2023版高考英语一轮复习18绘画建筑等领域的代表性作品和人物课时提能练含解析202303172122

课时提能练(十八)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·合肥市教学质量检测)Thefollowingfourfamouspaintings—fromJanvanEyck'sportraittoPabloPicasso'smasterpiece—havestoodthetestoftime.TheArnolfiniPortraitJanvanEyck'sArnolfiniPortrait,anoilpaintingonwoodproducedin1434，inwhichamanandawomanholdhandswithawindowbehindhimandabedbehindher，isundoubtedlyoneofthemasterpiecesintheNationalGallery，London.Thispaintingisnotonlyvisuallyinterestingbutalsofamed.Itisalsoaninformativedocumentonfifteenthcenturysociety，throughJanvanEyck'sheavyuseofsymbolism—whilehusbandswentouttoengageinbusiness，wivesconcernedthemselveswithdomesticduties.TheStarryNightVincentvanGoghpaintedTheStarryNight，anoiloncanvas(油画布)，amoderatelyabstractlandscapepaintingofanightskyoverasmallhillsidevillage，duringhis12monthstayatthementalhospitalinSaintRémydeProvence，Francebetween1889and1890.WhentheMuseumofModernArtinNewYorkCitypurchasedthepaintingfromaprivatecollectorin1941,itwasnotwellknown，butithassincebecomeoneofVincentvanGogh'smostfamousworks.TheHarvestersTheHarvestersisanoilpaintingonwoodcompletedbyPieterBruegeltheElderin1565.Itdepicts(描绘)theharvesttimewhichmostcommonlyoccurredwithinthemonthsofJulyandAugust.NicolaesJonghelinck，amerchantbankerandartcollectorfromAntwerp,onceheldthispainting.ThepaintinghasbeenattheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNewYorkCitysince1919.GuernicaGuernica，alargeoilpainting，waspaintedbytheCubist(立体派的)Spanishpainter,PabloPicassoin1937.ThetitleGuernicareferstothecitythatwasbombedduringthewar.Thepaintingdepictsthehorrorsofwarandasaresult，hascometobeanantiwarsymbolandareminderofthetragediesofwar.Today，thepaintingishousedattheMuseoNacionalCentrodeArteReinaSofíainMadrid.【语篇解读】　本文介绍了四幅世界绘画名作的相关情况，包括其创作时间、画作内容等。\n1．Whichofthefollowingpaintingswasproducedearliest?A．Guernica.　　　　　B．TheHarvesters.C．TheStarryNight.D．TheArnolfiniPortrait.D　[细节理解题。根据文章对四幅画的介绍可知，TheArnolfiniPortrait的创作时间是1434年，TheStarryNight创作于1889至1890年间，TheHarvesters创作于1565年，Guernica创作于1937年。对上述四幅画的创作时间进行对比可知，D项正确。]2．Whocreatedthepaintingdescribingtheharvestseasons?A．PieterBruegeltheElder.B．VincentvanGogh.C．JanvanEyck.D．PabloPicasso.A　[细节理解题。根据TheHarvesters部分第二句“Itdepicts(描绘)theharvesttimewhichmostcommonlyoccurredwithinthemonthsofJulyandAugust”可知，PieterBruegeltheElder的画作描述了丰收季节的情况。故选A。]3．WhatdoweknowaboutthepaintingTheStarryNight?A．Itwaspaintedonwoodinoils.B．Itdescribedthepainter'slifeinhospital.C．Itwasn'twidelyrecognizedbefore1941.D．Itwasgivenawaytothemuseumbyacollector.C　[细节理解题。根据TheStarryNight部分最后一句可知，1941年，当纽约现代艺术博物馆从一位私人收藏家手中买下这幅画时，它并不太有名，但后来却成为梵高最著名的作品之一。故选C。]BI．M.Pei，theChineseAmerican，whowasregardedasoneofthelastgreatmodernistarchitects，hasdiedattheageof102.AlthoughheworkedmostlyintheUnitedStates，PeiwillalwaysberememberedforaEuropeanproject：HisredevelopmentoftheLouvreMuseuminParisinthe1980s.Hegaveustheglassandmetalpyramidinthemaincourtyard，alongwiththreesmallerpyramidsandavastsubterranean(地下的)additiontothemuseumentrance.PeiwasthefirstforeignarchitecttoworkontheLouvreinitslonghistory，andinitiallyhisdesignswerefiercelyopposed.Butintheend，theFrench—andeveryoneelse—werewonover.WinningthefifthPritzkerArchitecturePrizein1983，hewasthoughtofasgivingthe20thcentury“someofitsmostbeautifulinteriorspacesandexteriorforms...Hisversatilityandskillintheuseofmaterialsapproachthe\nlevelofpoetry”．AfterstudyingarchitectureattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandHarvard，PeisetuphisownarchitecturalpracticeinNewYorkin1955.DesigningtheJohnF．KennedyPresidentialLibrary&Museumin1964establishedhimasaname.HisEastBuildingoftheNationalGalleryofArtinWashingtonin1978changedpeople'sideasofamuseum.Thesitewasanoddtrapezoid(梯形)shape.Pei'ssolutionwastocutitintwo.Theresultingbuildingwasdramatic，lightandelegant—oneofthefirstcrowdpleasingmuseumsofmodernart.Thoughknownasamodernist，andnotableforhisformsbasedonarrangementsofsimplegeometric(几何的)shapes，heonceurgedChinesearchitectstolookmoretotheirarchitecturaltraditionratherthandesigninginawesternstyle.Inperson，I.M.Peiwasgoodhumored，charmingandunusuallymodest.Hisworkingprocesswasevolutionary，butinnovation(创新)wasneveranintendedgoal.“Stylisticoriginalityisnotmypurpose，”hesaid.“Iwanttofindtheoriginalityinthetime，theplaceandtheproblem.”【语篇解读】　本文是一篇人物传记。主要介绍了贝聿铭在建筑艺术方面所取得的成就。4．WhatcanwelearnabouttheresultofredevelopmentoftheLouvreMuseum?A．ItwascriticizedbytheFrench.B．Itwasasuccess.C．ItmadetheLouvreMuseumlookstrange.D．ItchangedthefunctionoftheLouvreMuseum.B　[细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Butintheend，theFrench—andeveryoneelse—werewonover.”可知，最终，法国人以及全世界都被(他的精妙设计)折服，所以贝聿铭对巴黎卢浮宫进行的改建是成功的。故选B。]5．WhatcanwelearnfromtheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3?A．Heisamasterinapplyingmaterials.B．Heisskilledinwritingpoems.C．Heoftencombinespoetryandconstruction.D．Hegetsinspirationfrompoetryindesigning.A　[句意理解题。画线部分意为“他在使用(建筑)材料方面的才华和技艺达到了诗一般的境界”。A项意为“他在应用材料方面是一个大师”，与画线部分意思相吻合，故选A。]6．What'sthecorrectorderofthefollowingevents?a．DesigntheJohnF．KennedyPresidentialLibrary&Museum.b．StudyarchitectureattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyand\nHarvard.c．DesigntheNationalGalleryofArt.d．WinthefifthPritzkerArchitecturePrize.A．abcd　　B．bacd　　C．bcad　　D．dacbB　[细节理解题。根据文章的第三至五段可知，在麻省理工学院和哈佛学习建筑发生在1955年之前，为JohnF．KennedyPresidentialLibrary&Museum做设计发生在1964年，设计华盛顿国家美术馆东馆是在1978年，赢得第五届普利兹克建筑奖在1983年。故选B。]7．WhatcanwelearnaboutI．M.Pei?A．Innovationwashisfirstgoalindesign.B．Hewastalentedandserious.C．Hepreferredwesternstyletotheeast.D．Helikedsimplegeometricshapes.D　[考查推理判断。根据文章倒数第三段内容可知，贝聿铭设计的建筑外形都以简单的几何图形为基础，故他喜欢用简单的几何图形。故选D。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2020·威海市模拟)We'veallbeentherebefore：You'redrivingdowntheroadwhensuddenlyapothole(凹坑)seemstoappearoutofnowhereandsendsthe1jumping.Mostpeoplethinkpotholesare2，butartistJimBachorseesthemasacanvas(画布)forhisartwork.Bachorusesthe3artformofmosaic(马赛克)tocreateeyecatching，colorfulimagesoffamousartistslikeArethaFranklinorsimpleeveryday4likefood.Heevenmakeslessappealingvisualsofinsects.Bachorwasagraphicdesignerfor20yearsbeforehebeganhis5inmosaic.HeregardsanincidentaltriptoEuropeashismotivationforchangingcareers.While6inItaly，BachorfellinlovewithPompeii，thepreservedancientRomancity.Atourguidepointedoutamosaic，madeofmainlyglassandmarble，andtoldBachor，“Glassandmarbledon't7.So，thislooksessentiallythewaytheartistintended？”Bachorsays，“Thatkindofstayingpowerjust8mesomuch.”AyearlaterBachorreturnedtoattendamosaicclassinRavenna，Italy，tolearntheproperwayto9theancienttechnique.Yearsafterthat，hemasteredthetechnique.He10thatmosaicscanbejustassignificanttodayastheartformover1,000yearsago.“Ijustsawthattherewasa(n)11tobringitintothenewagoasacontemporarysubject，”hesays.\nSo，Bachordecidedtomakeaspecialpieceof12forthatpothole.Hehas13mosaicpotholeartaroundChicago，Detroit，NewYorkCityandeveninFinland.Whilehemaynotbegetting14fromdriversorpassengers，Bachor'sartis15apleasantsurprisetodiscover.【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述的是平面设计师巴霍尔在旅行的途中获得了创作灵感，他在欣赏马赛克艺术时深受触动，决定把它作为现代主题带入新时代，进而创造了马赛克凹坑艺术。1．A.body　　B．rock　　C．car　　D．sandC　[语境推断。根据空前的“You'redrivingdowntheroad”可知，此处应表示，你正在路上开车，这时突然不知从哪里冒出一个凹坑，结果车子就跳了起来，故car符合语境。]2．A.challengingB．interestingC．discouragingD．annoyingD　[语境及逻辑推断。根据空后的“seesthemasacanvas(画布)forhisartwork”和表转折的连词but可知，此处与后面内容的语义构成转折，故此处应表示，多数人会认为凹坑很烦人。annoying意为“令人心烦的”，符合语境。]3．A.modernB．ancientC．elegantD．mysteriousB　[复现推断。根据第四段中的“tolearntheproperwayto...theancienttechnique”可知，此处应指巴霍尔运用马赛克这种古老的艺术形式创造吸引人注意力的、多彩的图画。ancient意为“古代的；古老的”，符合语境。]4．A.objectsB．ideasC．routinesD．projectsA　[语境推断。根据空后的“likefood”可知，此处应指简单的日常物体。object意为“物品；物体”，符合语境。]5．A.dutyB．careerC．beliefD．instructionB　[语境推断。根据后文的“ashismotivationforchangingcareers”可推知，此处应表示，在开始马赛克事业之前，巴霍尔做平面设计师已经20年了。career意为“职业，事业”，符合语境。]6．A.travelingB．livingC．workingD．studyingA　[语境推断。根据前文的“Heregardsanincidentaltripto\nEurope”可知，此处指在意大利旅游期间。travel意为“旅行”，符合语境。]7．A.lastB．connectC．fadeD．resolveC　[常识推断。根据后文的“So，thislooksessentiallythewaytheartistintended？”和常识可知，此处指玻璃和大理石不易褪色。fade意为“褪色”，符合语境。]8．A.remindedB．confusedC．troubledD．impressedD　[语境推断。根据前文的“So，thislooksessentiallythewaytheartistintended？”和选项可推知，此处应指，这种持久力让他印象深刻。impress意为“使留下深刻印象”，符合语境。]9．A.introduceB．performC．promoteD．describeB　[语境及常识推断。根据常识和选项可推知，此处指巴霍尔参加马赛克学习班的目的是学习用恰当的方法来运用这门古老的艺术。perform意为“做；进行；施行”，符合语境。]10．A.arguedB．imaginedC．rememberedD．realizedD　[语境推断。根据空后的“mosaicscanbejustassignificanttodayastheartformover1,000yearsago”和后文的“Ijustsawthat”可知，此处应表示，他意识到马赛克这种艺术形式在今天的重要性与在1,000多年前同样重要。realize意为“意识到”，符合语境。]11．A.linkB．timeC．opportunityD．voiceC　[语境推断。根据后文的“So，Bachordecidedtomakeaspecialpiece...forthatpothole.”可知，此处指，他觉得有机会把它作为现代题材带入新时代。opportunity意为“机会”，符合语境。]12．A.artworkB．machineryworkC．codeD．literatureA　[语境推断。根据后文的“Hehas...mosaicpotholeart”可知，此处应指，巴霍尔决定为凹坑做一件特别的艺术品。artwork意为“艺术品”，符合语境。]13．A.discoveredB．createdC．improvedD．taughtB　[语境推断。根据前文的“...Bachordecidedtomakeaspecialpiece...forthatpothole.”可知，此处应指，他在芝加哥、底特律、纽约甚至芬兰创造了马赛克凹坑艺术。create意为“创造”，符合语境。]\n14．A.helpB．invitationC．moneyD．praiseD　[语境推断。根据空前的“While”和空后的“Bachor'sartis...apleasantsurprise”可知，此处指的是，虽然他可能没有得到司机或乘客的赞扬。praise意为“表扬”，符合语境，故选D项。]15．A.nearlyB．merelyC．certainlyD．personallyC　[语境及逻辑推断。根据空前的“Whilehemaynotbegetting”和选项可知，此处应指，虽然巴霍尔可能没有得到司机或乘客的赞扬，但是他的艺术一定是一个惊喜的发现。certainly与空前的maynot形成语义上的对比，符合语境。]Ⅲ.语法填空(2021·陕西省部分学校摸底检测)Dressedinaflowingrobe(长袍)1.________(decorate)withfloralembroidery(花卉刺绣)fromapastera，stylistXiaoHanglookslikeshecamefromatimemachine.ShewalksacrossthenoisyBeijingsubway，2.________(attract)curiousglancesandquestions.China3.________(welcome)westernfashionandfuturistictechnologyduringthepastdecades，4.________agrowingnumberofyoungpeoplelikeXiaoarelookingatthepastfortheirdressingchoices.5.________(obvious)，theyprefertoputontraditional“hanfu”，or“Hanclothing”．Thesehistoric6.________(costume)areenjoyingacomebackbecausethegovernmentispromotingtraditionalculture.Perioddramashavealsocontributedtoa7.________(great)interestintraditionalChineseclothingandahigherdemandforit.Xiao，8.________usedtoworkatastateownedmachinemanufacturingcompany，nowrunsherownhanfubusiness,whereshedressescustomersforphotoshootsandevenplanshanfustyleweddings.However，thereisstillsomewaybeforethestylereacheswide9.________(accept)inChina.Manypeoplesaytheirhesitationisduetotheoddlookstheygetwhenthey'rewearinghanfu10.________public.【语篇解读】　设计师肖航经营着自己的汉服公司，她为客户提供汉服拍照服务，甚至策划汉服风格的婚礼。与过去崇尚西方时尚风格相比，越来越多的年轻人更喜欢中国传统服装文化。1．decorated　[考查过去分词。分析该句结构可知，空处作名词robe的后置定语，修饰该名词；robe和动词decorate之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故空处用过去分词decorated。]\n2．attracting　[考查现在分词。分析该句结构可知，主语She和动词attract之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故空处用现在分词attracting。]3．haswelcomed/hasbeenwelcoming　[考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处作谓语。根据该句时间状语“duringthepastdecades”可知，该句陈述的是从过去一直发生到现在的事情，而且还可能继续下去，故用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时，又主语为China，故可知答案。]4．but　[考查连词。空前陈述“多年来中国一直欢迎西方时尚和其现代的技术”；空后表述“越来越多像肖这样的年轻人在选择服装时把目光投向过去”，空处前后为转折关系，故填but。]5．Obviously　[考查副词。分析该句结构可知，空处修饰后面的整个句子，故用副词形式。]6．costumes　[考查名词的单复数。costume可以当作可数名词讲，根据该句系动词are可知，该处应用复数形式。]7．greater　[考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的比较级“higher”可知，空处与此对应，也应当用比较级。句意：历史剧也促使人们对中国传统服饰产生了更大的兴趣和更高的需求。]8．who　[考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Xiao，指人，空处在从句中作主语，故用who引导该定语从句。]9．acceptance　[考查名词。形容词修饰名词，根据形容词wide可知，空处用名词形式，此处表示“广泛接受”。]10．in　[考查固定搭配。inpublic为固定搭配，意为“公开地”，符合语境。句意：很多人说，他们之所以会犹豫是因为公开穿汉服时别人会用奇怪的眼神看他们。]