统考版2023高考英语一轮复习必修2Unit6Design课时提能练含解析北师大版20230238220

课时提能练(十一)必修2　Unit6　Design(A)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·福建省质量检查测试)AtEngland'sUniversityofPlymouth，ProfessorEduardoMirandahasbeenprogrammingpairsofrobotstocomposemusic.Miranda'srobotshavesimple“vocalcords”(声带)andareprogrammedtosingandlistentoeachother.Therobots'uniquewarblingsounds(颤音)donotperfectlymatchthehumanvoice，buteachmachineisexactlysharingmusicwiththeotherinanewanduniqueway.Eachrobotisequippedwithspeakers，softwarethatmimicsthehumanvoice，amouththatopensasit“sings”，amicrophoneforears，andacameraforeyes.Therobotsalsomove.Mirandahopesthatbystudyinghisrobotvocalists，hecandiscoversomethingabouthowandwhyhumanscreate，perform，andlistentomusic.Whentherobotssing，thefirstrobotmakessixrandomsounds.Itspartnerrespondswithmoresounds.Thefirstrobotanalyzesthesoundstoseeiftheirsequences(顺序)aresimilar.Iftheyare，itnodsitsheadandcommitsthesoundstomemory，andthesecondrobotnoticesand“memorizes”themusicalsequence，too.Ifthefirstrobotthinksthesoundsaretoodifferent，itshakesitsheadandbothrobotsignorethesounds.Thentheprocesscontinues.Mirandasetupanexperimentinwhichheleftthetworobotsaloneinhisstudyfortwoweeks.Whenhereturned，hislittlewarblershad，byimitatingeachother，notonlysharednotesbutcombinedthem.Theproductoftheircooperationwasfarfromsymphonic，buttherobotshadbeguntocombinethenotesintotheirownselfdeveloped“songs”．Withthehelpofhiswarblingrobots，oneofMiranda'sgoalsistocreatemusicthatnohumanwouldevercompose.Mirandabelievestherobotsareidealforthispurposebecausetheywouldnotbeinfluencedbyanyexistingmusicalstylesorrules.【语篇解读】　普利茅斯大学的教授EduardoMiranda通过编写程序让一对机器人创作音乐。本文介绍了Miranda的实验过程以及他的目标等。1．Whichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“mimics”inParagraph2?A．Substitutes.　　　　　B．Interrupts.C．Controls.　　　　　　　　D．Copies.D　[词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“amouththatopensasit‘sings’，a\nmicrophoneforears，andacameraforeyes”可知，“唱歌”时嘴张开、麦克风用作耳朵、摄像头用作眼睛。由此可推知，此处表示用来模仿人声的软件，故D项正确。A项意为“代替，取代”。]2．WhatdidthetworobotsdoduringMiranda'sexperiment?A．Theyinteractedwitheachother.B．Theyignoredtheuniquesound.C．Theylearnedtosingbetterthanhumans.D．Theycommittedrandomsoundstomemory.A　[细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句“Whentherobotssing，thefirstrobotmakessixrandomsounds.Itspartnerrespondswithmoresounds”可知，当机器人唱歌时，第一个机器人发出六个随机的声音；它的同伴会发出更多的声音来回应。并结合该段其他内容可知，在唱歌时，机器人之间会互动，故A项正确。]3．WhatdoesMirandawanthisrobotstodo?A．Singaswellashumansdo.B．Createnewstylesofmusic.C．Memorizeavarietyofmusic.D．Promotetraditionalmusicalforms.B　[细节理解题。根据尾段第一句“Withthehelpofhiswarblingrobots，oneofMiranda'sgoalsistocreatemusicthatnohumanwouldevercompose”可知，Miranda的目标之一就是凭借机器人的帮助创作出人类永远无法创作出的音乐，即创造出新风格的音乐，故B项正确。]4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Futurerobots.　　　　B．Specialsongs.C．Musicbyrobots.　　　D．ExperimentsbyMiranda.C　[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，根据第一段第一句“AtEngland'sUniversityofPlymouth，ProfessorEduardoMirandahasbeenprogrammingpairsofrobotstocomposemusic”为全文的主题句，结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了EduardoMiranda教授用机器人创作音乐的实验过程。故C项正确。]B(2020·武汉市高中毕业生学习质量检测)Yellowisusuallythecolorofhappy，joyfulemotions.Butaccordingtoanewstudy，notallpeopleassociatethecolorwithgoodfeelings.\nTofindoutwhatfactorsmightplayarole，researcherstestedanewhypothesis(假设):Whatifpeople'sphysicalsurroundingsaffecttheirfeelingsaboutcertaincolors?Forexample，ifsomeonelivedincoldandrainyFinland，wouldhefeeldifferentlyaboutthecoloryellowfromsomeonewholivedneartheSaharaDesert?Theresearcherslookedatcoloremotiondatafromanongoinginternationalsurveyof6,625peoplein55countries.Thesurveyaskedparticipantstorate12colorsonhowcloselytheywereassociatedwithfeelingsincludingjoy，pride，fear，andshame.Theresearcherspaidparticularattentiontothedataforyellow，andanalyzedhowdifferentfactors—includinghoursofsunshine，hoursofdaylight，andtheamountofrainfall—wereassociatedwiththeemotionspeoplereportedforthecolor.Thetwobestpredictorsofhowpeoplefeltaboutyellowweretheannualamountofrainfall，andhowfartheylivedfromtheequator(赤道)．Overall，peopleweremorelikelytoassociateyellowwithjoywhentheylivedinrainiercountriesthatlayfartherfromtheequator，researchersreportedintheJournalofEnvironmentalPsychology.InEgypt，thelikelihood(可能性)ofyellowbeingassociatedwithjoywasjust5.7%，whereasinchillyFinlanditwas87.7%.IntheUnitedStates，withitsmildclimateandamberwavesofgrain，people'syellowjoyassociationlevelswerebetween60%and70%.Theresearchersalsocheckedwhetherassociationschangedwiththeseason—whether，forexample，peopleinacertaincountrylikedyellowmoreinthewinterthantheydidinthesummer.Theyfoundthatopinionsaboutthecolorremainedfairlyconstantallyearround—evenwhentheweatherchanged，thedataonyellowjoyassociationswereasgoodasgold.【语篇解读】　研究人员通过研究一项有关颜色和情绪的调查数据发现，人们对黄色的感觉与年降雨量和他们住的地方离赤道的距离有关，而与季节变化的关联性不大。5．Whatdidtheresearchersdobeforethesurvey?A．TheywenttoFinland.B．Theymadeanassumption.C．Theystudiedcertaincolors.D．Theyanalyzedsomedata.B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Tofindoutwhatfactorsmightplayarole，researcherstestedanewhypothesis(假设)”可知，在进行这项调查之前，研究人员提出了一个假设。故选B。]\n6．Whichofthefollowingaffectspeople'sfeelingsaboutyellow?A．Thechangeableweather.B．Thelengthofdaytime.C．Thegeographicalposition.D．Theamountofsnowfall.C　[细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Thetwobestpredictorsofhowpeoplefeltaboutyellowweretheannualamountofrainfall，andhowfartheylivedfromtheequator(赤道)”可知，人们对黄色的感觉的两个最好预示物是年降雨量和他们住的地方离赤道的距离。由此可知，地理位置影响人们对黄色的感觉。故选C。]7．Howdidtheresearcherscarryoutthesurvey?A．Byinterviewingparticipants.B．Bystudyingthedatacollected.C．Bytravellingaroundtheworld.D．Bylookingatcolorcombinations.B　[细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Theresearcherslookedatcoloremotiondatafromanongoinginternationalsurveyof6,625peoplein55countries”可知，研究人员是通过研究收集的数据来进行该项调查的。故选B。]8．Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A．Finland:ACountryAdmiringYellowB．YellowAssociatedwithJoyConditionallyC．Color:AnImportantRoleinGoodFeelingsD．ColoremotionDataCollectedInternationallyB　[标题判断题。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现——不是所有人都把黄色与令人愉快的情绪联系在一起。研究人员通过研究相关调查数据，分析了不同的因素是如何与人们对黄色的感觉联系在一起的。由此可知，B项最适合作本文标题。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2020·安徽省部分重点校联考)OverthelastsummerIvolunteeredatasummercampforchildrenaged5through12.EverydayforsixweeksI__1__pedal(踏板)powertoconquerthehillknownonlyasDepot.__2__IarrivedatAbbotSchoolat7：30am,Ibeganmysevenhourdayofcleaning,entertainingandothers.Byhelpingthesekidsandworkingwithothervolunteers,Iwasabletodevelopabetter__3__ofresponsibilitynotjustformyselfbutfor__4__aroundme.InthebeginningIhelpeda__5__oftwelveyearolds.Ihadalotoffunbecausetheywerethemostmature__6__，andIcouldrelatetothem.Theydidn'tneedas\n__7__helpastheyoungerkidssothedirectorofthecampswitchedmedowntosixyearolds.Forthe__8__fewyearsIhadgonetoanadventurecampinthewoodsofMaine.ThereIparticipatedinrafting,rockclimbing,andseakayaking.Butnothingcouldhave__9__meforworkingnonstopwith15sixyearolds.Fromfightsoverbattingorder__10__whogottodrinkfromthewaterfountainfirst,wewereinaconstant__11__ofnoise.Icouldnow__12__whyparentsalwaysseemedto__13__asighofreliefastheydroppedofftheirlittlenaughtykidseverymorning.ForthefirstsummerIwasdoingsomethingthat__14__someoneelse,andIfoundmore__15__inthatthananywastedsummerdaysinthepast.Duringthisuniqueopportunityofgivinga__16__partofmysummer,Iwasabletogetbacksomuchmore.Ilearnedhowmuchmytimeisreally__17__andhowtotakeresponsibilityformyselfand__18__others.Ilearnedhowdifferenteachindividualisandhowneeds__19__，andIgainedmoreconfidencewhenIrealizedIcould__20__intherealworld.【语篇解读】　在夏令营中做志愿者的经历令作者收获颇多，作者不仅从中学会了对自己和他人负责，而且也了解到个体是有差异的，且人们的需求是不同的，也获得了更多自信。1．A.used　　　　　　B．producedC．wastedD．accumulatedA　[根据下文“IarrivedatAbbotSchoolat7：30am”可推知，此处表示作者的出行方式。故选A。accumulate“积累”。]2．A.ThoughB．BecauseC．OnceD．IfC　[根据该句中的“began”和语境可知，此处表示作者一到学校就开始工作。once意为“一……就……”。故选C。]3．A.knowledgeB．senseC．dutyD．sightB　[作者通过志愿者工作，培养了更好的责任感。asenseofresponsibility意为“一种责任感”。]4．A.anyB．onesC．theseD．thoseD　[与句中的“myself”对应，并结合“aroundme”可推知，此处特指作者周围的那些人。]5．A.gradeB．group\nC．classD．packB　[根据后一句中的“they”，并结合上文提到的夏令营活动可推知，此处表示作者起初帮助一组12岁的小朋友。]6．A.campersB．volunteersC．teachersD．guidesA　[根据上文内容可知，此处的“they”指的是上文中提到的那组12岁的参加夏令营的小朋友。]7．A.manyB．someC．muchD．otherC　[空处修饰不可数名词help，又结合语境可知，此处应用much，表示他们不像小一点的孩子一样需要那么多帮助。]8．A.nextB．oldC．previousD．futureC　[根据第一段中的“lastsummer”和该句中的过去完成时可推知，此处表示在之前的那些年。previous“以前的”。]9．A.preventedB．restrictedC．advisedD．preparedD　[由下文6岁的孩子们很闹腾可知，此处表示什么都不能使作者做好准备来不停歇地帮助6岁的孩子们。preparesb.forsth.意为“使某人为某事做好准备”。]10．A.toB．inC．forD．ofA　[根据语境可知，此处应用固定搭配from...to...“从……到……”，故答案选A。]11．A.spiritB．viewC．stateD．shapeC　[结合本句前半部分可推知，夏令营的孩子们为各种小事争吵，因此我们一直处于吵闹的状态(state)。]12．A.wonderB．understandC．thinkD．considerB　[根据上文孩子们如此吵闹可知，作者通过在夏令营帮忙管理孩子们而能够明白父母们每天早上把淘气的孩子送走后似乎总是舒了一口气的原因。]13．A.bringaboutB．resultfromC．findoutD．letoutD　[参见上题解析。bringabout“导致，引起”；resultfrom“(因……)发生”；findout“查明，弄清”；letout“发出”。]\n14．A.defeatedB．benefitedC．regrettedD．interestedB　[根据上文作者做志愿者工作并结合语境可推知，作者在这个暑假做了一些让他人受益的事情，同时与过去被虚度的暑假相比自己从这个暑假中获得了更多的满足。这与下文陈述的作者从这次夏令营志愿者活动中受益颇多形成呼应。]15．A.opportunityB．relationshipC．differenceD．satisfactionD　[参见上题解析。]16．A.smallB．valuableC．boringD．majorA　[与句中的“Iwasabletogetbacksomuchmore”形成对比可推知，作者虽然在这次暑假中付出的时间并不多，但却收获满满。]17．A.shortB．worthC．necessaryD．uniqueB　[根据该句中的“andhowtotakeresponsibilityformyself”可推知，此处表示积极的意义，由此可知，作者明白了事实上自己的时间是多么有价值。]18．A.directlyB．merelyC．especiallyD．thoroughlyC　[与句中的“formyself”形成呼应可推知，此处表示作者从此次夏令营志愿者活动中学会了对自己尤其是对他人负责。merely“仅仅”；thoroughly“彻底”。]19．A.varyB．improveC．increaseD．developA　[根据该句中的“howdifferenteachindividualis”可推知，作者由此也明白了人们的需求是不同的。vary“不同”。]20．A.createB．struggleC．appearD．surviveD　[当作者意识到自己能在现实生活中挺过来时，作者也由此更加自信。]课时提能练(十二)必修2　Unit6　Design(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·安徽省示范高中名校学年联考)It'seasytothinkofyourgrandparents'retirementyearsasbeingallaboutthem.Afterall，they'velikelyspentthelastseveraldecadesdevotingtheirtimeandenergytoothers—their\nboss，coworkers，clients，orkids.Now，theythink，it'stimetofinallyfocusonthemselves，andthat'struetoanextent.Buttheirpostworklifestillneedsstructureandpurposes.Withoutthesetwokeypillars(支柱)，lifecangetboringandlonelyveryquickly.Oneverygoodwaytofilltheblankistogivetimeandenergytoothersthroughvolunteering.Sure，theywon'twalkawaywithapaycheck，butthesimpleactofvolunteeringtheirtimetoacausecomeswithnumerousotherveryimportantbenefits.ForretireesRossandCarolChenot，volunteeringhasmadetheirgoldenyearsincrediblyfulfilling.RossvolunteerswithGleanSLO，anorganizationaffiliated(隶属于)withthelocalfoodbank.“Becauseweliveinarichagriculturalarea，GleanSLO，volunteersgointothefieldsororchardstopicktheleftoverproduceanddonatetothefoodbank，”Rossexplains.“Literallytonsandtonsoffoodgetdonatedthatway.”Carolputtogetheraseriesofneighborhood“learningsessions”—calledNeighborlyU—throughwhichpeoplecanlearnanewskillordevelopanewhobby.Thesessionsrangeintopics，includingcomputers，crafts，cooking，volunteerism，travel，entertainment，andselfimprovement.Sofar，Carolsaysshe'sconducted75classesandhashadmorethan650peopleregister.“Itreinforcesavalueofgenerositythatwewanttopassdown，”shesays.【语篇解读】　老年人退休后，生活很快就会变得无聊和孤独，志愿者工作是填补这一空白的一个非常好的方法。而且，志愿者工作给退休人员带来了许多其他非常重要的好处。1．WhatdoesyourpostworklifeneedaccordingtoParagraph1?A．Yourselfandyourkids.B．Structureandpurposes.C．Timeandenergy.D．Yourbossandcoworkers.B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Buttheirpostworklifestillneedsstructureandpurposes.Withoutthesetwokeypillars(支柱)，lifecangetboringandlonelyveryquickly”可知，退休后的生活需要精心组织和目标，故选B。]2．Howdotheretiredfilltheirfreetime?A．Tovolunteer.　　B．Toattendtokids.C．Tohaveawalk.　　D．Toworkhard.A　[细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“Oneverygoodwaytofilltheblankistogivetimeandenergytoothersthroughvolunteering”可知，退休人员可通过志愿者工作来打发空闲时间，故选A。]\n3．WhydoesthepassagementionRossandCarol?A．Becausetheyarebothgenerous.B．Becausetheireffortshavepaidoff.C．Becausetheyhavesparetimeandenergytodevelopnewskills.D．Becausevolunteeringhasmadetheirretirementyearssatisfying.D　[推理判断题。根据第三段的第一句“ForretireesRossandCarolChenot，volunteeringhasmadetheirgoldenyearsincrediblyfulfilling”和第三段中对Ross所做的志愿者工作的描述及最后一段对Carol所做的志愿者工作的描述可推知，志愿者工作使Ross和Carol对她们退休后的生活感到满意，故选D。]4．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A．Thejoyofvolunteeringinretirementyears.B．Lifecangetboringandlonelyveryquickly.C．Wheretospendthegoldenretirementyears.D．Avalueofgenerositypasseddowntothenextgenerations.A　[主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，老年人退休后，生活很快就会变得无聊和孤独；志愿者工作不但可以给他人带来帮助，而且能使退休后的生活变得充实有意义，故选A。]B(2020·武汉市高中毕业生学习质量检测)Teenagelifeisquitedramaticbutthatdoesn'tmeanyoucannotenjoyyourlifeintheseyears.Evenwithyourdailytroubles，yourlifeisnotveryhardifyouknowhowtodealwiththem.Iknowexactlyhowyoufeel.Teenagelifecanbehard.Youarenotakidanymore，becauseyouaresmartenoughtoobserveandanalyzeyoursurroundings.However，youarestillnotanadultbecausetherearestilllotsofexperiencesthatyouneedtohaveandlessonsthatyouneedtolearnfromtheseexperiences.Totopitall，thehormonal(荷尔蒙的)imbalanceinyourbodycanreallymessyouup.Ihavebeenthere.Iwasinitforsixyearsexploringwhatlifeisabout!Asateenager，Ihadamajorproblemcompletingmychoresontime.Andatthattime，allthatIneededtodowastofinishmyassignments，studyfortheupcomingtestsandcleanmyroom.Now，Ihavemuchmorethingstodo:cooking，cleaningandworkingwhilestrikingabalancebetweenallmyrelationshipsrelatedtowork，familyandfriends.Thatreallyisalotofwork.So，Iwilljustgiveyouonegoldentip，quotingfromBenjaminFranklin，“Neverleavethattilltomorrowwhichyoucandotoday.”LifebecomesmucheasiernowbecauseIfinishallmyworkontimeandIhaveenough\ntimetoletmyhairdown.Halftheproblemsofateenagerappearbecausewehatedoingthings.We'drathergoandhavefunthansitdownandtakeonourresponsibilities.Thatiswhyyouhavesomuchtroubleinyourlife；yourparentswon'tletyougooutwithfriendsbecauseyouhaven'tcleanedyourroomoryourteacherisalwayscriticizingyoubecauseyouhaven'tfinishedyourassignments.【语篇解读】　作者通过自己的经历告诉我们：如果你懂得如何处理日常烦恼，你的青少年生活就没有那么难了。5．WhatdoesthewritermainlywanttotellusinParagraph1?A．Teenagelifeistough.B．Teenagerscan'tenjoylife.C．Teenagelifeischangeable.D．Teenagersshouldlearnmore.D　[推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“Evenwithyourdailytroubles，yourlifeisnotveryhardifyouknowhowtodealwiththem”可知，即使你有日常烦恼，如果你知道如何处理它们，你的生活也不会很难。由此可推知，第一段中作者传递的信息是青少年应该学习处理自己的日常烦恼。故选D。]6．Whatplaysakeyroleinmakingteenagelifehardaccordingtothewriter?A．Theadolescentchanges.B．Thelackoflifeexperience.C．Thefailureofconcentration.D．Theunfamiliarsurroundings.A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Totopitall，thehormonal(荷尔蒙的)imbalanceinyourbodycanreallymessyouup”可知，在所有的影响因素里面，最糟糕的是，身体里的荷尔蒙的不平衡会使青少年心情变差。由此可知，青春期的变化是让青少年的生活变得困难的关键因素。故选A。]7．Howdidthewriterfeelaboutherteenagelife?A．Itwasdifficult.　　B．Itwassimple.C．Itwasenjoyable.　　　D．Itwasboring.A　[推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Asateenager，Ihadamajorproblemcompletingmychoresontime”以及第四段第一句中的“Lifebecomesmucheasiernow”可推知，作者的青少年生活也是困难的。故选A。]8．Whatdoesthewriteradviseteenagerstodo?A．Abandontheirfriends.B．Goandhavefun.\nC．Completetheirhomework.D．Shouldertheburden.D　[细节理解题。根据全文内容，尤其是第四段第三、四句“We'drathergoandhavefunthansitdownandtakeonourresponsibilities...youhaven'tfinishedyourassignments”可知，作者认为我们宁愿去尽情地玩，而不愿坐下来承担我们的责任，这就是生活中有这么多的烦恼的原因。由此可推知，作者建议青少年承担自己的责任，这样生活就没有那么难了。故选D。]Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2020·成都市高中毕业班第一次诊断性检测)Agratefulheartisasatisfiedheart.Asatisfiedheartisasimpleheartwhichleadstoasimplifiedlife.Gratitudeopensthedoortosimplicity.Butweliveinaculturethatproducesdissatisfaction.__1__Intentionallychooseit.Gratitudewillneverbearesultofyournextsuccessoraccomplishment.__2__Andyouwillneverfinditinlifeuntilyouintentionallydecidetochooseit.Countyourblessings.Anewday，awarmbed，auniquepersonality，oraspecialtalent...__3__Gratitudequicklysetsinwhenwebegintospendaquietmomenteachdayrememberingthem.Thispracticealonehasthepotentialtochangeyourheartandlifeimmeasurably.__4__Almosthalftheworldliveonlessthan$2.50aday.1.1billionpeoplehaveinadequateaccesstocleanwater.Letthosefactssinkinforjustamomentandslowlyallowgratitudetobecomepartofthesolutiontotaketheirplace.Findgratitudeindifficulty.__5__Butitcanbemoredifficultduringthetrialsoflife：thedeath，disease，orfailure.Thetruthisthatnooneisexempt(获豁免的)fromthesufferings.However，goodcanbefoundevenintheworstoftimes.Beinggratefulduringthosedifficultiesmaygetyouthroughthem.Indailylifewemustseeitisnothappinessthatmakesusgrateful，butgratefulnessthatmakesushappy.A．Ignorewhatyoudon'thave.B．Wecanlearnhowtobegrateful.C．Openyoureyestothosewithless.D．Gratitudeisavailableinyourheartrightnow.E．Youhavewonderfulthingsinyourlifealready.F．It'seasytobegratefulwhenthingsaregoingwell.\nG．Howcanwefindgratitudeinaworldthatseekstodestroyit?【语篇解读】　感恩之心即满足之心，满足之心即简单之心；感恩打开了通往简单生活的大门，但是我们生活在产生不满的文化中。本文主要介绍了四个找回感恩之心的方法。1．G　[根据空前一句并结合下文介绍的四个找回感恩之心的方法可知，空处承上启下，故G项符合语境。]2．D　[根据空前一句可知，感恩从不是你下次的成功或成就的结果，感恩是现在在你内心可找到的，所以选D项。]3．E　[空前列举的都是美好的事，E项中的“wonderfulthingsinyourlife”与此呼应，故选E项。]4．C　[根据空处所在位置可知，空处为该段的主题句，本段主要讲述的是世界上有很多悲苦大众，我们应该看到他们，所以选C项。]5．F　[根据空后一句中的“Butitcanbemoredifficultduringthetrialsoflife”可知，空处与空后一句形成对比，应是说明万事顺利时感恩是很容易做到的，所以选F项。]Ⅲ.语法填空(2020·郑州市高中毕业年级第一次质量检测)Ifyou'veeverriddenpublictransport，you'veprobablyheardsnores(打鼾声)andfoundsomeonesleepingintheseatacrossfromyou.Thenaturalvibration(震动)ofbusesandsubways1.________(make)usfeelsleepy，accordingtoanewstudyinScienceAlert.Why?It'sallaboutsensoryinput—informationgoingtoyourbrain.Onabus，yoursensesgiveyou2.________(continue)andrepeatinginformation.Forexample，theairconditionerandtheenginecreateconstantnoise.Meanwhile，you'resittingstillandyour3.________(surrounding)don'tchange.Thevibrationsoftheenginearealsoongoing.Yourbrainhasalmostnonewinformationtoprocess.Repeatinginformationwillbe4.________(ignore)eventuallyandyourbrainwillenteralowenergystate.Thefactthatyoufallasleepquicklywithyoureyes5.________(close)onabusisbecauseyourbraingetsusedtoalltherepeatinginformation.“Whenyou'retired，itdoesn'ttakemuchtime6.________(start)noddingoff.Andwe'vefoundthatthegentlevibrationsmadebycarseats7.________youdrivecanrelaxyourbrainandbody，”saidStephenRobinson，8.________researcherfromtheRMITUniversityinMelbourne，Australia.Robinson'steammonitored15volunteers'heartratevariability—awellknownindicatorofsleepiness.Thisresearchcanassistinthedevelopmentofpracticaland\nrelevantguidelinesforlimiting9.________(expose)tovibrationsinthecarindustry.Robinsonbelievedthattheresearchcouldbehelpful10.________improvingroadsafety.“Wehopethatfuturecarseatdesignscanbuildinfeaturestodisturbthisrelaxingeffectandfightvibrationinduced(震动引起的)sleepiness，”hesaid.【语篇解读】　我们乘坐公共交通工具时，经常会看到有人打瞌睡。一项新的研究发现造成此现象的原因是交通工具的正常震动。1．makes　[考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语，此处陈述的为客观情况，应用一般现在时；又句子主语表示单数概念，故用其一般现在时的单数形式makes。]2．continuous/continuing/continued/continual　[考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为形容词，修饰名词information，所以填continuous或continuing或continued或continual。]3．surroundings　[考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处被形容词性物主代词your修饰，应用名词形式，所以填surroundings“环境”。]4．ignored　[考查动词的语态。分析句子结构可知，此处与句子主语Repeatinginformation构成被动关系，故应用被动结构，即be＋done；另句中已有be，所以填ignored。]5．closed　[考查非谓语动词。with复合结构为“with＋名词/代词＋分词/形容词/副词/介词短语/名词”在句子中作状语。youreyes和动词close构成逻辑上的动宾关系，所以填closed。]6．tostart　[考查非谓语动词。此处考查固定句型“ittakessometimetodosth.”，其中it作形式主语，不定式短语为真正的主语。]7．when/as/while　[考查状语从句。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，空处引导一个状语从句，意为“当……的时候”，所以填when或as或while。]8．a　[考查冠词。researcher是可数名词，又是第一次在语境中出现，表泛指，故用不定冠词修饰，又researcher的发音以辅音音素开头，故用a。]9．exposure　[考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为名词，作动词limit的宾语，所以填exposure。]10．in　[考查介词。behelpfulindoingsth.“有助于做某事”是固定用法，所以填介词in。]Ⅳ.短文改错(2020·贵阳市适应性考试)DearSir/Madam，Iwholeheartedlywanttobeavolunteerofyours.Hereissomethingaboutyou.I\namastudentwhowillgraduateseniorhighschool.Ialwaysregardmyclassasmyfamilyorsacrificemypersonallyinterestswhenevernecessary.Besidestakeanactivepartinclassactivities，Iworkresponsiblytobuildareputationfortheteam.IrespectedallthepeoplearoundmeandI'malwayswillingtogiveahandtothoseinneed.I'mstrictinmyself，makingeveryefforttoachieveanallrounddevelopment.Atthetimeofdifficult，Ialwayskeepstrongminded.Inaddition，IamgoodatEnglishinbothspeakingandinwriting.IwasinanAmericanhostfamilyfor20daysinthesummercampandknowhowtogetalongwellwithforeigners.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Sincerelyyours，LiHua[答案]　DearSir/Madam，Iwholeheartedlywanttobeavolunteerofyours.Hereissomethingabout.Iamastudentwhowillgraduateseniorhighschool.Ialwaysregardmyclassasmyfamilysacrificemyinterestswhenevernecessary.Besidesanactivepartinclassactivities，Iworkresponsiblytobuildareputationfortheteam.IallthepeoplearoundmeandI'malwayswillingtogiveahandtothoseinneed.I'mstrictmyself，makingeveryefforttoachieveanallrounddevelopment.Atthetimeof，Ialwayskeepstrongminded.Inaddition，IamgoodatEnglishinbothspeakingandwriting.IwasinanAmericanhostfamilyfor20daysinsummercampandknowhowtogetalongwellwithforeigners.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Sincerelyyours，LiHuaⅤ.书面表达(2020·滕州模拟)假定你是李华，作为一名交换生(anexchange\nstudent)刚结束在英国为期一个月的学习。学习期间，你和房东Mr.Wilson结下了深厚的友谊。请按下列要点给Mr.Wilson发一封邮件表示感谢：1．生活上的照顾；2．学习上的帮助；3．希望保持联系。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．开头语结束语已为你写好。Mr.Wilson,Timeflies!I'vebeenbackhome._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Bestwishes.Yours，LiHua[参考范文]　Mr._Wilson，Time_flies!_I've_been_back_home.HowImissthedayswespenttogether!AllIsawandexperiencedwillbepartofmymemory.ItwasyourhelpandkindnessthatmademystudyandlifeintheUKspecialandenjoyable.Thankstoyourhelp,Igotusedtothelifetheresoon.Istillmissthedeliciousmealsyoupreparedforme.Besides,Ireallyappreciateyourpatiencewhiletalkingwithme.ItwasawonderfultimeformetoimprovemyspokenEnglish.AndIalsolearnedalotaboutyourcountryandtheEnglishculture.Ihopewecanstayintouchwitheachother.IamlookingforwardtoyourcomingtoChinainthenearfuture.Best_wishes.Yours，Li_Hua