北京市丰台区2022-2023学年高二英语上学期期末试题（Word版附解析）

丰台区2022-2023学年度第一学期期末练习高二英语一、完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。EveryeveningbeforemysisterBeccaandIwenttosleep,wewouldtakefiveminutestohaveadance___1___.Itwasa___2___mydadhelpedtokeepwhenwewerelittle.OnedayBeccaandIwerehavingahugeargumentoverwhichTVprogrammeshouldbechosen.Ourdadtookustothelivingroom,Youtwoaregoingto___3___!Notalking,onlyrhythmicmovementtothemusic.Hesaidwithasmile.Afterthefive-minutedancing,wewerelaughingsohardthatneitherofusrememberedwhywehadbeen___4___.Sincethatnight,ourdancepartyhadbecomesomethingthatendedour___5___andclearedoursillymisunderstandings.NowitwasthenightbeforeBeccamovedacrossthecountryto___6___college.BeccaandIsatwithmyparentsatthedinnertableaswehadsomanynightsbefore.Itwas___7___tothinkthiswouldbethelasttimeweallatetogetherforawhile.MomhadmadeBecca’sfavoritemeal,butBeccaquicklyatehermealandaskedtosaybyetoherclassmates.Momsighedand___8___.Istaredatthe___9___chairandfeltlostandlonely.Somehourspassed,andIwasabouttogotobedwhen_____10_____Iheardaknockonmydoor.“Julie,youdidn’tseriouslythinkIwasgoingto_____11_____tomorrowwithoutusdancingitoutonemoretime,didyou?”Beccaasked.Itriedtofightthe_____12_____fromformingonmylipsandthrewapillowatherhappily.Ibathedinthebittersweet,_____13_____thatthesewerethemomentstocherish.Thingswouldalwaysbechanging,andthoughIhatedtothinkofmysisterleaving,thefactthatthislastdancewasasimportanttoherasitwastomemadethemomentevenmore_____14_____.I_____15_____thethoughtofBeccaleavingtomorrowoutofmyhead,andwedanced.1.A.partyB.lessonC.competitionD.test2.A.diaryB.secretC.traditionD.distance3.A.fightB.watchC.sleepD.dance4.A.angryB.happyC.closeD.worried 5.A.activitiesB.argumentsC.dreamsD.relationships6.A.affordB.finishC.attendD.visit7.A.funnyB.freeC.sadD.normal8.A.admittedB.agreedC.doubtedD.trusted9.A.coolB.beautifulC.comfortableD.empty10.A.luckilyB.quicklyC.suddenlyD.peacefully11.A.continueB.developC.quitD.leave12.A.diseaseB.smileC.tearsD.effect13.A.realizingB.insistingC.announcingD.complaining14.A.ordinaryB.specialC.popularD.similar15.A.countedB.droppedC.readD.pushed【答案】1.A2.C3.D4.A5.B6.C7.C8.B9.D10.C11.D12.C13.A14.B15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是作者和姐姐在每天的睡觉前都会花五分钟举办一个舞会，但是姐姐即将离开家去上大学，作者本以为在姐姐离开之前不会在举办这样的舞会，但出乎意料的是，姐姐在和同学们告别之后依旧和作者在离别前夜晚举办舞会。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天晚上，在我和姐姐贝卡睡觉前，我们都会花五分钟举办一个舞会。A.party聚会；B.lesson课，教训；C.competition竞赛；D.test测试。根据后文“Sincethatnight,ourdancepartyhadbecomesomethingthatendedour___5___andclearedoursillymisunderstandings.”可知，作者和姐姐每天晚上睡觉前都会举办一个舞会。故选A。【2题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是我们小的时候我爸爸帮我们保持的传统。A.diary日记；B.secret秘密；C.tradition传统；D.distance距离。根据后文“Sincethatnight,ourdancepartyhadbecomesomethingthatendedour___5___andclearedoursillymisunderstandings.”可知，每天睡觉前和姐姐举办的五分钟舞会，是爸爸帮忙保持的传统。故选C。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：爸爸把我们带到客厅，你们两个去跳舞！A.fight奋斗，斗争；B.watch观看；C.sleep睡觉；D.dance舞蹈。根据后文“Notalking,onlyrhythmicmovementtothemusic.”可知，作者和姐姐没有说话，只有跟着音乐有节奏的动作，即爸爸把我们带到客厅是去跳舞。故选D。 【4题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：跳了五分钟舞之后，我们都笑得很开心，谁也不记得自己为什么生气了。A.angry生气的；B.happy开心的；C.close靠近的；D.worried担心的。根据前文“OnedayBeccaandIwerehavingahugeargumentoverwhichTVprogrammeshouldbechosen.(有一天贝卡和我为选哪个电视节目大吵了一架。)”可知，作者和姐姐发生了争吵，二人是生气的，但是在五分钟的舞会之后，二人忘记了之前为什么会生气。故选A。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那天晚上开始，我们的舞会成了结束我们的争吵，消除我们愚蠢的误解的东西。A.activities活动；B.arguments争论；C.dreams梦想；D.relationships关系。根据后文“clearedoursillymisunderstandings”和上文我们通过跳舞解决了争端可知，从那天晚上开始，我们的舞会成了结束我们的争论和消除舞会的东西。故选B。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是贝卡跨越全国去上大学的前一晚。A.afford负担得起；B.finish完成；C.attend上学；D.visit拜访，参观。根据下文“thiswouldbethelasttimeweallatetogetherforawhile.”可知，姐姐即将离开家去上大学。故选C。【7题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：想到这将是我们最后一次在一起吃饭，我感到很难过。A.funny有趣的；B.free自由的，免费的；C.sad悲伤的；难过的；D.normal正常的。根据后文的“thinkthiswouldbethelasttimeweallatetogetherforawhile”可知，作者一想到这将是最后一次和姐姐在一起吃完饭，所以感觉到很难过。故选C。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：妈妈叹了口气，同意了。A.admitted承认；B.agreed同意；C.doubted怀疑；D.trusted信任。根据后文“Istaredatthe___9___chairandfeltlostandlonely.”可知，看着空空的椅子感到孤独失落，说明妈妈同意了姐姐去和同学们告别。故选B。【9题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我盯着那把空椅子，感到茫然和孤独。A.cool凉爽的；B.beautiful美丽的；C.comfortable舒服的；D.empty空的。根据后文的“feltlostandlonely.”可知，作者看到姐姐的离去，感到茫然和孤独。姐姐的离去，留下的是空空的椅子。故选D。【10题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：几个小时过去了，我正要上床睡觉，突然听到有人敲门。A.luckily幸运地；B.quickly快地；C.suddenly突然地；D.peacefully和平地。根据空前“Iwasabouttogotobed”可知，作者 本来正要上床睡觉，突然间听到有人敲门。故选C。【11题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：朱莉，你不会真以为我明天就走了我们不会再跳一次舞吧？A.continue持续；B.develop发展；C.quit暂停；D.leave离开。根据前文“NowitwasthenightbeforeBeccamovedacrossthecountryto___6___college.”可知，作者姐姐即将离开家去上大学，表示“离开”用leave。故选D。【12题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我强忍着眼泪，开心地朝她扔了一个枕头。A.disease疾病；B.smile微笑；C.tears眼泪；D.effect作用，效果。根据上文“Itwas　　7　　tothinkthiswouldbethelasttimeweallatetogetherforawhile.”以及下文“Ibathedinthebittersweet”可知，作者姐姐离开去上大学，作者很伤心，姐姐和同学告别，留下作者一个人，作者以为姐姐不会和自己跳舞了，姐姐再次邀请她跳舞，作者很激动，因此推断作者努力忍住悲伤的泪水，开心地朝着姐姐扔去一个枕头。故选C。【13题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我沉浸在苦乐参半的喜悦中，意识到这是值得珍惜的时刻。A.realizing意识到；B.insisting坚持；C.announcing宣布；D.complaining抱怨。根据后文“thesewerethemomentstocherish”可知，这个快乐时光是值得珍惜的是作者在这一刻意识到。故选A。【14题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事情总是在变化，虽然我不愿想到姐姐会离开，但这最后一支舞对她和我一样重要，这一事实使这一刻更加特别。A.ordinary平凡的；B.special特别的；C.popular受欢迎的；D.similar相似的。根据前文“thesewerethemomentstocherish”以及“thislastdancewasasimportanttoher”可知，在姐姐离开前的夜晚，能和姐姐在一起跳最后一支舞对作者和姐姐来说是更加特别的。故选B。【15题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不再想贝卡明天就要走了，我们跳了舞。A.counted数；B.dropped掉落；C.read读；D.pushed推动。根据后文“Beccaleavingtomorrowoutofmyhead”以及“wedanced”可知，作者将姐姐即将要离开家的事情抛于脑后，不去想这件事而是继续地跳舞。故选B。二、语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Doyoutakemusicandartclasses?Theseclasses,which___16___(know)asartseducation,allowstudentstolearnnewthingsinacreativeway.Manypeoplebelieveartseducation___17___(play)animportantpartinthelivesofstudents.However,someschoolscutmusicandartprogramsbecausethesesubjectsaren’tincludedinthecollege entranceexamination.Differentunderstandingsaboutmusicandartcanaffectthefutureofartseducation,soit’simportant___18___(reflect)theseunderstandings.【答案】16.areknown17.plays18.toreflect【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了艺术教育的重要性。【16题详解】考查时态语态。句意：这些课程被称为艺术教育，允许学生以创造性的方式学习新事物。分析句子，设空处为which引导定语从句中的谓语动词，同时句子表述客观事实，并且which指代前文的classes为复数，其与know之间是被动关系，故使用一般现在时的被动语态。故填areknown。【17题详解】考查时态。句意：许多人认为艺术教育在学生的生活中起着重要的作用。分析句子，设空处为宾语从句的谓语动词，此处表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。句子的主语为artseducation意为“艺术教育”其为单数。故填plays。【18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：对音乐和艺术的不同理解会影响艺术教育的未来，所以体现这些理解很重要。分析句子，句中itis+形容词+todo为固定句型，该结构中it为形式主语，todo不定式为真正的主语。reflect为动词，意为“体现，反思”。故填toreflect。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Inrecentyears,wehaveseenmeltingicecapsand___19___(rise)sealevelsaroundtheworld.Thenumberofdeadlyweathereventshasincreased,suchashurricanes(飓风)，wildfiresandfloods.Scientistssay___20___hascausedthesenewpatternsisclimatechange.Andtheyencourageeveryonetoproducelesswaste.Other___21___(way)loweringyourcarbonfootprintincludewalkinginstead___22___driving,bringingreusablebagstothesupermarket,andeatinglessmeat.Theseactionshavemanybenefits,includinglessairpollutionandCO2production.【答案】19.rising20.what21.ways22.of【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候变化导致冰雪融化，海平面上升等极端天气的出现。因此科学家们呼吁人们要采取行动，减少空气污染和二氧化碳的产生。 【19题详解】考查形容词。句意：近年来，我们看到世界各地的冰盖融化和海平面上升。分析句子，设空处应该使用rise的形容词与空前的melting构成并列结构，作定语修饰sealevels，rising意为“不断上升的”。故填rising。【20题详解】考查主语从句。句意：科学家表示，造成这些新模式的原因是气候变化。分析句子，设空处引导的是主语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，意为“什么”用what。故填what。【21题详解】考查名词。句意：其他降低碳足迹方法包括走路而不是开车，带环保袋去超市，少吃肉。分析句子，设空处使用名词作主语，way意为“方式”为可数名词，此处表示复数意义。故填ways。【22题详解】考查介词。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处表示“反而，而不是”用insteadof。故填of。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Everyonehasasenseofhumor,___23___noteverybodyhasagoodsenseofit.Psychologistsaredividedonwhetherhumorisinbornorlearnable.However,thereisonethingthatisaccepted___24___(wide)sofar-thesenseofhumorisuniquelyhuman.Itisassociatedwithhappinessandcourage.Thesearequalities___25___canbesharedwithotherformsoflife.Butifhappinessisoneofthegoalschasedinlife,thenitisthesenseofhumorthatprovidesthekey.【答案】23.but24.widely25.that##which【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了幽默是人类所特有的，是幸福的关键。【23题详解】考查连词。句意：每个人都有幽默感，但不是每个人都有好的幽默感。分析句子，设空处应该使用连词，连接前后两个句子，此处表示转折关系。故填but。【24题详解】考查副词。句意：然而，到目前为止，有一件事是被广泛接受的——幽默感是人类独有的。分析句子，设空处应该使用wide的副词widely修饰动词作状语，意为“广泛地”。故填widely。【25题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这些品质可以与其他形式的生命共享。分析句子，设空处引导的是定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指代前文的qualities，其意为“品质”为物，应用which或者that。故填that或者which。三、阅读理解(共16小题;每小题2.5分，共40分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIamFionnFerreira,anIrishteenager.Thankyoujudgesforthishonorandgivingthisawardinmyhand.Iamverydelightedtohavewon$50,000formyproject.MyprojectcameaboutasIwasconstantlyhearingaboutplasticpollutiononthenews.AndIalsoseetherealeffectsonourbeacheseveryday.Idiscovered,tomyshock,thatatpresentnofiltration(过滤)formicroplasticstakesplaceinanyEuropeanwastewatertreatmentcenters,soIsetupmyprojectandstartedlookingforasolution.Seeingthattherewasnone,Idecidedtostudyfurther,finallyfindingawaytousethefberofluid(铁磁流体),aliquidwhichstickstotheplasticallowingittoberemovedusingmagnets(磁体).Afterover1,000testsIhaveprovedthatmymethodwouldremove87%orhigherofmicroplastics.IgrewupinWestCorkIreland.Myhometownissurroundedbyuntouchednature.Thishasbeenmyfirstinspirationabouthownatureworks.Isoondiscoveredthatsciencereallywasineverything.ThefactthatIlivedinsucharemoteplacemeantthatIhadtobuildmyownequipmentandlabtodotestsandexperiments.InspiredbyscientistssuchasBenFeringaandhisworkwithorganicchemistryandnanotechnology(纳米技术),Iwouldliketostudychemistryorchemicalengineeringwhenfinishingmylastyearofsecondaryschool.BothofthesesubjectswillbesuitedtomeasIreallyenjoyproblem-solvingandexperiments.Oneofthemostvaluablerewardsfromthesciencefairformeistheopportunitytopresentmyworktoagroupofprofessionaljudges.Winningtheprizeisagreathonortomeasthisisarecognitionofmyprojectandideas.Also,theprizewillgivemyprojectmoreattention.ThereisnothingIwouldliketoseemorethanmyprojecttobeusedinremovingmicroplasticsinouroceansworldwide.26.WhydidFionnsetuptheproject?A.Towintheprize.B.Tocleantheair.C.Toremovemicroplastics.D.Tobuildawastewatercenter.27.Accordingtoparagraph3,whatgaveFionnthecreativeideas?A.Thesandybeaches.B.Thenatureofhishometown. C.Thenewtechnology.D.Theresultsofhisexperiments.28.Accordingtothepassage,whichwordcanbestdescribeFionn?A.Honest.B.Determined.C.Fearless.D.Humorous.29.Thispassagemightbe_________.A.anewsreportB.asciencesurveyC.athanks-givingletterD.anawardingspeech【答案】26.C27.B28.B29.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者FionnFerreira是一个科学比赛的获奖者。他介绍了自己使用铁磁流体从水中去除微塑料的实验项目及获奖的经历,表达了自己对科学的热爱。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Idiscovered,tomyshock,thatatpresentnofiltration(过滤)formicroplasticstakesplaceinanyEuropeanwastewatertreatmentcenters,soIsetupmyprojectandstartedlookingforasolution.(令我震惊的是，我发现目前欧洲任何污水处理中心都没有对微塑料进行过滤，所以我开始寻找解决方案)”以及第二段第一句“Seeingthattherewasnone,Idecidedtostudyfurther,finallyfindingawaytousethefberofluid(铁磁流体)，aliquidwhichstickstotheplasticallowingittoberemovedusingmagnets(磁体).(没有看到解决方案，我决定进一步调查，最终找到了一种使用铁磁流体的方法，这种液体可以粘在塑料上，用磁铁将其移除)”可知，作者研究该项目的目的就是去除水中的微塑料。故选C项。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Myhometownissurroundedbyuntouchednature.Thishasbeenmyfirstinspirationabouthownatureworks.(我的家乡被原始的自然环境包围着。这是我对大自然的第一次启发。)”可知，是FionnFerreira家乡的原生态启发了他做出该项发明。故选B。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Isoondiscoveredthatsciencereallywasineverything.ThefactthatIlivedinsucharemoteplacemeantthatIhadtobuildmyownequipmentandlabtodotestsandexperiments.(我很快发现科学真的存在于一切事物中。事实上，我住在这样一个偏远的地方，这意味着我必须建造自己的设备和实验室来做测试和实验。)”以及倒数第三段中“Iwouldliketostudychemistryorchemicalengineeringwhenfinishingmylastyearofsecondaryschool.(我想在中学最后一年学习化学或化学工程。)”可知，虽然FionnFerreira家住偏远的地方，但是他下定决心要建造自己的设备和实验室，同时为了实验他还想在最后一年学习相关的化学和化学工程课程，由此体现出为了做出科学研究，他是意志坚定的。故选B。【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“IamFionnFerreira,anIrishteenager.Thankyoujudgesforthishonorandgivingthisawardinmyhand.(我是菲昂·费雷拉，一名爱尔兰少年。感谢评委们给我这个荣誉，并把这个奖交到我手中。)”以及最后一段中“Also,theprizewillgivemyprojectmoreattention.ThereisnothingIwouldliketoseemorethanmyprojecttobeusedinremovingmicroplasticsinouroceansworldwide.(而且，这个奖会让我的项目得到更多的关注。我最希望看到的就是我的项目被用于清除全球海洋中的微塑料。)”可知，本文可能是一份获奖感言。故选D。BCreativeLearningTheNationalGalleryofArtprovidestheworld’sbesthighschoolprogramsatArt.Theseprogramswillhelpyoudevelopyourartskillsandexploreoriginalworksofartthroughasinglespecifictheme.Findoutwhatyouareinterestedinandsignup.SchoolStudioWorkshopSinglemuseumvisit,2.5hours(Grades7-12)Duringthese2.5hoursvisiting,studentscanhaveadeeptouringaboutworksofartwiththehelpofNationalGalleryartteachers.Studentsmayalsodiscussthesebeautifulworksandsharetheiropinionswiththeguideteacher.Themostexcitingpartofthisworkshopiscreatinganartprojectinthestudio.MuseumMakerExploringArtandMuseums,7classes(Grades10-12)Thisprogramshowshowmuseumsoperateandwhattheyhavetooffer.Itgiveshighschoolstudentsthetoolstoexperience,understandanddrawartworks.Studentswilllearnmoreabouthowanartmuseumworks.StudentsmeetforsevenSaturdayclassesfrom10:00amto3:00pm.Ifstudentscanattendall7classesontime,theywillgetfinalmarks.CreativeWritingintheGalleryGroupswork,90minutes(Grades11-12)Inthisproject,studentscanvoicetheirthoughtswhilelookingatartworks.Theycanwritetheirfeelingsindifferentwritingforms,likepoetry,essayordescription.Bothindividualsandgroupsarewelcomed.Eachsessioncanaccommodate(容纳)15to30students.TechnologiesintheScienceMuseumFantastictechnologies,4hours(Grades1-12)StudentscandiscovertheoriginalScience&Tech.Inadditiontoanever-changingitemofexhibits,themuseumalsoofferstonsofinteractiveexperimentsonenergy,health,insects,animals,andlocalscientificresearch.Youngervisitorslearnknowledgethroughhands-onexperimentsinmechanics,light,andsound.30.WhatcanyoudoatSchoolStudioWorkshop?A.Createanartproject.B.Dosomeexperiments.C.Practisewriting.D.Designmuseums. 31.HowlongwillittaketofinishtheprogramofMuseumMaker?A.1.5hours.B.2.5hours.C.4hours.D.35hours.32.Ifyoursisterisinterestedinanimals,whichprogramcanshejoinin?A.TechnologiesintheScienceMuseum.B.SchoolStudioWorkshop.C.CreativeWritingintheGallery.D.MuseumMaker.33.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Todescribeaspecialschool.B.Todiscusseducationproblems.C.Tointroduceartprograms.D.Toshareavisitingexperience.【答案】30.A31.D32.A33.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍的是美国国家美术馆提供世界上最好的高中艺术项目。文章对该项目课程进行介绍。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据SchoolStudioWorkshopSinglemuseumvisit,2.5hours(Grades7-12)部分中的“Themostexcitingpartofthisworkshopiscreatinganartprojectinthestudio.(这个工作坊最令人兴奋的部分是在工作室里创作一个艺术项目。)”可知，学生在这个工作坊里可以创作艺术项目。故选A。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据MuseumMakerExploringArtandMuseums,7classes(Grades10-12)部分中第二段“StudentsmeetforsevenSaturdayclassesfrom10:00amto3:00pm.(周六上午10点到下午3点，学生们共上7节课。)”可知，该活动每节课持续5个小时，7节课一共是35个小时。故选D。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据TechnologiesintheScienceMuseumFantastictechnologies部分中“themuseumalsoofferstonsofinteractiveexperimentsonenergy,health,insects,animals,andlocalscientificresearch.(博物馆还提供大量关于能源、健康、昆虫、动物和当地科学研究的互动实验。)”可知，如果对读者的妹妹对动物感兴趣，可以来参加TechnologiesintheScienceMuseum该项活动。故选A。【33题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，文章介绍的是美国国家美术馆提供世界上最好的高中艺术项目，并对该项目的具 体活动向读者进行介绍。故文章的目的是介绍艺术项目。故选C。CAhighschoolsoccerplayerleapsintotheair,hitstheballwithhisheadanddirectsittoateammate.Amidtoday’sgrowingawarenesssurroundingheadinjuriesinsports,wouldwearinghelmetsprotecttheteenandpreventapossibleconcussion(脑震荡)?Almostnot.Twotopdoctorswhospecializeinsportshelmetinjuries—Dr.JamesRobinsonandDr.LarryLemak,foundersofLemakSportsMedicine,saidthattherewasnogoodscientificevidencethathelmetscouldreducetherateofconcussion.Bothofthemregardedpropertraining,nothelmets,asthebestconcussionpreventionforsoccerplayers.Thatdoesn’tmeanthere’snoneedtoworryaboutsoccerconcussions.Forboyssoccer,concussionsaccountedfor23percentofallgameinjuriesand10percentofallpracticeinjuries,accordingtothestudy.Forgirlssoccer,thestudyfoundconcussionsaccountedfor36percentofgameinjuriesand31percentofpracticeinjuries.Knowingthatwhyisn’tahelmetuseful?Isn’tsomeprotectionbetterthannoneatall?Thedoctorsoutlinedseveralreasonshelmetsprovidelittleprotection.First,wearingahelmetmakestheheadheavier.Aheavierupperpartmaybemoredangeroustothebeginners.Secondly—andperhapsmostimportantlyforgirls,whoseneckmusclesareoftenweakerthanboys—ahelmetmakestheheadheavier.Imagineatop-heavyhead,Robinsonsaid,whichincreasestheriskoffalls.Sincegirlsalreadyfaceaheightenedconcussionrisk,helmetscouldbeespeciallydangerousforthem.Lastlywearinghelmetsoftengivesteensafalsesenseofsecurity.Whenhelmetswerematedated(授权)inhockey,headinjuriesincreased”becausetheyfeltunbeatable.“Sometimesthekidswearinghelmetsaremoredaring,saidChadHarrelson,boyssoccercoachatSt.PauPsinMobile,‘”becausetheythinktheyhavethataddedlayerofprotection.,,Bothcoachesanddoctorsagreeonthreemainwaystopreventsoccerconcussions.Firstly,learnproperrulesandfollownorms.Playerswhounderstandsoccer’srulesandbehavethemselvesarelesslikelytoputthemselvesinharm’sway.Secondly,promotepropertechnique.Ifsimportanttohaveplayersknowwhereotherplayersarepositioned.Thisreducescontactandcanpreventhead-to-headcollisionsorotherdangeroussituations.Thirdly,strengthenneckmuscleswhichcanprotectbothyournecksandheads.34.Whatcanwelearnfromthewordsoftwotopdoctors?A.Highqualityhelmetsareawisechoice.B.Athletesneedwearhelmets.C.Scienceisonthesideofhelmets. D.Helmetsprovidelittleprotection.35.Thedatainparagraph3servesasanevidencetoshow________.A.trainingisthebestpreventionB.howgirlsplayersgetinjuredC.boysaremorelikelytobehurtintrainingD.whyconcussionshouldbeconcernedabout36.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Whyhelmetsareuseless.B.Howhelmetswork.C.Whatcausesheadinjuries.D.Whomhelmetsarefitfor.37.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“norms”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Theearlyexamples.B.Thesetstandards.C.Thesuggestionsoftheathletes.D.Thewaysofusinghelmets.【答案】34.D35.D36.A37.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项科学事实：预防脑震荡最好的方法是适当的训练，而不是头盔。同时文章针对防止脑震荡提出了相关建议。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Dr.JamesRobinsonandDr.LarryLemak,foundersofLemakSportsMedicine,saidthattherewasnogoodscientificevidencethathelmetscouldreducetherateofconcussion.Bothofthemregardedpropertraining,nothelmets,asthebestconcussionpreventionforsoccerplayers.(勒马克运动医学公司的创始人詹姆斯·罗宾逊和拉里·勒马克博士说，没有充分的科学证据表明头盔可以降低脑震荡的发生率。他们都认为，对足球运动员来说，预防脑震荡最好的方法是适当的训练，而不是头盔。)”可知，两位顶级医生认为预防脑震荡最好的方法是适当的训练，而不是头盔。故选D。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Forboyssoccer,concussionsaccountedfor23percentofallgameinjuriesand10percentofallpracticeinjuries,accordingtothestudy.Forgirlssoccer,thestudyfoundconcussionsaccountedfor36percentofgameinjuriesand31percentofpracticeinjuries.(根据这项研究，在男孩足球中，脑震荡占所有比赛受伤的23%，占所有练习受伤的10%。研究发现，在女子足球中，脑震荡占比赛受伤的36%，练习受伤的31%。)”可知，本段使用数据说明脑震荡在足球运动中已经成为一个普遍的问题，由此需要引起注意。故这些数字解释了为什么脑震荡是应该被关心的。故选D。【36题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Knowingthat,whyisn’tahelmetuseful?Isn’tsomeprotectionbetterthannoneatall?Thedoctorsoutlinedseveralreasonshelmetsprovidelittleprotection.(既然如此，为什么头盔没有用呢？有保护不是比没有强吗？医生们概述了头盔保护作用不大的几个原因。)”可知，第五段是对头盔保护作用不大的原因进行解释。故选A。【37题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的内容“learnproperrules(学习适当的规则)”以及划线词后的内容“Playerswhounderstandsoccer’srulesandbehavethemselvesarelesslikelytoputthemselvesinharm’sway.(懂得足球规则、守规矩的球员不太可能把自己置于危险之中。)”可知，此处强调的是预防脑震荡的主要方法之一是要学习适当的规则，守规矩则可以避免足球运动员脑震荡即遵守设定的标准和规范。故划线词与B选项为同义词。故选B。DUniversityeducatorslargelythinkhighlyofthewondersofteachingthroughtechnology,butexpertsquestionwhethersomethingislostwhenprofessorsandlecturersrelytooheavilyonelectronicmediaorwheninteractionwithstudentstakesplaceremotely—incyberspaceratherthantherealspaceoftheclassroom.HansUlrichGumbrecht,theProfessorofLiteratureatStanfordUniversity,isonesuchexpert.“Ithinkthisenthusiasticandsometimeschildishandblindpushingtowardthemoretechnologythebetter,themorewebsitesthebetterteacher,andsoforth,isverydangerous—is,indeed,self-destructive,”heindicates.However,Gumbrechtwarnsthattherearefew,ifany,studieseithersupportingordisapprovingtheassumptionthattraditionalwaysofteachingaresuperiortoteachingviatheInternet.Hesaysthathecouldpointonlytohis“insightthatrealclassroompresenceshouldbekept,”andemphasizestheneedforeducatorstoexaminecriticallywheretechnologyservesausefulpedagogical(教学法的)functionandwhereitdoesnot.Yet,Gumbrechtallowsthat,forcoursesinwhichknowledgetransmission(传递)isthesolepurpose,electronicmediaprobablycandothejobwellenough.Indeed,giventhe20thcentury’sknowledgeexplosionandtheincreasingcostsofhighereducation,usingtechnologyasopposedtoreal-lifeteachersforthetransmissionofinformationisprobablyunavoidable,headmits.Inanycase,knowledgetransmissionshouldnotbethecorefunctionoftheuniversityhemaintains,notingthatuniversitiesshouldbeplaceswherepeopledealwithopenquestions,placesfor‘‘intellectualcomplexity”and“riskfillthinking”.“Wearenotaboutfindingortransmittingsolutions;wearenotaboutrecipes;wearenotaboutmakingintellectuallifeeasy.Challengeswithcomplexityarewhatexpandsyourmind.Itissomethinglikeintellectualgymnastics.Andthisiswhatmakesyouasuitablememberofthesociety.”Moreover,discussionsinthephysicalpresenceofotherscanleadtotheintellectualinnovation.There’sa qualitativechange,andyoudon’tknowhowithappens.Discussionsinthephysicalpresencehavethepowerofbeingthecatalyst(催化齐)forsuchintellectualbreakthroughs.Thepossibilityofin-classroomteaching—oflettingsomethinghappenwhichcannothappenifyouteachbythetransmissionofinformation—isastrength.38.WhatisProfessorGumbrecht’smajorconcernaboutteaching?A.Thesystemsofteachingthroughtechnology.B.Students’overdependenceonelectronicmedia.C.Thetrendtowardsthemoretechnologythebetter.D.Experts’questionsonremoteinteractionwithstudents.39.ProfessorGumberchtmightagreethatuniversityeducationshould________.A.replacethereal-lifeteachersfortheincreasingcostsB.facilitatesolutiontransmissionfortheknowledgeexplosionC.preparestudentsforawell-roundedlifeforsocietyD.helpstudentsestablishcorevalues40.Accordingtothepassage,discussioninthephysicalpresenceofotherscan________.A.reducetheintellectualcomplexityB.bethecatalystforthequalitativechangesC.leadtoswifterandstrongerinformationtransmissionD.combinetraditionalteachingwayswellwithtechnology41.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.CyberspaceInteractionB.TraditionalTeachingHasItsPlaceC.TheCoreFunctionOfTheUniversityD.InformationTransmissionCannotHelpYouSurvive【答案】38.B39.C40.B41.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了网络教学引起了质疑。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中““Ithinkthisenthusiasticandsometimeschildishandblindpushingtowardthemoretechnologythebetter,themorewebsitesthebetterteacher,andsoforth,isverydangerous—is,indeed,self-destructive,”heindicates.(“我认为这种狂热的、有时幼稚的、盲目的追求技术越多越好，网站越多老师越好等等，是非常危险的——实际上是自毁的，”他指出)”可知，HansUlrichGumbrecht关心的问题是在教 学场景下使用网络技术可能丢失一些东西，结合选项，A选项：通过技术进行教学的体系，更能概括他的专注点。他的专注点是学校和老师使用网络教学可能存在的问题，故排除B选项。故选A。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Inanycase,knowledgetransmissionshouldnotbethecorefunctionoftheuniversityhemaintains,notingthatuniversitiesshouldbeplaceswherepeopledealwithopenquestions,placesfor‘‘intellectualcomplexity”and“riskfillthinking”.(在任何情况下，知识传播都不应该是大学的核心功能，他指出，大学应该是人们处理开放性问题的地方，是“智力复杂性”和“充满风险的思维”的地方)”以及第四段中“Challengeswithcomplexityarewhatexpandsyourmind.Itissomethinglikeintellectualgymnastics.Andthisiswhatmakesyouasuitablememberofthesociety.(复杂的挑战能拓展你的思维。这有点像智力体操。这就是让你成为这个社会合适成员的原因)”可推知，Gumbercht教授可能同意大学教育应该让学生为社会的全面生活做好准备。故选C。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Discussionsinthephysicalpresencehavethepowerofbeingthecatalyst(催化剂)forsuchintellectualbreakthroughs.(现场讨论能成为智力突破的催化剂)”可知，根据文章所述，在他人在场的情况下进行讨论可以成为质变的催化剂。故选B项。【41题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章开头“Universityeducatorslargelythinkhighlyofthewondersofteachingthroughtechnology,butexpertsquestionwhethersomethingislostwhenprofessorsandlecturersrelytooheavilyonelectronicmediaorwheninteractionwithstudentstakesplaceremotely—incyberspaceratherthantherealspaceoftheclassroom.(大学的教育者们高度评价通过科技所带来的教学奇迹，但是有怀疑者提出质疑，当教授和讲课过度依赖电子媒体，或者和学生的互动是通过网络而不是真实的教室空间远距离发生时，是否失去了某些东西)”以及文章结尾谈到教室内教学的优势“Thepossibilityofin-classroomteaching—oflettingsomethinghappenwhichcannothappenifyouteachbythetransmissionofinformation—isastrength(课堂教学的可能性——通过传递信息的方式进行教学，可以让一些不可能发生的事情发生——是一种优势)”可知，文章主要讲述网络教学虽然是可以带来教学奇迹，但是过度的依赖网络教学其实是在毁灭学生们，而传统教学依旧具有它的优势，如和别人现场讨论可以产生一定的智力突破的能力。由此可知，B选项“TraditionalTeachingHasItsPlace(传统教学有它的一席之地)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选B。四、阅读回答问题(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)阅读下面短文和问题，根据短文内容和每小题后的具体要求，完成对该问题的回答。Whyaresomanypeopleafraidoffailure?Quitesimplybecausenoonetellsushowtofailsothatfailurecanplayaroleasanexperiencethatwillleadtogrowthinourlives.Weforgetthatfailureispartofthehuman conditionandthateverypersonhastherighttofail.Mostparentsworkhardateitherpreventingfailureorprotectingtheirchildrenfromtheknowledgethattheyhavefailed.Thetroublewithfailure-preventionmethodsisthattheyleaveachildunequippedforlifeintherealworld.Actually,theyoungneedtolearnthatnoonecanbebestateverything,noonecanwinallthetimeandthatit’spossibletoenjoyagameevenwhenwedon’twin.Achildwho’snotinvitedtoabirthdayparty,whodoesn’tmakethehonorrollonthebaseballteam,feelsterrible,ofcourse.Butparentsshouldn’tofferaquickcomfort,prizeorsay.Itdoesn’tmatterbecauseitdoes.Theyoungshouldbeallowedtoexperiencedisappointment一andbehelpedtomasterit.Failureisneverpleasant.Ithurtsgrown-upsandchildrenalike.Butitcanmakeapositivecontributiontoyourlifeonceyoulearntouseit.Evenafailurethatseemstotalcanstimulate(促进)freshthinkingorachangeofdirection.After12yearsofstudyingballet,afriendofminewentforaprofessionalcompany.Shewasturneddown.“Wouldfurthertraininghelp?”sheasked.Theballetmastershookhishead.“Youwillneverbeadancer”,hesaid,“Youhaven’tthebodyforit.”Insuchcases,thewaytousefailureistotakestockof(估量)thesituationcourageously,asking,“WhathaveIleft?WhatelsecanIdo?”Myfriendputawayhertoeshoesandmovedintodancetherapy,afieldwhereshe’sbothableanduseful.Failurefreesonetotakerisksbecausetherelesstolose.Oftenthereisrecoveryofenergy—awaytofindnewpossibilities.42.Whatroledoesfailureplayinourlives?______________________________________________________________________43.Whatistheresultoffailure-preventionmethods?______________________________________________________________________44.Whatpositivecontributioncanatotalfailuremake?______________________________________________________________________45.Whentheballetmastershookhisheadtotheauthor’sfriend,whatdidshedo?______________________________________________________________________46.Whatdoyoulearnfromthefriendoftheauthor?______________________________________________________________________【答案】42.Failureplaysaroleasanexperiencethatwillleadtogrowthinourlives.43.Theresultisthatthosefailure-preventionmethodsleaveachildunequippedforlifeintherealworld.44.Itcanstimulatefreshthinkingorachangeofdirection. 45.Sheputawayhertoeshoesandmovedintodancetherapy.46.Failureisnotterrible,soweshouldfindstrengthfromfailureandfindmorepossibilities.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了虽然失败给人们带来痛苦，但是它也可以给人带来积极的作用。【42题详解】考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Quitesimplybecausenoonetellsushowtofailsothatfailurecanplayaroleasanexperiencethatwillleadtogrowthinourlives.(很简单，因为没有人告诉我们如何失败，这样失败就会成为一种经历，让我们在生活中成长。)”可知，失败是一种经历，它会引导我们在生活中成长。故答案为Failureplaysaroleasanexperiencethatwillleadtogrowthinourlives。【43题详解】考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Mostparentsworkhardateitherpreventingfailureorprotectingtheirchildrenfromtheknowledgethattheyhavefailed.Thetroublewithfailure-preventionmethodsisthattheyleaveachildunequippedforlifeintherealworld.(大多数父母努力工作，要么防止失败，要么保护孩子不让他们知道自己失败了。失败预防方法的问题在于，它们让孩子无法适应现实世界的生活。)”可知，失败预防方法最终会导致孩子们无法适应现实世界的生活。故答案为Theresultisthatthosefailure-preventionmethodsleaveachildunequippedforlifeintherealworld。【44题详解】考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中“Butitcanmakeapositivecontributiontoyourlifeonceyoulearntouseit.Evenafailurethatseemstotalcanstimulate(促进)freshthinkingorachangeofdirection.(但一旦你学会使用它，它就会对你的生活做出积极的贡献。即使是一次看似彻底的失败也能激发新的思考或改变方向。)”可知，失败的积极作用是能激发新的思考或改变方向。故答案为Itcanstimulatefreshthinkingorachangeofdirection。【45题详解】考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“Myfriendputawayhertoeshoesandmovedintodancetherapy,afieldwhereshe’sbothableanduseful.(我的朋友把她的舞蹈鞋收起来，开始了舞蹈治疗，这是一个她既能干又有用的领域。)”可知，当芭蕾舞大师拒绝了作者的朋友的时候，作者的朋友把她的舞蹈鞋收起来，开始了新的领域——舞蹈治疗。故答案为Sheputawayhertoeshoesandmovedintodancetherapy。【46题详解】开放性试题。根据题干“Whatdoyoulearnfromthefriendoftheauthor?(你从作者的朋友那里学到了什么？)”可知，本题为开放性试题答案合理即可。通读讲述了作者的朋友虽然被舞蹈大师拒绝了，但是该朋友并未放弃，而是从失败中找到了力量并且寻找了各种其他的可能性。故答案为Failureisnotterrible,so shouldfindstrengthfromfailureandfindmorepossibilities。五、书面表达(共25分)47.假设你是李华，在英国WestMiddleSchool做交换生。学校网站正在征集主题为“Conservation”的文章。请你在网站上投稿，介绍自己环保理念和具体做法。主要内容包括：1.理念或观点;2.做法及其原因;3.倡议。注意：词数不少于60。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Deareditor,IamLiHuaanexchangestudentfromChina.Iwouldliketosharemyenvironmentalprotectionideasandspecificpracticeswithyou.Asweallknow,everyoneusesalotofpapereveryday,whichmeanscuttingdownalotoftreeseveryyear.Therefore,Ithinkweshouldsavepaperatordinarytimes.Theeasiestwaytodothisistofoldapieceofpaperwhosebothsidesareusedup,packitup,andsendittoapapermillforrecycling.That’showIsavepaper.Ihopeeveryonecanstartfromthelittlethingsaroundtoloveandprotectourhome.Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给学校网站关于“Conservation”主题投稿，介绍自己环保理念和具体做法。【详解】1.词汇积累我认为：Ithink→asfarasIamconcerned很多：alotof→largequantitiesof应该：should→oughtto希望：hope→wish 2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Iwouldliketosharemyenvironmentalprotectionideasandspecificpracticeswithyou.拓展句：Iwouldliketosharesomethingthatisaboutmyenvironmentalprotectionideasandspecificpracticeswithyou.【点睛】【高分句型1】Asweallknow,everyoneusesalotofpapereveryday,whichmeanscuttingdownalotoftreeseveryyear.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）【高分句型2】Ihopeeveryonecanstartfromthelittlethingsaroundtoloveandprotectourhome.（运用了省略that引导的宾语从句）