2023高考英语二轮复习增分强化练十八阅读理解+阅读七选五+语法填空含解析202303171207

增分强化练(十八)　阅读理解×2＋阅读七选五＋语法填空(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解ALuxurySpaceHotelPromisesGuestsATrulyOutOfThisWorldVacationLookingforatrulyoutofthisworldvacation?Thenyouareinluck!OnThursday,April5,TexasbasedstartupOrionSpanannouncedtheyweretakingreservationsforAurora(极光)Station,theworld'sfirstluxuryhotelinspace,whichisexpectedtolaunchin2021andbeginwelcomingvisitorsby2022.Thepillshapedspacestation,whichbeganconstructionin2019,willmeasure43.5feetlongand14.1feetwide—aboutthesizeofalargeprivatejet'scabin—whencompleted.Itwillaccommodatefourguestsintwoprivatesuites(套房)andtwocrewmembers,mostlikelyformerastronauts.Flyingabout200milesaboveEarth,AuroraStationwillcircletheplanetonceevery90minutes,enablinggueststoenjoy16spectacularsunrisesandsunsetsdaily,aswellasscoresofthebreathtakingnorthernandsouthernaurorasthatthehotelisnamedafter.Whileadmiringthebeautyofourplanet,touristscaneatnonastronautfoodanddrinksorentertainthemselveswithplayingcards.Thosehopingtodosomethingmoreworthwhilewillbeabletoengageinastronautlikeexperimentssuchasgrowingfoodinaspecialenvironment.TheWiFienabledspacecraftwillmakeiteasyforgueststosharetheirexperienceswithfriendsandfamilymembersonEarth.Attheendoftheweekandhalflongvacation,returningguestswillbetreatedtoaspecial“hero'swelcome”，similartotheoneexperiencedbyastronautsreturningfromarealmission.Beforetheonceinalifetimetrip,guestswillhavetoundergothethreemonthlongspecialtraininglearninghowtomoveinaweightlessenvironment,alongwiththebasicsofspaceflightandorbitalmechanics.Also,beforeyoustartpackingyourbags,youwillhavetopay$9.5millionforthe12dayroundtripvacation.Whileseveralcompaniesareplanningtobuildhotelsinspace,OrionSpanhopestotransformsectionsofusedrocketsfloatinginspaceintohotelrooms,insteadofcrowdingthealreadymessyskieswithadditionalmanmadeobjects.　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。总部位于得克萨斯州的初创公司Orion\nSpan宣布，他们正在为世界上第一家太空豪华酒店AuroraStation(极光站)做准备，预计2021年发射升空，2022年开始迎接游客。1．WhatcanbelearnedaboutAuroraStation?A．Peoplecanvisititnow.B．Itsconstructionwilllastforabout5years.C．Itcanonlyholdfourpeopleinthisstation.D．Itlookslikeapillwiththesizeofasmallplane.解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“Thepillshapedspacestation,whichbeganconstructionin2019,willmeasure43.5feetlongand14.1feetwide—aboutthesizeofalargeprivatejet'scabin—whencompleted.Itwillaccommodatefourguestsintwoprivatesuitesandtwocrewmembers,mostlikelyformerastronauts.(这座药丸形状的空间站于2019年开始建造，长43.5英尺，宽14.1英尺，大约相当于一架大型私人飞机机舱的大小。它将在两间私人套房内容纳四名客人和两名机组人员，很可能是前宇航员)”可知，AuroraStation看起来像一架小飞机大小的药丸。故选D项。答案：D2．WhyisthestationnamedAuroraStation?A．BecausethehotelislitupbytheaurorasoftheEarth.B．Becausethestationwillgiveoffauroraswhiletraveling.C．BecauseguestscanenjoyfantasticaurorasoftheEarth.D．BecausethestationwillrunaroundtheaurorasoftheEarth.解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“Flyingabout200milesaboveEarth,AuroraStationwillcircletheplanetonceevery90minutes,enablinggueststoenjoy16spectacularsunrisesandsunsetsdaily,aswellasscoresofthebreathtakingnorthernandsouthernaurorasthatthehotelisnamedafter.(极光站在地球上空约200英里处航行，每90分钟环绕地球一圈，客人每天可以欣赏16次壮观的日出和日落，以及数十次令人惊叹的南北极光，酒店以极光来命名的)”可知，命名为极光站是因为客人可以欣赏到奇妙的地球极光。故选C项。答案：C3．Whatcanguestsdoinaspacehotel?A．Communicatewiththeirfamily.B．Enjoyastronautfoodanddrinks.C．Cookmealsliketheyareathome.D．Receivewelcomeasarealhero.解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的“TheWiFienabledspacecraftwillmakeiteasy\nforgueststosharetheirexperienceswithfriendsandfamilymembersonEarth.(这艘支持WiFi的太空船将使客人更容易与地球上的朋友和家人分享他们的经历)”可知，在太空酒店，客人可以和他们的家人交流。故选A项。答案：A4．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Thereislittleroomforpeopletoliveontheearth.B．Toomanyspacecraftshavearousedpeople'sconcern.C．Spacehotelswillbenecessaryinthenearfuture.D．Usedrocketsfloatinginspaceareeasytoberecycled.解析：推理判断题。由最后一段“Whileseveralcompaniesareplanningtobuildhotelsinspace,OrionSpanhopestotransformsectionsofusedrocketsfloatinginspaceintohotelrooms,insteadofcrowdingthealreadymessyskieswithadditionalmanmadeobjects.(虽然有几家公司正计划在太空中建造酒店，OrionSpan希望将漂浮在太空中的二手火箭部分改造成酒店客房，而不是用额外的人造物体挤满已经凌乱不堪的天空)”可推断出，太空中有太多的太空飞行器，这些东西引起了人们的关注。故选B项。答案：BBAtsomepointinelementaryschool,yourscienceteachermayexplaintoyouthatthereare365daysinayearbecausethat'showlongittakesforEarthtocompleteonefulljourneyaroundthesun.Whattheymightnothaveexplained,however,isthatit'snotexactly365days—it'sactuallycloserto365.2421days.So,ifwewantourcalendaryeartobeginrightwhenEarthbeginsanewturnaroundthesun,wehavetoaccountforroughlyanextraquarterofadayeachyear,oronedayeveryfouryears.History.comreportsthattheEgyptianshadalreadybeendoingthisforawhilebeforeEuropefinallycaughtonin46BC,whenRomanEmperorJuliusCaesarandastronomerSosigenesput_their_heads_togethertocomeupwithwhatwenowcalltheJuliancalendar,whichincludes12months,365days,andanadditional“leapday”everyfouryearsonFebruary29.Butrounding0.2421upto0.25eachyearcreatedanissue,becauseitdidn'tquiteadduptoafulldayeveryfouryears—andthattinydifferencemeantthatafter128years,thecalendaryearendedupstartingadaybeforeEarthhadcompleteditsjourneyaroundthesun.Bythe14thcentury,thecalendaryearwasstarting10daysbeforeEarthfinisheditsorbit.In1582,PopeGregorysoughttocorrecttheerrorbysuggestingthatwesimply\nskipaleapdayeverysooften.HisGregoriancalendar,whichwestillusetoday,rulesthatweskiptheleapdayduringyearswhichcanbeevenlydivided(被整除)by100butnotby400.Forinstance,theyear2000includedaleapdaybecauseitcanbedividedby100and400;theyear2100,ontheotherhand,willnotincludealeapday,sinceit'sevenlydividedby100,butnotby400.GregoryⅧ'scorrectiontoCaesar'sovercorrectionisitselfabitofanundercorrection,sowe'llprobablyneedtoreevaluateourleapdaydesignagaininabout10,000years.[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章以日历年365天和实际地球绕太阳的时间不符的话题为切入点，介绍了不同时期的一些统治者或者天文学家计算闰日的方法，以及计算方法可能会随着时间的流逝而改变。目的是说明闰日被需要的原因。5．WhatdotheunderlinedwordsputtheirheadstogetherinParagraph2mean?A．Comeacrosseachother.B．Bumptheirheadstogether.C．Competeagainsteachother.D．Combinetheirefforts.解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段的“History.comreportsthattheEgyptianshadalreadybeendoingthisforawhilebeforeEuropefinallycaughtonin46BC,whenRomanEmperorJuliusCaesarandastronomerSosigenesputtheirheadstogethertocomeupwithwhatwenowcalltheJuliancalendar(History.com报道说在欧洲最终在公园前46年开始使用闰日之前，埃及人已经这样好一段时间了，那时罗马的统治者恺撒和天文学家Sosigenesputtheirheadstogether想出了我们今天所称的公历)”尤其是“comeupwithwhatwenowcalltheJuliancalendar”推测画线部分的意思是“共同努力”。D项“Combinetheirefforts.(联合他们的努力)”符合以上说法，故选D项。答案：D6．AccordingtoGregoriancalendar,whichyearmayincludealeapday?A．2100.　　　　　　B．1600.C．1800.D．2020.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“Forinstance,theyear2000includedaleapdaybecauseitcanbedividedby100and400(例如，2000年包含一个闰日，因为它可以被100和400同时整除)”可知，能够被100和400同时整除的年份包含一个闰日。B选项的1600年可以同时被它们整除，故该年包含一个闰日。故选B项。答案：B7．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?\nA．EmperorJuliusCaesarwasalsoanastronomer.B．Today'scalendarexactlyagreeswiththesun'sturning.C．The10dayearlystartincalendarwillalwaysexist.D．TheGregoriancalendarisnotyetthemostaccurate.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的“GregoryⅧ'scorrectiontoCaesar'sovercorrectionisitselfabitofanundercorrection,sowe'llprobablyneedtoreevaluateourleapdaydesignagaininabout10,000years.(教皇8世格里高历对恺撒公历的纠正本身就是一种有待改正，所以我们可能需要在10000年以后重新评估我们的闰日设计)”可推测，格里高历也不是最准确的。D项“TheGregoriancalendarisnotyetthemostaccurate.(格里高历也不是最准确的)”符合以上说法，故选D项。答案：D8．What'sthepurposeofthispassage?A．Topointoutamistakemadebyyourscienceteacher.B．ToexplainhowlongEarthmakesatriparoundthesun.C．Toexplainindetailwhytheleapdayisneeded.D．Toexplainthereasonwhyweneedacalendar.解析：写作意图题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第二段的“So,ifwewantourcalendaryeartobeginrightwhenEarthbeginsanewturnaroundthesun,wehavetoaccountforroughlyanextraquarterofadayeachyear,oronedayeveryfouryears.(因此，如果我们想让我们的日历年恰好从地球绕太阳转一圈的时候开始，我们就会每年多出四分之一天，或者每四年多出一天)”和最后一段的“GregoryⅧ'scorrectiontoCaesar'sovercorrectionisitselfabitofanundercorrection,sowe'llprobablyneedtoreevaluateourleapdaydesignagaininabout10,000years.(教皇8世格里高历对恺撒公历的纠正本身就是一种有待改正，所以我们可能会需要在10000年以后重新评估我们的闰日设计)”可知，本文以日历年365天和实际地球绕太阳的时间不符的话题为切入点，介绍了不同时期的一些统治者或者天文学家计算闰日的方法，以及计算方法可能会随着时间的流逝而改变。由此推测本文的目的是，详细地解释为什么我们需要闰日。C项“Toexplainindetailwhytheleapdayisneeded.(为了详细介绍为什么闰日被需要)”符合以上说法，故选C项。答案：CⅡ.阅读七选五Nowitisthetimetosetyourresolutions.Asyouheadintoalmostawholeyear,yourfirststepistobelieveyoucandoit.Here'showtoprepareyourselfeffectively.　1　Eatingbetterandexercisingmoreareallniceideas,butthey'retoogeneral\nanddon'tgiveyouaplanofaction.Peopleoftenlackmotivationwhentheproblemisreallyalackofclarity.Ifyouwanttoeatbetter,bespecific:Resolvetoaddafruitorvegetabletoyourluncheveryday,limitfastfoodtoonceperweek,orhavedessertonceaweek.Makeitpossible　2　.Toeatbetter,putthatbowloffruitrightnexttoyourlunchbag,soyougrabanappleororangeeveryday.Toexercisemore,youmightwanttorunmore.Butifyou'reanightperson,don'tmakeitharderonyourselfbytryingtoruneverymorningbeforework.　3　.AllowyourselftofailEveryonehasoccasionalslips.　4　.71%ofsuccessfulresolverssaytheirfirstfailurestrengthenedtheirefforts.Learntorefusesomethingannoyingunderhighpressure.Evenpeoplewhodon'tlikeapplepiestilleatitwhenofferedpolitely.Instead,say“No,thanks.”Ifyoudoslip,focusongettingbackontrack,nottheslip.SetyourselfupforsuccessDoyoutrytostayoffyourphone?Getitoutofyourbedroombyusingastandardalarmclock.Onealarmclockonlycosts$6now.Ifyouwanttolimitsweets,getthemoutofyourhouse.Doyouwanttoreducebreaks？　5　.A．SpeakittoyourfriendsB．MakeitasspecificaspossibleC．Stayawayfromyourwork'srestroomD．Instead,doitafteryoufinishyourworkE．Butdon'tlettheoccasionsoccupyyourtrackF．ProveittoyourselfwithsmallwinsovertimeG．Avoidresolutionsthatsoundgreatbutareunattainable答案：1.B　2.G　3.D　4.E　5.CⅢ.语法填空Ascountriesandregionsacrosstheglobeareleftdealing1.withthecoronaviruscrisis,mostpeoplearenot2.satisfied(satisfy)withtheirleaders'responsetotheoutbreak,accordingtoanewreport.Citizensfromjust7outof23countriesandregionsratetheirgovernments'3.measures(measure)asbroadlypositive,4.based(base)onthe“GlobalCrisisPerceptions”index.Theresearch,5.whichsurveyedapproximately12,500people\nacross23countriesandregionsbetweenApril3and19,6.asked(ask)respondentstoratetheircountriesandregionsacrossfourkeyindicators:politicalleadership,corporateleadership,communityandmedia.Chinaranked7.highest(high)inthecitizens'survey,withascoreof85outof100.Theworld'ssecondlargesteconomywasfollowedbyVietnam(77),theUnitedArabEmirates(59)andIndia(59),in8.alistwhichsawAsiancountriesandregionstakethetopspots.9．WhatissurprisingisthatonlyoneWesterncountry—NewZealand(56)—scoredhigherthantheglobalaverageof45.Australia,theUS,andallfourwestern10.European(Europe)countriessurveyed—Germany,theUK,ItalyandFrance—allrankedbelowtheglobalaverage.