2023高考英语二轮复习增分强化练六阅读理解+阅读七选五+语法填空含解析202303171203

增分强化练(六)　阅读理解×2＋阅读七选五＋语法填空(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解ATheyear2019wasayearofteenpower.Youngpeoplespokeupaboutbigproblemsandadultsbegantolisten.GretaThunberg,theseventeenyearoldSwedishschoolgirl,wasperhapsthemostpowerfulexamplelastyearofthisteenpower.AttheU．N.ClimateActionSummitinSeptember2019,shetoldworldleaders,“Youarefailingusyoungpeople”bynottakingenoughactionagainstclimatechange.Gretagainedworldwideattentionforherimpassioned(激昂的)speechandwasnamedTimemagazine's2019PersonoftheYear.IntheUnitedStates,teengroupshaveformedorganizationstopressurepoliticiansintochanginggunlawstostopschoolshootings.“Theadultsknowthatwe'recleaninguptheirmess，”saysCameronKasky,an11thgraderwhostartedtheNeverAgainmovementaftersurvivingthedeadliesthighschoolshootinginAmericanhistoryin2018.“It'slikethey'resaying,‘I'msorryImadethismess’，whilecontinuing_to_spill_soda_on_the_floor，”addsanothersurvivorEmmaGonzalez.Theseproblemsarenotnewandpoliticianshavebeendealingwiththemforyears.However,aswiththemostbigproblems,therearenoeasysolutions,andeachsolutionmaycreatemoreproblems.Fightingclimatechangebyreducingfossilfuels(化石燃料)—nomorecars,airplanesorbigindustries—canhaveanegativeeffectonpeople'slivesandevenincreasepoverty.Andprisonswouldfillupquicklyifwelockedupeverypersonwhowasconsideredtobeapotentialcriminal.Teenpowerisagoodthing.However,itwilltakemorethanyouthfulpassiontosolvetheworld'sproblems.Ifyouarealsoambitioustomaketheworldabetterplace,itisimportantthatyouspeakupwhennecessary.Butjustasimportantistheneedtogrowinourlearning—tostudyandtoalwaysremainhumble.Apartfromenthusiasmforbringingaboutchange,youstillneedthematurity,wisdom,knowledgeandskillstomakegooddecisions.[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了青少年参与政治活动，督促政府改进社会弊端，这是好的一面。但是，青少年不仅需要热情，更需要加强文化学习，提升自己的知识技能，才能更好地帮助解决世界上的各种问题。1．WhydoestheauthormentionGretaThunberginParagraph1?A．Toshowthesuccessofteenpower.\nB．Toinformreadersof2019PersonoftheYear.C．TointroducetheU．N.ClimateActionSummit.D．Toencouragereaderstospeakupaboutbigproblems.解析：推理判断题。第一段第一句提到“Theyear2019wasayearofteenpower.(2019年是见证青少年力量的一年)”，接着作者提到GretaThunberg在2019年的联合国气候行动峰会上的演讲，为她赢得了《时代》杂志的2019年年度人物。通过这个例子，证明了作者的观点“Theyear2019wasayearofteenpower.”，展示了青少年力量的成功。由此可知，作者在第一段提到GretaThunberg是为了展示青少年力量的成功，故选A项。答案：A2．WhatdoestheunderlinedphraseinParagraph2mean?A．Theadultslikesodaverymuch.B．Theadultsfailtocleanuptheirmess.C．Thepoliticianshaven'tstoppedmakingamess.D．Thepoliticianshavebeenworkingontheshooting.解析：句意猜测题。根据上文“Theadultsknowthatwe'recleaninguptheirmess”可知，成年人在不断犯错，把一切都搞得一团糟，要靠青少年来帮着解决问题；再由画线部分所在句“I'msorryImadethismess’，whilecontinuingtospillsodaonthefloor”可推知，他们一方面承认自己的过错，但是另一方面又不知悔改，继续犯错。由此可知，画线部分意思是“政客们没有停止制造混乱”，故选C项。答案：C3．Whatistheauthor'sopinionaboutreducingfossilfuels?A．Itmakesnodifferencetopeople'slife.B．Itwillbringaboutothernewproblems.C．Itwillmaketheprisonsfillupquickly.D．Itiseffectiveinfightingclimatechange.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“However,aswiththemostbigproblems,therearenoeasysolutions,andeachsolutionmaycreatemoreproblems.”可知，作者认为大部分的问题都没有简单的解决方案，每一种解决办法都带来新的问题。下文列举了一个例子，比如，为应对气候变化，可减少化石燃料的使用，但这又会导致交通工具的停运，对人们的生活产生负面影响，甚至加剧贫困。由此可知，作者认为减少化石燃料，将带来其他新问题。故选B项。答案：B4．WhatdoestheauthorwanttostressinParagraph4?A．Teenpowerisagoodthingtochangetheworld.\nB．Passionisimportantinsolvingtheworld'sproblems.C．Weshouldspeakuptomaketheworldabetterplace.D．Weneedtostudytobematureandwisetodecidewell.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容尤其是最后一句“Apartfromenthusiasmforbringingaboutchange,youstillneedthematurity,wisdom,knowledgeandskillstomakegooddecisions.”可知，作者想强调青少年参与政治是很好的，但是要解决世界上的问题，不能光靠热情，还需要提升自己的素养和能力，需要加强学习才能更好地决策。由此可知，在第四段中，作者想强调我们需要学着成熟，并且明智地做决定。故选D项。答案：DBEngineersattheUniversityofCaliforniaSanDiegohavedevelopedanewmethodthatdoesn'trequireanyspecialequipmentandworksinjustminutestocreatesoft,flexible,3Dprintedrobots.Theinnovationcomesfromrethinkingthewaysoftrobotsarebuilt:insteadoffiguringouthowtoaddsoftmaterialstoarigidrobotbody,theUCSanDiegoresearcherstartedwithasoftbodyandaddedrigidfeaturestokeycomponents.Thestructureswereinspiredbyinsectexoskeletons(外骨骼)，whichhavebothsoftandrigidparts—theresearcherscalledtheircreations“flexoskeletons(柔性外骨骼)”．Thenewmethodallowsfortheconstructionofsoftcomponentsforrobotsinasmallbitofthetimepreviouslyneededandforasmallbitofthecost.“Wehopethattheseflexoskeletonswillleadtothecreationofanewclassofsoftrobots，”saidNickGravish,amechanicalengineeringprofessorattheJacobsSchoolofEngineeringattheUCSanDiegoandthepaper'sseniorauthor.“Wewanttomakesoftrobotseasiertobuildforresearchersallovertheworld.”Thenewmethodmakesitpossibletobuildlargegroupsofflexoskeletonrobotswithlittlehandassembly(装配)aswellasassemblealibraryofLegolikecomponentssothatrobotpartscanbeeasilyswapped.ResearchersdetailtheirworkintheApril7issueofthejournalSoftRobotics.Theteamplanstomaketheirdesignsavailabletoresearchersatotherinstitutionsaswellashighschools.Oneflexoskeletoncomponenttakes10minutestoprintandcostslessthan$1.Flexoskeletonprintingcanbedoneonmostlowcostcommerciallyavailableprinters.Printingandassemblingawholerobottakesundertwohours.Thefinalgoalistocreateanassemblylinethatprintswholeflexoskeleton\nrobotswithoutanyneedforhandassembly.Thesesmallrobotscoulddoasmuchworkasonemassiverobotonitsown—ormore.　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。圣地亚哥加利福尼亚大学的研究人员最近研发了一种新工艺，能够快速、方便地制造出刚柔性兼有的混合机器人。5．WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?A．Theoriginofthenewmethod.B．Thefunctionofthenewmethod.C．Theadvantagesofthenewmethod.D．Thecostofthenewmethod.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Theinnovationcomesfromrethinkingthewaysoftrobotsarebuilt”以及“Thestructureswereinspiredbyinsectexoskeletons”可知，本段主要叙述这场革新来自重新思考柔性机器人的制造方式，受到了昆虫外骨骼的启发。因此本段主要是介绍这项新方法的由来。故选A项。答案：A6．What'sNick'sattitudetowardsflexoskeletons?A．Indifferent.　　　　　　B．Skeptical.C．Curious.D．Hopeful.解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中Nick说的话“Wehopethattheseflexoskeletonswillleadtothecreationofanewclassofsoftrobots(我们希望这些柔性外骨骼机器人能够创造出一种新型的软机器人)”以及“Wewanttomakesoftrobotseasiertobuildforresearchersallovertheworld.(我们想让全世界的研究人员更容易建造软机器人)”可知，作者希望柔性外骨骼能够更多的应用到实际中，使其得到进一步的发展，可以推断，他对柔性外骨骼是充满希望和期待的。故选D项。答案：D7．Whatwillresearchersintendtodowithflexoskeletons?A．Benefitmoststudents.B．Producealotofflexoskeletonrobots.C．Buildrobotsbyhand.D．Createmanylargerones.解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Thefinalgoalistocreateanassemblylinethatprintswholeflexoskeletonrobotswithoutanyneedforhandassembly.(最终的目标是创建一条不需要手工装配就能打印整个柔性外骨骼机器人的装配线)”和倒数第二段中的“Flexoskeletonprintingcanbedoneonmostlowcostcommerciallyavailable\nprinters.(柔性外骨骼打印可以在大多数低成本的商用打印机上完成)”可知，研究人员的目标是创建生产线大量生产这种柔性机器人。故研究人员打算用柔性外骨骼来生产很多柔性外骨骼机器人。故选B项。答案：B8．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．NewRobotsMadeofSpecialEquipmentandMaterialsB．ANewMethodofBuildingGiant，SoftandFlexibleRobotsC．FlexoskeletonsMakeSoftRobotsFasterandCheapertoMakeD．FlexoskeletonsCreateLotsofSoftRobotswithHandAssembly解析：标题归纳题。文章开篇就介绍主题：研究人员研发出一种新方法，可以快速创造出柔性的3D打印机器人。该项技术使得柔性机器人的研发更快捷、便宜。可以推断文章的主题为，柔性外骨骼使机器人的制作速度更快，成本也更低。所以C项最适合作本文标题。答案：CⅡ.阅读七选五Talkingtoyourselfmayseemalittleshameful.Accordingtothewellknownsaying,talkingtoyourselfisthefirstsignofmadness.　1　Talkingtoourselves,whetheroutloudorsilentlyinourheads,isavaluabletoolforthought.Farfrombeingmentallyill,selftalkallowsustoplanwhatwearegoingtodo,manageouractivities,regulateouremotionsandevencreateadescriptionofourexperience.　2　Aschildren,accordingtotheRussianpsychologistLevVygotsky,weuseprivatespeechtoregulateouractionsinthesamewaythatweusepublicspeechtocontrolthebehaviorofothers.　3　Psychologicalexperimentshaveshownthattheprivatespeechcanimproveourperformanceontasksrangingfromjudgingwhatotherpeoplearethinkingtosortingimagesintocategories.Onerecentstudysuggestedthatselftalkismosteffectivewhenweaddressourselvesinthesecondperson,as“you”ratherthan“I”．　4　Ifyouwantproof,turnonthesportschannel.You'recertaintoseeanathleteortwocheeringthemselvesupwithabitterphraseorscoldingthemselvesafterabadshot.Conductadialoguewithourselves.　5　Theprivatespeechseemstobeaparticularlygoodwayofsolvingproblemsandworkingthroughideas.Thetoandfrobetweendifferentpointsofviewmeansourthoughtscanendupinexpectedplaces,justlikearegulardialoguecan,andmightturnouttobeoneofthekeystohumancreativity.\nA．Whatisprivatespeech?B．Butthereisnoneedforembarrassment.C．Psychologistsrefertothisasprivatespeech.D．Askquestionsoftheselfandprovideanswers.E．Wedoalotofprivatespeechwhenweareyoung.F．Aswegrowolder,wedon'tabandonthissystem—internalizeit.G．Weinternalizetheprivatespeechweuseaschildren,butweneverentirelyputawaytheoutloudspeech.答案：1.B　2.C　3.F　4.G　5.DⅢ.语法填空Chinaisnowfightingawarofadifferentkind.It'sagainst1.anunseenenemy,whichhasbeennamedCOVID19bytheWHO.SinceitsappearanceattheendofDecemberinWuhan,thevirus2.causing(cause)thisdiseasehasspreadtoothercities,infectinghundredsofthousandsofpeopleandleadingtooveronethousand3.deaths(dead)．Asyet,thereisnovaccine(疫苗)toprotectpeopleagainstthevirusandtheonly4.effective(effect)waytofightitistotrytocontainit.TheChinesepeopleshouldbepraisedbecause,5.forthemostpart,theyrefusedtopanic.They'vestayedhomeasmuchaspossible,wornprotectivemasksandwashedtheirhands6.frequently(frequent)andthoroughly.Thegovernment'sresponsehasalsobeencalmandeffective.They'vekepteveryone7.informed(inform)aboutwhathasbeenhappeningandthey'vesentthousandsofdoctorsandnursestoHubeitotreatthose8.who/thathavebeeninfected.Thisterriblevirushasn'tbeendefeatedandthefightagainstitmaycontinueforseveralmoremonths.It'shopedthat9.whenthecrisisfades,Chinaandtheworldwilllearnthatcooperationandhope,notpanicorcriticism,isthe10.best(good)waytofaceacommonthreat.