2023版高考英语一轮复习3降的生活方式积极的生活态度2课时提能练含解析202303172135

课时提能练(三)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2019·绵阳市第一次诊断)Wearewhatweeat.Thatisanoldexpression，butoneworthknowing.Arecentlookatdietsaroundtheworldshowsthatpeoplewhoeathealthyfood—andnottoomuchofit—livelonger.Butwhichareasoftheworldhavethebestdiets?Researchersfoundthatfoodsinsomeofthehealthiestdiets—Mediterraneandiet，NewNordicdiet，JapanesedietandFrenchdiet—maybeverydifferent，buttheyareallheavyonlocalandseasonalfoods，whichincludemorevegetablesandseafoodandlessredmeat.Mediterraneandietcontainslotsoffruits，vegetables，wholegrains，nutsandoliveoil.Thediethasproperamountsoffishandpoultry(家禽肉)．Redmeatandfoodshighinsugarandsaltarenotbigpartsofthisdiet.NewNordicdiethaswholegrainslikeoatsandrye，vegetablessuchascarrots，broccoliandeggs，seafood，fruits，oil，lowfatmilkandcheese.Sugarydessertsarenotcommoninthisdiet.Japanesepeoplearesomeofthelongestlivingpeopleontheplanet，withwomenupto87yearsoldandmenupto80.TheJapanesedietisthereasonforsuchlengthsoflife.Thediethasmanyfoodsthatarelowincaloriesandhighinnutrients.Japanesepeopleeatalotofseaweed，tofu，rice，vegetablesandfish.Thetraditionthereistostopeatingwhenyourstomachfeels80percentfull.However，Frenchpeopleeatfattyfoodsbutdonotgetfat.Andtheylivealongtime.Thisphenomenoniscalledthe“FrenchParadox”．ThereasonwhytheFrencheatfattyfoodswithoutgettingfatmaybesimple.Theyeatless.ServingsizesinFrenchrestaurantsandofproductssoldinstoresaresmallerthanthoseinmostcountries.Andgenerallyspeaking，mostFrenchpeopledonotsnack.Thismeanstheydonoteatfoodbetweenmeals.【语篇解读】　本文介绍了世界上四种最健康的饮食。1．Whatdoweknowaboutthehealthiestdietsaroundtheworld?A．Theycontainabundantcalories.B．Theytendtobeexpensive.C．Theysharecertainsimilarities.D．Theyreflectpopulartastes.C　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“maybeverydifferent，buttheyareallheavy\nonlocalandseasonalfoods，whichincludemorevegetablesandseafoodandlessredmeat”可知，尽管有不同之处，但世界上最健康的饮食都使用很多当地的和时令的食物，包括更多的蔬菜和海鲜，更少的红肉。由此可知，世界上最健康的饮食有一定的相似之处，故选C项。]2．WhatisconsideredasaharmfuleatinghabitinJapanesetradition?A．Goinglowincalories.B．Eatingtothefullest.C．Havingmuchseafood.D．Pickingmanyfoods.B　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Thetraditionthereistostopeatingwhenyourstomachfeels80percentfull.”可知，日本的传统是吃八成饱。由此可推知，吃得很饱在日本被认为是不良的饮食习惯，故选B项。]3．Howdoestheauthordevelopthecentralideainthelast4paragraphs?A．Bybuildingconnections.B．Byexploringreasons.C．Bylistingexamples.D．Byanalyzingfigures.C　[写作手法题。通读后四段可知，作者列举了这些健康饮食中的食物，故本文后四段是通过举例子的方式来说明中心观点的。]4．Whichcanbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．Whatisthehealthiestdietonearth?B．Howdoestheoldexpressionserve?C．Whyisahealthydietsoimportant?D．Wherecanwefeedourselveswell?A　[标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了世界上四种最健康的饮食。故A项作为文章标题最合适。]B(广东省2020届高三联考)Foodexpertssaywashingcouldspreadthegermsonyourturkeytothekitchensinkornearbyfood.Butit'sbeenachallengetryingtoconvincecookstostoprinsing(冲洗)rawpoultry.Germsthatcanmakepeoplesickarecommoninthegutsofhealthypoultryandarelegallyallowedtobeonrawturkeyandchicken.Theassumptionisthatnobodyeatsrawmeatofpoultry,andthatthoroughcookingwillkillthebacteria.“ThedonotwashrawpoultryadvicefromtheUnitedStatesDepartmentof\nAgriculture(USDA)isrelativelynewandperhapshasn'tcaughtonbecauseitgoesagainstthecommonbeliefthatwashingmakesthingsclean，”saidChapman.BenjaminChapman，astudyauthorandfoodsafetyexpertatNorthCarolinaStateUniversity,saidtheinstincttowashrawpoultrygoesbackatleastdecadeswhenpeoplereliedmoreonvisualcluestospotproblemswithpoultry.Meanwhile,washinghandsandsurfacesarealsoimportant.Butfoodpreparationisacomplicatedact,andgermsfrompoultrycanbespreadevenifit'snotwashed,especiallywhenbirdsareremovedfrompackaging.TheUSDAfundedstudystressesthatpoint.ResearcherssprayedrawchickenwithaharmlessstrainofE．coli(大肠杆菌)andwatchedvolunteercooksintestkitchens.Amongthosewhowashedtheirrawchicken,aboutaquarterendedupspreadingthebacteriatotheirlettuce.Butevensomeofthosewhodidnotrinsethechickengotgermsonthelettuce.Andthereareotheropportunitiesforgermstosurviveonturkey:meltingandcooking.Toinsureabirdisthoroughlycooked,theysaytouseathermometertocheckandmakesurethatthedeepestandthickestpartsofithavereached165degrees.Evenafterthemeatiscooked,youaren'toutofthedangerzone.Tokeepturkeyandotherleftoverssafe,expertssaytheyshouldberefrigeratedaftertwohours.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，食物专家提示，禽肉中的细菌极易扩散到厨房其他地方或食物上，因此，在准备食材和烹饪时要十分注意，必须将禽肉彻底加热到一定的温度至完全熟透，并且应将未吃完的部分及时冷藏。5．Whydon'tpeopletakeUSDA'sadvice?A．Theadviceisrelativelynew.B．Cleaningseemsmoretrustworthy.C．Cookscleantheturkeybeforecookingit.D．Heatcankillmostgermsandnooneeatsrawmeat.B　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“ThedonotwashrawpoultryadvicefromtheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture(USDA)isrelativelynewandperhapshasn'tcaughtonbecauseitgoesagainstthecommonbeliefthatwashingmakesthingsclean”可知，人们普遍坚信冲洗能让东西变得干净，由此推断这种方法在人们心目中似乎更可靠，因此人们不接受美国农业部不洗生禽肉的建议，故选B项。]6．WhatcanbeconcludedfromParagraph4?A．Foodpackagescarrygerms.B．HandsandsurfacesareeasytogetE．coli.\nC．Multiplemethodsshouldbeappliedtofoodtogetridofgerms.D．Germsfromtherawchickencanbespreadwhetheritiswashedornot.D　[细节理解题。在第四段中，作者主要介绍了一个实验，该实验对比了冲洗与不冲洗生鸡肉时细菌的传播情况。根据该段中的“Amongthosewhowashedtheirrawchicken，aboutaquarterendedupspreadingthebacteriatotheirlettuce.Butevensomeofthosewhodidnotrinsethechickengotgermsonthelettuce.”可知，该实验的结论为，不管洗与不洗，鸡肉上的细菌都能被传播，故选D项。]7．Whichwaymayhelptocooktheturkeysafely?A．Rinsingtheturkeybeforeitisheated.B．Keepingtheturkeyawayfromlettuceandrefrigerator.C．Washinghandsandpackagesbeforetakingouttheturkey.D．Usingathermometertocheckthetemperatureoftheturkey.D　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Toinsureabirdisthoroughlycooked，theysaytouseathermometertocheckandmakesurethatthedeepestandthickestpartsofithavereached165degrees.”可知，用温度计测量肉最深和最厚的地方有没有达到165度有助于人们安全食用火鸡肉，故选D项。]8．Fromwhichsectionofamagazineisthetextprobablytaken?A．Culture.　　　　　　B．Science.C．Education.D．Medicine.B　[推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要通过介绍一项研究，表明禽肉上的细菌极易扩散至厨房的其他部位，甚至是附近的食物上。由此可推断，文章选自杂志的科学专栏，故选B项。]C(天津市和平区2020高三年级阶段性评估)Eachcountryhasitsownsecrettohappiness.If“pyt”，whichcloselymeans“don'tworryaboutitandstuffhappens”，explainsarelaxedattitudeofDanishpeople，“niksen”willrevealhowDutchpeoplecombatstressandburnout(精疲力竭)inafastpacedlifestyle.Theterm“niksen”originatesfromtheDutchword“niks”，whichrefersto“nothing”．Mindfulness,anotherwelcomesubjecttohelppeoplehaveapeacefulmind.Butunlikemindfulness，niksenisnotaboutconcentratingonthepresentmoment.It'saboutlettingyourselfdonothing，andallowingyourmindtorunfreewithoutexpectations.Inpractice，thismeans“hangingaround,lookingatyoursurroundings,orlisteningtomusicaslongasit'swithoutpurpose”，accordingtoTimemagazine.\nNiksensoundscontrarytotheadvicewewereallgivenaskids.Nowadays,we'reconstantlytoldtostaybusyandworkharderthaneveryoneelse.Butniksenopposesthatmentality(心态).Itoffersthechanceto“deliciouslydonothing”，asCarolienHamming,acoachatCSRCentrum，anorganizationdevotedtofightingstressandburnoutintheNetherlands，toldTime.Shethinksthatniksenisessentialtostayinghealthy,sinceit'saformofmentalrelaxationandhealing.Justasawildanimalliesinwaitfortheirprey,niksenseemstobeanaturalstateofbeing.Forsomepeople,niksencanmeanmorethanjuststressreduction.It'salsoameanstoimaginenewideasorplans.Asanearlyadopter(采用者)ofniksen,JennyHolden,acommunicationsexpertintheU．K.,addsittoherdailylunchbreaks.“Within10minutesofdoingnothing—juststaringandlisteningtomyself—myheadbegantoclearandsortoutmyworkandhometodolists，”shetoldMetro,anewspaperintheU．K.Aboveall,niksenisasuggestionforbalancingworkandrest.AsDutchbornwriterOlgaMeckingwroteinU．S.basedWoollymagazine，niksenisthe“thoroughenjoymentoflife'spauses”．Everyoneisencouragedtoembraceyourniksenmoments.Theyrevitalize(使恢复元气)youandgiveyouthestrengthneededtofaceeverydaychallenges.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述的是，“niksen”这个词代表了荷兰的一种新的处理压力和放松的方式。在快节奏生活中，“niksen”是一种保持健康的重要办法，它可以使精神放松，治愈烦躁心理。它还可以使某些人获得更好的想象力和创新性。9．Whatdoesniksenmean?A．Livinginthemoment.B．Leadingahealthylifestyle.C．Beingfreeanddoingnothing.D．Usingyourwildestimagination.C　[细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“It'saboutlettingyourselfdonothing，andallowingyourmindtorunfreewithoutexpectations.”可知，“niksen”的意思是你什么都不做，让你的思想在什么也不期望的情况下自由地活动。]10．Holden'sexampleistoshow________.A．howniksenimprovesone'smentalhealthB．nikseniscloselyrelatedtostressreductionC．niksencanshortenthedistancebetweenpeople\nD．niksenhelpspeoplecomeupwithnewthoughtsD　[推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“Forsomepeople，niksencanmeanmorethanjuststressreduction.It'salsoameanstoimaginenewideasorplans.”可知，对于一些人来说，niksen不仅仅使他们放松，还可以使他们想到创新性思想和计划。接下来，文章就举了珍妮·霍尔登的例子。由此可知，霍尔登的例子是为了说明niksen能帮助人们想出新主意。]11．Theunderlinedword“thorough”isclosestinmeaningto________.A．long　B．full　C．unexpected　D．quietB　[词义猜测题。根据倒数第三段中的“Within10minutesofdoingnothing”和上文中对于niksen的描述可知，niksen就是指让人们的精神达到一种自由放松的状态，完全放松自己，什么也不做；故此处thorough应表示“彻底的，完全的”，与full意义相近。]12．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．TheintroductiontoaspecialDutchlifestyle.B．Suggestionsonhowtobalanceworkandrest.C．Theimportanceofallowingtimetopauselife.D．AnexplanationofsomeDanishwordsaboutlifeattitudes.A　[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文通过荷兰人常用的一个词语“niksen”来描写荷兰的一种独特而放松的生活方式。该生活方式不仅可以使人放松，而且对于某些人来说，还可以激发他们的想象力和创新能力。]13．Fromthepassage,wecanknowthat________.A．peoplecanrestrengthenthemselvestofacechallengesbyniksenB．awildanimalusuallyliesinwaitfortheirpreyjustasniksenadvisesC．DanishpeoplearestressfulandtiredbecauseoftheirspeciallifestyleD．CarolienHammingthinksniksenisthemostimportantwaytokeepfitA　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Theyrevitalizeyouandgiveyouthestrengthneededtofaceeverydaychallenges.”可知，文章最后鼓励每个人都去拥抱niksen时刻。这可以让人们恢复活力，给人们面对日常挑战足够的力量。]Ⅱ.阅读七选五(山东新高考命题研究专家原创卷)Whetheryou'rehopingtoloseweight,buildmuscle,orjusthavemoreenergytopoweryouthroughyourday,ahighprotein(蛋白质)dietcanhelp.1Here'showtomakeitworkinyourbody.Highproteincanmeandifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Therecommendeddailyallowanceis0.8gramsofproteinperkilogramofbodyweight.Fora150poundperson,\nthat'sabout55gramsaday.Butmanyexpertssaythatnumbermaybetoolow,especiallyifyouaretryingtoloseweight.2Youmayoftentendtohavemoreproteinattheendoftheday.3Aimtoget15to20gramsatsmallmealseverythreetofourhours.Youmaywanttohavemoreproteinatlargermealsandlessproteinatsmallerones.Thiswillhelpkeepyoufeelingfullandallowyourbodytousetheproteinmoreefficiently.4That'sespeciallyimportantwhenyouareoldersincewetendtodevelopanagerelatedmusclelossstartinginaboutour30s.Ofcourse,includingregularstrengthtrainingwillalsohelpkeepyourmusclesstrong.Youcangotoagymorexerciseathometostartbuildingmuscle.Whetheryouliketorun,swim,bike,liftweights,orjustwalk,youneedadequateproteininyourdiet.Fromproteinyoucangetwhatmakesupyourmuscles.Whenyouexercisethemusclegetsbrokendownandmustbereplaced.5Ideallyyoucanhavesomeproteinonehourafteraworkoutsincethatiswhenyourbodystartstoputtogetherthenewmuscletissue.A．Soeatsomeproteinafterexercise.B．Ahighproteindietissoimportant.C．Proteinplaysawidenumberofrolesinthebody.D．However，you'llfinditeasiertoeatproteinthroughoutyourday.E．Ifyouarephysicallyactive,thatnumbershouldbesignificantlyhigher.F．Whenyoukeepproteinintakehigher,ithelpswithanylossofmuscletissue.G．Sincemuscleburnsmorecaloriesthanfat,enoughproteincankeepyouenergetic.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了摄入足够的蛋白质对人体的重要性以及如何科学地摄入足量的蛋白质。1．C　[考查细节支撑句。上文提到高蛋白饮食在减肥、增肌、获取更多的能量方面对人有帮助，C选项“蛋白质在人体中起到许多不同的作用”承接上文，符合语境。]2．E　[考查细节支撑句。本段主要讲的是不同人摄入的蛋白质的量应该不同，根据空前一句“Butmanyexpertssaythatnumbermaybetoolow，especiallyifyouaretryingtoloseweight.”可知，许多专家说这样的每日摄入量太低，尤其是在你要减肥的情况下，而E选项论述运动量很大的情况下，每日摄入量(thatnumber)应该更高。E项继续讨论摄入量高低的问题，与空前一句都有关键词“thatnumber”，与上文联系紧密，故选E。]3．D　[考查逻辑关系句。本段主要讲蛋白质的摄入时间，根据上文提到“你或许往往会在一天结束时摄入更多的蛋白质”，下文提到“每三到四小时分小量每次摄入15—20克\n”，可知此处讨论蛋白质的摄入应该是少量多次，D选项“However，you'llfinditeasiertoeatproteinthroughoutyourday”提出蛋白质摄入要分摊到一整天，与上文形成转折，且D选项中的“throughoutyourday”与下文中的“everythreetofourhours”相呼应。]4．F　[考查段落主旨句。根据空后的“That'sespeciallyimportantwhenyouareoldersincewetendtodevelopanagerelatedmusclelossstartinginaboutour30s.”可知，本段讨论的是蛋白质与增肌，F选项符合此段主旨，F选项中的“lossofmuscletissue”与下文中的“muscleloss”相呼应。]5．A　[考查逻辑关系句。上文谈到从蛋白质中你能获取形成肌肉的物质，当你锻炼时，肌肉会分解，所以肌肉需要更新；结合空后的“Ideallyyoucanhavesomeproteinonehourafteraworkout”可知，所以，锻炼后你需要补充蛋白质。A项符合语境。]