统考版2023高考英语一轮复习必修1Unit2Heroes课时提能练含解析北师大版20230238216

课时提能练(三)必修1　Unit2　Heroes(A)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·开封市一模)I'mAmandaGorman.I'vebeencrazyaboutwritingpoetrysincethirdgrade.Afterpolishingupmyskillsforaboutadecadeandhavingjudgesreviewmypoetryandvideosofmyperformances，Iwasnamedthecountry'sYouthPoetLaureatein2017.I'vereadmyworkattheLibraryofCongress.It'sbeenanexcellentjourneyespeciallysinceIusedtohavetroublesayinghalfofthealphabet.MytwinsisterSarahandIwerebornveryprematurely，whichledtolotsofearinfections.Ididn'thaveasmuchluckasSarahandtheearinfectionsleftmewithaseverehearingproblem，makingitdifficulttounderstandspeech，whichcausedmetodevelopaspeechimpediment(障碍)．MysisterwouldhavetotranslatewhenIspokebecausepeoplehadnoideawhatIwassaying.Writingwasn'tjustfun；itwasawaytohavemyvoiceheardandtostopmefromfeelingpityformydisability.AndIwasdeterminedtoreadmypoetryinfrontofaudiences.Oursinglemomcouldn'talwaysaffordmedicalhelp.Sometimesshehadtochoose：ShallIputfoodonthetableormakesureAmandacansaythisword?Whenwecouldn'tpay，I'dspendaboutanhouradayrecordingmytalkingandcorrectingthemistakesagainandagain.Butpoetrywasaconstant.Ididn'tneedexpensivematerialstotrainmyselftobebetteratthat.Atage20，Istillsufferfromselfdoubt，butIhavegotanecklacewhichmygrandmothergaveme.WhenI'mnervousbeforeperforming，Iholditandsay，“Iamthedaughterofblackwriterswhofoughtfortheirfreedom，broketheirchainsandchangedtheworld.”Andusuallyaftersayingthat，I'mreadytogo.【语篇解读】　AmandaGorman因为早产而有听力方面的问题和随之导致的语言障碍，但她从小酷爱写诗，并一直坚持，在2017年获得了“青年桂冠诗人”的称号。1．WhywasthevisittotheLibraryofCongressspecialforAmanda?A．Becauseshereceivedabigawardafterthevisit.B．Becauseshewasinspiredtowritepoetrythere.C．Becauseshedidsomereadingfortheaudience.D．Becauseshesucceededinsayingthealphabetthere.C　[细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“I'vereadmyworkattheLibraryofCongress.It'sbeenanexcellentjourneyespeciallysinceIusedtohavetroublesaying\nhalfofthealphabet”可知，国会图书馆之行对于Amanda来说很特别是因为她在那里朗读了自己的作品，故选C。]2．HowisSarahdifferentfromAmanda?A．Sarahisphysicallyhealthier.B．Sarahfindswritingmuchmorefun.C．Sarahlikespublicspeakingalotmore.D．Sarahdidn'thaveearinfectionsasababy.A　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Ididn'thaveasmuchluckasSarah”和“Mysisterwouldhavetotranslate”可推知，Sarah的身体状况要比Amanda好，故A项正确。]3．WhatdidAmandathinkofhermom?A．Hermomdidn'tlikesettingthetable.B．Hermomstruggledtosupportthefamily.C．Hermomshowedlittleconcernforher.D．Hermomwasgoodatcorrectinghermistakes.B　[细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句“Oursinglemomcouldn'talwaysaffordmedicalhelp...saythisword”可知，Amanda的母亲辛苦养家，故B项正确。]4．WhatcanweknowaboutAmandafromthelastparagraph?A．She'sablackwoman.B．She'salwaysconfident.C．Shehasmanynecklaces.D．Sheaimstochangetheworld.A　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Iamthedaughterofblackwriters”可知，Amanda是一个黑人，故选A。]B(2020·湖北省部分重点中学第一次联考)Havinganolderbrotherorsistercomeswithplentyofbenefits.Bigbrothersandsisterstendtolookoutfortheiryoungersiblings，anddespitetheoccasionalrockymoments，manysiblingshavelifelongcloserelationships.However，anewstudyfindstheinterestingdownside：childrenwitholderbrotherstakelongerwhenitcomestodevelopinglanguageskills.Thestudy，conductedbyagroupofresearchersinParis，France，buildsontheearlierresearchthathadalreadyestablishedthathavingoldersiblingsisassociatedwithpoorlinguistic(语言的)development.Now，researcherssaytheyhavecometoamorespecificconclusion：onlychildrenwitholderbrothersexhibittheselinguistic\ndifficulties.Onewouldassumethatchildrenwitholderbrotherswouldgrowuparoundmoreconversationonadailybasis，thusspeedinguptheirlanguagedevelopment.Yetresearcherssaysuchchildrenactuallytakelongerthantheirolderbrotherstobegindevelopingtheseskills.Researchersstudiedmorethan1,000childrenfromtheirbirthtotheageoffiveandahalfyearsold.Eachchild'slanguageskillsweretestedatages2,3，and5.5，usingtestsspeciallydesignedtomeasurenumerousaspectsoflanguagedevelopmentsuchasvocabulary，syntax(句法)，andverbalreasoning.Whattheresearchteamdiscoveredwassignificant：childrenwitholderbrothershad，onaverage，atwomonthdelayintheirlanguagedevelopmentcomparedtochildrenwitholdersisters.Whenexplainingthisphenomenon，researchershaveproposedtwohypotheses(假设)．Thefirsthypothesisisthatoldersisterstendtotalkmoreoftenthanolderbrothers，whichwouldmakeupforparentspotentiallybeinglesspresentthantheywerefortheirfirstchild.Thesecondisthatoldersistersusuallycompetewiththeirsiblingslessthanolderbrothersfortheirparents'love.Sofar，thestudy'sauthorssaytheycan'tsayforcertainwhychildrenwitholderbrothershaveahardertimedevelopinglanguageskills.Inthefuturetheywouldliketoinvestigateifculturesorlocationsimpacttheresultsofthestudy.【语篇解读】　有一个哥哥或姐姐有很多益处，哥哥和姐姐倾向于照顾他们的弟弟妹妹，但一项新的研究发现，有哥哥的孩子的语言能力发展比较慢。5．Peoplemayenjoyhavingbrothersandsistersbecause________.A．siblingsmayaffectthespeedoflanguagelearningB．theysharethehappymomentsonrockymountainsC．olderbrothersandsisterswilltakecareofyoungeronesD．allsiblingswillstayclosetoeachothernomatterwhathappensC　[推理判断题。根据第一段第二句中的“Bigbrothersandsisterstendtolookoutfortheiryoungersiblings”可知，哥哥和姐姐往往会照顾他们的弟弟、妹妹，由此可推知，很多人可能喜欢有哥哥、姐姐，是因为哥哥、姐姐们会照顾弟弟、妹妹。故选C。]【干扰项分析】　根据文章第一段最后一句的表述可知，一项新的研究表明拥有哥哥的孩子，语言能力发展需要更久的时间，这是有哥哥不好的一面，不应该是人们喜欢有哥哥的原因，故排除A项；根据第一段第二句中的“despitetheoccasionalrockymoments，manysiblingshavelifelongclose\nrelationships”可知，尽管偶尔会有关系难以维持的时刻，但许多兄弟姐妹一生都保持着亲密的关系，故B、D两项表述错误。6．Whatdoesthepreviousresearchsuggestabouthavingoldersiblings?A．Manychildrenpreferhavingbrothersandsisters.B．Itwillaffecttheyoungerone'slanguagedevelopment.C．Olderbrothersmayhavesomethingtodowiththelinguisticdifficulties.D．Childrenwitholderbrotherswouldgrowuparoundmoreconversationonadailybasis.B　[细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“theearlierresearchthathadalreadyestablishedthathavingoldersiblingsisassociatedwithpoorlinguistic(语言的)development”可知，之前的研究表明，有哥哥姐姐与语言能力发展不良有关。故选B。]7．Whydochildrenwitholderbrothersexperiencethedelayinlanguagedevelopment?A．Probablybecauseolderbrothersareeagerformoreattention.B．Probablybecauseparentstendtofocusmoreonthefirstchild.C．Probablybecausechildrenwitholderbrothersareusuallylesscompetitive.D．Probablybecauseoldersistersgetlesslovefromtheirparentscomparedtoolderbrothers.A　[推理判断题。根据第六段第三句“Thesecondisthatoldersistersusuallycompetewiththeirsiblingslessthanolderbrothersfortheirparents'love”可知，对于有哥哥的孩子语言能力发展比有姐姐的慢这个现象的原因，研究人员提出的第二个假设是，为了得到父母的爱，姐姐们通常比哥哥们更少地与弟弟妹妹竞争。由此可推知，哥哥们渴望得到更多的关注。故选A。]8．Whichoneisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Havingoldersiblings：agoodthingoradisaster?B．Thedelayofyourchildren'slanguagedevelopmentC．Whydochildrensufferfrompoorlanguageskills?D．OlderbrothersmayaffectyoungeronesinlanguagelearningD　[标题判断题。文章主要讲述了一项新的研究发现——有哥哥的孩子的语言能力发展要比有姐姐的孩子慢。文章第一段介绍了该研究的发现，第二至第七段详细介绍了该研究的过程、发现及对这种现象发生原因的假设，故D项最适合作本文标题。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2020·湖北八校第一次联考)LastSunday，therewasnodirtintheair，onlybrightspringsunshineandaclearbluesky.Intheafternoon，Papaheadedouttothefield\ntocheckonthecattlewhileMamastartedcleaningthehouse.FayeandIplayedintheyard.Thetemperaturesuddenlydropped—itfeltgood.The__1__hadbeenbuildingsincedawn.ThenMamashoutedfromthe__2__，“Iris，youandFayegetinsidequicklynow！”Ilookedtothewestandsawahugecloudofblack__3__，likethicksmokefromarailwayengine'schimney.Allthebirdsflewaway.“Faye，gowithMama！”I__4__.“I'llwarnPapa.”Fayerantowardthehouse.ThesandstormhitsofastthatI__5__sawherclimbtheporch(门廊)steps.Inashorttime，thedayturnedintonight.I__6__forPapa，hopingmyvoicewouldleadhimback.Thedirtandsandstungmyfacelikeathousandbees.Ineededtogettoashelter.__7__myfacewithonehand，Imademywaytowardthecarandopenedthedoor.DirtflewinwithmeasIpulledthedoorclosed.Papawasstilloutthere!Ineededtohelphim__8__thecar.Isearchedthedashboard(仪表板)andfoundtheswitchforthefront__9__.Theymadesomerays，butwouldPapaseetheminthethick__10__?Ipushedthehorn(喇叭)againandagain，hopingPapawouldhearit.__11__，Papa'sfaceappearedatthewindow.Myheartjumpedwithsurpriseand__12__.Heopenedthedoorandclimbedontotheseatnexttome.Hecoughedandwipedhiseyeswithdirtyhands，thenpulledmeintohisarms.“Oh，Iris，you're__13__.”IhuggedPapaand__14__.Icouldfeelthetearsstreamingdownmydirtycheeks.Papa__15__myfaceandasked，“YourmotherandFaye？”Isaid，“Theyareinthehouse.”Papanodded，“Good.We'llwaitoutthesandstormhere.”Papashutoffthecar'slightsandIworriedthedirtwould__16__us.Finally，thewinddieddownandtheduststartedto__17__.Papakickedagainstthedoor，openingitfarenoughtoletusout.WewenthomeasMama__18__out.“Mama！”Ishoutedandranintoherarms.“Oh，mypreciousIris！”Mamacried.“YouandPapaaresafe！”“I'msafe__19__Iris，”Papasaid.“Thecar'shornledmetotheshelter.”“I'msoproudofyou，”Mamasaidtome.Icriedevenmorethen，butthetearsIshedweretearsofjoybecauseourfamilyhad__20__thehorriblesandstorm.\n【语篇解读】　一个晴朗的春日下午，作者的父亲去牧场查看牛的情况，母亲开始打扫房子，作者和妹妹在院子里玩耍。这时气温骤降，一场沙尘暴将至，作者让妹妹到屋里去和妈妈在一起，自己则去提醒父亲。接着，作者找到自家的车，把前车灯打开，并一遍遍地按喇叭，最终父亲听到喇叭声回到了车里。最后，一家人平安地渡过了沙尘暴。1．A.sand　　　　　　　　B．thunder　C．heat　D．snowC　[根据前一句“Thetemperaturesuddenlydropped—itfeltgood”和语境可推知，从黎明开始气温一直在上升。]2．A.school　B．house　　C．field　　D．carB　[根据上文中的“Mamastartedcleaningthehouse”和本句中的“Iris，youandFayegetinsidequicklynow！”可推知，当时妈妈正在打扫房子，她应该是从屋里喊在院子里玩耍的Iris和Faye，让她们进屋里。]3．A.fog　　　B．gas　　C．steam　　D．dustD　[根据本句中的“likethicksmokefromarailwayengine'schimney”，并与下文中的“Thedirtandsandstungmyfacelikeathousandbees”呼应可推知，作者当时朝西边看，看到一大团黑色的灰尘。]4．A.stated　B．complained　C．suggested　D．shoutedD　[根据语境以及“Faye，gowithMama！”并与上文中的“ThenMamashouted”呼应可推知，作者看到一大团黑色的灰尘，察觉到不对劲，就大声对妹妹说话，让妹妹进屋里和妈妈待在一起。]5．A.hardly　B．constantlyC．really　　D．surprisinglyA　[根据本句中的“Thesandstormhitsofast”可知，沙尘暴来得很快，以至于作者几乎看不见妹妹爬门廊前的台阶。]6．A.screamedB．waited　　C．looked　　D．searchedA　[根据本句中的“hopingmyvoicewouldleadhimback”可推知，作者当时应是大声喊她的爸爸。]7．A.CleaningB．Touching　C．Covering　D．RubbingC　[根据上文中的“Thedirtandsandstungmyfacelikeathousand\nbees”可推知，当时沙尘暴很恶劣，作者应是用一只手遮着自己的脸，朝车走去。]8．A.fix　B．find　　C．recognize　D．driveB　[根据前一句“Papawasstilloutthere！”可知，爸爸不在车里，因此作者需要帮助他在沙尘暴中找到自己所待的这辆车。]9．A.lights　B．handles　　C．wheels　D．windowsA　[根据空后的“Theymadesomerays”，并结合本句中的“Isearchedthedashboard(仪表板)”可推知，作者搜寻仪表板，找到了前车灯的开关，这也与下文中的“Papashutoffthecar'slights”呼应。]10．A.smoke　B．darkness　C．forest　D．atmosphereB　[根据上文中的“Inashorttime，thedayturnedintonight”可推知，作者虽然把前车灯打开了，但是不确定在沙尘暴所造成的昏天暗地中父亲是否能看到灯光。]11．A.Curiously　B．Disappointedly　C．Suddenly　D．UnexpectedlyC　[根据下文中的“Myheartjumpedwithsurprise”可推知，在作者想办法让父亲找到车时，父亲的脸突然出现在车窗上，这让作者大吃一惊，同时也感到宽慰(relief)。]12．A.relief　B．warmth　　C．excitement　D．braveryA　[参见上题解析。]13．A.handsome　B．cautious　C．safe　　D．impressiveC　[根据前一句中的“pulledmeintohisarms”和下文中的“YouandPapaaresafe！”以及语境可推知，在沙尘暴这种恶劣的环境下，作者的父亲担心作者的安全，因此到车里后，感慨道作者是平安的。]14．A.smiled　B．whispered　C．relaxed　D．criedD　[根据空后一句“Icouldfeelthetearsstreamingdownmydirtycheeks”可推知，作者当时抱着父亲哭了。]15．A.glaredat　B．lookedat　C．sweptover　D．reachedforB　[根据语境可知，父亲确定作者安全之后，看着作者的脸询问母亲和妹妹的状况。]16．A.bury　B．leave　　\nC．hurt　D．poisonA　[根据语境可知，当时沙尘暴很大，而且昏天暗地，所以，当父亲关掉车灯后，作者担心灰尘会把他们遮盖住。]17．A.spread　B．multiply　　C．settle　D．doubleC　[根据本句中的“Finally，thewinddieddown”可知，终于风力逐渐减弱，沙土开始平静下来(settle)。]18．A.walkedB．slippedC．laughed　　D．dashedD　[根据下文中的“Ishoutedandranintoherarms”和“YouandPapaaresafe！”可推知，妈妈很担心作者和作者的父亲，因此当他们回到家时，妈妈正从家里冲出来。]19．A.ratherthan　B．apartfrom　C．thanksto　D．otherthanC　[根据后一句“Thecar'shornledmetotheshelter”和下文中的“I'msoproudofyou”可推知，作者的父亲对作者的母亲说多亏了作者他才能安全地回来。]20．A.survivedB．defeated　C．experienced　D．causedA　[根据语境可知，作者听到妈妈的赞扬后哭得更厉害了，但作者流下的泪水是喜悦的泪水，因为他们一家人经历了这次可怕的沙尘暴却安全无恙。]课时提能练(四)必修1　Unit2　Heroes(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·北京市高考适应性测试)Growingup，DekaIsmailsayssheletlabelsdefinewhatshecouldbe.“Iwasablackgirl，fromarefugee(难民)family，”Dekasaid.“ItwasasifIwasonlyallowedtoexploreinthispredeterminedbox.”Afterahighschoolchemistryclassinspiredhertothinkaboutacareerinscienceandgaveherconfidenceinthefield，Dekalearnedtoliveoutsidelabelsandbeganmakingbigplansforherfuture.NowsheisabouttobeginherfreshmanyearattheUniversityofCalifornia，planningtobecomeaprofessor.BornandraisedinSanDiego'sCityHeightsneighbourhood，Dekaisthedaughter\nofaSomalirefugeecouple.WhilesomemightsayDeka'ssuccesshappenedinspiteofherbackground，shewouldsaydifferently，thatherexperiencesshapedherandinspiredhertobethedriven，youngscientistthatsheistoday.WhenDekawaseightyearsold，hermothergotajobbystudyinghardbackinschoolinordertosupportthewholefamily.ThatmadeDekarealizethateducationcouldmakeadifferencetoone'slife.Shespentalotoftimeinthelibraryreadingbooks，anddidn'tdomanyofthethingsherpeersdid，likepartyingorhavingromanticrelationships.“IalwaysfeltlikeIhadtobetheperfectgirlformyfamily，”Dekasaid.“Youhavetonotevendoyourbestbuttwotimesbetterthaneveryoneelse.Ifeltlikethewholeworldwaswaitingformetomessup.”Deka'seffortspaidoff.Thesummerbeforehersenioryearofhighschool，shewasacceptedtotheAmericanChemicalSocietyProjectSEEDProgramme.“Shebroughtbothenthusiasmandfocus，”Botham，aresearcheratthisresearchinstitute，recalled.“Shearrivedeverydayreadytowork，readytolearnandreadytotacklenewchallengesregardlessofwhetherornotshehaddoneanythingsimilar.”Whenaskedwhatadviceshewouldgivetootherslikeher，Dekawarnedthemnottounderestimatethemselves.“Don'ttellyourselfthatthescholarshipistoobigorthisprogrammeistoocompetitiveorI'llnevergetintothisschool，”shesaid.“IwasnotsurewhetherIcouldmakeituntilIstartedseeingtheacceptancelettersrollingin.”【语篇解读】　Deka是一个出生在难民家庭里的黑人女孩，8岁时受母亲的影响意识到了知识的重要性，从此树立了梦想。高中化学课激起了她对科学的兴趣，增强了她的自信心。通过努力她最终取得了成就。1．Fromthepassage，wecanlearnthat________.A．DekawasadoptedbyarefugeefamilyB．DekaspentalotoftimegoingtopartiesC．DekabecameaprofessoraftergraduationD．Deka'sexperiencesdrovehertoworkhardD　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“...shewouldsaydifferently，thatherexperiencesshapedherandinspiredhertobethedriven，youngscientistthatsheistoday.”可知，她的经历激励着她成为今天这样一个有干劲的年轻科学家，故D项正确。]2．Dekarealizedtheimportanceofeducation________.A．fromhermother'sexperience\nB．afterherchemistryclassC．byreadingbooksinthelibraryD．throughworkingattheinstituteA　[细节理解题。根据第四段前两句可知，在Deka8岁时，她的母亲为养活全家，通过重返校园学习获得了一份工作，这让Deka意识到教育能对一个人的生活有影响，故A项正确。]3．Accordingtothelastparagraph，Dekaadvisedthatstudentsbe________.A．patient　B．confidentC．ambitiousD．generousB　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中Deka的告诫语(不要低估自己，不要告诉自己奖学金目标太高远，或这个计划太有竞争力，也不要告诉自己永远进不了这个学校)可推知，她建议学生要有自信，故B项正确。]4．Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A．Lifeisnotallroses.B．Practicemakesperfect.C．Wellbegunishalfdone.D．Hardworkleadstosuccess.D　[写作意图题。本文主要讲述了黑人女孩努力奋斗最终成功的故事，由此可知，本文旨在告诉我们努力可以带来成功，故D项正确。]B(2020·广州市高三年级阶段训练题)Let'sbeginwiththestory：KingHierocontractstheancientGreekpolymathArchimedes(阿基米德)todetectfraudinthemanufactureofagoldencrown.Archimedesacceptsthechallengeand，duringasubsequenttriptothepublicbaths，realizesthatthemorehisbodysinksintothewater，themorewaterisdisplaced—makingthedisplacedwateranexactmeasureofhisvolume.RealizinghehashituponamethodtodeterminewhethertheKing'scrownwasmadeofgoldorsilver，theyoungGreekleapsoutofthebathandrusheshomenakedcrying“Eureka!Eureka!”Or，translated:“I'vefoundit!I'vefoundit!”Toobad，however，Archimedesprobablyneverutteredthewordinthatway.Firstandforemost，Archimedeshimselfneverwroteaboutthisepisode，althoughhespentplentyoftimedetailingthelawsofbuoyancy(浮力)．TheoldestauthorityforthenakedArchimedeseurekastoryisVitruvius，aRomanwriter，whoincludedthetaleinhisintroductiontohisninthbookofarchitecture.“Vitruviusmayhavegotten\nitwrong，”saysChrisSchmitt，amathematicianandaselfdescribedArchimedes'fan.“ThemethodattributedtoArchimedesinthestoryworksintheorysoitsoundsright，butwhenyouactuallytryit，youfindthattherealworldgetsintheway.”Infact，Schmittisoneofalonglineofscientists，includingGalileo，whohavereadtheaccountandthought，“Thatcan'tberight.”AsGalileowrote，Archimedescouldhaveachievedafarmorepreciseresultusinghisownlawofbuoyancyandanaccuratescale.Infact，thesurfacetension(表面张力)ofwatercanmakethevolumeofalightobjectlikeacrownimmeasurable.“Theremaybesometruthtoit，”Schmittadds.“Archimedesdidmeasurethevolumeofthingsbuttheeurekamomentwasmaybeduetohisoriginaldiscoveryconcerningbuoyancy，notaboutsittinginthebathtubandthenrunningthroughthestreetsnaked.”MuchlikeNewton'sapple，theexclamationpersistsbecauseoftheenduringpowerofthestory:agoldencrown，alifebeinginthebalance，anakedmathematician.The_suspect_foundations_of_the_eureka_moment_take_nothing_away_from_the_word's_ability_to_uniquely_and_concisely_convey_the_flash_of_inspiration.【语篇解读】　阿基米德在浴室中发现浮力定律的故事广为流传，但根据科学家的发现，该故事应该不是真实的。5．Accordingtothefirstparagraph，howwouldArchimedesmeasurethevolumeofthecrown?A．Hewouldweighhimselfwithandwithoutthecrown.B．Hewouldweighthecrownfirstandthenputitintowater.C．Hewouldgotothepublicbathswearingthecrownonhishead.D．Hewouldmakethecrownsinkintowaterandmeasurethewaterdisplaced.D　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“makingthedisplacedwateranexactmeasureofhisvolume”可推知，阿基米德会将王冠沉到水里面，然后通过排水量来测量王冠的体积，故选D。]6．WhatdidGalileoprobablythinkofthenakedArchimedeseurekastory?A．Hebelievedtheword“eureka”wassaidinanothersituation.B．HesuspectedArchimedesdidn'trunthroughthestreetnaked.C．HedoubtedArchimedescarriedouttheexperimentindependently.D．HethoughtArchimedeswouldnothaveusedthemethoddescribed.D　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“AsGalileowrote，Archimedescouldhaveachieved\nafarmorepreciseresultusinghisownlawofbuoyancyandanaccuratescale”可推知，伽利略认为，阿基米德能用其他方法得到一个更为精确的结果，而非浴室故事所描述的方法，故选D。]7．Whatcanbeinferredfromtheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph?A．Theword“eureka”isstillwidelyusedtoday.B．Theword“eureka”isnowaformalscientificterm.C．Mostpeopleaccepttheauthenticityoftheoriginalstory.D．PeoplearestillinspiredbytheachievementsofArchimedes.A　[推理判断题。根据画线句子的句意“eureka时刻的不可信的根据丝毫没有减弱这个词独特、简明地表达灵感闪现的能力”可推知，eureka这个词直到今天仍被广泛使用，故选A。]8．Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A．TointroducethefamousscientistArchimedes.B．Toexaminethecredibilityoftheeurekastory.C．Toexplainhowtheword“eureka”wascreated.D．Tourgepeoplenottousetheword“eureka”anymore.B　[写作目的题。作者在第一段用广为人知的阿基米德在浴室发现浮力定律的故事来引出话题，第二段接着表明了论点“Archimedesprobablyneverutteredthewordinthatway”，第三段和第四段的内容支撑了该论点，最后一段进行了总结，所以B项正确。]Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2020·湖北省部分重点中学第一次联考)Boundbymannersandcommoncourtesy(礼貌)，youcanfinditdifficulttowalkawayfromaconversationwithoutseemingrude.Withthehelpofetiquette(礼节)experts，wehavesomesolutionstoyoursocialscares.Nexttimeyoufeeltrapped，rememberthesetips.__1__No，thismovedoesn'thavetoinvolvethrowingoneofyourfriendsunderthebus.Youcanintroduceyourconversationalpartnertoanindividualwithacommoninterestorqualityandhopethattheylikeeachother.AccordingtoetiquetteexpertJodiSmith，“Thesimplestwaytoleavesomeonewhoisoccupyingyourtimeatapartyistopullsomeoneelseintotheconversation.__2__”Tellthepeopleyou'veenjoyedspeakingwiththem.Ifyouracquaintancecan'ttellthatyou'reeagertoleave，trysummarizingyourconversationinthehopethatyourexchangewillcometoanaturalend.AccordingtoJenniferGrant，acertifiedEtiquetteCoach，youcanpolitelysay，“Beverly，Ihave\nenjoyedspeakingwithyouverymuchandifyouwillexcuseme，Ihavejustseenacolleague/friendthatIneedtospeakwith.”__3__It'ssimpleenoughtohavegoodmanners，whichiswhyyoushouldstopmakingtheseetiquettemistakesbyage30.__4__Ifyou'respeakingwithsomeoneatapartyornetworkingevent，youcansuggestactivitiestoyourconversationalpartner.__5__Orask，“Haveyouseentheballroomdownstairsyet?Iwasdownthereearlieranditwassofestive(欢乐的)．Youshouldgototakealook！”Thismethodofendingaconversationwillworkbestateventswithmanyinteractiveelements，suchasweddingpartiesorconventions.A．Trytofindanothertopic.B．Suggestanactivitytotheotherperson.C．Thisisasolutiontoallyourproblems.D．Bringsomeoneelseintotheconversation.E．Afterabriefintroductionofbothspeakers，youarefreetoexcuseyourself.F．Afarewellsuchasthisonewillmaketheotherpersonfeelappreciatedandrespected.G．Forexample，say，“Hey，youshouldgototrythepuddinginthekitchen—they'redelicious！”【语篇解读】　在社会交往中，我们需要注重礼仪，因此不失礼貌地从一个谈话中脱身有一定的难度；文章就此给出了相应的建议。1．D　[根据空处所在位置可知，空处为该段的小标题。通读该段内容可知，该段表述的是通过把另一个人拉进你们的谈话中来摆脱正在与你谈话的人。这与D项“让其他人参与到谈话中来”表述一致。故选D。]2．E　[根据空前一句可知，在聚会上，要想离开占用你时间的人，最简单的方法就是把其他人拉进谈话中，据此可推知，E项表述的“你可以简单地介绍谈话双方，之后你就可以离开了”与此处匹配。]3．F　[空前一句表述的是如何在表达自己很享受与对方的谈话之后，寻找理由客气地请求离开。这与F项中的“Afarewellsuchasthisone”表述连贯、一致。故选F。]4．B　[空处为该段的小标题。根据该段第一句中的“youcansuggestactivitiestoyourconversationalpartner”(你可以向你的谈话对象建议一些活动)以及该段给出的例子可知，该段讲述的是你可以向对方推荐一项活动，这样你就可以从中脱身离开。故选B。]5．G　[根据空前的“youcansuggestactivitiestoyourconversationalpartner”以及空后的“Or\nask”可知，该空与后面一句是作者列举的两个向与你谈话的人推荐可以做的事情的例子。故G项与此处匹配，衔接上下文。]Ⅲ.语法填空(2020·广州市调研测试)Weallknowcleanwaterisimportantforgoodhealth.Butnowwealsoknowweshouldwatch1.________wekeepourwaterin.Plasticbottleshardenedwithadangerousmaterial2.________(call)BPAcanreleaseachemicalintoourwaterthatharmsourbodies.Since2001，manycountries3._______(ban)plasticwithBPAfrom，useinfoodcontainersandfeedinbottles.ButareothernonBPAplasticssafe?PlasticlabeledBPAfreemightuseotherchemicalsthathave4.________(harm)effectsonhealth.5.________(study)haveshownthatlowlevelsofthosechemicalsmighthavethesameeffectsasBPA.So，whatshouldpeopledo?The6.________(good)materialtodrinkfromisglass，7.________hasnochemicalsthatcanpoisonwater.Anothergoodchoice8.________awatercontainerisastainlesssteel(不锈钢)bottle.Stainlesssteelbottlesarebetterthanaluminum(铝)bottles，whicharecoveredwiththinplastic9.________(protect)themetalfromacids(酸)．Therearemanygoodfoodgradestainlesssteelwaterbottlesonthemarket.Ifyoudodecidetouseareusableplasticwaterbottle，avoid10.________(keep)itinthesun.Sunlightandhotliquidspeedupthereleaseofchemicalsintoyourdrinkingwater.【语篇解读】　用BPA硬化而成的塑料瓶在存放水时会释放一种对身体有害的化学物质，一些标明不含BPA的塑料也可能使用了对健康有害的其他化学物质。存放水的最佳材料是玻璃，不锈钢也是不错的选择。1．what　[考查宾语从句。根据下文中的“Plasticbottles”可知，此处表示我们现在还知道应该留意存放水的地方。分析该句结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作介词in的宾语，表示“……的事物”，故用what引导该宾语从句。]2．called　[考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知，adangerousmaterial和动词call之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用call的过去分词形式。]3．havebanned　[考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语“Since2011”可知，该句应用现在完成时，又因主语manycountries为复数，故填havebanned。]4．harmful　[考查形容词。形容词修饰名词，空处修饰名词effects，故用harm的形容词形式harmful。]5．Studies　[考查名词的单复数。根据该句中的“haveshown”可知，该句主语应为复数，且此处study作“研究，调查”讲，是可数名词，故用study的复数形式。]\n6．best　[考查形容词的最高级。上文介绍了两种对身体有害的塑料存水容器，结合该句中的“The”并根据语境可知，此处表示用来喝水的最好的材料是玻璃。故用形容词的最高级形式。]7．which　[考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为glass，故用which引导该从句。]8．for/as/of　[考查介词。根据本句句意可知，此处可表示用途，故用for或者as；此处也可以表示“关于”，故用of。]9．toprotect　[考查动词不定式。句意：不锈钢瓶比铝瓶好，铝瓶上覆盖着薄薄的塑料以保护金属不被酸腐蚀。空处表示目的，故用动词不定式。]10．keeping　[考查动名词。avoiddoingsth.为固定用法，意为“避免做某事”。]Ⅳ.短文改错(2020·安徽省示范高中名校上学期联考)LiMingisafriendofmine.I'mgladhechangedgreatlyinthepasttwoyears.Iclearlyrememberhewasquitefattwoyearsbefore.Hegottiredsoeasythathecouldn'ttakeexercise，thatmadehimveryupset.Later，herealizedunlesshewentonlikethat，hewouldendupachievenothing.Sohemadeuphismindstomakeachange.Hewentrunningeverymorningandplayedthebasketballeveryafternoon.Besides，hefollowedadietofmorevegetablesorlessmeat.Graduallyhebegantoloseweight.Heisnowanenergeticboyingoodhealth.Sowhenfacedwithproblems，weshouldovercomeitwithgreatdeterminationandstrongwillpower.[答案]　LiMingisafriendofmine.I'mgladhechangedgreatlyinthepasttwoyears.Iclearlyrememberhewasquitefattwoyears.Hegottiredsothathecouldn'ttakeexercise，或madehimveryupset.Later，herealizedhewentonlikethat，hewouldendupnothing.Sohemadeuphistomakeachange.Hewentrunningeverymorningandplayedbasketballeveryafternoon.Besides，hefollowedadietofmorevegetableslessmeat.Graduallyhebegantoloseweight.Heisnowanenergeticboyingoodhealth.Sowhenfacedwithproblems，weshouldovercomewithgreatdeterminationandstrongwillpower.