山东专用2023高考英语二轮复习组合练十四阅读理解+阅读七选五+语法填空含解析20230315136

组合练(十四)　阅读理解＋阅读七选五＋语法填空Ⅰ.阅读理解AInmanywalksoflifeandinmanysituations，persuadingpeopletodowhatyouwantthemtodoisthekeytosuccess.Researchershavelookedintodifferentaspectsofpersuasionandcomeupwithsomeinterestingresultswhicharesurelyhelpfultous.OneadvertisingcopywritercameupwithanapproachtosellingaproductonaTVshoppingchannelviaphonesales.Insteadofbeinginstructed“Operatorsarewaiting，pleasecallnow”，viewersweretold“Ifoperatorsarebusy，pleasecallagain”．Theresultswereextraordinary.Theadsuggestedoperatorsweren'tsittingaroundhopingpeoplewouldcall.Insteadthereweresomanypeoplewantingtheproductthatpeoplemighthavetowaituntiltheycouldgetit.Whatroledoeschoicehaveinpersuadingpeopletobuyorgetsomething？Onestudyinasupermarketshowedtheeffectofchoice.Aparticularsupermarketdisplayedeither6or24differentkindsofjam.Thelargedisplayattractedmoreinterestthanthesmallone.Butwhenthetimecametopurchasethings，peoplewhosawthelargedisplaywereonetenthaslikelytobuy.Iftheydobuy，theyarelesscontentwiththeirselection，eventhoughtheyhavemadeagoodchoice.Awiderrangeofchoicesrequiremoretimeandeffortandleadtounreasonablyhighexpectations.Anotheraspectofpersuasionconcernsgettingsomeonetochangetheirmind.It'shardtoprovetosomeonethatapreviousdecisioniswrong，andaspeoplegetoldertheygetlessandlesswillingtochangetheirmind.Peoplewantthingstobeunwavering；theywanttheirattitudes，statements，valuesandactionstofollowasetpattern.Theonlywaytopersuadethemtochangeistoacknowledgethisbyagreeingthatthepreviousdecisiontheymadeisaperfectlyunderstandableone.Thisallowsthemtofocusonyoursuggestionwithoutfeelingtheirpreviousdecisioniswrong.Asaresult，theymaybepersuadedtobreakoutoftheirestablishedpattern.[语篇解读]　说服别人对取得成功至关重要，作者在文中介绍了在实际生活中说服别人的不同方式，以展示应该如何做说服工作。1．Whatdoestheadvertisingcopywriterwanttoindicateabouttheproduct?A．It'sindemand.　　　　　B．It'srare.C．It'sforsale.D．It'sprecious.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的“Theadsuggestedoperatorsweren'tsittingaroundhopingpeoplewouldcall.Insteadthereweresomanypeoplewantingtheproductthatpeoplemighthavetowaituntiltheycouldgetit.”可知，告知观众“如果接线员正忙，请再呼叫”，而不是“接线员正在等待，请现在呼叫”是一种说服策略。接线员正忙，说明订购的人多，暗示产品受到大家的认可，很抢手，故选A。indemand“需求大”。答案：A2．WhatdoesthestudymentionedinParagraph3show?A.Moreselectionsbringmoreactions.B．Increasedchoicedecreasessatisfaction.C．Moreandmorepeopledon'twanttochoose.D．Somechoicesaremoreattractivethanothers.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“Iftheydobuy，theyarelesscontentwiththeirselection，eventhoughtheyhavemadeagoodchoice.Awiderrangeofchoicesrequiremoretimeandeffortandleadtounreasonablyhighexpectations.”可知，选择的范围变大，会增加人们对自己的决定的不满，因为更多的选择需要投入更多的时间和更大的努力，人们也会产生过高的期望，由此可知本题选B。答案：B\n3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unwavering”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Reliable.B．Demanding.C．Unique.D．Consistent.解析：词义猜测题。画线词前面谈到“随着年龄的增长，人们越来越不愿意改变自己的想法”，该词后面谈到“人们希望自己的态度、言论、价值观和行动都遵循既定的模式”。由此推知画线词所在句应表示人们希望事情(观点、决定等)始终如一，故画线词与consistent“一致的，始终如一的”意义相近。reliable“可靠的”；demanding“要求高的”；unique“独特的”。答案：D4．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Tocomparedifferentformsofpersuasion.B．Todiscussvariousstudiesonpersuasion.C．Toteachhowtogetbetteratpersuasion.D．Toanalyzehowpersuasionaffectssuccess.解析：写作意图题。根据第一段“Inmanywalksoflifeandinmanysituations，persuadingpeopletodowhatyouwantthemtodoisthekeytosuccess...someinterestingresultswhicharesurelyhelpfultous.”可知，说服影响着人们的成功，研究人员研究了说服的不同方面，得出了一些有趣的结果，这些结果会对我们有帮助。下文作者介绍了三个方面的说服案例和说服策略，其目的很明显：教人们如何更好地说服别人做某事。答案：CBTwounusualgroups—thesamecompaniesthatarecausingthemostpollution，theBPoilcompanyandDeltaAirLines，bothannouncedplanstobecomecarbonneutral(碳中和)by2050throughdecreasingresourceusageaswellasapplyingusefultechnology.Severalotherlargeoilcompanies，likeShell，Total，andEni，haveannouncedsimilargoals.Otherairlines，likeQantasandJetBlue，areworkingonthesameplan.Sinceairlinetravelcausesaround2%－3%oftheworld'sgreenhousegases，makingairlinescarbonneutralwouldbeagreatstep.Somepeoplebelievethecompaniesare“greenwashing”．Theyarerunningthebusinessesthewaytheyusedtoperform，andnoneplantostoptheirpollutingactivitiesrightaway.Orsomecompaniesplantomeetsomeclimategoalsbybuying“carbonoffsets(补偿)”，whichmeanspayingsomeoneelsetocutpollutionorremovegreenhousegases.Butit'snotalwaysclearthatoffsettingtrulylowerspollution.Globalheatingisahugepartoftheclimateemergency.Theworldisgettinghottermainlybecausehumansareburning“fossil(化石)fuels”likecoalandoil.Thesefuelsgiveoffpollutantsoftencalledgreenhousegases.Tobecomecarbonneutral，it'snecessarytostopburningfossilfuels.Climateexpertshavesaidthebestsolutionistoleaveoilandcoalintheground，althoughit'sstillhardtoreachforthemoment.Theusualwaymostcompaniesadoptisplantingtreesandallowingmoreareasforforest.“It'sslowbutgood，”saidanexpertfromUNEP.Manmadetechnologytoremovelargequantitiesofgreenhousegasesfromtheatmospheredoesn'texistyet.Theideabehindthistechnologyisthatpollutinggasescouldberemovedfromtheatmosphere，caught，andstoredsomehow—usuallyunderground.Thoughmanyquestionsremainabouthowthecompanieshopetomeettheirgoals，sincethemaintechnologytheyexpectandneedisinaccessible，theirplannedchangesareactuallykeepingupwiththedevelopmentofmodernsociety.What'smore，theyareputtingbillionsofdollarsintotheefforttomakecarboncapturetechnologyhappen.\n[语篇解读]　为减少大气中的温室气体，世界上几家大的石油公司和航空公司相继宣布成为“碳中和”公司的计划，减少碳排放量。他们提供资金，开发碳捕获技术。5．WhydosomepeoplesaythecompaniesmentionedinParagraph1aregreenwashing?A．Theyjustbuycarbonoffsets.B．Theypaylipservicetoenvironmentalissues.C．Theyallplantobecarbonneutral.D．Theydonotshareacommonplanandgoal.解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的“Theyarerunningthebusinessesthewaytheyusedtoperform，andnoneplantostoptheirpollutingactivitiesrightaway.”可知，有人认为这些公司在“漂绿”，是因为他们实际上还是在以过去的方式经营企业，没有人打算立即停止污染活动，或者他们计划通过购买“碳补偿”来实现这些气候目标，但人们并不总是清楚碳补偿行为是否真的能降低污染。也就是说，关于环境污染问题，他们只是口头上说说，未采取行动。paylipserviceto指“对……只予以口头上的支持”，故选B。答案：B6．Whatistheexistingwaytoreducegreenhousegases?A．Expandingforestcoverage.B．Stoppingburningfossilfuels.C．Catchingandstoringthegases.D．Closingdownpollutingfactories.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“Theusualwaymostcompaniesadoptisplantingtreesandallowingmoreareasforforest.‘It'sslowbutgood.’saidanexpertfromUNEP.”可知，现在最可行的办法就是多种树，扩大森林面积，故A项“扩大森林覆盖率”符合题意。答案：A7．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetotheannouncementbythecompanies?A．Ambiguous.B．Skeptical.C．Positive.D．Critical.解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为虽然这些公司需要的碳捕获技术还没有开发出来，但他们的这些计划(成为“碳中和”公司)跟上了现代社会的发展，此外，他们正投入数十亿美元来实现碳捕获技术。由此推知，作者对此的态度是积极的。答案：C8．What'sthebesttitleofthetext?A．WhatPossiblyLeadstoGlobalHeating?B．CompaniesTakeonClimateEmergencyC．WhoAreResponsibleforGreenhouseGases?D．TechnologyforClimateChangeIsontheWay解析：标题归纳题。文章第一段谈到了很多企业纷纷宣布成为“碳中和”公司或计划购买“碳补偿”来实现气候目标；第二段谈到了温室效应与缓解方法；第三段谈到了碳捕获技术的开发以及作者对企业成为“碳中和”公司的行动的态度。综合来看，B项较为完整地概括了文章主题，体现了文章重心，适合用作标题。takeon表示“决定做，同意负责，承担(责任)”。答案：BⅡ.阅读七选五Everyoneisbornwiththeabilitytolearn.Therearenormallytwotypesoflearninginourdailylifeandstudy—activelearningandpassive(被动的)learning.__1__Thiswillhelpyoudevelopahabitofactivelearninggradually.__2__Ibetthatnoonesitsdowntoreadwiththepurposeofnotgettingthecontents.ButI'msurethatsomeofyouhavebeeninasituation，probablymorethanonce，whereyoureadanassignment，closedthebookandthought“whattheworldwasabout.”__3__Activereaders，ontheotherhand，setgoalsandchecktheirunderstandingastheyread.Whentheyfinish，theycanexplainthemainpointsandknowthatthey'veseenwhattheyhaveread.Activelearnersthinkaboutinformationdeeplyandcritically.Beingthoughtfulisanimportantpartofactivelearning，becauseitmeansthatyouareanalyzingand\nabsorbingtheinformation.__4__Forinstance，youmaymakeconnectionsbetweenthenewinformationandwhatyoualreadyknow，identifyconceptsthatyoumaynotunderstandverywell,orevaluatetheimportanceofwhatyouarereading.Anactivelearnerconsidersconstantlyinthisway.Incontrast，passivelearnersmayreadthetextandlistentolecturesandevenunderstandmostofwhatisreadandheard.__5__Allinall，behaviorofanactivelearnerandapassiveonevariesgreatly.Equippingyourselfwithstudystrategies(策略)ofactivelearnersmayeventuallyhelpyoubecomeoneofthem.A．Passivelearnerswon'tbestrictwiththemselves.B．Youneedtoknowsomedifferencesbetweenthem.C．Inotherwords，youareprocessingwhatyouread.D．However，thatimportantstepofreflectingonitisnottaken.E．Activelearnersacceptmuchoftheresponsibilityforlearning.F．Wheninteractingwiththetextinthisway，youaredoingpassively.G．Activelearnersstudywiththepurposeofgraspingandmemorizinginformation.[语篇解读]　作者在文中介绍了两种不同的学习类型——主动学习和被动学习，并介绍了它们的区别，让学生了解主动学习是如何进行的，进而养成主动学习的习惯。1．解析：上文提到通常有主动和被动两种学习方式，下文内容介绍了它们的不同，所以空处是承上启下句。故B项符合语境，且与最后一段中的“Allinall，behaviorofanactivelearnerandapassiveonevariesgreatly.”首尾相呼应。答案：B2．解析：根据行文结构可知，本空概括段落内容，第二段主要讲解不同学习模式中对阅读的不同的处理方式，再结合“setgoalsandchecktheirunderstanding...whattheyhaveread”可判断，G项“主动学习者带着理解和记忆信息的目的进行阅读”正确。答案：G3．解析：空前内容介绍一种不好的学习方式，空后有转折词组ontheotherhand，紧接着是主动学习者如何进行阅读，故空前应该是被动学习者的做法，F项符合语境。答案：F4．解析：空前提到“becauseitmeansthatyouareanalyzingandabsorbingtheinformation”，空后举例说明如何思考及处理信息，C项是前文的释义，且与下文表意一致，符合语境。答案：C5．解析：空前提到“相反，被动学习者阅读和听讲座时能理解大部分内容”，本文一直在对比两种学习方式的不同，故D项“However，thatimportantstepofreflectingonitisnottaken.”符合题意，选项中的it指代空前的“whatisreadandheard”。答案：DⅢ.语法填空Chinesemuseumsmighthavebeen1.____________(temporary)closedearlierthisyear，2.____________manyarestillopentoonlinevisitors.A3.____________(grow)numberofChinesemuseumsarepresentingtheircollectionofartifacts(手工艺品)ontheInternet.SinceFebruary，onlineplatformsincludingTaobaoandDouyin4.____________(hold)livestreaming(直播)eventsfromChina'smuseums.Theprograms，5.____________havereceivedmorethan10million6.____________(day)visits，haveprovedpopularaccordingtomediareports.SomelivestreaminghostshavebecomeInternetcelebrities.BaiXuesong，thehostofXi'anBeilinMuseum'slivestreamingeventonSunday，receivedmorethan1.75million“likes”．Avoidingboringdescriptionwhileintroducingexhibits，hishumoroustoneandfunnystorieswonthe7.____________(heart)ofhisaudience.Insteadofbeinglaidasideand8.____________(ignore)，theculturalheritageshould9.____________(rich)thepublic'sknowledgeandexpandtheiroutlook.Theselivestreamingeventsare10.____________stepforwardinachievingthatgoal.\n[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。中国实体博物馆今年早些时候闭馆期间，“云上博物馆”流行起来。1．解析：考查词性转换。修饰动词应该使用副词，故用temporary的副词形式temporarily“暂时地”。答案：temporarily2．解析：考查并列连词。前面提到实体博物馆暂时闭馆，后面提到很多博物馆仍然对网上游客开放，故填but，表示转折关系。答案：but3．解析：考查词性转换。空格处修饰名词number，应该用所给词的形容词形式。growing意为“增长的”符合句意。答案：growing4．解析：考查动词时态。根据句中的时间状语sinceFebruary可知，此处要用现在完成时或现在完成进行时表示动作从过去持续到现在，并可能持续下去。答案：haveheld/havebeenholding5．解析：考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词theprograms，关系词在从句中作主语，故要用which。答案：which6．解析：考查词性转换。空处修饰名词，故用形容词daily表示“每日的，日常的”。答案：daily7．解析：考查名词单复数。根据空后的ofhisaudience可知，此处要用heart的复数形式。答案：hearts8．解析：考查动词语态。句意：文化遗产不应该被搁置和忽视，应该用来丰富公众的知识和扩大他们的视野。根据beinglaidasideand和句意可知，这里表达的是“被忽视”，故填ignored。答案：ignored9．解析：考查词性转换。情态动词should后应该使用动词原形，故填rich的动词形式enrich“使丰富，充实”。答案：enrich10．解析：考查冠词。此处表示这些现场直播活动是实现那个目标的一步。step是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且step的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。答案：a