate　D．helplessA　[根据“thatnoChinesebeersturnedupintheresults”(发现搜索结果中没有中国啤酒)可知，在搜索之后，没有发现中国啤酒，因此感到很惊讶。故选A。]15．A.when　B．where　C．that　D．howC　[“Itis＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其他成分”为强调句的基本句型，此处对时间状语then进行强调，需用that。故选C。]Ⅲ.语法填空(2020·广东省广州市天河区高考英语模拟二)Somemisunderstandingisputtingsharkpopulationsatrisknow.Thousandsofsharksaredyingas1.________resultofpeople'sfalsebeliefs.Femalesharksneedmalestomakebabies.Somefemalesharkshavetheabilitytoproduceababybythemselvesandhaveyoungsharks2.________amaleshark.3.________iscommonlyseeninplantsandinsectslikeantsandbees.Sharkfinshavemedicalfunction.Traditionally,sharkfinsoup4.________(believe)tohavehealthbenefitsandisquitespecialinChina.5.________modernscientistspointoutthatsharktissuecanbe6.________(extreme)highinpoison.What'smore,sharkfishingkillsupto100millionanimalseachyear,7.________(endanger)severaldifferentspecies.Ifyou'rebittenbyashark,youwillbeagoner.Youaremorethantwiceaslikely8.________(die)fromalightningstrikeasfromasharkbite,accordingtotheFloridaMuseum'sInternationalSharkAttackFile(ISAF).“Evenifyouarebitten,thelarge9.________(major)ofpeoplesurvive，”saysDr.Chapman.Thereweresixtysixunprovoked(无端的)sharkbiteincidentsaroundtheworldin2018,onlysixof10.________weredangerous,accordingtotheISAF.【语篇解读】　本文讲述一些误解正在使鲨鱼种群处于危险之中，成千上万的鲨鱼因为人们的错误信仰而死亡。1．a　[考查冠词。asaresultof由于……的结果，为固定搭配，故填a。]2．without　[考查介词。句意：一些雌性鲨鱼没有雄性鲨鱼也有能力自己生产一个婴儿。表示“没有”，后跟名词，所以用介词without，故填without。]3．It　[考查it的用法。指代前面句子，后面为句号，所以用人称代词it，故填It。]4．isbelieved　[考查时态及语态。句意：鱼翅具有医疗功能。传统上，人们认为鱼翅汤对健康有益，在中国很特别。表示“被认为”，所以用被动语态，描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，主语为单数名词，故填isbelieved。]\n5．But　[考查连词。句意：鱼翅具有医疗功能。传统上，人们认为鱼翅汤对健康有益，在中国很特别。但现代科学家指出，鱼翅组织的毒性极高。前后是转折关系，故填But。]6．extremely　[考查副词。修饰形容词，所以用副词，故填extremely。]7．endangering　[考查现在分词。句子主语和endanger之间是主动关系，表示前面句子的直接结果，所以用现在分词作结果主语，故填endangering。]8．todie　[考查不定式。belikelytodosth.可能做某事，故填todie。]9．majority　[考查名词。thelargemajorityof大多数，为固定搭配，故填majority。]10．which　[考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为incidents，在非限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语，故填which引导。]Ⅳ.应用文写作假定你是李华，给你开网店的美国朋友Jack写封信，请他代卖你爷爷制作的工艺品(工艺品自定)。要点如下：1．描述工艺品外形、材料等；2．介绍工艺品的特点；3．告知工艺品的价格。注意：1.词数80左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】DearJack，Howisyouronlinebusiness?Couldyoudomeafavor?Mygrandfatherisawellknowncraftsman.HeisanexpertatmakingtraditionalChineseclayfigureslikeGuanYu,JiangZiya,Nezha.Eachfigureismadeofclay,2inchesinsize,whichispaintedindifferentcolours.Withvariousfacialexpressions,theclayfiguresarelifelike,eachenjoyinganinterestingstory.Forexample,ChinesepeoplelikeGuanYu,thinkinghecandriveoutevilspiritsandkeeppeoplesafe.Hereisapictureofeachfigure.Iwillwriteanintroductionofeachfigureandpackitinabeautifulgiftbox.Bytheway,Icansupplythemat$1each,andyoucansellthemataproperprice.Hopingitwillbenefitbothofus.Thanks!\nBestwishes!Yours，LiHua