2023版高考英语一轮复习22对社会有突出贡献的人物课时提能练含解析202303172127

课时提能练(二十二)Ⅰ.阅读理解AChinaisalargeproducerandconsumerofrice.But，asaresultofclimatechange,theamountoflandavailableforricegrowinginthecountryisshrinking.TheconcernhasmotivatedscientistsledbyYuanLongping,knownas“thefatherofhybridrice”，tolookfornewwaysofgrowingthegrain.Nowthey'recelebratingsuccessfuleffortstogrowrice—insandandseawater.Riceistraditionallygrowninsoilandfreshwater.StartingfromJanuary,accordingtotheofficialXinhuaNewsAgency，thescientistshavegrowndozensofvarietiesofriceinthedesertsofDubai.Theyexperimentedwithseawaterbecauseitiseasiertoobtaininthedesertthanfreshwater.Chinaisnottheonlycountryfacingtheissueofoverlysaltysoil.Aroundtheworld,therearearound2.35billionacresofhighlysaline(含盐的)land.Andthenumberisincreasingbecauseofrisingsealevelsandclimatechange.“Probablyonlyasmallpartoftheworld'ssalinelandcouldbebroughtintoproductionwithseawaterrice,butthatwouldstillhaveaveryimportanteffectonfoodsecurity，”EvenR.Pay,asenioranalyst,said.YuantoldXinhuathatoneofthevarietiesofricegrowninDubaiproducedoverthreetonsperacre,whichYuansaidwasbeyondexpectations.Riceisthebasicfoodinmanypartsoftheworld.About90%ofriceconsumptionisfromAsia,butdemandinAfricaandLatinAmericaisontherise.Aclimatechangeresearchersaidthesuccessfulexperimentcouldpotentiallybenefitmanycountries.“Thisisafantasticdevelopment,whichislikelytohaveagoodeffectonagriculturalresourceandwaterpoorcountries,particularlyinNorthAfricaregion.”Eventhoughthecostofgrowingsalttolerantriceisstillhigh，itwillalsohavestrategicvalueonceit'scommercialized.【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了在“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平带领下的科学家们进行了在沙漠和盐碱地中种植水稻试验的故事。1．Whathascausedthescientiststofindnewwaysofgrowingrice?A．Theincreaseofriceconsumers.B．Thehighcostofriceproducing.C．Thelandshortageofricegrowing.\nD．Theseverepollutionoffreshwater.C　[细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“But，asaresultofclimatechange...tolookfornewwaysofgrowingthegrain.”可知，能种植水稻的土地短缺促使科学家们去寻找种植水稻的新方法。]2．Yuan'steamhavesuccessfullygrownriceinsandandseawaterin________.A．China　　　　　B．DubaiC．LatinAmericaD．NorthAfricaB　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“StartingfromJanuary...havegrowndozensofvarietiesofriceinthedesertsofDubai.”和第五段中的“oneofthevarietiesofricegrowninDubai”可知，袁隆平的团队在迪拜成功地在沙漠和海水中种植了水稻。]3．Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A．About90%ofthericeisdemandedandconsumedinChina.B．Theproductionofanewtypeofriceislargerthanexpected.C．Theincreaseofsalinelandismainlycausedbyclimatechange.D．Seawaterisusedintheexperimentbecauseitischeapertogain.B　[推理判断题。根据第五段中的“oneofthevarietiesofricegrowninDubaiproducedoverthreetonsperacre，whichYuansaidwasbeyondexpectations”可知，其中一种在迪拜种植的水稻产量为每英亩三吨多，这超出了人们的预料，故选B。]4．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothericegrowingexperiment?A．Doubtful.B．Positive.C．Critical.D．Disappointed.B　[观点态度题。根据最后一段可推知，作者对这种水稻种植的试验持乐观的态度。]BSusanBrownellAnthonywasaladyaheadofhertime.Shefoughtforwomen'srightslongbeforetheybecameapopularissue.SusanwasbornonFebruary15,1820，inAdams，Massachusetts.Atthattime，womenhadfewrights.Theycouldnotownproperty.Moneyearnedbyamarriedwomanbelongedtoherhusband.Majordecisionsregardingchildrenweremadebythefathers.Womencouldnotvote.Attheageof15，Susanbecameaschoolteacher.Shetaughtfor15years.Thenshebeganorganizingwomen'sgroupstopromotecausesthatwereimportanttowomen.Shehelpedgainbettereducationalrightsforwomen.Shehelpedgivemarriedwomenpossessionoftheirearnings.AftertheCivilWar，Susanbecameveryinvolvedinthewomen'ssuffrage\nmovement.Afteryearsoflecturing，writing，andappealingbySusanandotherwomen，somepartsoftheUnitedStateschangedtheirlawstogivewomentherighttovote.ThefirststatewasWyomingin1869.OtherareasandstatesgraduallyfollowedWyoming'sdecision.Itwasnotuntil1920thattheU．S.Constitutionwaschangedtogiveallwomenvotingrights.SusanBrownellAnthonydiedin1906attheageof86.ShewaselectedtotheHallofFameforGreatAmericansin1950.ShewasthefirstAmericanwomantohavealikeness(肖像)ofherfaceonacoin.Itwasthe1979SusanBrownellAnthonydollar.【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了美国历史上著名的女权运动领袖SusanBrownellAnthony。她努力为妇女争取了财产权、投票权等权利。5．WhatwasthesituationofAmericanwomenlikewhenSusanwasborn?A．Theyhadlowsocialstatus.B．Theycouldvoteaftergettingmarried.C．Theymanagedmoneyfortheirhusbands.D．Theywereresponsiblefordecisionmaking.A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Atthattime，womenhadfewrights.Theycouldnotownproperty.Moneyearnedbyamarriedwomanbelongedtoherhusband.Majordecisionsregardingchildrenweremadebythefathers.Womencouldnotvote.”可知，在那时，女性没有什么权利，地位是低下的，故A项正确。B、C和D项均与此表述不符。]6．Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A．Susan'steachingexperiences.B．Susan'seducationalbackground.C．Susan'seffortstoabolishslavery.D．Susan'sfightingforwomen'scauses.D　[段落大意题。通读第三段尤其是“Thenshebeganorganizingwomen'sgroupstopromotecausesthatwereimportanttowomen.”可知，本段主要讲述SusanBrownellAnthony为争取女权而斗争的情况，故D项正确。]7．Whatdoestheword“decision”inthefourthparagraphreferto?A．Promotingthesocialmovement.B．ChangingtheU．S.Constitution.C．Givingwomenvotingrights.D．Unitingotherareasandstates.C　[词义猜测题。根据第四段第二句中的“somepartsoftheUnitedStateschangedtheirlawstogivewomentherighttovote”可知，在SusanBrownell\nAnthony的努力下，美国一些地区修改了法律，给了妇女投票权；结合该段第三、四句“ThefirststatewasWyomingin1869.OtherareasandstatesgraduallyfollowedWyoming'sdecision.”可以判断，画线词指代“给妇女投票权”这一决定，故C项正确。]8．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A．ThefirstAmericanwomantoinventcoinsB．Theproblemofwomen'srightsintheU．S.C．ThemostpopularwomenorganizationsD．Apioneerinfightingforwomen'srightsD　[标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了美国历史上著名的女权运动领袖SusanBrownellAnthony。她为妇女争取了财产权、投票权等权利。据此可知D项最适合作文章标题。]Ⅱ.完形填空MynameisMirandaGibson.Ihavebeenatthetopofatreeforfivemonthsnow.Somepeoplemightwonder1onearthIwouldchoosetodothat.Ihavewalkedthroughthisforestmanytimes.On12December2011，2rolledintotheforestandthedestruction(摧毁)began.Icouldn't3thethoughtthattheseforestswouldbe4forever.So,on14December2011,Ipackedupmylife，5ofmyjobplans,andclimbed60meterstothetopofthistree.Ihavebeenhereeversince.Lifeinthetreetopcanbe6attimes.IhavetimeswhenIfeelfrustrated(沮丧)andwishIcould7，toanywhere,justhavea8ofsceneryforaminute!Therearetimestoo,whenIfeelterribly9.Imissmyfriendsandfamily.10thesetimes,Ifindmyselflovingthe11.Livingonthetreehasbeeninspiring.Iamwillingto12uphereforaslongasittakes，13Ihonestlyhopeitwon'tbetoo14beforeIcanputmyfeetonthegroundbelowandstandinaforestthatwillneverbe15.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了作者为保护森林，反对砍伐，在树上生活了五个月的经历和感受。1．A.why　　　B．when　　C．how　　D．whereA　[根据语境可知，此处指一些人可能想弄明白作者究竟为什么选择这样做，故选why。]2．A.waterB．animalsC．machineryD．tourists\nC　[根据下文中的“rolledintotheforestandthedestruction(摧毁)began”可知，此处指的应是机器(machinery)开进森林，开始伐木，摧毁森林。]3．A.bearB．helpC．keepD．spareA　[这些森林将永远消失的情况作者想都不敢想。bear“承受，忍受”符合语境。]4．A.soldB．stolenC．protectedD．lostD　[参见上题解析。]5．A.grewoutB．fellshortC．ranoutD．letgoD　[因此，在2011年12月14日，作者放弃了自己的生活，放弃了工作计划，爬了60米到达树顶。letgoof“放弃，摒弃”，符合语境。]6．A.refreshingB．riskyC．challengingD．rewardingC　[根据下文中的“IhavetimeswhenIfeelfrustrated(沮丧)．..missmyfriendsandfamily.”可知，树上的生活是具有挑战性的。]7．A.getupB．getawayC．giveinD．giveupB　[作者有时会感到沮丧，她想逃离到任何地方，换个风景看看。]8．A.changeB．lookC．searchD．touchA　[参见上题解析。]9．A.confusedB．nervousC．sorryD．lonelyD　[根据下文中的“Imissmyfriendsandfamily”可知，作者有时会感到非常孤独，故选lonely。]10．A.BeyondB．WithoutC．DespiteD．UnlikeC　[尽管会有这些“不愉快”的时候，但作者发现自己还是挺喜欢这种经历的。]11．A.heightB．experienceC．backgroundD．positionB　[参见上题解析。]12．A.returnB．stopC．stayD．hide\nC　[根据上文中的“Livingonthetreehasbeeninspiring”及下文中的“foraslongasittakes”可知，住在树上是鼓舞人心的，作者愿意在这上面待很长时间。]13．A.butB．thoughC．becauseD．soA　[根据语境可知，前后句存在语义上的转折关系，故用but。]14．A.soonB．longC．nearD．badB　[作者真的希望不久之后她能够脚踩下面的土地，站在这片永远不会被砍伐的森林中。long“长时间的”，符合语境。]15．A.movedB．loggedC．burnedD．missedB　[参见上题解析。]Ⅲ.语法填空(2020·绵阳市诊断性考试)LiNaisrecognizedwiththehighesthonorinherprofession.ShebecamethefirstAsianbornplayer1.________(head)totheInternationalTennisHallofFamein2019.Itcannotcoverall2.________Lienduredtoreachthetopofthetennisworld.Asforher,itmeanseverything—the3.________(tear),thetoughtimes,andthepains.Everything4.________(pay)off.Tennishasbeenadynamicstageforsomeofthemost5.________(influence)peopleinsports,fromArthurAshetoSerenaWilliams.LiNaisaworthymemberofthatHall—amodestwomanfromChina,whoseimpactinAsiaisthe6.________(great)．WhenLibeganplayingtennisat8,mostpeopleinChinadidnotevenknowwhatthesportwas.Butwhenshe7.________(win)the2011FrenchOpentobecomeChina'sfirstGrandSlam(大满贯)singleschampion,millionsofpeopleinChinawatched8.________finalontelevision.Beforethat,peoplethoughtAsianplayerswerenotsuitable9.________tennis.LiNa,withher10.________(determine)andpioneeringcourage,madepeoplerealizeitisreachable.【语篇解读】　本文讲述了网球运动员李娜不畏艰辛，刻苦努力，最终成为亚洲最具影响力的女子网球运动员，并于2019年入驻国际网球名人堂的故事。1．tohead　[考查非谓语动词。被only，thefirst，thesecond，thelast，thenext或其他序数词和最高级形容词修饰的名词，常用动词不定式作定语。]2．that\n　[考查定语从句。此处引导定语从句，修饰不定代词all。当先行词为不定代词时，定语从句的引导词只能用that。]3．tears　[考查名词的单复数。tear作名词时，意为“眼泪”，为可数名词，常用其复数形式。]4．pays/haspaid　[考查一般现在时或现在完成时。payoff意为“成功，奏效”。此处表示李娜所付出的一切都奏效了，可用一般现在时表述客观存在的情况；此处也可用现在完成时表示李娜所有的付出对当前的影响。]5．influential　[考查词性转换。修饰名词people要用形容词，故填influential。]6．greatest　[考查形容词的最高级。根据第一段第二句中的“thefirstAsianbornplayer”和语境可知，李娜在亚洲的影响力是最大的。故填great的最高级形式greatest。]7．won　[考查一般过去时。根据下文中的“the2011FrenchOpen”可知，这里是说李娜赢得了2011年法国网球公开赛的冠军，应用一般过去时，故填won。]8．the　[考查冠词。此处final作名词讲，意为“决赛”，特指2011法国网球公开赛的决赛，故要用定冠词the。]9．for　[考查介词。besuitablefor意为“适合”，是固定搭配。]10．determination　[考查词性转换。根据空前的her以及空后的连词and可知，此处与名词词组pioneeringcourage并列，故填determine的名词形式determination“决心”。]