2023高考英语二轮复习增分强化练十二阅读理解+语法填空+短文改错+书面表达含解析202303171208

增分强化练(十二)　阅读理解×2＋语法填空＋短文改错＋书面表达(限时60分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解AFromMozarttoMetallica,tonsofpeopleenjoylisteningtovarioustypesofmusicwhiletheypaint,write,ordraw.Manybelievethatmusichelpsinspirecreativity,butaninternationalstudyconductedbyEnglishandSwedishresearchersischallengingthatidea.PsychologistsfromLancasterUniversity,TheUniversityofGavle,andTheUniversityofCentralLancashiresaythattheirfindingsindicatemusicactuallypreventscreativity.Tocometotheirconclusions,researchershadparticipantscompleteverbalinsight(洞察)problemsdesignedtoinspirecreativitywhilesittinginaquietroom,andthenagainwhilemusicplayedinthebackground.Theyfoundthatbackgroundmusic“significantlyimpaired(削弱)”theparticipants'abilitytocompletetasksassociatedwithverbalcreativity.Theresearchteamalsotestedbackgroundnoisessuchasthosecommonlyheardinalibrary,butfoundthatsuchnoiseshadnoimpactonsubjects'creativity.Thetasksweresimplewordgames.Forexample,participantsweregiventhreewords,suchasdress,dial,andflower.Then,theywereaskedtofindasinglewordassociatedwithallthreethatcouldbecombinedtoformacommonphraseorword.Thesingleword,inthiscase,wouldbe“sun”(sundress,sunflower,etc.)．Participantscompletedthetasksineitheraquietroom,orwhileexposedtothreedifferenttypesofmusic;musicwithunfamiliarlyrics,instrumentalmusic,ormusicwithfamiliarlyrics.“Wefoundstrongevidenceofimpairedperformancewhenplayingbackgroundmusicincomparisontoquietbackgroundconditions，”sayscoauthorDr.NeilMcLatchieofLancasterUniversity.Dr.McLatchieandhiscolleaguestheorizethatmusicinterferes(干扰)withtheverbalworkingmemoryprocessesofthebrain,preventingcreativity.Also,asfarasthelibrarybackgroundnoisehavingseeminglynoeffect,thestudy'sauthorsbelievethatwasthecasebecauselibrarynoisescreatea“steadystate”environmentthatdoesn'tpreventconcentration.It'sworthmentioningthatevenfamiliarmusicwithwellknownlyricsimpaired\nparticipantscreativity,regardlessofwhetherornotitproducedapositivereaction,orwhetherparticipantstypicallystudiedorcreatedwhilelisteningtomusic.“Toconclude,thefindingsherechallengethepopularviewthatmusicinspirescreativity,andinsteadshowthatmusic,regardlessofthepresenceofsemantic(语义的)content(nolyrics,familiarlyricsorunfamiliarlyrics),alwayspreventcreativeperformanceininsightproblemsolving，”thestudyreads.[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。普遍的观点认为音乐有助于激发创造力，但研究表明，背景音乐会阻碍人们的创造力。1．Whatconclusioncanmostprobablybedrawnfromthispassage?A．Backgroundmusicinspirescreativity.B．Backgroundmusicimpairscreativity.C．Backgroundnoiseshavebadinfluenceoncreativity.D．Differentmusichasdifferenteffectsoncreativity.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“theirfindingsindicatemusicactuallypreventscreativity(他们的发现表明音乐实际上会抑制创造力)”和第三段中“Theyfoundthatbackgroundmusic‘significantlyimpaired’theparticipants'abilitytocompletetasksassociatedwithverbalcreativity.(他们发现背景音乐‘严重削弱’参与者完成与语言创造力有关任务的能力)”可知，背景音乐会阻碍人们的创造力。故选B项。答案：B2．Theparticipantswereaskedto________.A．dosomereadinginalibraryB．designsomeverbalinsightproblemsC．dosomewordgamesD．listentosomebackgroundmusic解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中描述的实验过程“Thetasksweresimplewordgames.Forexample,participantsweregiventhreewords,suchasdress,dial,andflower.Then,theywereaskedtofindasinglewordassociatedwithallthreethatcouldbecombinedtoformacommonphraseorword.(参与者需要完成的任务是一些简单的文字游戏。例如，给参与者三个单词，如裙子、表盘和花。然后，他们被要求找到一个与这三个词相关的单词，这三个词都可以与其组合成一个常见短语或单词)可知，在实验中，要求参与者做一些文字游戏。故选C项。答案：C3．Whycan'ttheparticipantsperformwell?A．Becausethemusicpreventsconcentration.\nB．Becausetheyaren'tfamiliarwithmusic.C．Becausethetasksaretoochallenging.D．Becausethebackgroundisnotcreative.解析：细节理解题。第七段中提到“Wefoundstrongevidenceofimpairedperformancewhenplayingbackgroundmusicincomparisontoquietbackgroundconditions(有证据表明，与安静的环境相比，播放背景音乐会影响人的表现)”以及第八段中“Dr.McLatchieandhiscolleaguestheorizethatmusicinterfereswiththeverbalworkingmemoryprocessesofthebrain,preventingcreativity.(McLatchie博士和他的同事认为，音乐干扰了大脑的语言工作记忆过程，阻碍了创造力)”可知，参与者表现不好是因为背景音乐影响了他们的注意力的集中。故选A项。答案：A4．WhichoftheconnectionsaboutbackgroundmusicwiththeirlearningeffectsisTRUE?A．Themusicwithapositivereactionhasapositiveeffect.B．Theeffectsdependonthecontentsofmusic.C．Quietmusicdoesgoodtolearningeffects.D．Allbackgroundmusicisbadforlearningeffects.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“thefindingshere...insteadshowthatmusic...alwayspreventcreativeperformanceininsightproblemsolving(这些发现反而证明了……音乐总是会干扰人们解决洞察力问题时创造力的表现)”可知，所有的背景音乐对学习效果都有不好的影响。故选D项。答案：DBAnewJapaneseresearchhassuggestedthatregularlyeatingmushroomscouldhelplowertheriskofcancer.Theresearchersfoundthatthemenwhoconsumedmushroomsonceortwiceaweekhadan8percentlowerriskofdevelopingcancer,regardlessofhowmuchfruitandvegetables,ormeatanddairyproductstheyate—comparedtothosewhoatemushroomslessthanonceperweek.Eatingmushroomsmoreoftenappearedtobringevenbiggerbenefits,withthosewhoconsumedmushroomsthreeormoretimesperweekshowinga17percentlowerriskthanthosewhoatemushroomslessthanonceaweek.Eatingmushroomsalsoappearedtobeparticularlybeneficialamongthosewhoatealargeamountofmeatanddairyproducts,littlefruitandfewvegetables.Thefindings,publishedintheInternationalJournalofCancer,arethefirsttosuggestthatthere\nmaybeanassociationbetweeneatingmushroomsandalowerriskofcancer.“Testtubestudiesandstudiesconductedonlivingorganismshaveshownthatmushroomshavethepotentialtopreventcancer，”saidleadresearcherShuZhang.“Tothebestofourknowledge,thisisthefirststudyindicatingthecancerpreventivepotentialofmushroomsatapopulationlevel，”Zhangaddedthat,“mushroomsareagoodsourceofvitamins,mineralsandantioxidants,especiallyLergothioneine，”whichisbelievedtohelpfightagainststress,andthatiscellimbalancecausedbylifestylechoicessuchaspoordietsandexposuretoenvironmentalpoisons.Thisimbalancecanleadtochronicinflammation,_resultinginchronicdiseasessuchascancer.“ConsideringtheaverageAmericanconsumeslessthan5gramsofmushroomsperday,whichislowerthanthatconsumedbytheparticipantsinthisstudy(7.6g/day),onewouldexpectthatevenasmallincreaseinmushroomconsumptioncanofferpotentialhealthbenefits，”saidZhang.However,Zhangaddedthat,“Althoughourstudysuggestsregularconsumptionofmushroomsmayreducetheriskofcancer,wealsowanttoemphasizethateatingahealthyandbalanceddietismuchmoreimportantthanfillingyourshoppingbasketwithmushrooms.”[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项最新的日本研究：有规律的吃蘑菇可以帮助降低癌症风险。5．WhatisthenewJapaneseresearchabout?A．Healthylifestylereducestheriskofcancer.B．Ofteneatingmushroomsreducestheriskofcancer.C．Drinkingdairyproductsisgoodforourhealth.D．Eatingfruitandvegetablesmakesushealthier.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“AnewJapaneseresearchhassuggestedthatregularlyeatingmushroomscouldhelplowertheriskofcancer.(一项新的日本研究表明有规律的吃蘑菇可以帮助降低癌症风险)”可知，新的日本研究发现多吃蘑菇减少患癌症风险。故选B。答案：B6．Whoseemtoespeciallybenefitfromeatingmushrooms?A．Peoplewhoareoverfatandhavingapoordiet.B．Peoplewhoarefeelingoverstressed.C．Peoplewhoconsumemuchmeatbutfewvegetablesandlittlefruit.D．Peoplewhoconsumemanydairyproductsandsuffercancer.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Eatingmushroomsalsoappearedtobeparticularly\nbeneficialamongthosewhoatealargeamountofmeatanddairyproducts,littlefruitandfewvegetables.”可知，吃蘑菇对于那些吃很多肉但是很少蔬菜和水果的人有益。故选C。答案：C7．Whycanthemushroomhelpreducetheriskofcancer?A．Itavoidsthestressfromadisease.B．Itreducesenvironmentalpoisons.C．Ithelpsreduceweight.D．Ithasasourceofcancerpreventive.解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“Tothebestofourknowledge,thisisthefirststudyindicatingthecancerpreventivepotentialofmushroomsatapopulationlevel(据我们所知，这是第一项显示蘑菇的预防癌症潜力的研究)”可知，蘑菇含有防癌的来源。故选D。答案：D8．Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinflammationprobablymeans?A．Astateofbeingphysicallyhealthy.B．Astateofkeepingbodybalance.C．Aphysicalconditionthatsomeoneneedstobeonadiet.D．Aconditionthatapartofthebodybecomesred,soreandswollen.解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段“Thisimbalancecanleadtochronicinflammation,resultinginchronicdiseasessuchascancer.(这种不平衡会导致慢性炎症，结果是慢性疾病，例如癌症)”可知，画线词是不平衡导致的，用排除法得知A项(身体健康状况)，B项(保持身体平衡状态)和C项(某人需要节食的身体状况)都不符合癌症的特征。D项(一个身体部分变红、变疼变肿胀的状况)是炎症的症状。故选D。答案：DⅡ.语法填空Chinawillbecomestrongerfromthecoronavirus(冠状病毒)challenge,expertssaidataconferenceonTuesday,while1.praising(praise)China'seffortstostoptheimpactoftheCOVID19epidemic(传染病)．Speakingattheconference2.titled(title)“BattlingCoronavirus，”SumitMullick,chiefinformationcommissionerofIndia'ssouthwesternstateofMaharashtra,saidthatChinahascreatedanewcriterioninaddressingaheathissuebyquarantining(隔离)Wuhan.“Thecoronavirusdoesnotunderstandorrespectborders.Itdoesnotneedavisa\norpassport.”Mullicksaid.“Challengesare3.truly(true)inglobalinnature.”However,Chineselabshavequicklydecodedthecoronavirusandshareditwiththeworld，4.whicharenowworkingonanewvaccine,hesaid.R．N.Bhaskar,aseniorjournalistandconsultingeditorwithIndianEnglishnewspaperFreePressJournal,saidChinaisdoingallitcan5.to_contain(contain)thespreadofthevirusandcreateavaccine.“As6.averybigplayerintheglobaleconomy,therewillbenegativeimpact7.ontheChineseeconomyforatemporaryperiod.However,thankstotheswiftresponsestothevirusoutbreak,theChineseeconomywillovercomethiscrisisandbecomestronger，”headded.Healthofficialsattheconferencealsolistedthesteps8.taken(take)tofightthevirusandsharedtheirexperiencesinfightingmisinformationandraising9.awareness(aware)amongthepublicatlarge.Theevent10.was_organized(organize)jointlybytheObserverResearchFoundation,athinktankbody,alongwiththeChineseConsulateGeneralinMumbai.Ⅲ.短文改错OntheafternoonofMay25th,acharitysaleheldbytheStudents'Uniononourschoolplayground.Inordertokeepeverythingorganized,wemadefullypreparations.Beforethesale,fromthestudentwecollectedvarioususedbooksandsecondhandgoodswhichwerestillinagoodcondition.Thenweclassifythem.Whenthedaycame,studentsandteachersbothcameandtookanactivepartinit.Intheendoftheactivity,weraised5,000yuanintotal.Allthemoneywhichweraisedwillbesenttothestudentsfrompoorfamiliesinourschooltohelpfinishingtheirstudies.It'ssuchmeaningfulanactivitythatstudentsarealllookingforwardtothenextcharitysale.[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述学校学生会组织的一次慈善销售活动，筹集资金给贫困学生。1．解析：考查动词的时态和语态。held作谓语动词，与主语acharitysale是逻辑上的动宾关系，用被动语态，根据时间状语ontheafternoonofMay25th可知，时态用一般过去时，且主语是第三人称单数。故held前加was。答案：第一句held前加was2．解析：考查形容词。修饰名词preparations，用形容词。故将fully改为full。答案：第二句fully→full\n3．解析：考查名词的单复数。句意：在销售之前，我们从学生那里收集了各种旧书和二手物品，这些物品仍然处于良好的状态。根据句意，此处指不止一个学生，故用复数。故将student改为students。答案：第三句student→students4．解析：考查固定搭配。ingoodcondition“情况良好；状态良好”是固定短语。故去掉in后的a。答案：第三句去掉a5．解析：考查动词的时态。文章讲述过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时。故将classify改为classified。答案：第四句classify→classified6．解析：考查代词。此处指代studentsandteachers，指代三者或三者以上用不定代词all，both指代两者。故将both改为all。答案：第五句both→all7．解析：考查固定搭配。attheendof...“在……结束时”是固定短语，intheend“最后；终于”是固定短语，此处表示“在活动结束时”。故将In改为At。答案：第六句In→At8．解析：考查定语从句的引导词。先行词由all修饰，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词that，不用which。故将which改为that。答案：第七句which→that9．解析：考查非谓语动词。help后接动词不定式作宾语，to可以省略。故将finishing改为finish。答案：第七句finishing→finish10．解析：考查副词。修饰形容词meaningful用副词作状语，such“如此的”是形容词，修饰名词，so“如此”是副词，修饰形容词作状语。故将such改为so。答案：第八句such→soⅣ.书面表达假定你是李华，你收到英国网友Mary的一封来信，询问爱好方面的问题。请根据以下提示回信。内容包括：1．人人都需要有爱好；2．拥有良好爱好的益处；3．谈谈你自己的爱好及原因。注意：1．词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。\nDearMary，_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours，LiHua[参考范文]Dear_Mary，Iamverygladtohearfromyou.Everybodyofusneedstohaveahobby.Sports,music,traveling,readingandevencookingcanbeenjoyedaslongasweloveit.Actually,hobbiesareforthepurposeofresistingboringtimeinourdailylife.Accordingtoastudy,spendingtimeonyourownhobbiesleadstomorefocusandmoreefficientinyourstudyorwork.Ahobbyfuelsyouextraenergyandexcitement.Ifindthatwhenyouaredoingyourhobby,creativitymaybecomestoyouunexpectedly.Asforme,myfavoriteiscooking.StudentasIam,Ithinkitisagreatenjoymentforme.Yours，Li_Hua