山东专用2023高考英语二轮复习组合练八阅读理解+阅读七选五+语法填空含解析20230315126

组合练(八)　阅读理解＋阅读七选五＋语法填空Ⅰ.阅读理解ATheBritishliveonasmallisland.Theyaresurroundedbythesea，soitisnotsurprisingthattheseahasalwaysplayedanimportantroleintheirlives.Afterthedevelopmentoflarge，oceangoingsailingshipsinthefifteenthcentury，theseabecameevenmoreimportanttothecountry'sdevelopment.ShipssettingsailfromEnglanddeterminedtoextendBritain'sterritories，itswealthanditsknowledgeoftheworld.ShipsreturnedtoEnglandbringinggoods，peopleandnewideasfromforeignplaces.Bythenineteenthcentury，Britainhadthelargest，mostpowerfulnavyintheworld.ThegreatsailingshipsweresomuchapartofBritishlifethattheyevenaffectedthelanguage.ManyEnglishexpressionsweusetodaywereoriginallynautical(航海的)terms，althoughmostpeoplenolongerrealizethis.Forexample，peoplecommonlydescribeanhonestandfairbusinessdealasbeing“aboveboard”．Thisexpressionwasoriginallyusedinsailingshiptimeswhensecretive，dishonestship'sbusinesswouldbecarriedoutbelowdecks(belowtheboards)outofpublicview.Ontheotherhand，honestbusinesswasalwaysconductedondeck(abovetheboards)，intheopenwhereeveryonecouldseewhatwasgoingon.“Pipedown！”，meaning“Bequiet！”，isanothercommonexpressionthathasnauticalorigins.Theship'sboatswain(水手长)wouldblowawhistle，orpipe，attheendofthedaytoindicate(表明)tothesailorsitwastimetoquietendownandgotosleep.MostnativeEnglishspeakershaveheardtheexpression“notenoughroomtoswingacat”，butfewknowthatthe“cat”doesnotrefertoasmallfurryanimalwithfourlegsandatail.The“cat”isactuallyashortformof“catofninetails”—awhipwithnineknotted(打结的)tails.Aboatswainneededalotofspaceinordertoswingthewhipproperlywhenlashing(鞭打)apoorsailorunderhiscontrol![语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。英国作为一个岛国，四周被海洋环绕，因此海洋在英国人的生活中发挥着重要作用。英国曾有着很强大的海军，一直以来，水手们经常使用一些丰富的航海术语，这些术语也影响着英语语言。1．TheBritishhavebeenstronglyinfluencedbytheseabecause________．A．theyoccupiedmorelandaroundtheworldB．theygotmorewealthfromtheseaC．theyliveonanislandsurroundedbytheseaD．theyhadthelargestnavyever解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Theyaresurroundedbythesea，soitisnotsurprisingthattheseahasalwaysplayedanimportantroleintheirlives.”可知，英国被海洋包围，所以海洋对英国人的生活影响很大。答案：C2．Ifsomeoneisopenandaboveboard，itmeansheis________．A．secretive　　　　　　　　B．honestC．cheerfulD．dishonest解析：细节理解题。结合第二段中的“peoplecommonlydescribeanhonestandfairbusinessdealasbeing‘aboveboard’”可知，选B项。答案：B3．Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage?A．Sailorsneedtogotosleepwhentheyhearawhistle.B．Sailorswillbewhippediftheydobusinessbelowdecks.C．Apoorsailormaybewhippedninetimesaday.\nD．Thereisnospareroomtoraisecatsonships.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Theship'sboatswainwouldblowawhistle，orpipe，attheendofthedaytoindicatetothesailorsitwastimetoquietendownandgotosleep.”可知，当听到哨声，水手们要去睡觉。所以选A项。答案：A4．Thepassageismainlyabout________．A．thebusinessonBritishsailingshipsB．theinfluenceofBritishsailors'languageonEnglishC．thesailinghistoryofEnglandD．thesailingstoryofBritishsailors解析：主旨大意题。本文主要通过介绍英国是一个受海洋影响的国家引入主题，即水手们在航行的时候使用的一些航海术语对英语这门语言产生了深远的影响。因此B项符合题意。答案：BBAprilshouldbeprimewalrus(海象)huntingseasonforthenativevillagesonAlaska'sremotewesterncoast.Inyearspastthewinter，seaiceonwhichtheanimalsrestwouldstillbeabundant，providingprimetargetsforlocalhunters.ButthisyearseaicecoverageasoflateAprilwasmorelikewhatwouldbeexpectedformidJune.Theseconditionsarethecontinuationofawinterlongscarcity(缺乏)ofseaiceintheBeringSea.SeaiceexpandsoutwardfromthecentralArcticOceaneachautumnasthesunfallslowandtemperaturesdrop.IntheChukchiandBeringSeasoffAlaska，freezeupusedtobegininOctober.IcewouldedgesouthwardandbuildupthroughoutthewinteruntilpeakinginMarchwhentheicewouldstartmeltingback.Butlastautumnfreezeupintheregionbeganlater.Theunusualwarmthcontinuedthroughoutthiswinter，inpartbecauseofanatmosphericpatternthatkeptstormsperiodicallysweepingupfromthesouth.SuchatmosphericconditionshavelongbeenalimitingfactortoseaicegrowthintheBeringSea，Thomansays.Butuntilrecentlythewatertherewasreliablycoldenoughinautumnthatwhenwindsdidblowfromthesouth，seaicewouldstillsprawl．ThelastfewyearshaveseenunusuallywarmoceanwatersintheBering.SomeofthosewarmwatersfollowedoceancurrentsupintotheBeringandleftareservoir(储藏)ofwarmththatlimitediceformation.TheoccurrenceoftheseunusualconditionsoffAlaskathispastwintercanlargelybeputdowntotherandomweathervariationsinachaoticclimatesystem，butscientistssayglobalwarmingaddedtotheseverityofthesituation.AttheendofApril，theBeringSeawasnearlyicefree—fourweeksaheadofschedule.Theopenoceanwastakinginheatthatcouldsetupanotherdelayedfreezeupnextfall.“Becauseoftheroleweatherplays，noteveryyearisgoingtobelikethis.Nextyearwillalmostcertainlynotbethislow.Butastemperaturescontinuetorise，chancesareveryhighthatwewillnotgoanother160yearsbeforeweseesomethinglikethishappenagain，”saysThoman.[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。每年的四月份，美国阿拉斯加州附近海域的浮冰上会栖息着大量海象，是狩猎的好时机。然而今年的情况却大不相同。5．InwatersoffAlaska'swesterncoast，normallyAprilshouldbeatimewhen________．A．numerouswalrusesgoonshoreB．therestillexistsplentyofseaiceC．theseaiceisatitsmaximumamountD．temperaturesbegintoriseafterwinter解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的前两句可知，在阿拉斯加州偏远的西海岸，每年的四月份海面上仍然会存在大量海冰。\n答案：B6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sprawl”inParagraph3mean?A．Spread.　　　　　　　B．Reduce.C．Float.D．Function.解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在的上下文可知，从南方来的暴风雨是白令海海冰形成的限制性因素。不过一直到最近白令海秋天的水温还是足够低，以至于当南方的风吹来时，海冰还是能够继续扩大面积。答案：A7．WhatwasthemaincauseoftheunusualsituationinwatersoffAlaskathispastwinter?A．Theoverhuntingactivities.B．Windsblowingfromthenorth.C．Changeableweatherconditions.D．GradualwarmingoftheArctic.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句可知，在过去的这个冬天里，阿拉斯加州附近海冰形成困难的主要原因在于天气变化无常，全球变暖现象只是一个辅因。答案：C8．WhichofthefollowingwouldThomanagreewith?A．Globalwarminghaslostitsinfluence.B．TheBeringSeawillbewarmernextyear.C．Freezeupwilldefinitelybedelayednextautumn.D．TheBeringSeawillprobablywitnessaseaicedeclineagain.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段Thoman所说的话可知，Thoman认为，因为天气的偶然因素，并不是每一年都会发生海冰稀少这样的事，下一年很可能情况会有所好转。但就全球温度上升的总体趋势来看，白令海域这种不寻常的冬季少冰现象将来还会重现。答案：DⅡ.阅读七选五Excellentleadershipisaboutbuildingupthepeoplearoundyou:trustingthem，empowering(授权)them，andfinally，enablingthemtocontributetheirexpertknowledgesothattheteamcanbecomemorethanthesumtotalofitsparts.Butwhatdoesthatlooklikeinpractice？__1__Herearesomewaystohelpyourteamdobetter.Encourageopenandhonestcommunication.Createanenvironmentwhereopennessandhonestyinallaspectsofcommunicationareencouraged.__2__Askforandlistentofeedback(反馈)．Mostofall,ensureyourteammembershaveaclearpathtoyourdooriftheyneedit.Celebratetheirsuccess.Neverforgettopraisegoodideasortargetsmet.Shareyourteam'ssuccesswiththecompanyatlargeandsupportthemintakingontheleadership.Forbigwins，youcanevenorganizealunchordinnerwhereeverymemberoftheteamcanshareintheachievement.__3__Provideadequateresources(资源)andtraining.__4__Heorshehelpsthemtofindroomforadvancement，sotheycandeveloptheirskillsandmakeprogressintheirwork.Supportyourteambygivingthemtheresourcestheyneedtostandoutandreachthenextlevel.__5__Inyourtimeasaleader，thingswon'talwaysgosmoothly.Youmightevenmakeafewbadcalls.Whenthingsgowrong，youneedtofaceitheadon.Takeresponsibilityandworktogetherwithyourteamtosolvetheproblemsandreachthetarget.A．Keepyoureyeonthebigpicture.B．Beresponsibleforyourdecisionsandactions.C．Howeveryouchoosetomarkthemoment，doittogether.\nD．Greatleadersshowrespectforteammembersinanumberofways.E．Whatkindofactionscanyoutakeeverydaytohelpyourteamsucceed?F．Askpeopletosharetheirviewsandtalkabouttheproblemsintheirway.G．Agreatleaderdoesn'tjusthelptheirteammemberstodotheirjobofthepresenttime.[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。作为领导者，如何才能让团队更强大呢？1．解析：本段的开头介绍了什么是优秀的领导能力。紧接着提出了两个问题：那实践当中是什么样的呢？每天如何做才能帮助你的团队成功呢？由空后的内容可知，下文对本空提出的问题作了解答。答案：E2．解析：由本段的主旨句“Encourageopenandhonestcommunication.”可知，作者建议要鼓励坦率、真诚的交流，故F项“让人们用自己的方式分享观点、讨论问题”符合段意。答案：F3．解析：本空承接上句内容，告诉我们无论怎样庆祝这一时刻，一定要与团队在一起庆祝。答案：C4．解析：由空后内容可知，团队领导不仅要帮助成员做好手头的工作，还应该帮助他们找到进步的空间。空后的heorshe指的是本空中的agreatleader。答案：G5．解析：本段主要讲团队领导要为自己的决策和行为负责，B项与本段内容贴合，是本段的主旨句。答案：BⅢ.语法填空ThePalaceMuseum，knownastheForbiddenCity，isthe1.____________(large)andmostwell2.____________(reserve)imperial(皇帝的)residenceinChinatoday.Itisdividedintoanouterandaninnercourtwitharectangularshape，961metreslongfromnorthtosouthand753metresin3.____________(wide)fromeasttowest.IthasasplendidhistorysincetheMingDynasty，andit4.____________(rebuild)andrepairedmanytimesinthepast.Iwassoexcitedtovisitit5.____________myfamilylastsummervacation.AfterwepassedthroughtheFrontGate，alotofpalacesappeared.Thetourguidetoldustherewerealmost8，700roomsinthePalaceMuseum.DuringtheMingDynasty，constructionbeganin1406.6.____________took14yearstobuildtheForbiddenCity.Iwas7.____________(real)surprisedthattheworkerscouldbuilditsowell8.____________eventodayitisnotoutofstyle.Icouldnotrememberallthenamesofthebuildings，butItookhundredsofbeautiful9.____________(photo)ontheway.IthinkIwillneverforgetthe10.____________(amaze)tripIhadinBeijing，ChinaandIcangotherenexttimewithmyfriends.[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者作为游客介绍了自己的故宫之行，并表达了自己对这次行程难以忘怀的心情以及希望和朋友再次参观的愿望。1．解析：考查形容词最高级。句意：被称为紫禁城的故宫是中国现存最大、保存最完整的皇家宫殿。根据空前的the及空后的andmost可知，此处应用形容词最高级。答案：largest2．解析：考查非谓语动词。reserve和它所修饰的名词residence之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，此处表示“保存最完整的”，故应用过去分词reserved作定语。答案：reserved3．解析：考查词性转换。in是介词，故应用名词width。答案：width4．解析：考查动词的时态和语态。rebuild和主语it之间是动宾关系；且时间状语为inthepast，应用一般过去时的被动语态。答案：wasrebuilt5．解析：考查介词。句意：和家人一起参观故宫使作者感觉很兴奋。表示“和……一起”\n，应用介词with。答案：with6．解析：考查固定句型。“Ittakessb.timetodosth.”为固定句型，意为“花费某人多长时间做某事”，故此处应用It作形式主语。答案：It7．解析：考查词性转换。此处修饰形容词surprised，应用副词。答案：really8．解析：考查固定结构。句意：我确实很吃惊，工人们将它建得如此好以至于现在它仍然没有过时。so...that...“如此……以至于……”为固定结构，其中that为连词，引导从句。答案：that9．解析：考查名词的单复数。hundredsof后面用可数名词复数。答案：photos10．解析：考查词性转换。trip是名词，表示事物，应该用形容词修饰。答案：amazing