2023版高考英语一轮复习30主要国家地理概况课时提能练含解析202303172136

课时提能练(三十)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·广东肇庆统考，A)AttractiveLakesideCottagesandCabinsLafitte'sLandingGuestQuarters,TexasTherearefivecottagesfeaturinghighceilingsandspaciousbedrooms.Lafitte'sLandingisacertifiedBackyardWildlifeHabitat,soyoudon'thavetogofarforbirdwatching.Explorethelakeonasteamboat,orheadtoCaddoLakeStateParkfornightadventuressuchasOwlNightsandBatWatches.Rates：Summernightlyratesrangefrom$559to$1,899.LakePlacidLodge,LakePlacid,NewYorkWith17cabinssittingalongtheshoresofLakePlacid,theartsandcraftsstyleLakePlacidLodgeoffersanexcitingsummerlakeexperience.Lakefrontcabinscomeoutfittedwithhandbuiltbedsandstonefireplaces.Goforahike,orhitthelakeforswimming,fishing,orboating.Rates：Ratesare$120pernightfordoubleoccupancy；eachadditionalpersonis$20pernight.LakeCrescentLodge,OlympicNationalPark，WashingtonItscottagesandcabinsarelistedontheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces.ChoosebetweenoneandtwobedroomSingerTavernCottages,orstayinthealwaysfavored(andoftenbooked)RooseveltFireplaceCabins.SpendyourdayshikinginthesurroundingOlympicNationalPark，orexploringLakeCrescentbyboat.Rates:Nightlyratesforcottagesandcabinsrangebetween$317and$398.TamarackLodge&Resort,MammothLakes,CaliforniaItisonthepeacefulshoresoftheTwinLakes.ChoosebetweenrecentlybuiltDeluxeCabinsandoldwoodandstonecabins.Swimming,fishing,boating,biking,andhikingarepopularpastimes.Rates:Summercabinratesrangefrom$369to$999pernight.【语篇解读】　本文为应用文。主要讲述了几个适合游玩的迷人的湖边小屋并描述了每个景点的特点。1．Wherecanyouobservebatsatnight?A．AtCaddoLakeStatePark.B．AtLakePlacid.\nC．AtOlympicNationalPark.D．AttheTwinLakes.A　[细节理解题。根据文章Lafitte'sLandingGuestQuarters，Texas介绍部分中的“Explorethelakeonasteamboat，orheadtoCaddoLakeStateParkfornightadventuressuchasOwlNightsandBatWatches.”可知，前往卡多湖州立公园进行夜游，可以看到蝙蝠，故答案为A项。]2．IfthreepeopleshareoneroominLakePlacidLodge,howmuchwilltheypay?A．$60.　　B．$120.　　C．$140.　　D．$360.C　[细节理解题。根据LakePlacidLodge，LakePlacid，NewYork介绍部分中的“Rates：Ratesare$120pernightfordoubleoccupancy；eachadditionalpersonis$20pernight.”可知，三个人住一个房间的话，收费应该是140美元，故选C项。]3．Whichofthefollowingisdifficulttoreserve?A．CottagesatLafitte'sLandingGuestQuarters.B．CabinsatLakePlacidLodge.C．DeluxeCabins.D．RooseveltFireplaceCabins.D　[推理判断题。根据文章LakeCrescentLodge，OlympicNationalPark，Washington介绍部分中的“ChoosebetweenoneandtwobedroomSingerTavernCottages，orstayinthealwaysfavored(andoftenbooked)RooseveltFireplaceCabins.”可知，难预订的是RooseveltFireplaceCabins，故选D项。]B(2020·广东肇庆统考，C)Youhaveprobablyreadthatrobotsreplacinghumanlaborasaneweraofautomationtakesrootinoneindustryafteranother.Butanewreportsuggestshumansarenottheonlyoneswhomightlosetheirjobs.InNewZealand,farmersareusingdrones(无人机)toherdandmonitorcowsandsheep,takingupapositionthathighlyintelligentdogshaveheldformorethanacentury.Therobotshavenotreplacedthedogsentirely,RadioNewZealandreports,buttheyhaveappropriated(盗用)oneoftheanimal'smostpowerfultools:barking.TheDJIMavicEnterprise,a$3,500dronefavoredbyfarmers,hasafeaturethatletsthemachinerecordsoundsandplaythemoveraloudspeaker,givingthemachinetheabilitytoactasthedogs.CoreyLambeth,ashepherdonafarm,toldRNZthemachinesaresurprisinglyeffective.“That'stheonethingI'venoticedwhenyou'removingcowsthattheold\ncowsstanduptothedogs,butwiththedrones,they'veneverdonethat.”hesaid,notingthedronesmovecowsfaster,withlessstress，thanthedogsdo.Thedronescomeinhandyformorethanjustherdingcowsandsheep.Therobotsallowfarmerstomonitortheirlandfromafar,monitoringwaterandfeedlevelsandcheckingontheanimals'healthwithoutdisturbingthem.JasonRentoultoldRNZthatatwohourherdingjobthatusedtorequiretwopeopleandtwoteamsofdogscouldbeaccomplishedin45minutesusingasingledrone.“Beingonahillyfarmwherealotofstuffisdoneonfoot,thedronesreallysavealotofmanhours，”hesaid.Fornow,farmerssay,thereisstillaneedforherdingdogs,primarilybecausetheyhavealongerlifespanthandrones，canworkinbadweatheranddonotrequireanelectricalsocketeveryfewhourstorecharge.【语篇解读】　本文为说明文。文章以新西兰的农民用无人机代替牧羊犬来放牧牛羊说明了无人机的优点，但其本身也存在不足之处。4．Whatisthemainadvantageofthedronesoverherdingdogs?A．Thedronescantakeupajobthatthedogshardlydowellanylonger.B．Thedronescanfrightentheoldcowswhicharenotafraidofthedogs.C．Thedronescanfinishaherdingjobmoreefficientlythanthedogs.D．Thedronescanworkonahillyfarmandinextremeweatherwhilethedogscan't.C　[推理判断题。根据文章第二至第四段的内容可知，与牧羊犬相比，无人机的主要优势是它们能比狗更有效地完成放牧任务，故选C项。]5．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Herdingdogswillgraduallylosetheirpositiononthefarmland.B．Thedronescanonlycopythedogs'barkingwiththecurrenttechnology.C．Thedronesaremultifunctionalandleavetheanimalsundisturbed.D．ThemarketfortheDJIMavicEnterpriseisprettysmallbecauseofitshighprice.C　[推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“That'stheonethingI'venoticedwhenyou'removingcowsthattheoldcowsstanduptothedogs，butwiththedrones，they'veneverdonethat.”可知，无人机是多功能的，可以让动物不被打扰，故选C项。]6．Accordingtothepassage,whycan'tthedronesreplacethedogsentirely?A．Becausethedronescan'tbarkasloudlyasthedogsdo.B．Becausecowsarenotusedtoseeingthedrones.\nC．Becausethedronesaremuchmoreexpensivethantheanimals.D．Becausethedrones'powerislimitedandtheyneedchargingfromtimetotime.D　[细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知，无人机不能完全代替狗是因为无人机的电量有限，它们需要不时地充电，故选D项。]7．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthedronesinthepassage?A．Supportive.　　　　　B．Objective.C．Critical.D．Doubtful.B　[推理判断题。文章作者不仅说明了无人机在帮助农民放牧和监视牛羊方面存在的优势，也点出了其能量有限，需要不时地充电和在恶劣天气下不便于工作的缺点。由此可知，作者对无人机的态度是客观的，故选B项。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2020·江苏南京高考5月模拟)AtthemidMayin2018，the69yearoldamputee(被截肢者)XiaBoyufinallystoodproudlyontwoartificiallegsonthepeakofMountQomolangma，asymbolshowcasingtotheworldthepowerof1.Morethan40yearsago，Xia2bothofhisfeettofrostbiteafterlendinghissleepingbagtoateammemberduringthetriptoclimbMountQomolangma.Eventhoughartificiallegswerenot3inChinaatthetime,Xiastronglybelievedthathewouldonedayfulfillhis4dreamandso，beforethatdaycame，thebestthingtodowasto5himselfbytrainingconstantly.Threeyearslaterhefinallygothisnewlegs，whichenabledhimtocontinuehissportscareer.However，fateonceagaintooka6turnwhenhewasinhis40s.In1993，illnessdevelopedonthestumps(残肢)onhislegs，whichrequired7thirdofhislowerlegsbeamputated.Threeyearsafterthat，hewasdiagnosedwithlymphcancer.Overtheyears，XianevergaveuphisdreamofclimbingMountQomolangma.8tohisfinalsuccessfulclimbin2018，hehadtriedfourothertimestoclimbtothesummit，buteachtimeLadyLuckgavehimthe9.Thelasttimehegotclosetohisdreamwasin2016.Thethen67yearoldwasonly94metersfromthesummit，butasnowstorm10hisway.Takinghisteammembers'11intoconsideration，Xiamadethe12decisiontogoback.OnMay14，Xiafeltreliefandastrongsenseoffulfillment13inhim，standingonthepeakofthehighestmountainintheworld.\n“Thekeyistofocusonyourdreams，insteadofthe14youencounteralongtheway.Ididn'tregretanythingthatIhaddoneandacceptedeverythingthatlifehad15me，butIneverstoppedfightingagainstfate，”Xiasaid，stressingthatfulfillingone'sdreamhasnothingtodowithage，disabilityorthethoughtsorexpectationsofothers，butafirm/beliefinyourself.【语篇解读】　这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了夏伯宇不断尝试登顶珠穆朗玛峰的经历。终于在2018年5月中旬，69岁的截肢者夏伯宇用两条义肢自豪地站在了珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰，向世界展示了梦想的力量。这告诉我们：实现梦想无关年龄，残疾或他人的想法和期望，只与自己坚定的信念有关。1．A.strength　B．dreams　C．confidence　D．mindB　[根据“the69yearoldamputee(被截肢者)XiaBoyufinallystoodproudontwoartificiallegsonthepeakofMountQomolangma”可知此处表示梦想的力量。故选B。]2．A.costB．gaveC．lostD．paidC　[根据“stoodproudlyontwoartificiallegs”可知此处表示失去了双腿。故选C。]3．A.affordableB．acceptableC．availableD．reachableC　[根据下文“Threeyearslaterhefinallygothisnewlegs”可知那时还没有假肢。故选C。]4．A.unfinishedB．unchallengedC．unsolvedD．unreachedA　[根据“beforethatdaycame”可知此处表示未完成的梦想。故选A。]5．A.pressureB．presentC．preserveD．prepareD　[根据“bytrainingconstantly”可知此处表示他通过不断的训练来为自己做准备。故选D。]6．A.suddenB．sharpC．darkD．goodC　[根据下文“Threeyearsafterthat,hewasdiagnosedwithlymphcancer.”可知此处表示命运再次发生了黑暗的转折。故选C。]7．A.oneB．anotherC．theotherD．other\nB　[根据“thirdofhislowerlegsbeamputated”可知此处表示又有三分之一的小腿被截肢。故选B。]8．A.PreviousB．ContraryC．BackD．SimilarA　[根据“hehadtriedfourothertimestoclimbtothesummit”可知表示在2018年最后一次成功登顶之前。故选A。]9．A.toughnutB．redcarpetC．coldshoulderD．laststrawC　[根据转折词but可知此处表示每次都遭到了幸运女神的冷遇。故选C。]10．A.blanketedB．blockedC．bathedD．smoothedB　[根据“butasnowstorm”可知此处表示暴风雪挡住了他的去路。故选B。]11．A.honourB．safetyC．creditD．struggleB　[根据上文“asnowstorm”可知此处表示考虑到队员的安全。故选B。]12．A.finalB．disappointingC．wiseD．heartbreakingD　[根据“decisiontogoback”可知这个决定是令他心碎的。故选D。]13．A.welledupB．showedupC．cameupD．sprangupA　[根据“astrongsenseoffulfillment”可知此处表示一种强烈的成就感涌现出来了。故选A。]14．A.distrustB．doubtC．hardshipsD．criticismC　[根据“insteadof”和“youencounteralongtheway”可知此处表示一路上遇到的困难。故选C。]15．A.thrownatB．providedforC．arrangedforD．distributedtoA　[根据“acceptedeverything”可知此处接受生活扔向我的一切。故选A。]Ⅲ.语法填空(2019·东北师大附中等六校联考)OnOctober23,2018,PresidentXiannouncedtheopeningoftheHongKongZhuhaiMacaoBridge(HZMB)inZhuhai，GuangdongProvince.TheHZMB，1.________(locate)atthewatersoftheLingdingSea，isahuge\nseacrossingproject,linkingHongKong,MacaoandtheChinesemainlandcityofZhuhai.Astheworld's2.________(long)seabasedproject,the55kilometrebridgeistheresultoffiveyearsofresearchandanothernineyearsofbuilding.Ithasbeendescribedasoneofthe“seven3.________(wonder)ofthemodernworld”．Theproject4.________(make)upofseveralparts.Itisdesignedwith5._______servicelifeof120years.Itcanwithstandverystrongwinds.Thebridge'sengineershadtoconsidermanyenvironmentalfactors6.________(protect)the7.________(surround)environmentwhilebuildingthebridge.Chinesewhitedolphins，anendangeredspeciesthatlivesinthearea，8.________(be)aparticularconcern.TheHZMBwillmake9.________muchmoreconvenienttotravelbetweenthethreeareasitconnects.ItwillbringpeopleinHongKong,MacaoandGuangdongwithina“onehourlivingcircle”，10.________isexpectedtoattractmorevisitors.Itwillbeatransportlinkaswellasasocial,economic,cultural,andtourismconnectionamongthethreeareas.【语篇解读】　连接香港、珠海和澳门的港珠澳大桥正式通车，文章介绍了这座大桥。1．located　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处作后置定语。locate为及物动词，常用于“belocated＋介词”结构，意为“位于……”，故设空处用过去分词作后置定语。]2．longest　[考查形容词。比较范围为“全世界”，故用形容词最高级longest。]3．wonders　[考查名词。wonder意为“奇迹”，为可数名词，被seven修饰，故用其复数形式wonders。]4．ismade　[考查动词时态和语态。本句主语为“Theproject”，与谓语动词构成被动关系，且描述客观事实用一般现在时，故填ismade。bemadeupof由……组成/构成。]5．a　[考查冠词。此处表示它的使用寿命为120年。设空处表泛指，service以辅音音素开头，故填冠词a。]6．toprotect　[考查非谓语动词。此处表示“考虑很多环境因素以保护周围的环境”，故用不定式表目的。]7．surrounding　[考查形容词。句意：这座桥的工程师在建造这座桥时必须考虑许多环境因素来保护周围的环境。environment为名词，前面需要形容词修饰，surrounding为形容词，表示“周围的”。]8．were　[考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：中华白海豚，一种生活在该地区的濒危物种，是一个令人尤为关注的问题。结合上文可知是在描述修桥时遇到的困难，且发生在过去，故用一般过去时，主语为复数形式，故填were。]9．it\n　[考查代词。句意：港珠澳大桥将使它连接的三个地区之间的通行更加方便。make后需要用形式宾语it，不定式短语为真正的宾语。]10．which　[考查定语从句。此处表示，这预计将吸引更多的游客。设空处引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，指代上文整句话，故用which。]