山东专用2023高考英语二轮复习组合练十六阅读理解+阅读七选五+语法填空含解析20230315134

组合练(十六)　阅读理解＋阅读七选五＋语法填空Ⅰ.阅读理解AThelatestGlobalHungerIndexreportestimatestwobillionpeopleworldwidesufferfromhiddenhunger.Peoplewhosufferfromhiddenhungerhaveenoughtoeat，butthequalityoftheirfoodislow.Thereportwarnsthatfoodqualityisjustasimportantasquantity.Thereportliststhecountriesbythepercentageofthepopulationwhocan'thaveadequateintakeofnutrition，childrenyoungerthanfiveyearsoldwhoweighlessthantheyshouldandthedeathrateofnewbornbabies.Itsays10ofthe14countrieswiththeworstscoresarelocatedsouthoftheSaharaDesertinAfrica.Morethan60percentofpeoplethereareundernourished．Thepercentagehasdoubledinthepasttenyearsandtheexpectedlifeofpeopletherehasfallenbytenyearssince1990.Peoplesufferfromfoodinsecurityandhighunemploymentbecauseofclimatechangeandlackofraininparticular.Butthenewswasnotallbad.ThereportsaysthenumberofchildrenunderagefivewhodieinsubSaharanAfricahasdroppedsince2000，probablybecauseofadecreaseinmalaria(疟疾)rate.Vietnam'sscorehasdroppedmorethan75percentsince1990.ThenumberofunderweightchildreninVietnamhasdroppedsharply，andthenumberofchildrenunderagefivewhodiehasbeencutinhalf.Eatinglowqualityfoodcanhurtpeopleasmuchasnotgettingenoughfood.Hiddenhungerisverydifferentfromthesocalledvisiblehunger.Itmeanslackofmicronutrient(微量元素)orvitaminsinaperson'sdiet，whichcancauselongtermandgreatdamagetotheirmentalandphysicalhealth.Andthisisparticularlysevereforchildren.Thiskindofhungercanalsoweakentheimmunesystem.Itcanalsoaffectaperson'smindandevencausedeaths.TheGlobalHungerIndexreportshiddenhungerishappeningevenaslevelsofhungerinmanydevelopingcountriesdecrease.Peoplecanbeoverweightbutstillsufferfromhiddenhunger.Tokeepfit，theyshouldhaveabalanceddietandeatavarietyoffruitsandvegetables.It'shightimethatcountriesallovertheworldshouldworktogethertobringanendtohiddenhunger.[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。根据最新的全球饥饿指数报告，全世界有二十亿人患有隐性饥饿。患有隐性饥饿的人有足够的食物吃，但他们的食物质量不高，饮食中缺乏微量元素和维生素。该报告指出食品质量和食品数量同等重要。1．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?A．Twobillionpeopledieofhiddenhungereveryyear.B．Hiddenhungeristhemostseriousfoodproblemworldwide.C．Peoplewhoeatpoorqualityfoodcandevelophiddenhunger.D．Peoplewhosufferfromhiddenhungerusuallyhavelittlefoodtoeat.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句可知，患有隐性饥饿的人有足够的食物吃，但他们的食物质量很差。答案：C2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“undernourished”inParagraph2mean?A．Weakandunhealthy.B．Strongandenergetic.C．Starving.D．Indanger.解析：词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在语境可知，全球饥饿指数报告列出的14个国家中有10个位于非洲撒哈拉沙漠以南，在那里60%以上的人营养不良。而第二段开头提到“whocan'thaveadequateintakeofnutrition”，根据这两个信息可判断答案。答案：A3．WhatmainlycauseshiddenhungerforthepeopleinAfrica?\nA．Thefoodtheyeatispolluted.B．Theycan'tfindwellpaidjobs.C．Theyoftensufferfrommalaria.D．Theweatherhasabadeffectonthem.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句可知，非洲撒哈拉沙漠以南的这10个国家的人们遭遇食物短缺和高失业率，是由于气候变化尤其是雨水匮乏这样的天气因素造成的。答案：D4．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Fatpeoplewillnotsufferfromhiddenhunger.B．It'snecessaryforpeopletoeatdifferenttypesoffood.C．Hiddenhungerwilldisappearaslevelsofhungerfall.D．Itisimpossibletogetridofhiddenhungerinthewholeworld.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的第三句可知，人们应该吃各种不同的食物来汲取各类营养，这样才能消除隐性饥饿。答案：BBAparasite(寄生虫)thatcantransformantsintozombies(僵尸)andmakethemfollowitsordermaysoundlikesomethingstraightoutofasciencefictionmovie.However，thatispreciselywhattheOphiocordycepsunilateralis，orzombieantfungus(真菌),doestocarpenterants.FoundprimarilyintropicalcountrieslikeBrazilandThailand，thezombieantfungusbeginsbyemptyingtheinfectedinsect'snutrientsandtakingcontrolofitsmind.Itthenwillstheenslavedinsecttosearchforleavesabout25centimetersaboveground—azonethathastherighttemperatureandhumidityforthefungustosurvive.Oncetheideallocationisfound，thepoorantisforcedtoclamp(夹紧)itsjawstotheundersideoftheleaf.Curioustoknowhowthefungusaccomplishesthishorrifyingbutimpressivetask，ateamledbyPennsylvaniaStateUniversityscientist，DavidHughes，decidedtoinvestigate.Thescientistsusedascanningelectronmicroscopetocreate3Dimagestodeterminethedistribution，populationandinteractionsofthefungiinsidetheinfectedinsects'bodies.Totheirsurprise，theyfoundthatwhilethefungicoveredanant'sentirebodylikeablanket，itleftitsbrainuntouched.Theyalsofoundthattheparasite'scellswereconnected，suggestingthefungiformedabondtocontrolthehost'sbehaviorasagroup.“Normallyinanimals，behavioriscontrolledbythebrainsendingsignalstothemuscles，butourresultssuggestthattheparasiteiscontrollinghostbehaviorintheouterarea.Almostlikeapuppeteer(操纵木偶的人)pullsthestringstomakeapuppetmove，thefunguscontrolstheant'smusclestocontrolthehost'slegsandjaws，”saidHughes.Theresearchersstillneedtoinvestigatewhytheparasiteavoidsthebrain.Theyguessitpreservestheant'sbrainpowersotheantcanmovearoundandmoreimportantly，accomplishtheimportanttaskofgraspingaleaftightly.Thescientistsbelievethatthefungiinsteadreleaseaspecialchemicalthatforcestheant'smusclestocontractandmove—similartohowwecontrolaremotecontrolledcar.[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一种名为zombieantfungus的寄生真菌，这种寄生真菌可以像控制牵线木偶一样控制其感染对象。5．Whydoesthezombieantfungusneedaleafabout25centimetersaboveground?A．Itsdescendantscanspreadbetterthere.B．Thatistheirideallocationforgrowing.C．Itcancontrolitshostbetterthere.D．Theleafhelpsthehostlivelonger.\n解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“azonethathastherighttemperatureandhumidityforthefungustosurvive”可知，这里是它们理想的生存场所。答案：B6．Withthehelpof3Dimages，thescientistsfoundtheparasite________．A．failedtocontroltheantcompletelyB．couldbegotridofwithsomeeffortC．didn'tcontrolthevictimfromwithinD．infectedasmallpartoftheant'sbody解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的第二句可知，他们发现这种寄生真菌不是通过感染木蚁的大脑来控制受害者的。答案：C7．Whydoestheparasiteavoidtheant'sbrain?A．Theant'sbrainhasavitalfunctiontofulfill.B．Itisdifficultfortheparasitetodothat.C．Theparasitecannotenterthehost'sbrain.D．Theparasitedoesn'twanttheanttodie.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的第二句可知，研究人员认为木蚁的大脑还有非常重要的任务要完成。答案：A8．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．CarpenterAntsAreTurnedintoZombiesB．AParasiteUsesCarpenterAntstoSpreadC．ScientistsFindaBigSecretaboutCarpenterAntsD．AnAntParasiteControlsItsVictimsLikeaPuppeteer解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种名为zombieantfungus的寄生真菌，这种寄生真菌可以像控制牵线木偶一样控制其感染对象。由此可知答案。答案：DⅡ.阅读七选五Maintaininggoodhealthdoesn'thappenbyaccident.Itrequiresyoutoworkinmanyareas.__1__Itstrengthensthebones，andmakestheheartandlungsworkbetter.Themostbeneficialtypeofexerciseisaerobics(有氧运动)．Aerobicexercise，intheformofjogging，cyclingorswimming，strengthenstheheart.Italsohelpstorelievepressure.__2__Itcouldbedancingorjustwalking.Aslongasyouwouldliketodoitregularly，youwillbefit.Peoplewhoarefitenjoylifemorebecausetheycanjoininanykindofactivity.Tohaveahealthylife，itisnecessarytodevelopgooddietaryhabits.Eatavarietyoffoodbutspeciallymorewholegrains，apples，oranges，pears，greenvegetablesandfish.Decreaseintakeofanimalfats.Avoideatingjunkfoodorprocessedfoodwhichishighinthesugarorsaltcontentandhaslittlenutritionalvalue.__3__Beingoverweightcanleadtoalotofhealthproblems.Youcansufferfromheartdiseaseandhighbloodpressure.Weightcontrolrequireseffortandselfcontrol.__4__Watchtheamountandtypeoffoodyoueatandremembernolatenightmeal.Makesureexerciseispartofyourdailyprogram.Takingcareofyourmindisimportantifyouwanttokeepfit.Developagoodbalancebetweenworkandsociallife.__5__Limityouractivitiestothemostimportantonesandgivethose100%.Overextendingyourselfcanleadtostressordiscouragement.\nA．Don'ttrytotakeontoomuch.B．Butdonotskipyourbreakfast.C．Dietandexerciseplaythemostimportantroleinit.D．Avoidstressbyexercisinganddevelopinghobbies.E．Itishelpfultochooseaformofexerciseyouenjoy.F．Regularexerciseisabsolutelynecessaryforgettingwell.G．Learningcookingtipscanhelpguaranteehealthydietandcontrolweight.[语篇解读]　文中介绍了四种保持健康的方法：锻炼、合理饮食、控制体重和注意心理健康。1．解析：本空是段首句，本段主要讲锻炼的好处和锻炼的方式，因此本空应选F项“有规律的锻炼对身体健康是绝对必要的”。答案：F2．解析：本空后面一句讲的是锻炼的方式：可以是跳舞，也可以是散步，只要你愿意定期地去做。由此反推本空选E项“选择一种你喜欢的锻炼方式是有帮助的”。答案：E3．解析：本空是段尾句，该段讲的是“要想拥有健康的生活，养成良好的饮食习惯是有必要的”。空前提到不要吃垃圾食品和高糖高盐及没有太大营养价值的加工食品，B项“但不要不吃早餐”，承接上文，且符合段落主旨。答案：B4．解析：本段讲的是控制体重。本空后面内容讲到了“注意你吃的食物的数量和种类，记住不吃夜宵。确保锻炼是你日常计划的一部分”。因此C项“饮食和锻炼在控制体重方面起着最重要的作用”符合语境。答案：C5．解析：本段内容主要有关心理方面，空后讲到将活动限制在最重要的几个上面，全力去做，操劳过度会带给自己压力或者使人泄气，因此选项应该与承担的事物相关，故A项“不要负担太多”引领下文内容，符合语境。答案：AⅢ.语法填空Lastweekend，sistersKerryMaggardandDebEggerswerescheduledtoflyfromMinneapolistoSouthDakotatogototheiraunt'sbirthdayparty，buttheirflight1.____________(cancel)duetoweatherconditions.Feelingliketheyhadnootheroptions，KerrycontactedUberindesperation，not2.____________(expect)anyonefromtherideserviceappwouldagreetomakesuchalongjourneytotheMinnesotanursinghome，3.____________thepartywastobeheld.Unexpectedly，whenKerryrequestedtheUber，herprayerwasquicklyansweredbyaman4.____________(name)JesusFlorentino，whohasbeendrivingfortherideservicefornearlythreeyears.Fourhourslater，thesisters5.____________(make)ittotheiraunt'spartyinFlorentino'scar.Afterdroppingoffthesisters，Florentinomadethe200milereturntrip.Nobodyneeded6.____________ridebacktoMinneapolis，sohehadtospendthenextfourhoursallby7.____________(he)．ThesistersreallyappreciatedJesus'kindnessand8.____________(consider)．KerryevensharedtheirexperiencewiththeUberdriveronlineand9.____________(public)thankedhim.TheUberdriverwasjusthappythatthesistersgotthereintime.“Anyone10.____________mypositionwouldhavedonethesame，”hesaid.[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。一对姐妹急着去200英里外的姑姑家参加姑姑的生日宴，优步网约车司机JesusFlorentino接到了这个订单，将她们安全地送到了目的地。1．解析：主语flight是谓语动词动作的承受者，故用被动语态；这里说的是过去发生的事，故用一般过去时。答案：wascanceled\n2．解析：notexpectinganyonefromtherideserviceappwould...是现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随情况，分词动作与逻辑主语Kerry之间是主动关系。答案：expecting3．解析：修饰先行词theMinnesotanursinghome，关系词在定语从句中作状语，故填where。答案：where4．解析：分析句子结构可知，此处应用过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰aman。答案：named5．解析：这里说的是过去发生的事，故用一般过去时。答案：made6．解析：这里表示泛指，故用不定冠词，且ride的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。答案：a7．解析：byoneself表示“独自地，单独地”。答案：himself8．解析：空格中所填单词与and前的kindness为并列关系，故填consider的名词形式。答案：consideration9．解析：空格中所填单词在句中修饰谓语动词，故填public的副词形式。答案：publicly10．解析：inone'sposition表示“在某人的位置”。答案：in