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2023版高考英语一轮复习12创新与创业意识课时提能练含解析202303172116

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课时提能练(十二)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(山东省临沂市2020届高三一模考试)Wespendathirdofouradultlifeworkingandanotherbigpartpreparingforourcareers.Historically,workwasrarelyseenasasourceofmeaningandpurpose.Duringthevastmajorityofour300,000yearhumanevolution(进化),workwasinfactprettysimple.Weworkedtoeatandavoidbeingeaten.Meaningandpurposecamefromsomewhereelse,likeculture,art,orscience.Theideathatwearemeanttofindmeaningatworkortofindworkmeaningful—isarathermodern,orratherpostmodern,invention.Onlyonehundredyearsagoitwouldhavebeenfrequenttoseeworkerswhoreturnedfromatypicalworkdayatfactoriescomplaintotheirfolksthattheydidn'tearnmuchortheywerewornoutbutraretoseetheycomplaintheydidn'texperienceasenseofpurpose.Similarly,theideathatweoughttobringour“wholeself”toworkisaprettynovelandrecentformofcareeradvice.ItsoriginscanbetracedtoWilliamKahnwhoinventedtheconceptofemployeeengagement30yearsago.Hispointwasthatemployeesdifferinthedegreetowhichtheyidentifywiththeirworkroles.Someseeworkasmerelyajobandclockinandouteveryday,withoutbringingtheirwholeselftowork.Workisjustnotacoreaspectoftheiridentities,andtheirconceptofthemselvesisbuiltonothersocialcategorieslikemother,husband,American,captainofthelocalsoccerteam,etc.Others,however,haveaveryclosepsychologicalconnectionwiththeirworkroles,seeingthemasanessentialthingintertwined(紧密相连的)withwhotheyare.Theydon'tjustcometowork.Theyarefullydevotedtotheircareersandhaveaspiritualtypeofconnectionwiththeirjobs.Theyare,itseems,almostpossessedbyworkandarethetypeofworkaholics(工作狂)mostcompanieslongfor.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。人的一生中,成年后大约有三分之一的时间都在工作,人们还用很多时间为职业做准备。然而从历史上来看,工作很少被看作人生意义和目标的来源。工作的意义以及全身心投入工作这些概念直到现代才出现。1.Whydidwespendmuchofouradultlifeworkingduringtheprocessofevolution?A.Toprepareforfuturecareers.B.Tofindthewatersources.C.Tohelpusevolve.D.Tomakeussurvive.\nD [细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句“Weworkedtoeatandavoidbeingeaten.”可知,人类在进化过程中花大量时间劳动是为了获取食物,并且避免成为别人的食物,即为了生存,故选D项。]2.Whydidthewritermentiontheworkersacenturyago?A.Tohelpusfindmeaningatwork.B.Toprovethattheideawasmodern.C.Toshowusthebadolddays.D.Tocomplainabouttheexperiences.B [推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Theideathatwearemeanttofindmeaningatworkortofindworkmeaningful—isarathermodern,orratherpostmodern,invention.”可知,在工作中寻求意义这种概念直到现代才有,紧跟着提到一百年前的工人的例子正是为了说明这一点,故选B项。]3.WhichofthefollowingmightWilliamKahnagreewith?A.Employeeshavedifferentunderstandingoftheirworkroles.B.Everyemployeemustbringtheirwholeselftowork.C.Tobedevotedtoworkisaprettynovelidea.D.Workers'coreidentityisbuiltonartcategories.A [推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“Hispointwasthatemployeesdifferinthedegreetowhichtheyidentifywiththeirworkroles.”可知,他认为员工们对于自己工作角色的认同程度是因人而异的,故选A项。]4.Whatkindofemployeesdomostcompaniesfavor?A.Thosewhoseeworkasajob.B.Thosewhoidentifywiththeirworkroles.C.Thosewhoarefullydevotedtotheirwork.D.Thosewhopossessexperience.C [细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“Theyare,itseems,almostpossessedbyworkandarethetypeofworkaholics(工作狂)mostcompanieslongfor.”可知,大多数公司期望工作狂类型的员工,故选C项。]B(河北省唐山市2019-2020学年度高三年级摸底考试)Wehaveheardsomeinterestingnewsabouthow5Gwirelesstechnologymightchangeourlivesinthefuture.5G—shortforthe5thGenerationCellularNetworkTechnology,promisestheInternetspeeds50to100timesfasterthancurrent4Gsystems.While5GissettobeusedinsomelimitedareasofAmericathisyear,muchoftheworldisnotexpected\ntoreceivewidelyavailableserviceuntil2023.OneprojectinBritain,however,isalreadytestingthissuperfasttechnologyonanunlikelygroupoftheInternetusers—cows.TheprojectwasdevelopedbyCiscoSystems,anAmericantechnologycompany.ItalsoreceivesmoneyfromtheBritishgovernment.Ciscosaystheprogramseekstoexplorethefutureof5Gconnectivityinruralareasaroundtheworld.TestingareasweresetuponfarmsinthreeruralareasinEngland.Thecowsareequippedwith5Gconnecteddevicesthatlinkuptoaroboticmilkingsystem,whichusessensorsandmachinelearningtofullyautomatetheprocess.Systemdesignerssaytechnologytakesoverafteracowfeelsreadytobemilkedandwalkstowardanautomaticgate.Thedeviceisdesignedtorecognizeeachindividualcow.Itthenpositionsequipmenttotherightbodypositionformilking.Duringtheprocess,machinesreleasefoodforthecowasareward.Other5Gtechnologytoolsincludeautomatedbrushesthatstartwhenthecowrubsagainstthem.Sensorsalsocontroltheamountoflightinthecows'livingareasdependingontheweather.Andanautomaticfeedingsystemmakessuretheanimalsalwaysgetenoughfoodtoeat.DuncanForbes,headoftheproject,toldReutersthattheprojectshowsthefarm'scowoperationcanbegreatlyimprovedwith5Gtechnologyandthattheexperimentprovidesstrongevidencethat5Gtechnologycanbewidelyusedinthefuture,notjustonfarmsinBritain,butinruralcommunitiesacrosstheworld.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了5G技术的特点及其在英国部分农场中的测试使用。5.WhatisthepurposeofCiscoSystems'program?A.TowinfinancialsupportfromBritishgovernment.B.Totesttheeffectsof5Gtechnologyonanimals.C.TopromoteitstechnologicaldevelopmentinBritain.D.Toexpandthefutureuseof5Ginruralcommunities.D [细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Ciscosaystheprogramseekstoexplorethefutureof5Gconnectivityinruralareasaroundtheworld.”可知,该项目设法探索全世界农村地区5G连接的未来。故选D项。]6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inParagraph3referto?A.Theproject.    B.Thecompany.C.Thetechnology.D.Thegroup.\nA [词义猜测题。根据上文“OneprojectinBritain...TheprojectwasdevelopedbyCiscoSystems,anAmericantechnologycompany.”及画线词所在句可知,这个项目由一家美国科技公司研发,在英国进行实验,所以英国政府投资的应该是这个项目,而不是这家公司。故选A项。]7.Whatcanwelearnabout5Gaccordingtothetext?A.Itisnobetterthan4Gintermsofspeed.B.Itisalreadywidelyavailableintheworld.C.Itenablescowstocontroltheirownmilking.D.Itisbasedonsensorsandmachinelearning.C [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Systemdesignerssaytechnologytakesoverafteracowfeelsreadytobemilkedandwalkstowardanautomaticgate.Thedeviceisdesignedtorecognizeeachindividualcow.Itthenpositionsequipmenttotherightbodypositionformilking.”可知,5G技术使奶牛可以自己控制挤奶。故选C项。]8.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Entertainment.B.Lifestyle.C.Education.D.Technology.D [推理判断题。通读全文可知,本文介绍了5G技术的特点及其在英国部分农场中的测试使用。由此可知,本文应出自报纸的科技版块。]Ⅱ.完形填空Iwokeupwithoutmuchenthusiasm,rolledoutofbedandsattherenotwantingtobelieveIhadtogotoworkagain.Thismustjustbeabaddreamthatneverseemedto1.Ipickedmyselfupintoastandingposition,2slowlybacktowardmycomfortableandwarmbedandhadtousetheverylastounceofstrengthnottoheadbackintoitshug.Whata3itwastogetdressedandheadoutofthedoor!OffIwentto4arrivingjustintime.Then,5,mybosssaidtherewasa(n)6jobtodorightnow.I7thatanybodycoulddothisjobandthatsomebodyelsewouldhavetodoitifIwaitedlongenough.But,nobodyelse8uptothejobandthisleftmewithasinkingfeeling.That'sthesameproblemwithyour9.Manypeopleuseuptheirlifetimetryingto10somebodyelsetodoallthehardworktoimprovetheirownlife.Thereisactuallyalotofdiscomfortwithtakingchargeofyourveryownlifewhileitismuch11toletothersdoit.Therealproblem,however,isthatittakesalotof12tofindsomebodywhowilldoanythingforyou.Yourlifewon'tchange13youarewillingtograbholdofyourlifeandacceptthatnobody\nelsewillevercreatethelifeyouwant.So,stop14anybodytodosomethingforyou.15,getyourownbodygoingandgetitdonenow.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了作者是一个不喜欢工作的人,总是期待有人会替自己把工作做好;后来,作者悟出一个道理:属于自己的工作,不应该期待别人替你做,唯有你自己才能创造自己的幸福。1.A.begin  B.end  C.make  D.shareB [语境推断。根据上文对作者醒来时心情和动作的描述,以及空前的“abaddream”并结合选项可推知,此处指这种爬起来上班的情形就像是一个永无止境的噩梦。end意为“结束;到头”,符合语境。]2.A.glaredB.talkedC.glancedD.walkedC [语境及常识推断。根据空后的“backtowardmycomfortableandwarmbed”和常识可知,此处表示,作者站起身来,慢慢地回头看了一眼自己舒适而温暖的床。glance意为“看一眼;瞥一眼”,符合语境。]3.A.struggleB.surpriseC.shockD.messA [语境推断。根据上文的描述可知,起床出去上班对作者来说是一件痛苦的事情,故此处应指穿上衣服走出门是一件多么困难的事啊!struggle意为“难事”,符合语境。]4.A.schoolB.workC.bedD.hospitalB [复现推断。根据上文中的“Ihadtogotoworkagain”可知,此处指作者去上班。故work符合语境。]5.A.asaresultB.ineithercaseC.whatwasworseD.intheendC [语境及逻辑推断。根据上文可知,作者刚好及时到达工作地点;结合空后一句可知,老板告诉他有一份必须立即就做的紧急工作。由此可知,设空处与上文应为递进关系,结合选项可知,whatwasworse符合语境,意为“更糟糕的是”。]6.A.goodB.firstC.specialD.urgentD [语境推断。根据空后的“todorightnow”可知,此处指老板说有一份紧急工作,必须立刻去做。urgent意为“紧急的”,符合语境。]7.A.knewB.explainedC.regrettedD.promised\nA [语境推断。根据空后的“somebodyelsewouldhavetodoitifIwaitedlongenough”可知,作者认为如果自己等得足够久,总会有其他人来做这份工作。故此处应指作者知道任何人都可以做这份工作。know意为“知道;了解”,符合语境。]8.A.livedB.stayedC.lookedD.steppedD [语境推断。根据空后的“thisleftmewithasinkingfeeling”可知,此处应指情况与作者想象的不同,根本没有人走出来做这份工作。stepup意为“走上前去”,故stepped符合语境。]9.A.lifeB.jobC.goalD.beliefA [复现推断。根据下文中的“toimprovetheirownlife”和“yourveryownlife”可知,此处应指生活亦是如此,故life符合语境。]10.A.refuseB.trustC.searchD.findD [语境推断。根据上文描述的作者等待其他人来做这份工作时的心理可推知,此处应指很多人用一生的时间去寻找其他人来做所有辛苦的工作,以改善他们自己的生活。故find符合语境。]11.A.harderB.longerC.earlierD.easierD [语境及逻辑推断。根据空前的“alotofdiscomfort”和“while”的转折含义可知,此处指让别人为自己做这些事会简单很多,故easier符合语境。]12.A.effortsB.spiritsC.advantagesD.actionsA [语境及常识推断。根据选项及常识可知,此处指然而,真正的问题是,要想找到会为你做一切事情的人,要付出很多努力。effort意为“努力”,符合语境。]13.A.ifB.unlessC.becauseD.whileB [逻辑及常识推断。根据上下文内容并结合常识可知,此处应指除非你愿意掌控自己的生活,否则你的生活不会改变。unless意为“除非”,符合语境。]14.A.staringatB.lookingforC.attendingtoD.caringaboutB [语境及复现推断。根据上文中的“tofindsomebodywhowilldoanythingforyou”可知,此处应指,别再找别人为你做什么。lookfor意为“寻找”,为find的同义词复现,符合语境。]\n15.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.InsteadD.OtherwiseC [语境推断。根据设空处前一句中的stop和选项可推知,此处表示,相反,让自己的身体动起来,去做你该做的事。instead意为“相反”,符合语境。]Ⅲ.语法填空(2020年山东省六地市部分学校高三年级联考)FionaKolbinger,a24yearoldGermancyclistwithlittleexperiencein1.________(compete)cycling,tooktheworldbysurprisewhenshebecamethefirstfemaletowintheTranscontinentalRaceonAugust6,2019.Shecompleted2.________totalof2,485milesfromBulgariatoFrancein10days,2hours,and48minutes.Thisyear'sracestartedonJuly27th,2019.Intherace,thecompetitorshadtodecidefor3.________(they)where,when,andhowmuchtheyateandslept.Theyalsohadtorideintemperatures4.________rangedfrom4℃to37℃andendurefreezingrain,thunderstorms,andheatwaves.TheTranscontinentalRace5.________(found)in2013bytheBritishcyclistMikeHall.Therace,6.________(think)tobeoneofthehardestofitskind,challengesnotonlyracers'cyclingskillsandendurance(耐力),butalsotheirrouteplanningandtimemanagementskills.Also,different7.________othercyclingcompetitionswheretheroutesare8.________(careful)laidout,theTranscontinentalRacerequirescompetitorstoplantheirowncourse.Theonly9.________(require)istocheckinatfourstops,locatedatvariouspointsalongtheway.10.________(make)sureallcompetitorsundergosomeofthesamechallenges,eachcheckpointisfollowedbydemandingterrain(地形).【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。2019年theTranscontinentalRace落下帷幕。德国女选手FionaKolbinger以10天2小时48分的成绩夺冠,成为这个比赛的第一位女性冠军。1.competitive [考查词性转换。此处应用形容词作定语。]2.a [考查冠词。此处表示总路程,应该用atotalof“共计……”,故填a。]3.themselves [考查代词。主语是thecompetitors,此处表示选手必须自己做决定,因此应该用they的反身代词形式themselves。]4.that/which [考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,先行词temperatures后跟一个限制性定语从句,关系代词在从句中作主语,表示物,故用that/which。]5.wasfounded [考查动词的时态和语态。TranscontinentalRace和found之间是动宾关系,故用被动语态。根据时间状语in2013可知,此处应用一般过去时。]6.thought [考查非谓语动词。过去分词在此表被动,作定语,修饰Therace。]7.from\n [考查介词。根据句意,这个自行车赛的选手要自己规划行车路线,这与其他严格规定路线的自行车赛不一样。故填介词from。]8.carefully [考查词性转换。此处修饰动词,应用副词形式。]9.requirement [考查名词。根据前面的Theonly和后面的is可知,空处要填名词。根据语境可知,此处表示“要求”,故用requirement。]10.Tomake [考查非谓语动词。此处表示“为保证所有的选手都经历一些同样的挑战”,故用不定式作目的状语。]Ⅳ.应用文写作(湖北省2020年高三4月调研)假定你是李华,你的美国朋友Richard来信询问你大学想选择学什么专业,请给他回信,内容包括:1.你想学的专业;2.你想学这个专业的原因;3.你为实现自己的目标做了哪些努力。注意:1.词数80左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。DearRichard,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【参考范文】DearRichard,Acoupleofdaysago,Igladlyreceivedyourletter,inwhichyouaskedmewhichmajorIwouldliketoselect.Actually,Ihavebeenconsideringthisissuerecently.IwilldecideonEnglishasmymajor.Asyouknow,I'malwaysinterestedinforeignlanguages.What'smore,IconstantlydreamaboutbecominganEnglishteacher.OnlyinthiswaycouldIteachmyfuturestudentshowtomasterthislanguage.Hopefully,Icouldprovidethemwithausefulwindowontheworld.Torealizemydream,IlearnEnglishprettyhard,becauseIthinkonlyifImyselfhaveagoodcommandofEnglishwillIbeanoutstandingteacher.Ibelieveeveryeffortwillpayoff.Wishmeluck.Yours,LiHuaⅤ.概要写作\n阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Somepeopledoubttheaccuracyandreliabilityofthefacialrecognitiontechnology.Theyneednot,becausethetechnologyishighlyadvanced.Itcandistinguishahumanfacewithorwithoutglasses.Testsshowithasaprecisionrateofmorethan99percent.Somearguethatthefingerprintoriris(虹膜)recognitionsystemisperhapsmoreaccuratethanthefacialrecognitionsystem.True,butforirisrecognition,apersonhastoholdhisorherheadstillandlookatthecamera,whichistimeconsumingandthusnotsuitableforpublicspacessuchassubwaystations.Andthefingerprintrecognitionsystemisnotsosecure,assomepeoplecancheatthesystembycopyingandusingthefingerprintsofotherpeopletoenterorexitastation.Facialrecognitionisarathermaturesystem.Afacialrecognitionsystemcollectspeople'sfacialimagesfromdifferentangles,insteadofone,andthereforeminimizesthechanceofcheating.Actually,itisalreadybeingappliedtomanyfieldssuchasunlockingsmartphonesandcomputers.Besides,facialrecognitiontechnologycanalsohelpthepolicetohuntescapedcriminalsinpublicspaces.However,thelawsaysacitizen'sphotoshouldnotbecollectedforcommercialusewithouthisorherpermission.Toavoidsuchlegalrisks,somemeasuresshouldbetakenbeforethecollectionofpassengerinformation.First,companiesmustinsurethecollectedfacialimagesareonlyforpublicconvenience,andwillneverbeusedforothercommercialpurposes,suchasadvertisements.Second,companiesmusttakenecessarymeasurestomakesurenotevenasingleoneisleakedorsoldtoanythirdpartywithoutthepassenger'spermission.Generally,advancedtechnologiesarewelcometobeusedinpublicspaces,butpeople'srightsmustberespected,atleasttoavoidlegalrisks.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Facialrecognitiontechnologyishighlyreliableandaccurate.(要点1)Comparedwiththefingerprintoririsrecognitionsystem,itiswellsuitedforpublicspacesandismoresecure.(要点2)Themultiangledimageslessenthepossibilityof\ncheating,andthesystemiswidelyemployedinmanyareaslikesmartphonesandcomputers.(要点3)However,toprotectprivacyandrespecthumanrights,facialimagesmustbecollectedwithpermissionandwellprotected.(要点4)

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