2023版高考英语一轮复习10生命的意义与价值课时提能练含解析202303172114

课时提能练(十)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(山东省济宁市2020届高三3月自我检测)OneeveningIwassittinginmysittingroomfeelingsobored.Insteadoffeelingsorryformyself,IwantedtomeetpeopleandhavenewexperiencessoIdecidedtostartvolunteering.IsearchedonmylaptopandfoundawebsitewhereIcouldvolunteeronafarminFrance.Workingonafarmwasanewexperienceforme.Itwasbasicallyafreeholidayasfoodandaccommodationwereprovided.However,itwasnotatypicalholidayasIhadtolookafterfifteenhorsesandsleepatthetopofatowerinacastle!IwasanawfulfarmerbutitdidnotmatterbecauseImadesomegreatfriends.However,youdonotneedtogoabroadtovolunteer.Ihavehadplentyofadventuresathomesovolunteeringcanbecomeahobby.Forexample,IlovesingingsoIhadagoodlaughwavingmyarmsinanattempttoconductmylocalchoir.Ididslowlyimproveanditfeltgreattoconductthechoirataconcert.Atuniversity，Iorganizedaconcertforcharitywithmyfriends.Itwasreallyfunfindingbandsandraisingmoneyforacausewebelievein.Itistruethatyoufeelgoodwhenvolunteeringbuttherearealsootheradvantages.Ioncevolunteeredasaserveratacharitysportseventwheretheorganizersgavemecupcakestothankmeformyservices.IalsovolunteeredinacharityshopsoIfoundloadsofnicecheapclothestoupdatemywardrobe.Whilethisisallfun,myfavoriteaspectofvolunteeringiscreatingandsharingstories.Myterribleattemptsatfarminghavegivenmehilariousstoriestotell!Talkingtovolunteersfromdifferentcountriesandbackgroundshasalsohelpedmelearnmoreabouttheworld.Ifeelthankfultohavehadsomuchfunwithmanynicepeoplethankstovolunteering.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者认为做志愿者很有趣，并生动地描述了他的几次做志愿者的经历，最后指出在做志愿者的同时，自己还收获了很多其他的东西。1．Whydidtheauthorwanttovolunteer?A．Hewantedtogoabroad.B．Hewantedtobeafarmer.C．Hefeltashamedofhimself.D．Hewantedtotastenewlifeandmakefriends.D　[细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“Iwantedtomeetpeopleandhavenew\nexperiencessoIdecidedtostartvolunteering”可知，作者想要遇见更多的人并丰富自己的经历，所以想要做志愿者，故选D项。]2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hilarious”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．Funny.　　　　　B．Negative.C．Awful.D．Sad.A　[词义猜测题。画线词所在的最后一段提到，作者对于志愿者活动最喜欢的部分就是创造和分享故事，他在农场的经历让他有许多有趣的故事可讲，同时和来自不同国家和背景的志愿者交谈也帮助作者更多地了解世界。由此可推知，hilarious应与funny意思相近。故选A项。]3．Whatvolunteeringworkdidtheauthordo?A．Takingcareofsheep.B．Helpinginacharityshop.C．HelpinginanItalianfarm.D．Conductingachoiratasportsevent.B　[细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知，作者在农场的工作是照顾马，故排除A项。根据倒数第二段最后一句中的“Ialsovolunteeredinacharityshop”可知，B项正确。根据第一段最后一句可知，作者是在法国的一个农场做志愿者而不是在意大利的农场，故C项错误。根据第三段第四句中的“conductthechoirataconcert”和第四段第二句中的“Ioncevolunteeredasaserveratacharitysportsevent”可知，D项属于典型的“张冠李戴”，将文中出现的两件事混合在一起构成选项。]4．Howdoestheauthorfeelaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Curious.B．Anxious.C．Grateful.D．Cautious.C　[细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“Ifeelthankfultohavehadsomuchfunwithmanynicepeoplethankstovolunteering.”可知，作者非常欣慰志愿者工作给他带来的快乐，故作者对志愿者工作的态度应是感激的。故选C项。]BInher17yearsonthisearth,ShreyaaVenkathasdonemoretohelptheplanetandthepeoplelivingonitthanmanyadults.Thenonprofitorganizationshefounded,NEST4US,hashelpedtensofthousandsofpeopleintheUnitedStates.Throughit，volunteershaveservedover12,000homelesspeopleintheWashington,D．C.areabyprovidingfoodandothersupplies.Venkat'spassionforhelpingothersstartedassoonasshecouldwalk,asher\nparents,activevolunteersthemselves，broughtheralongontheirvariousprojects,likesomecreativewaystovolunteer.Byfifthgrade,she'ddevelopedsuchenthusiasmforitthatshestartedorganizingherownserviceprojectsinhercommunity.NEST4USwasbornwhensherealizedhowmuchfoodwastethereis,howmanyhungrypeoplethereare,andhowsimpleitwouldbetousetheformertohelpthelatter.“TherewasahomelessmanstandingonacornerinD．C.andhewasholdingasignthatsaid‘HungryNeedFood’，”sherecalls.“SoIgavehimmylunchandhiswholefacejustlitup.Itwassoeasy,itonlytookme30seconds,anditreallyhelpedhim.”AsNEST4UStookoff,withhundredsofvolunteershelpingtofeedthousandsofhungrypeople,Venkatdecidedtobranchoutwithhervolunteers'efforts,startingthreeotherbranchesofNEST4US.Servingothershadbecomesuchawayoflifeforherthatsheevencelebratedher13thbirthdayatahomelessshelter,bringingthepartytotheminsteadofexpectinggiftsforherself.Asmuchasshehashelpedothers,they'vehelpedhertoo.NotonlydoesshegetalotofjoyandpersonalsatisfactionfromhervolunteerworkbutrunningNEST4UShastaughtherimportantlifeskillsliketimemanagement,publicspeaking,writing，andleadership.“Whatitreallygavemeisthisopinionofputtingotherpeoplefirst，”shesays.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述的是由于受到父母的影响，文卡特从小就乐于助人，并在后来创立了名为NEST4US的非营利慈善组织，为华盛顿特区的流浪人士提供食物和生活用品。5．WhatcanwelearnaboutNEST4USfromthefirstparagraph?A．Itsmainaimistomakemoney.B．Itofferspeoplecheapsupplies.C．Ittakesinallhomelesspeople.D．Itisacharityorganization.D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thenonprofitorganizationshefounded，NEST4US，hashelped...volunteershaveservedover12,000homelesspeopleintheWashington，D.C.areabyprovidingfoodandothersupplies.”可知，NEST4US这个组织是非营利性的，主要为华盛顿的流浪人士提供食物和必需品，由此可知，它是一个慈善组织。故选D项。]6．WhatcausedVenkattosetupNEST4US?A．Herparents'constantsuggestions.\nB．Thememoryofherhardchildhood.C．Herexperienceofhelpingahungryman.D．Volunteers'greatinfluenceonher.C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“NEST4USwasbornwhensherealizedhowmuchfoodwastethereis，howmanyhungrypeoplethereare，andhowsimpleitwouldbetousetheformertohelpthelatter.”和文卡特自述的内容可知，帮助一个流浪者吃到饭的经历，让她意识到有很多饥饿的人需要接济，从而产生了创立NEST4US的想法。故选C项。]7．WhydidVenkatspendher13thbirthdayatahomelessshelter?A．Sheheldagrandpartyformanypeople.B．Shecouldreceivemanynicegiftsthere.C．Shegotmuchpersonalsatisfactionfromit.D．Shesawhelpingothersaspartofherlife.D　[细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Servingothershadbecomesuchawayoflifeforherthatsheevencelebratedher13thbirthdayatahomelessshelter，bringingthepartytotheminsteadofexpectinggiftsforherself.”可知，为他人服务已经成了文卡特的生活方式，因此她才会在流浪者收容所庆祝自己的生日，将快乐的聚会带给他们。故选D项。]8．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeShreyaaVenkat?A．Caring.　　　　　B．Ambitious.C．Humorous.D．Demanding.A　[推理判断题。根据全文内容，尤其是第四段最后一句中的“Servingothershadbecomesuchawayoflifeforher”可知，文卡特专注于慈善事业，热衷于帮助他人。由此可推知，她是一个善良、富有同情心的人，故选A项，caring意为“乐于助人的”。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2020年济南五校高三教学质量检测)TheGloverkidsinNewburgh,NewYork,wanttomakealittleextramoneythemselvesbeforeschoolopens.So,earlierthisweek，theysetupalemonadestandonthesideoftheroad.1wasgoodduringtherushhour,atwhichpointsomepoliceofficerspulledup,and2WhitneyGlover,motheroftheyoungenterprisers，thatsome3personhadcalledtomakecomplaintsaboutkids'sellinglemonade.Now,inmoststories,that'swhenthepolice4thestand，tellingkidstotakeafoodhandlingcourse,andgeta5fromtherelateddepartment...Thenthechildrengohomecompletely6，fortheirenterpriseisbroken.Butnotinthis7.Thepoliceofficerssaidthekidsweren'tdoinganythingwrong，8\ncreatingabitofatrafficjam,andtheirmotivationshouldbe9.Thekidsalsopromisedtomake10totheirscheduletoavoidtrafficproblems.After11foraphotowiththekids,theyleft.Whitneypostedthepictureonsocialmediawithexplanatorywords.The12storyhascreatedagreatdealoflocal13andthelemonadebusinessisnowbooming.Dozensofcustomershave14forlemonade.“Everysingletimeyoubuyaglass,childrenlookamazedbythe15oftimeandeffortstocoinsintheirhands，”Whitneysaid.【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。一群孩子摆摊卖柠檬水，有人举报。警察去了以后并没有责令孩子们撤掉摊位或者处罚他们，而是鼓励了他们的创业精神。1．A.Progress　B．Business　C．Budget　D．PurposeB　[结合语境可知，在上下班高峰期时生意(business)不错。]2．A.demandedB．proposedC．warnedD．informedD　[根据下文中的“thatsome________personhadcalledtomakecomplaintsaboutkids'sellinglemonade”可知，警察通知(inform)孩子们的母亲，有人投诉孩子们的摊位。]3．A.bitterB．generousC．anxiousD．responsibleA　[根据下文中的“makecomplaintsaboutkids'sellinglemonade”“creatingabitofatrafficjam”可知，打电话投诉的人对孩子们在上下班高峰期摆摊感到愤愤不平。bitter在此处表示“愤愤不平的”。]4．A.takeoverB．leaveoutC．shutdownD．driveawayC　[结合语境以及下文的“Thenthechildrengohome...theirenterpriseisbroken”可知，通常在这时，警察会让孩子们的摊位停止营业(shutdown)。]5．A.courseB．permitC．fundD．recordB　[根据空后的“fromtherelateddepartment”可知，此处表示告诉孩子们从有关部门取得一张许可证(permit)。]6．A.surprisedB．frightenedC．depressedD．confusedC\n　[根据语境可知，(如果)孩子们的生意被迫停业，他们会很沮丧地回家。depressed“沮丧的”。]7．A.contextB．caseC．reasonD．respectB　[根据下文中的“Thepoliceofficerssaidthekidsweren'tdoinganythingwrong”可推测，警察并没有让孩子们停止营业，所以此处表示上文提到的事在这种情况(case)下并没有发生。]8．A.otherthanB．insteadofC．asforD．duetoA　[除了(otherthan)造成一点交通拥挤之外，孩子们并没有做错什么，而且他们的积极性应该被赞扬(celebrate)。]9．A.managedB．preventedC．celebratedD．reflectedC　[参见上题解析。celebrate在此处表示“赞扬，赞美，歌颂”。]10．A.contributionsB．differencesC．objectionsD．adjustmentsD　[结合上文提到的交通拥堵和空后的“theirscheduletoavoidtrafficproblems”可知，孩子们承诺会对营业时间做出调整(adjustment)以避免造成交通问题。]11．A.posingB．accountingC．preparingD．searchingA　[根据下文中的“postedthepictureonsocialmedia”可知，此处表示警察摆姿势(pose)和孩子们合照。pose“(为画像、摄影)摆好姿势”。]12．A.refreshingB．movingC．amusingD．convincingA　[根据上文信息可知，这件事跟通常的情况不同，所以说这是一个令人耳目一新的(refreshing)故事。]13．A.apologyB．changeC．supportD．discussionC　[根据下文中的“thelemonadebusinessisnowbooming”可知，孩子们得到了当地人的大力支持(support)。]14．A.stoodoutB．stoodbyC．stoppedoutD．stoppedbyD　[人们纷纷顺路过来买柠檬水。standout“出色，杰出，更为重要”；standby“袖手旁观”；stopout“夜里很晚不回家”；stopby“顺便拜访，顺路探望”。]15．A.transformationB．devotion\nC．attachmentD．supplementA　[结合语境可知，此处表示孩子们看到自己的时间和努力转变为手中的硬币很惊喜。transformation“转变”。]Ⅲ.语法填空(山东省威海市2020届高考模拟考试)Leatherisahugelypopularmaterialforarangeofproducts,butthis1.________(popular)comesataprice.Thegloballeatherindustrykillsoverabillionanimalseveryyear.This2.________(cause)manytoaskthequestion：Isitpossibletomeettheglobaldemandforleatherwithout3.________(do)anyharmtoanimals?Aprocesscalledbiofabrication(生物制造)maybetheanswer.Biofabricationisnotnew.Itisalreadycommonlyusedinmedicine.Scientistshaveappliedthetechniquetogrowbodypartslikeears,skin,andbonesfortransplants(移植).Butitcanalso4.________(use)tomakeotherproducts,suchasleather.Scientistswillbeabletomakebiofabricatedleatherwithwhateverqualitiestheywant,suchasextrasoftness,greaterstrength,orevendifferentcolorsandpatterns.Buthow5.________(exact)doesbiofabricationwork？6.________(grow)leather,scientistsbeginbytakingsomecellsfromananimal,nothurting7.________animalinanyway.Theythensetthecellsapartandgrowtheminalab.Thisprocesstakesmillionsofcellsandexpandsthemintobillions.Next,thescientiststakethecellsandspreadthemouttoformthinsheets，8.________arethenputtogethertocombineintoalittle9.________(thick)sheets.Anyonecanthendyeandfinishtheleatheranddesignitinanywaytheylike.AndrasForgacssupportsbiofabrication.Hesaysitmayevenbea“naturalevolutionofmanufacturingformankind”.Wewillbeabletomaketheproductsweneedinanefficient,responsible，10.________creativeway.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。皮革是一种非常受欢迎的材料，可以用来制作一系列产品。但这种受欢迎是有代价的，会伤害到大量的动物。于是科学家发明了生物制造法，在不伤害动物的情况下满足全世界对皮革制品的需求。本文详细介绍了这一方法的制作原理及过程。1．popularity　[考查词性转换。句意：皮革是一种非常受欢迎的材料，可以用来制作一系列产品，但这种受欢迎是有代价的。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作主语，应用名词形式，故填popularity。]2．hascaused/causes\n　[考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：这使得许多人会问这样一个问题：有没有可能在对动物不造成任何伤害的情况下满足全世界对皮革的需求呢？分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语；根据语境可知，此处既可理解为cause这一动作已经产生并对现在有影响，也可理解为描述客观情况，故用现在完成时或一般现在时；主语this为单数概念，谓语动词也应用单数形式，故填hascaused/causes。]3．doing　[考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，设空处作介词without的宾语，应用动名词形式，故填doing。]4．beused　[考查动词的语态。句意：但它也可以被用来制造其他产品，比如皮革。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语；句子的主语it指的是前文中的thetechnique，与use之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态；且前有情态动词can，其后be动词应用原形。故填beused。]5．exactly　[考查词性转换。句意：但是生物制造究竟是如何运作的呢？设空处修饰谓语动词work，应用副词，故填exactly。]6．Togrow　[考查非谓语动词。句意：为了生产皮革，科学家们首先在不以任何方式伤害动物的前提下，从一只动物身上提取一些细胞。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词begin，故设空处应用非谓语形式；根据句意可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填Togrow。]7．the　[考查冠词。句意见上一题解析。设空处后的animal意为“动物”，为可数名词；且空前已经提到这只动物，此处表示特指，应用定冠词修饰，故填the。]8．which　[考查定语从句。句意：接下来，科学家们将细胞收集起来，并将细胞展开摊成薄的细胞层，然后再将它们叠放在一起，形成更厚一点儿的细胞层。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为thinsheets，且从句中缺少主语，故填关系代词which。]9．thicker　[考查形容词的比较等级。句意见上一题解析。分析句子成分可知，设空处修饰后面的名词sheets，作定语，应用形容词；且根据句意可知，此处表示比较含义，故填thicker。]10．and　[考查连词。句意：我们将能够以一种高效、负责和创造性的方式生产我们需要的产品。分析句子结构可知，efficient，responsible和creative为并列的三个形容词，作定语修饰名词way，故填and。]