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2023版高考英语一轮复习2降的生活方式积极的生活态度1课时提能练含解析202303172124

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课时提能练(二)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(济宁市2020年高考模拟考试)Physicalactivitycalorieequivalent(相等的东西)(PACE)labelscouldimproveonlabelsthatidentifyonlycaloriesandthenutrientcontent,accordingtoanewscientificreview.Undertheproposedsystem,asmallbarofchocolatewouldcarryalabelinformingconsumersthatitwouldtake23minutesofrunningor46minutesofwalkingtoburnoffthe230caloriesitcontains.ThelargescaleapplicationofPACElabelscould,onaverage,cutcalorieconsumptionbyupto200caloriesperpersonperday,accordingtoresearchers.AmandaDaley,leadresearcherfromLoughboroughUniversity,saidthatPACElabelswouldpresenttheinformationinamoreaccessiblewaytoconsumersthantheexistingcalorieandnutrientcontentlabels.ShetoldCNNthatthecurrentlabelingsystem“hasn'tmadeahugedifferencetoobesityintheUK”.Sheandherteamlookedatdatafrom14studiesthatexaminedtheeffectivenessofPACElabelinginreducingcalorieconsumption.Researcherscautionthatthenumberofstudiesincludedinthereviewwassmall,andmosttookplaceincontrolledenvironmentsratherthanrealworldsettings,butstillconcludethatPACElabelingisworthtrying.Areductionofabout100caloriesperday,combinedwithasustainedincreaseinphysicalactivity,couldreduceobesityrates,accordingtoDaley.ShecalledPACEa“reallysimpleandreallystraightforward”strategy,andsuggesteditcouldbeusedonfoodanddrinkpackaging,supermarketlabelsandrestaurantmenus.However,NicholaLudlamRaine,aregistereddietitianandspokespersonfortheBritishDieteticAssociation,flaggedsomeissueswithPACElabels.LudlamRainesaidPACE“couldbeextremelyproblematic”forthosewitheatingdisordersasitsuggeststhatfoodneedstobe“burntoff”.Italsopromotestheideathatcalories,ratherthannutrients,arethemainconsiderationwhenitcomestofood,sheadded.“Remember,youcannotoutrunabaddiet,”saidLudlamRaine,explainingthatexercisingdoesn'tmeanyoucanliveoffchocolateandfizzydrinks.【语篇解读】 本文属于说明文。PACE标签能够以一种更易懂的方式展示食物的卡路里和营养含量,大规模应用PACE标签,或可减少人们的热量摄入。1.WhatdoesDaleythinkoftheexistinglabelingsystem?A.Itcontainsphysicalactivitycalories.\nB.Itaffectscalorieconsumptiongreatly.C.It'snoteffectiveenoughagainstobesity.D.Itcanbewidelyappliedtootherfields.C [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“ShetoldCNNthatthecurrentlabelingsystem‘hasn'tmadeahugedifferencetoobesityintheUK’”可知,AmandaDaley认为现在的标签体系并没有对英国的肥胖问题产生巨大的影响,即不能足够有效地解决肥胖问题。]2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“flagged”inParagraph5mean?A.Pointedout.    B.Leftout.C.Objectedto.D.Jumpedat.A [词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“LudlamRainesaidPACE‘couldbeextremelyproblematic’forthosewitheatingdisordersasitsuggeststhatfoodneedstobe‘burntoff’”可知,LudlamRaine讲到了PACE标签对于那些饮食失调的人来说存在的问题,故画线词所在句应表示她指出或提到一些有关PACE标签的问题,故选A项。pointout“指出;指明”。leaveout“遗漏,不包括”;objectto“反对,不赞成”;jumpat“迫不及待地接受”。]3.WhatcanbeinferredfromLudlamRaine'swords?A.PACElabelingcauseseatingdisorders.B.Caloriesmattermorethannutrients.C.Havingagooddietismoreimportant.D.Takingexerciseisnotnecessaryatall.C [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“‘Remember,youcannotoutrunabaddiet,’saidLudlamRaine,explainingthatexercisingdoesn'tmeanyoucanliveoffchocolateandfizzydrinks.”可知,有一个好的饮食习惯很重要。]4.Whichsectionofamagazineisthetextlikelyfrom?A.Fashion.B.Health.C.Sports.D.Technology.B [文章出处题。文章主要介绍了有助于减少消费者每天的卡路里摄入量的PACE标签,并在最后提到好的饮食习惯的必要性,故文章话题应属于“健康”这一范畴,最可能在杂志的健康版块出现。]B(河北省石家庄二中2020届高三教学质量检测)Cansnackingbeakeyelementofahealthylifestyle?Ifyourfirstresponseis“No!”,here'sachancetoupdateyouropinions.Someofuswereraisedwiththeadviceof“Nevereatbetweenmeals.”,whichcanprotectourteethfromsweets.Yettherecanbesignificantadvantagesofsnacking\nonhealthyfoods.Researchershavefoundthateatingfrequentminimealsoffershealthbenefits.Dr.DavidJenkinsandcolleaguesattheUniversityofTorontohavereportedsomeremarkableadvantages.Inonestudy,participantswererandomlydividedintotwogroupsandbothgroupsweregiventhesametypeandamountoffoodoveratwoweekperiod.Onegroupconsumedthreemealsaday.Forthosehavinga“NibblingDiet”,foodwasdividedinto17minimealsaday.Aftertwoweeks,thenibblershadreducedtheirbloodcholesterol(胆固醇)levelsbymorethan15percent.Cortisol(皮质醇),astressindicator,wasreducedby17percent.Averageseruminsulin(血清胰岛素)levelsofnibblerswerereducedby28percent.Withlessinsulin,thebodyislesslikelytoconvertloadsofcaloriesintobodyfat.Also,youmaythinkeatingconcentratedsourcesoffatorsugar(orboth)willpacktheweightintoyourbody.However,seebelowforsomeexamplesofhealthysnacks:Nutsarehighinfatsokeepportionsmoderate.However,thefatcomeswithawealthofmineralsandprotectivesubstances.Forgrowingyoungsters,highenergyadults,athletesandthosewhohavedifficultymaintainingtheirweight,nutsareagreatsolution.Driedfruits(raisins,currants,apricots)helpyoustockuponiron.Ifyoutendtofeelcoldinwinter,keepraisinshandy.Whenyourbloodsugardrops,you'llhaveaninstantremedy.Freshfruitisalsoagreatchoice.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文,很多人从小就被教导“两餐之间不要吃东西”,然而,研究人员发现,经常吃健康的零食对身体有很大的益处。5.Whydoestheauthorproposeaquestionatthebeginningofthepassage?A.Toraisethereaders'awarenessofrefusingsnacks.B.Toarousethereaders'interestinthetopic.C.Toshowthesignificanceofhealthylifestyles.D.Toemphasizetheimportanceofeatingsnacks.B [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Cansnackingbeakeyelementofahealthylifestyle?Ifyourfirstresponseis‘No!’,here'sachancetoupdateyouropinions.”和下文介绍的经常吃健康零食的好处可知,文章开头的问题是为了引起读者对该话题的兴趣,从而引出文章的主题。故选B项。]6.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“NibblingDiet”inParagraph2referto?A.Noteatingtoomuchfoodatatime.B.Eatingmanysnacksatatime.\nC.Eatingfoodgentlyeachtime.D.Eatingfoodquicklyeachtime.A [词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Onegroupconsumedthreemealsaday.”和画线部分后的foodwasdividedinto17minimealsaday可知,此处指参与者被随机分为两组,在两周的时间里,两组都被供应相同种类和数量的食物;一组人每天吃三顿饭,另一组每天的食物则被分成17份。由此可推知,画线部分应指一次不吃太多食物。故选A项。]7.Howdoestheauthorconvincereaderstobelievehisopinion?A.Byexplainingsomeconcepts.B.Byusingmanyexperts'words.C.Byaskingmanyspecificquestions.D.Bygivingsomeexamples.D [推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知,作者通过介绍一项研究实验来论证自己的观点,而第四段至第六段作者举例说明不同的人应该吃什么健康零食,所以作者是通过举例来让读者信服他的观点的。故选D项。]8.Whocanbenefitfromdriedfruitsindailylife?A.Anathletewhoneedstomaintainhisweight.B.Achildwhoiseagertogrowupquickly.C.Agirlwhowantstowarmherselfinwinter.D.Apatientwholongstodecreasehisbloodsugar.C [细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Driedfruits(raisins,currants,apricots)helpyoustockuponiron.Ifyoutendtofeelcoldinwinter,keepraisinshandy.”可知,如果你冬天容易感到冷的话,可以把葡萄干放在手边,当作零食。由此可知,想要在冬天让自己暖和起来的女孩会从葡萄干这种干果中受益。故选C项。]Ⅱ.完形填空(山东省胶东示范校2020届高三下学期联考)Itstartedoutasanordinaryday.Iwasshoppingwhenit1methatIhadpromisedtodoareadingchallenge.Withthisinmind,Ipickeda2byRachelHollisandwenthome.ShortlyafterIsatdownreading,mydogstartedbarking.3,Ithrewthebookdownontothecushionto4thedog.WhenIreturned,Ifounda(n)55dollarbillonthefloor.Assumingitflewoutofthebook,Iglancedthroughpagesinthe6offindingaclue.Ithenfoundanotebetweenthechapters.It7,“Tothepersonwhobuysthisbook:I'mhavingahardday.MaybeIcould8someoneelse'swiththislittlegift...”Ithoughtitwassomeonereally9thatshiftedtheenergyonsuchabad\ndayto10someoneelse's.IfIwashaving11days,I'djustwanttosettlebackeatingicecream!Ithensharedthesweetgestureonawebsite,whichreceivedthousandsoflikes.NowIam12withresponsesfrompeoplewhohavebeen13topaythegooddeedforward.Ihopethecountlessnewstorieswill14theauthorofthenote,sothatshecouldknowthe15ofhersimplekindness.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者买回家一本书,意外发现里面夹着一张钞票和便条,原来是一个陌生人在自己不如意的一天给别人准备的礼物。作者将这一善举上传到网上后,引发了一连串的善行。1.A.worried B.reminded C.hit  D.shockedC [结合语境和下文中的“Withthisinmind”可知,作者正在购物时,突然想起自己曾承诺要进行一项阅读挑战。hit后跟sb.,可以表示“使某人突然想起”。]2.A.listB.noteC.recordD.workD [想到了这件事,作者挑选了一本RachelHollis的书,然后回家了。work“著作,(艺术)作品”。]3.A.EventuallyB.ConsequentlyC.GraduallyD.SuddenlyB [作者坐下看书后不久,她的狗就开始叫了起来。因此她把书扔到垫子上,去查看她的小狗。根据语境可知,空处前后之间是因果关系,所以此处用副词consequently“结果,因此,所以”。]4.A.checkonB.bringinC.holdupD.findoutA [参见上题解析。]5.A.movingB.amusingC.confusingD.satisfyingC [作者发现在地上莫名其妙多了一张5美元的钞票,感到很惊奇。confusing“令人困惑的”。]6.A.expectationB.formC.directionD.processA [作者假定钱是从书中飞出来的,于是翻阅书页,希望能找到线索。intheexpectationof“希望……,期待……”。]7.A.writesB.readsC.showsD.means\nB [作者发现了一张夹在书中的便条,上面写的有内容。read“(指示牌、信上等)写着”。]8.A.observeB.memorizeC.lengthenD.brightenD [此处表示“我这一天过得不好,也许我可以用这个小礼物使别人有愉悦的一天”。brighten“使更开心,使更有趣”。]9.A.creativeB.elegantC.energeticD.specialD [根据上文的内容以及下文作者拿自己与写便条的人作对比“IfIwashaving...settlebackeatingicecream!”可知,写便条的人某一天的日子很艰难,但却转移精力去改善别人的一天,作者认为这样的人很特别。special“特殊的,特别的”。]10.A.praisingB.improvingC.understandingD.noticingB [结合语境以及上文提到的“withthislittlegift”可知,写便条的人想改善别人的一天。improve“改善”。]11.A.busyB.pleasantC.toughD.boringC [上文中的“I'mhavingahardday”“onsuchabadday”暗示了此处是作者拿自己与写便条的人作对比。tough“艰苦的,艰难的”。]12.A.floodedB.associatedC.facedD.providedA [作者现在收到了很多人的回复。befloodedwithsth.“大量收到某物”。]13.A.interestedB.inspiredC.recommendedD.urgedB [他们被这一善举鼓舞(inspired),都以实际行动把这种善行传递下去。]14.A.changeB.helpC.connectD.reachD [根据下文中的“sothatshecouldknow”可知,作者希望这些新的故事最终能传到便条的作者那里。reach“得知(信息)”。]15.A.purposeB.spreadC.impactD.reputationC [作者希望便条的作者能充分了解到自己的善举所带来的影响。impact“影响”。]Ⅲ.语法填空(2021·新高考八省联考卷)Likemanyotherstudents,youmayhavevarious\npeople,1.________(include)familymembersandfriends,givinginputonyourcollegedecision.Whilemanyofyourtrustedrelativesandpeers(同龄人)mayhavevery2.________(value)advicethatcanhelpyoutomakethedecision,finallythechoiceisyoursandyoursalone.Onlyyoucanfullyrealizewhichaspectsofacollegewillmakeyoutrulyhappyand3.________(satisfy),sokeepthatatthefrontofyourmind.Moreover,fullyconsidereachoption.Itcanbeeasy4.________(let)aparticularschoolbecomeafrontrunnerearlyon5.________yourdecisionmakingprocess,anditmayevenbecomethewinningchoice—butbesuretocarefullyevaluateeveryschool6.________hasacceptedyou,sinceyouhadparticularreasonsforapplyingtoeachschool.Dokeep7.________openmind.Studentscanchangemajors,butrememberthatthere'snorelivingacertainsemester(学期),andthere'snomakingupforlosttime.Don'tgotoaschool8.________(specific)forahighschoolrelationship9.________tomakesomeoneelsehappy.A10.________(student)collegeexperienceishisorherown,andthestudentmustputhisorhereducationfirst.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要是关于学生该如何选择自己要上的学校的建议,说明了虽然亲戚和朋友可能有非常有价值的建议,但还是要自己做决定,充分考虑每一种选择,保持开放的心态,把自己的教育放在首位。1.including [考查介词。句意:像许多其他学生一样,你可能会有各种各样的人,包括家庭成员和朋友,为你的大学决定提供意见。结合句意表示“包含……在内”,后跟名词familymembersandfriends作宾语,应用介词including。故填including。]2.valuable [考查形容词。句意:虽然许多你信任的亲戚和同龄人可能有非常有价值的建议,它可以帮助你做决定,但是最终的选择要你自己做出,也只能靠你自己做出。修饰后文名词advice,作定语,应用形容词valuable。故填valuable。]3.satisfied [考查形容词。句意:只有你才能充分意识到大学哪些方面会让你真正感到快乐和满足,所以要把这一点放在心上。此处为“make+宾语+宾补”结构,此处修饰人应用ed结尾形容词satisfied,作宾补。故填satisfied。]4.tolet [考查非谓语动词。句意:在你做决定的早期阶段,把一所特定的学校作为首选是很容易的,它甚至可能成为你的最佳选择——但一定要仔细评估每一所录取你的学校,因为你申请每一所学校都有特定的理由。此处为“itbe+adj.+todosth.”句型,it作形式主语,不定式为真正主语。故填tolet。]5.during\n [考查介词。句意:在你做决定的早期阶段,把一所特定的学校作为首选是很容易的,它甚至可能成为你的最佳选择——但一定要仔细评估每一所录取你的学校,因为你申请每一所学校都有特定的理由。结合语境表示“在……期间”可知应用during。故填during。]6.that [考查定语从句。句意:在你做决定的早期阶段,把一所特定的学校作为首选是很容易的,它甚至可能成为你的最佳选择——但一定要仔细评估每一所录取你的学校,因为你申请每一所学校都有特定的理由。此处为定语从句修饰先行词school,先行词在从句中作主语,指物,且由every修饰,只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。]7.an [考查冠词。句意:一定要保持开放的心态。结合句意表示“保持开放心态”短语为keepanopenmind。故填an。]8.specifically [考查副词。句意:不要专门为了一段高中恋情或者让别人开心而去一所学校上学。修饰后文介词短语forahighschoolrelationship,应用副词specifically,作状语。故填specifically。]9.or [考查连词。句意:不要专门为了一段高中恋情或者让别人开心而去一所学校上学。否定句中,表示“或者”应用连词or。故填or。]10.student's [考查名词所有格。句意:一个学生的大学经历是他或她自己的,学生必须把他或她的教育放在首位。此处student与后文collegeexperience构成所属关系,结合后文“hisorherown”可知指一个学生的大学经历,故应用有生命的名词所有格形式student's。故填student's。]

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发布时间:2022-08-25 17:22:31 页数:8
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