2023高考英语二轮复习增分强化练十九阅读理解+阅读七选五+完形填空+短文改错含解析202303171209

增分强化练(十九)　阅读理解＋阅读七选五＋完形填空＋短文改错(限时40分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解Itdoesn'ttakedecadesoflifeexperiencetohaveagreatidea,asmanyoftheseyounginventorshaveproved.TheElectronicTelevisionTheelectronictelevisionwasfirstdesignedbya14yearoldkidin1920.PhiloTaylorFarnsworthsharedhisconceptofanimagetransmitting(影像传送)device,anearlydesignoftheelectronictelevision,withhisscienceteacher,drawingdiagramsonseveralblackboardsinclass.Bytheageof21Farnsworthhadaworkingmodelwhichservedasabasistoalllaterdevelopmentandversionsofelectronictelevisions.Afterdiscoveringacollectionoftechnologymagazinesintheattic(阁楼)ofhisfamily'snewhome,hedevelopedapassionandinterestinelectronics,whichledhimtoexploreinventionsinthefieldof,specifically,theimagetransmission.In1927,afewyearsoutofhighschool,Farnsworthwasthefirstinventortotransmitatelevisionimageofadollarsign,composedof60horizontallines.BrailleLanguageLouisBraillesufferedaseriouseyeinjurywhenhewasjust3yearsold.Notonlydidtheaccidentcausehimblindnessonthatside,buttheinfectionspreadandblindedtheothereyeaswell.Aftermorethanadecadeofstrugglingwiththeslowsystemoftracinghisfingeroverraisedletters,Braillewas12whenhelearnedofamethodofsilentcommunicationoriginallycreatedfortheFrenchmilitary.Hesimplifiedit,andin1824theBraillelanguagewasborn.Popsicles(冰棍)Alotofkidsareeasilydistracted(分散注意力)—andthankstotheshortattentionspanof11yearoldFrankEpperson,wenowhavepopsicles.In1905,Epperson,aSanFrancisconative,wasstirringpowdereddrinkmixintoacupofwaterwhensomethingelsecaughthisattention.Themixturewasforgottenoutsidethedoor,andwhenEppersonrediscoveredthedrinkinthemorning,itwasadeliciouslyportablefrozenpopsicle.Afteryearsofmakingthefrozentreatsforfriends,andeventuallyhisownchildren,Eppersonfiledforapatentin1924.[语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三个由年轻男孩发明的东西。1．WhocontributedhisintelligencetotheinventionofTV?\nA．PhiloTaylorFarnsworth.B．Farnsworth'sscienceteacher.C．LouisBraille.D．Epperson.解析：细节理解题。根据TheElectronicTelevision部分的“Theelectronictelevisionwasfirstdesignedbya14yearoldkidin1920.PhiloTaylorFarnsworthsharedhisconceptofanimagetransmittingdevice,anearlydesignoftheelectronictelevision(1920年，一个14岁的孩子首次设计了电子电视。PhiloTaylorFarnsworth分享了他关于影像传送设备的概念，这是一个早期的电视设计)”和“In1927，afewyearsoutofhighschool，Farnsworthwasthefirstinventortotransmitatelevisionimageofadollarsign,composedof60horizontallines.(1927年，高中毕业没几年，Farnsworth是第一个把美元符号传输到电视上的发明家)”可知，PhiloTaylorFarnsworth致力于电视的发明。故选A项。答案：A2．Whichinventionwasaccidentallymadebecauseofpoorconcentration?A．TheElectronicTelevision.B．TheBrailleLanguage.C．DollarSign.D．Popsicles.解析：细节理解题。根据Popsicles部分的“Alotofkidsareeasilydistracted—andthankstotheshortattentionspanof11yearoldFrankEpperson，wenowhavepopsicles.(很多孩子都容易分散注意力——由于11岁的FrankEpperson缺乏注意力，我们现在有了冰棍)”可知，冰棍是因为一个孩子缺乏注意力而产生的。故选D项。答案：D3．Whatdothethreeinventionshaveincommon?A．Theywerealldesignedforthesakeofkids.B．Theywereallmadebyyoungboys.C．Theywereallmadeinthe20thcentury.D．Theywereallcreatedwithinafewyears.解析：细节理解题。根据TheElectronicTelevision部分的“Theelectronictelevisionwasfirstdesignedbya14yearoldkidin1920.(1920年，一个14岁的孩子首次设计了电子电视)”，BrailleLanguage部分的“Braillewas12whenhelearnedofamethodofsilentcommunicationoriginallycreatedfortheFrenchmilitary.Hesimplifiedit,andin1824theBraillelanguagewas\nborn(直到12岁，他才学会了一种最初为法国军队发明的无声交流方法。他简化了它，1824年，布莱叶盲文诞生了)”和Popsicles部分的“Alotofkidsareeasilydistracted—andthankstotheshortattentionspanof11yearoldFrankEpperson，wenowhavepopsicles.(很多孩子都容易分散注意力——由于11岁的FrankEpperson缺乏注意力，我们现在有了冰棍)”可知，这三项发明的共同之处是它们都是由年轻男孩发明的。故选B项。答案：BⅡ.阅读七选五Taketimeoffschool,becauseyourbodywillfightoffthecoldvirusbetterifitiswellrested.However,ifyouhavetogo,avoidclosecontactwithyourclassmates.　1　Meanwhile,washyourhandsasfrequentlyaspossible.Nonsedating(非镇静)allergymedicine,whichyoucanbuyfromachemist,caneasetheproblemsofarunnynoseandwateryeyes.Assoonasyoufeelacoldcomingon,drinkplentyofliquid.Waterorjuiceisidealbuthotherbalteaswithlemonwillhelpthinstickysubstanceandremoveitfromthebody.Awarmgarglewithsaltwaterwillmakeyourthroatmorecomfortablebyreducingtheswelling.　2　　3　Breathinginsteamoverabowlofhotwaterhelpsalot,too.Foraviolentcough,thelatestresearchsuggeststhathoney,eitherstraightfromajarormixedwithahotdrink,worksaswellifnotbetterthancostlysprays.Agooddietisalsoessentialforaquickrecovery,sostartthedaywithahealthybreakfastincludingvitaminCintheformoffreshfruit.　4　Fordinner,easilydigestedsolidfoodisrecommended,suchasriceporridgemadewithvegetablesoreggs.　5　Itnotonlymakesyouphysicallystronger,butenhancesyouremotionalwellbeing.Justremembernottoattemptanythingthatrequiresalotofeffortsorstrength.Finally,torechargeyourbodyandregainyourstrength,youneedafulleighthours'sleep.A．Besides,alittlelightexerciseisbeneficialaswell.B．Asweknow,theviruscanbespreadeasilyfromonepersontoanother.C．Thename“cold”cameintouseinthe16thcenturyduetocoldweather.D．Thewarmairgeneratedbyahotshowerorbathwillhelpclearblockednoses.E．Signsandsymptomsmayappearlessthantwodaysafterexposuretothevirus.\nF．Forlunch,chickennoodlesoupisgoodsinceithelpsblockcellsthatcausecoughing.G．Italsowashesoutbacteriaandvirusessoitcanbeusedasapreventivemeasureaswell.答案：1.B　2.G　3.D　4.F　5.AⅢ.完形填空WhenmyroommatesandIleftcampusforspringbreak,wetoldeachotherwe'dbebacksoon.Littledidwe__1__thatwithinthenextthreedays,“soon”wouldbecome“whoknowswhen”.Stuckathomefromcollege,wefeltfilledwithastrong__2__todosomethingtohelp,but__3__aboutwhatwecoulddo.Eversincethecoronavirusoutbreak__4__，wefoundourselves__5__bystoriesoffrontlineworkerswhoremainedattheirpostsandyettheircallsfor__6__tobasicnecessitieswereoverlooked.__7__，theproblemstheywerefacing__8__fromdailysupplies.JustbeforemidnightonApril8,we__9__GiveEssential,anonlinematchingplatformwherefrontlineworkerscantelluswhat__10__theyneed,and__11__telluswhattheycangive.Andthenwecreate__12__basedontheirbestfitneedsanddonations,withthingsdirectlysenttotheseworkers.Aftergluedtoourscreensfor36hoursandbuildingawebsitefromscratch,wepostedthe__13__onFacebook,totelleveryoneweknewaboutGiveEssential.Within24hours,we__14__over300frontlineworkers,andmanydonorshave__15__tohelpwithgifts__16__frombarsofsoaptoseveralgrocerygiftcards.GiveEssentialstartedasanidea,andsnowballedintoa__17__withhundredsofconnectionsacrossthecountry.Inthisstateoflockdown,itiseasytofeel__18__bythefourwallsandfrontdoorthatwe're__19__nottoleave.WithGiveEssential,wewantedto__20__thepublicthatourabilitytoconnectwithandhelpothersisnotlimitedinthatsameway.[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。由于新冠疫情作者被困在家，得知许多一线工作人员缺乏生活用品，创建了GiveEssential在线配对平台，把捐赠者的物品及时送给需要的工作人员。平台迅速壮大，成了在全国各地拥有数百名联系人的团体。平台的应用提醒人们在条件受限的情况下，依然可以想办法帮助别人。1．A.decide　　　　　　　　B．knowC．agreeD．promise\n解析：句意：我们不知道在接下来的三天里，“很快”会变成“谁知道什么时候”。decide决定；know知道；agree同意；promise允诺。因为疫情的爆发是人们没有想到的，不知道结果。故选B。答案：B2．A.urgeB．researchC．pityD．relief解析：句意：我们被困在家里，心里充满了想要帮助别人的强烈愿望，但又不知道自己能做些什么。urge强烈的欲望；research研究；pity同情；relief安慰。因为疫情的爆发，许多人需要帮助，作者非常想帮助他们。故选A。答案：A3．A.confidentB．excitedC．unsureD．scared解析：句意见上题解析。confident自信的；excited激动的；unsure不确定的；scared害怕的。but表示转折，作者想帮助别人，但又不确定做些什么。故选C。答案：C4．A.turnedB．leftC．hitD．waited解析：句意：自冠状病毒爆发以来，当得知很多坚守在一线的工作人员要求获得基本必需品的呼吁却被忽视的故事时，我们被触动。turned使变成；left离开；hit袭击，打击；waited等候。此处指疫情的袭击，爆发。故选C。答案：C5．A.touchedB．tiredC．amusedD．frightened解析：句意见上题解析。touched受触动的；tired疲劳的；amused愉快的；frightened害怕的。作者被这些事情触动，有了帮助一线工作人员的想法。故选A。答案：A6．A.abilityB．accessC．rightD．idea解析：句意见上题解析。ability能力；access进入，通道；right权利；idea想法。表示“接近，获得”是accessto，此处指获得基本必需品。故选B。答案：B7．A.FortunatelyB．SuddenlyC．EasilyD．Obviously解析：句意：显然，他们所面临的问题来自日常用品。Fortunately幸运地；Suddenly突然地；Easily容易地；Obviously明显地。根据basicnecessities和daily\nsupplies可知，缺乏生活用品是明显地，故选D。答案：D8．A.adaptedB．aroseC．heardD．differed解析：句意见上题解析。adapted使适应；arose出现；heard听见；differed使……不同。此处指出现的问题是缺乏日常用品，故选B。答案：B9．A.gavewaytoB．putupwithC．cameupwithD．wentbackto解析：句意：就在4月8日午夜之前，我们推出了一个名为GiveEssential的在线配对平台，在这个平台上，一线工作人员可以告诉我们，他们需要什么，捐赠者也可以告诉我们，他们可以捐赠什么。gavewayto让位给；putupwith忍受；cameupwith提出，想出；wentbackto重新回到。此处指作者推出了一个帮助平台，故选C。答案：C10．A.positionsB．plansC．suggestionsD．items解析：句意见上题解析。positions位置；plans计划；suggestions建议；items物品，项目。上文提到一线工作人员缺乏日常用品，此处指他们需要的物品。故选D。答案：D11．A.expertsB．customersC．viewersD．donors解析：句意见第9题解析。experts专家；customers顾客；viewers观众；donors捐赠人。根据anonlinematchingplatform，theycangive和donations可知，此处指捐赠者，下文“manydonorshave__15__tohelp”是提示，故选D。答案：D12．A.matchesB．clubsC．accountsD．tasks解析：句意：然后我们根据他们最合适的需求和捐赠来创造匹配，直接把东西送到工作人员那里。matches匹配；clubs俱乐部；accounts账目；tasks任务。根据anonlinematchingplatform可知，作者创立的是在线配对平台，故选A。答案：A13．A.roleB．linkC．letterD．job\n解析：句意：我们在屏幕前待了36个小时，从零开始建立了一个网站，然后我们在Facebook上发布了这个链接，告诉所有我们认识的人有关GiveEssential的事情。role角色；link链接，联系；letter信；job工作。根据buildingawebsite可知，作者是在Facebook上发布了链接，让它发挥作用。故选B。答案：B14．A.employedB．changedC．reachedD．dismissed解析：句意：在24小时内，我们找到了300多名一线工作人员，许多捐助者提供了从肥皂到几张杂货店购物卡等各种礼物。employed雇佣；changed改变；reached延伸，到达；dismissed解散。此处指在平台上找到了300多名一线工作人员，故选C。答案：C15．A.refusedB．regrettedC．pretendedD．offered解析：句意见上题解析。refused拒绝；regretted遗憾；pretended假装；offered提供。根据平台的作用和manydonors等信息可知，是捐助者给一线工作人员提供日常用品，故选D。答案：D16．A.skippingB．sharingC．flowingD．ranging解析：句意见第14题解析。skipping跳过；sharing分享；flowing流动；ranging变化。rangefrom表示“范围从……到……”，故选D。答案：D17．A.groupB．trapC．storeD．hole解析：句意：GiveEssential一开始只是一个想法，然后像滚雪球一样发展成为一个在全国各地拥有数百名联系人的团体。group组，团体；trap陷阱；store商店；hole洞。根据withhundredsofconnectionsacrossthecountry可知，GiveEssential很快发展成了一个在全国各地拥有数百名联系人的团体。故选A。答案：A18．A.depressedB．thrilledC．ashamedD．satisfied解析：句意：在这种封闭的状态下，我们很容易因为被建议不要离开的四面墙和前门而感到沮丧。depressed沮丧的；thrilled激动的；ashamed羞愧的；satisfied满意的。此处指在疫情期间，在封闭的状态下，被困在家会让人沮丧。故选A。答案：A\n19．A.invitedB．advisedC．controlledD．trained解析：句意见上题解析。invited邀请；advised建议；controlled控制；trained训练。疫情期间，人们被建议居家，不出门。故选B。答案：B20．A.shockB．warnC．remindD．surprise解析：句意：通过GiveEssential，我们想提醒公众，我们与他人联系和帮助他人的能力并不会受到同样的限制。shock震惊；warn警告；remind提醒；surprise惊讶。平台的应用提醒人们在条件受限的情况下，依然可以想办法帮助别人。故选C。答案：CⅣ.短文改错WewereconsideringmakinganEnglishmagazine,andwithouthandsonexperiencewedidn'tknowhowtostartit.Togetprofessioninstructions,weleftforBeijingtovisitachiefeditorofBeijingReview,thefamousEnglishjournal.Busyashewas,heshowedmearound,explainingustheamazinghistoryofthejournalanditsproductionprocess.Beside,heoffereduslotsoftip,whichwerepracticalandvaluable.Whatmakeusespeciallyhappywasthatwhenhepromisedtogiveuscontinuousguidance.Fillingwithconfidence,wearenowbeginningtohandleourmagazine.[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了我们想创办一本英文杂志，向《北京周刊》的一位主编寻求经验的过程。1．解析：考查连词。句意：我们考虑做一本英文杂志，但没有实际经验，我们不知道如何开始。根据句意可知，前后句是转折关系，故and改为but。答案：第一句and→but2．解析：考查形容词。修饰名词instructions用形容词，此处指专业的指导，故profession改为professional。答案：第二句profession→professional3．解析：考查冠词。此处指BeijingReview是一本著名的英语杂志，第一次提到，表示“一个”用不定冠词，且famous发音以辅音音素开头，故the改为a。答案：第二句the→a4．解析：考查代词。与上文weleftforBeijing一致，可知是主编带领我们四处转转，故me改为us。答案：第三句me→us5．解析：考查介词。“向某人解释某事”是explaintosb.sth.或explainsth.to\nsb.，故explaining后加to。答案：第三句explaining后加to6．解析：考查副词。beside“在……旁边”，此处表示“此外”，用besides，故Beside改为Besides。答案：第四句Beside→Besides7．解析：考查名词的单复数。tip表示“建议”是可数名词，此处由lotsof修饰可知应用复数，故tip改为tips。答案：第四句tip→tips8．解析：考查动词的时态。本文讲述过去发生的事，此处与全文时态一致，用一般过去时，故make改为made。答案：第五句make→made9．解析：考查表语从句的引导词。句意：让我们特别高兴的是，他答应给我们持续的指导。Whatmakeusespeciallyhappy是主语从句，was后是表语从句，表语从句句意完整不缺少时间状语，用that引导。故去掉when。答案：第五句去掉when10．解析：考查非谓语动词。表示“充满”是befilledwith，此处作状语省去动词be，故Filling改为Filled。答案：第六句Filling→Filled