山东专用2023高考英语二轮复习组合练十阅读理解+阅读七选五+语法填空含解析20230315132

组合练(十)　阅读理解＋阅读七选五＋语法填空Ⅰ.阅读理解APerfectionism(完美主义)isalwaysencouragedinoursociety.Inonestudy，researchersfoundthatoverthetimeperiodstudied，collegestudentsreportedincreasinglevelsofperfectionism:theyheldthemselvestohigherstandards，felttherewerehigherexpectationsplacedonthem，andheldotherstohigherstandards.Importantly，thebiggestincreasewasinthesocialexpectationsthatyoungadultspickeduponfromthesurroundingenvironment.Theresearchersbelievethatthiscouldbebecausesocietyisincreasinglycompetitive:collegestudentsmightpickuponthesepressuresfromtheirparentsandfromsociety，whichwouldincreaseperfectionisttendencies.Sinceperfectionismisassociatedwithnegativeoutcomes，whatcansomeonewithperfectionisttendenciesdotochangetheirbehavior?Onepossiblealternativetoperfectionisminvolvesdevelopingwhatpsychologistscallagrowthmindset.ResearchersatStanfordUniversityhavefoundthatdevelopingagrowthmindsetisanimportantwaytohelpuslearnfromourfailures.Unlikethosewithfixedmindsets，thosewithgrowthmindsetsbelievetheycanimprovetheirabilitiesbylearningfromtheirmistakes.Psychologistspointoutthatparentscanplayanimportantroleinhelpingtheirchildrendevelophealthierattitudestowardsfailure:theycanpraisetheirchildrenformakinganeffortandhelpchildrenlearntopersevere(坚持不懈)whentheymakemistakes.Anotherpotentialalternativetoperfectionismistodevelopselfcompassion(自怜)．Tounderstandselfcompassion，thinkabouthowyouwouldrespondtoaclosefriendiftheymadeamistake.Chancesareyou'dprobablyrespondwithkindnessandunderstanding，knowingthatyourfriendmeantwell.Theideabehindselfcompassionisthatweshouldtreatourselveskindlywhenwemakemistakes，remindourselvesthatmistakesarepartofbeinghuman，andavoidbeingconsumedbynegativeemotions.Althoughpeoplearesometimeshesitanttogiveuptheirperfectionisttendencies，psychologistspointoutthatgivinguponperfectiondoesn'tmeanbeinglesssuccessful.Infact，becausemistakesareanimportantpartoflearningandgrowing，huggingimperfectioncanactuallyhelpusinthelongrun.[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要建议我们放弃完美主义。1．Whatmainlyleadstocollegestudents'increasinglevelsofperfectionism?A．Thefamilybackground.B．Socialenvironment.C．Personalchoices.D．Nationalpolicies.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知，研究人员认为，导致年轻人对完美主义的追求加剧的主要原因是社会激烈竞争的环境。答案：B2．Whatshouldwedotohaveagrowthmindset?A．Learnfromourparents.B．Trytoavoidmakingmistakes.C．Changethewaywelookatfailure.D．Changeourattitudetowardssuccess.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段可知，所谓成长的心态，主要是我们要将错误和失败看作学习的机会。答案：C\n3．Whatisthekeytodevelopingselfcompassion?A．Stickingtoyourprinciples.B．Ignorewhatothersthinkofyou.C．Challengingandimprovingyourself.D．Understandingandacceptingyourself.解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，自我同情的关键在于认识到任何人(包括自己)都会犯错，接受不完美的世界(包括别人和自己)，然后善待别人，也善待自己。答案：D4．What'sthetextmainlyabout?A．Howtodealwithperfectionism.B．Whyperfectionismisontherise.C．Theproblemswithperfectionism.D．Thepossibleeffectsofperfectionism.解析：主旨大意题。本文第一段指出大学生当中追求完美主义的情况在加剧，第二段分析其原因，接下来告诉我们如何放弃完美主义。由此可知答案。答案：ABWeliveinanageofinformation.Alltheinformationshouldallowustomakeinformed，datadrivendecisionsallthetime.Butthisdoesnotmeanthatyouactuallyusealltheinformationevenifyouhaveit.Infact，peoplereadilymakesnapjudgmentsinavarietyofsituations.Peopleformlastingimpressionsofotherswithinasecondandconsumersmakeshoppingdecisionsbasedonlittleconsideration.Inarecentstudy，weaskedparticipantstoimaginehavingpleasantorunpleasanttalkswithanotherperson.Forcomparison，weaskedanothergroupofparticipantstoconsiderhowmanyofthosetalkstheywouldneedtodeterminesomeone'scharacter.Wefoundthatpeoplebelievedtheywouldneedmanytalkstomakethisjudgment，whileinfactthefirstgroupneededfew.Inanotherstudy，weaskedsomestudentstowriteapplicationsforsomepositions，andthenaskedactualHRpeopletoreadtheirmaterial.Thestudentswrotemuchmorematerialthantherecruiterscaredtoread.Thereareseveralreasonswhypeoplemighthavethewrongimpressionaboutmakingjudgments.Onepossibilityisthebeliefthatthehumanmindprocessesinformationincrementally(递增地)，consideringthatnewinformationisaddedtooldinformationuntilsomementallevelisreachedformakingadecision.Inreality,however，thefirstfewpiecesofinformationweigh(有影响)muchmoreheavilythanthelaterinformation.Sometimesquickdecisionsareaccurateandcansavetime.However，theymaysometimesleadtomisunderstandings.Imagineasituationinwhichamanagerwithlimitedinformationformsanopinionofanemployeeheisunsureabout.Amanagerwhoseesanemployeemakeasmallmisstep(错误)inanunimportantprojectmayavoidofferinghimchallengingprojectsinthefuture，whichinturnwouldaffectthisemployee'scareerdevelopment.Moderntechnologyallowsanydecisionmadetodaytobemoreinformedthanthesamedecisionmadeafewdecadesago.Butthehumanrelianceonquickjudgmentsmayavoidthispromise.Intheexplorationformoreinformeddecisionmaking，researcherswillneedtoexplorewaystoencouragepeopletoslowdownthejudgment.[语篇解读]　我们生活在信息时代，我们掌握的信息使我们作出有依据的、数据导向的决定，但有时我们并不依据这些信息作决定，这样作出的决定有时可能会导致不好的结果。5．What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“snap”inParagraph1?A．Slow.　　　　　　　B．Negative.C．Quick.D．Satisfying.解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句中的withinasecond和basedonlittle\nconsideration可知，snapjudgments指的是仓促的判断，由此可知，画线词的含义与quick的含义相近。故选C。答案：C6．ThestudiesinParagraph2suggestthatwhenpeoplemakejudgments，they________．A．areeasilyinfluencedbytheircurrentmoodsB．prefertocommunicatewithpeopletheytrustC．tendtolearnfromtheirpreviousexperiencesD．actuallyuselessinformationthanexpected解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知，最近的这项研究发现，人们认为他们需要很多次谈话才能作出这样的判断，而实际上第一组参与者只需要很少的谈话；根据第二段最后一句可知，另一项研究表明，学生们写的申请材料比招聘人员愿意看的多得多。由此可知，这两个研究表明当人们作判断的时候，他们实际上使用的信息比所期望的要少。故选D。答案：D7．WhatcanweknowaccordingtoParagraph3?A．Goodthinkinghabitshelpimprovementalhealth.B．Earlyinformationcontributesmoretodecisionmaking.C．Newinformationismoreimportantforknowledgedevelopment.D．Oldandnewinformationwillcombinetocreatecarefuljudgments.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，实际上，前几条信息比后来的信息的影响要大得多。由此可知，在作判断的时候，早期信息的影响力度更大。故选B。答案：B8．WhatdoestheexampleinParagraph4show?A．Decisionsbasedonlessinformationcanleadtoharmfulresults.B．Wecanmakeprogressbychallengingourselves.C．Excellentemployeesaregoodatanalyzinginformation.D．Goodcommunicationskillsarenecessaryforanablemanager.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第一、二句可知，迅速作出的决定有时可能会导致误解；下文紧接着举例来说明这一情况可推知，这个例子表明，基于较少信息作出的决定可能导致有害的结果。故选A。答案：AⅡ.阅读七选五Hollywood(好莱坞)moviesareregularlyfilledwithviolence.Theycanbeexcitingfilmsbutsometimesallyouwantisalittlelightheartedentertainment.SohaveyouheardofBollywood？Allsinging，alldancingandunrealistic，itistheperfectalternativetonormalHollywoodmovies.BollywoodistheIndianfilmindustry，basedinMumbai，formerlyknownasBombay.__1__YetBollywoodisthelargestproduceroffilmsintheworld.ThisyeartheIndianFilmfareAwards，Bollywood'sOscars，turn64yearsold.ThetypicalBollywoodmovieusuallyhasthefollowingingredients：acupofromance，ateaspoonofcomedy，adashofinternationalsightseeing，servedwithahugesliceofsinginganddancing.Therewillalsobeonebravehero，onebeautifulheroineandonebaddie(坏人)．__2__Bollywoodfilmsarefullofidealthingsandfreeofdailyworries.__3__Theactorschangeclothesandlocationswithinasinglesong.Buttheaudiencedon'tmind.ToIndianmovielovers，especiallythepoor，suchfilmsareagatewaytoheaven.Thefilmstakethemtoamagicalworldawayfromtheireverydaytroubles.Thefilmstellthemtheimpossibleispossibleandthattrueloveconquersall.__4__Behindthebeautifulscenes，Bollywoodstillemphasizesfamilyvalues.Inmostfilms，iftwoloverswanttobreakanarrangedmarriage，theycan'tjustrunaway.Theymustwinovertheirparents.\nBollywoodfilmsaredecentrefreshingreplacementsforthoseexcessivelystimulatingHollywoodfilms.__5__Theywilltakeyoutoabrighter，morecheerfulandcolorfulworld，whereit'sstillcooltodancearoundatreeandsingalovesong.A．Thereislittlementionofpolitics，povertyandwar.B．Bollywoodhasgraduallywonitsreputationontheworldstage.C．BollywoodfilmsgivethefalseimpressionthatalltheIndiansarehappyandromantic.D．MostChineseschoolkidshaveprobablyneverseenanIndianfilm.E．Theresultisafunfilledmusical.F．Bollywoodpaysgreatattentiontotraditionalvalues.G．Soifyou'retiredofallthatHollywoodaction，checkouttheBollywoodfilms.[语篇解读]　文章主要介绍了印度宝莱坞电影的特点，如营造理想化、没有日常烦恼的世界。1．解析：根据该空后的“YetBollywoodisthelargestproduceroffilmsintheworld.(然而宝莱坞是世界上最大的电影制造商)”中的yet可知，该空的内容与这句话形成对比，而D项“大多数中国学生可能从未看过一部印度电影”可以与之形成对比，故选D。答案：D2．解析：本段主要介绍的是宝莱坞电影的构成要素，如浪漫、喜剧、音乐、舞蹈；由此可知，其结果应是一个充满乐趣的音乐剧。故选E。答案：E3．解析：根据空前一句“Bollywoodfilmsarefullofidealthingsandfreeofdailyworries.”可知，宝莱坞电影充满了理想的东西，没有日常的烦恼。又结合本段其他内容可推知，A项“几乎没提到政治、贫穷和战争”与此处匹配。答案：A4．解析：根据该空后的“Behindthebeautifulscenes，Bollywoodstillemphasizesfamilyvalues.”可知，本段讲的是宝莱坞电影对传统价值观的关注。故选F。答案：F5．解析：空前一句表述宝莱坞电影是那些令人过度兴奋的好莱坞电影的相当不错的、别具一格的替代品，故G项与此处匹配。答案：GⅢ.语法填空PhotosofanAmericantrophy(战利品)hunterstandingnexttoablackgiraffethatshehadjustkilledinSouthAfricahavecausedangeronline.Ithascauseda1.____________(heat)debateonwhetherornottrophyhuntingshouldbeallowed.Trophyhuntingisthehuntingofwildgameforhuman2.____________(enjoy)．Trophyhuntingisalegalpracticein3.____________numberofAfricancountries，includingSouthAfrica，Namibia，ZambiaandZimbabwe.4.____________(usual)acertainamountofmoneyispaidtothegovernmenttohelpwildlifeprotection.“5.__________(few)than100，000giraffesremaininAfrica.Theirpopulation6.__________(fall)downby40%overthelast25years.Theyarenowontheredlistofthreatenedspecies.Theycoulddie7.____________．Goneforever，”saidanimalactivistRickyGervais.“Itisshockingthatsomeonewouldtakepleasureinkillinga8.____________(beauty)andgracefulanimallikeagiraffe.ThecruelAmericanhunterisaheartless，selfishmurderer.”TheAmericanhunterdefendedheractions.“Thegiraffewasanoldmale9.____________wasattackingandkillingyoungergiraffes，”shesaid.“Thisiscalledprotectionthroughgamemanagement.Nowthatthegiraffeisgone，theyoungergiraffesareable10.____________(survive)．Also，itisnotagainstthelawtohuntgiraffesinSouthAfrica.”\n[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。一个美国妇女在她猎杀的长颈鹿旁边拍照，并且传到了网上，从而引起了人们的愤怒。1．解析：heat的过去分词形式heated相当于一个形容词，意思是“热烈的；激烈的”。答案：heated2．解析：空格中所填单词在句中作介词for的宾语，故用enjoy的名词形式。答案：enjoyment3．解析：这里是说“一些非洲国家”，故填a。anumberof表示“若干；许多”。答案：a4．解析：该空修饰后面整句话，故填usual的副词形式。答案：Usually5．解析：根据句中的than可知，这里应填few的比较级形式。答案：Fewer6．解析：“over＋一段时间”作状语，句子常用现在完成时。答案：hasfallen7．解析：dieout是固定搭配，意思是“灭绝”。答案：out8．解析：空格中所填单词在句中修饰名词animal，故填beauty的形容词形式。答案：beautiful9．解析：关系代词that或which指代先行词anoldmale，引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。答案：that/which10．解析：beabletodosth.为固定搭配，表示“能够做某事”。答案：tosurvive