山东专用2023高考英语二轮复习组合练十二阅读理解+阅读七选五+语法填空含解析20230315133

组合练(十二)　阅读理解＋阅读七选五＋语法填空Ⅰ.阅读理解AIt'scommonknowledgethatsomecountrieshavehigherlifeexpectancies(预期寿命)thanothers，butthecityyouliveincanalsoaffectyourhealth.Somecitiesarehardontheircitizens.Inplaceswithpoorcityplanning—LagoswascalledoutrecentlybytheEconomistIntelligenceUnit—publicspacesarefewandfarbetween，makingoutdooractivitieshard.Lackofinfrastructure(基础设施)jamsthestreetswithcarsandtheairwithpollutants，andpeopleworklonghoursforlittlemoney.ThesearejustsomeofthefactorsconcludedbySpotahome，arentalagency.They'veanalyzeddatafromarangeofsources，includingtheWorldHealthOrganization，TripAdvisorandtheCIAWorldFactbooktoscoreeachcityonhealth，gymavailabilityandquality，lifeexpectancy，obesity(肥胖)，greenspaceandotherelementstoworkoutalistoftheworld'shealthiestcities.ThelistiscertainlyEurocentricbutcontinuoussunshineisseenasapositivething，evenifitmaybemoreofadisadvantageinotherregions.Butitdoesgosomewaytowardssuggestingwhichcitiesaregettingitrightinprovidingagoodlifefortheirinhabitants.ItmaynotbesurprisingtolearnthatmostofthehealthiestcitiesareinnorthernEurope，knownforitspeoplefirstapproachtocityplanning.AustraliaandCanadaalsodowell—butAlaska，thefirstU．S.cityisonlyin34thplace.TheU．K.doesn'tfaretoowelleither—itsonlycityinthetop50listisLondon，in40th.Whetheryou'replanningawholesomeholiday，orsimplywonderingwhatyourcitycandobetter，thislistofthe50healthiestcitieswillgiveyoupauseforthought.Herearetheattractive，healthyeating，cleanairedcitiesthataregettingitright.[语篇解读]　文章是关于世界上最健康的城市的介绍。1．Whyaresomecitiesdifficulttoliveinaccordingtothetext?A．Theairisheavilypolluted.B．Thereisnocityplanning.C．Outdooractivitiesaren'tavailable.D．Publicplacesarelimited.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“publicspacesarefewandfarbetween”可知，公共用地有限是其中一个原因，故选D。答案：D2．HowdidSpotahomelisttheworld'shealthiestcities?A．Byfiguringoutthecity'sgreenarea.B．Bygaininginformationviavariouspeople.C．Byanalyzingdifferentaspectsofthecities.D．Byselectingthosewiththehighestlifeexpectancy.解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，他们分析了来自各种渠道的数据，然后给每一个城市打分，根据健康、体育馆的设备和使用质量、预期寿命、肥胖、绿地空间和其他一些因素来做出最健康的城市名单。故选C项“通过分析城市的不同方面”。答案：C3．Whatdoesthelistaimtohelppeopledo?A．Formhealthyeatinghabits.B．Choosearightplaceforaholiday.C．Becomeawareofattractivenessofcities.D．Reflectthefutureofthecityplanning.\n解析：推理判断题。全文最后一段第一句话提到，不管你是正在计划度假，还是仅仅想弄明白你的城市能够更好地做些什么，这份50个最健康城市的名单，将会帮助你去思考。故选B项“选择一个合适的地方去度假”。答案：B4．Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A．Adiary.　　　　　　　B．Aguidebook.C．Anovel.D．Amagazine.解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知本文有关全世界最健康的城市，应该摘自一本杂志，而非日记、指南手册和小说。故选D。答案：DBThoughplasticshoppingbagsarecheapanduseful，theycausewidespreadpollution.Now，wemayhaveanunlikelyhelpertohelpcleanupourgarbage—asmallwaxworm.Theworm'shiddenskillswerediscoveredbyaccident.Abouttwoyearsago，FedericaBertocchini，adevelopmentalbiologistattheSpanishNationalResearchCouncilandanamateurbeekeeper，wascleaningoutbees'nestthathadbeenfilledwithworms.Sheremovedthewormsandputtheminaplasticbagwhiledoingthecleaning.Afterfinishing，shewentbacktotheroomwhereshehadlefttheworms，andfoundtheyhadescapedfromthebag.Whenshechecked，shesawthatthebagwasfullofholes.Realizingshemayhavemadeanimportantdiscovery，Bertocchiniteamedupwithotherresearcherstoconductfurtherresearch.Theybeganbyplacing100wormsonsomeplasticbagsanddiscoveredthatovera24hourperiod，thewormsmanagedtochewthrough92milligramsofplastic.Theresearchersmakeanappropriatejudgmentthatatthisrate，thegroupofwormscoulddegrade(降解)anaveragesized5.5gramplasticbagwithinamonth.Toruleoutthepossibilitythatchewingwascausingthedegradation，theresearchersspreadthesoftwetsubstanceinsidethebodyofsomerecentlydeadwormsonasheetofplastic.Sureenough，eventheliquidwasabletoeatthroughthematerial，confirmingthatthewormshaveplasticdigestingenzymes(酶)．Whilethenewsiscertainlyencouraging，noteveryoneisconvinced.TheMichiganStateUniversity'sRamaniNarayanbelievesthetinypiecesofmicroplasticsreleasedbytheplasticeatingwormswouldpickupharmfulsubstancesandtransportthemupthefoodchain，causingevenmoreharmtotheenvironmentandhumanhealth.SusanSelke，directorofMichiganStateUniversitySchoolofPackaging，isconcernedthatthewormswillnotbeabletosurviveinanoxygenfreelandfillswherelargeamountsofwastematerialareburiedundertheearth.However，Bertocchiniisnotplanningtotransportwormarmiestolandfills.Instead，theresearcherwantstoidentifytheenzymethathelpsdegradetheplastic.Theresearchersays，maybewecanfindthemolecule(分子)andproduceitonanindustriallevel，ratherthanusingamillionwormsinaplasticbag.[语篇解读]　西班牙生物学家FedericaBertocchini爱好养蜜蜂，她在清理蜂巢时意外发现了一种能吃塑料的蜡虫，她和她的团队对此进行了研究，她的这一发现未来有望用于治理白色污染。5．Whatdidtheexperimentofusingdeadwormsfindout?A．Worms'chewingmaycausethedegradation.B．Aplasticeatingchemicalexistsinwaxworms.C．Deadwormsareeffectiveindealingwithplastic.D．Ittakesalongtimeforwormstodegradeplastic.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Toruleoutthepossibilitythatchewing...theworms\nhaveplasticdigestingenzymes.”可知，研究者们将刚刚死去的虫子体内的浆液置于一片塑料上，结果发现这种液体也有降解塑料的作用，并得出蜡虫体内含有一种可降解塑料的酶这一结论。故选B。答案：B6．WhatisRamaniNarayan'sattitudetoBertocchini'sfinding?A．Objective.　　　　　　　B．Convinced.C．Questioning.D．Optimistic.解析：观点态度题。根据倒数第二段中的“Whilethenewsiscertainlyencouraging，noteveryoneisconvinced.TheMichiganStateUniversity'sRamaniNarayanbelievesthetinypiecesofmicroplasticsreleasedbytheplasticeatingwormswouldpickupharmfulsubstancesandtransportthemupthefoodchain，causing，evenmore，harmtotheenvironmentandhumanhealth.”可知，虽然Bertocchini他们的发现很令人振奋，但并不是每个人都信服，RamaniNarayan就是其中一个。他认为，生物降解(此处指通过蜡虫来降解塑料)可能会携带有害物质，并将其输送到食物链中，甚至会给环境和人类健康带来更多的危害。由此可推知，RamaniNarayan对Bertocchini的发现持“怀疑的”态度。故选C。答案：C7．WhatmightBertocchinifocusherlaterresearchon?A．Thestructureofplasticdegradingenzymes.B．Theuseofotherwormsindisposingplastic.C．Waxworms'adaptabilitytothelandfillenvironment.D．Thechanceofproducingwaxwormsonalargescale.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Instead，theresearcherwantstoidentifytheenzymethathelpsdegradetheplastic...produceitonanindustriallevel”可知，Bertocchini接下来会将其研究重心放在可降解塑料的酶上，研究其内部结构，如发现其分子等。故选A。答案：A8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．CanWaxWormsSavetheEnvironment?B．WaxWormsHaveanAppetiteforPlasticC．WhyDoWaxWormsHavePlasticeatingSkills?D．HungryWormsJointheFightAgainstPlasticPollution解析：标题归纳题。第一段点明文章主题——发现能够帮助处理塑料垃圾的虫子；第二段具体说明了Bertocchini是如何发现蜡虫能够降解塑料的；第三段讲述了Bertocchini和其他研究人员对此作的进一步研究；第四段介绍了对此研究发现所持的不同态度；最后一段介绍Bertocchini接下来的打算。综合可知，本文主要讲的是研究人员发现了蜡虫能降解塑料，想通过蜡虫这一特点来研究它们能不能帮助降解生活中的塑料垃圾，因此A项能概括全文。故选A。答案：AⅡ.阅读七选五Eyecontactisanimportantaspectofnonverbalbehavior.__1__Giveandreceivefeedback(反馈)．Lookingatsomeoneletsthemknowthatthereceiverisconcentratingonthecontentoftheirspeech.__2__Communicationmaynotbeasmoothprocessifalistenerturnsawaytheireyestoofrequently.Ithasalsobeensuggestedthatifsomeonemaintainsconstanteyecontact，thentheyaretryingtoohardandmaywellbelying.__3__Thisisrelatedtopointone.Eyecontactismorelikelytobecontinuouswhensomeoneislistening，ratherthanspeaking.Whenapersonhasfinishedwhathe/shehastosay，he/shewilllookdirectlyattheotherpersonandthisgivesasignalthatitistimeforhimorhertospeak.Ifsomeonedoesnotwanttobeinterrupted，eyecontactmaybeavoided.\nConveysomethingaboutarelationshipbetweenpeople.Whenyoudislikesomeone，youtendtoavoideyecontactandyourpupil(瞳孔)sizeisoftenreduced.__4__Dilation(扩张)ofthepupilsisareactiontothesightofsomeoneattractive，soincreasedeyecontactcouldbeabiologicalmechanism(生理机制)tohelpfindapotentialpartner.__5__A．Theeyesarethewindowtothesoul.B．Letpartnersknowwhenitistheirturntospeak.C．Notmaintainingeyecontactcanindicatedisinterest.D．Ininterpersonalcommunication，itservesthreemainpurposes.E．Ontheotherhand，positiveeyecontactsignalsattractiontoapartner.F．Therefore，wecanjudgetherelationshipbetweentwocommunicatorsbytheireyecontact.G．Scientistshavefoundoutthethreebiologicalbasesofeyecontactinhumancommunication.[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了眼神接触在人际交流中的三项功能。1．解析：由下面的三个段落的内容可知，本文主要介绍了眼神接触在人际交流中的三项功能，D选项中的it指代前一句中的eyecontact。答案：D2．解析：本选项与前一句在语义上相对，上一句指出看着别人会让别人知道听者专注于倾听，本选项则说明不保持眼神的接触表明对所说内容不感兴趣。答案：C3．解析：由本段中的“thisgivesasignalthatitistimeforhimorhertospeak”可知，本段主要说明了眼神交流可以让交谈的人知道该轮到谁说话了，故选B。答案：B4．解析：不喜欢某人的话会避免眼神接触并且瞳孔会缩小。而积极的眼神接触则传递着对交谈方的兴趣和吸引，由此可判断选E。答案：E5．解析：空处是在本段内容的基础上得出的一个结论，说明可以通过眼神接触来断定交谈者之间的关系，与本段首句呼应。答案：FⅢ.语法填空Everfeltlikeyou'retoooldortoolate1.____________(start)exercising？Well，you'renot.AndErnestineShepherdisproofofthat.She2.____________(declare)tobetheoldestcompetitivefemalebodybuilderintheworldbytheGuinnessBookofWorldRecordsin2016and2017.Ernestineisover80yearsoldnow.When3.____________(ask)whatthesecrettohersuccessis，thegrannysays，“Discipline，4.____________(determine)，andofcoursehardwork！Believeitornot，itwasnotuntilIwas56yearsold5.____________Itookupexercising.Iwasatotalcouchpotatothenandsufferedfromseriousdiseases.Oneday，Iwentclothesshoppingwithmysisterandwhile6.____________(try)thingson，wefoundourselveslaughingateachother.Thenandthereweknew7.____________wastimetogetinbettershape.Sowedecidedtojoinagymandstartedworkingouttogether.”Althoughnowinhereighties，Ernestinetakesupthreejobs:apersonaltrainer，a8.____________(profession)modelandacompetitivebodybuilder.Shecontinuestoprovethatageis9.____________(simple)anumber.Shecontinuestobearolemodelnotjustforseniorwomeneverywhere，10.____________foreveryoneofus.[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，主题语境为人与自我之做人与做事。年过八旬的美国老太ErnestineShepherd拥有完美的肌肉状态，是世界上年龄最大的女性健美运动员。1．解析：too...to...表示“太……而不能……”。\n答案：tostart2．解析：ErnestineShepherd是被宣布为吉尼斯世界纪录创造者，故用被动语态；in2016and2017是表示具体的过去时间，故使用一般过去时。答案：wasdeclared3．解析：whenaskedwhatthesecrettohersuccessis是“连词＋分词”表示省略。答案：asked4．解析：空格中所填单词在句中和discipline，hardwork是并列关系，故用determine的名词形式。答案：determination5．解析：该句使用了强调句型，被强调的是时间状语notuntilIwas56yearsold。答案：that6．解析：此处为省略形式，完整表达为whileweweretryingthingson。答案：trying7．解析：句型itis/wastimetodosth.表示“该是做某事的时候了”。答案：it8．解析：该空修饰后面的名词model，故填profession的形容词形式。答案：professional9．解析：空格中所填单词在句中修饰谓语动词is，故用simple的副词形式。答案：simply10．解析：notjust...but...意思是“不仅是……而且……”。答案：but