北京市丰台区2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期末试题（Word版附解析）

丰台区2022～2023学年度第二学期期末练习高一英语考生须知：1.答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的教育ID号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。2.本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写、要求字体工整、字迹清楚。3.请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。4.本练习卷满分共100分，作答时长90分钟。第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Yearsago,mygrandmotherwasinanursinghome.Shewasaretireduniversityprofessor,whichbroughtheranoceanof___1___shehadtaughtbefore.___2___frommygrandmother,almostnoonecametoseetheoldmannextdoor.Hewas___3___mostofthetime.OnceIgreeted(打招呼)him,“Howareyoudoingrecently?”Hegavemea(an)___4___,sayingnothing.Thinkinghewas___5___ofhearing.Iraisedmyvoiceandaskedagain.Hejustshookhisheadslightly.Afteralongwhile,findingIwas___6___there,hejustsaid,“Fine.”Thenhelookedaway.Ihadtoshutup,feelingrather___7___.Later,Ilearnedthattheoldmanhadgotquiteafewcompaniesfromhisfamily.Sincehewasnotagood___8___,heannoyedmanypeopleandevenmadehisfamilyandfriendspullaway.And___9___,hiscompaniesallfailed.Sowhatisthemostimportant_____10_____apersoncanhave?Perhapsyouthinkmakingmoneyistheanswer.No!Buttheabilityto_____11_____yourthoughtsis.It’sextremelyimportantforapersontolearntoputwhathethinksinto_____12_____.Itmakesarelationship_____13_____andacareerflourish(繁荣).I’mafraidthisissomethingmanyofusdon’thave.Justthink:Howmanyofushaveever_____14_____thosewholoveusjustbecausewearenotgoodatspeaking?So,moreoftenthannot,itisnotwhatwethinkbuthowwespeakthat _____15_____howfarwecangoinlife.1.A.neighborsB.workersC.visitorsD.relatives2.A.AbsentB.DifferentC.FarD.Free3.A.aloneB.calmC.happyD.impatient4.A.answerB.lookC.chanceD.call5.A.tiredB.afraidC.proudD.short6.A.alwaysB.alreadyC.alsoD.still7.A.uncomfortableB.concernedC.hopelessD.relaxed8.A.expertB.competitorC.speakerD.partner9.A.typicallyB.obviouslyC.unexpectedlyD.eventually10.A.skillB.challengeC.principleD.emotion11.A.updateB.developC.expressD.control12.A.actionB.wordsC.plansD.consideration13.A.appearB.worsenC.endD.last14.A.inspiredB.hurtC.caughtD.reminded15.A.determinesB.provesC.informsD.introduces【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.B5.D6.D7.A8.C9.D10.A11.C12.B13.D14.B15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者在养老院里一个不太会说话的老人身上认识到一个人最重要的能力是会说话（用语言表达自己的想法），我们说话的方式决定了我们的人生能达到什么样的高度。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她是一名退休的大学教授，所以有很多学生来探望她。A.neighbors邻居；B.workers工人；C.visitors访问者；D.relatives亲戚。根据下文“Differentfrommygrandmother,almostnoonecametoseetheoldmannextdoor.(与我祖母不同的是，几乎没有人来看隔壁的老人)”可知，来探望我祖母的访客很多，故选C项。【2题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与我祖母不同的是，几乎没有人来看隔壁的老人。A.Absent缺席的；B.Different不同的；C.Far远的；D.Free免费的。根据下文“almostnoonecametoseetheoldmannextdoor(几乎没有人来看隔壁的老人)”可知空白处应填表示“不同的”含义的形容词，故选B项。【3题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他大部分时间都是独自一人。A.alone独自的；B.calm冷静的；C.happy幸福的；D.impatient不耐烦的。根据上文“almostnoonecametoseetheoldmannextdoor(几乎没有人来看隔壁的老人)”可知隔壁的老人大部分时间都是一个人，故选A项。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他看了我一眼，什么都没说。A.answer回答；B.look看；C.chance机会；D.call呼叫。根据下文“sayingnothing(什么都没说)”可知此时作者在试图和老人交流，但老人什么都没说，可排除A项与D项，C项“chance机会”不符合句意，而B项“look看”表达含义符合语境，故选B项。【5题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我以为他听力不太好，就提高嗓门又问了一遍。A.tired厌烦的；B.afraid害怕的；C.proud自豪的；D.short不足的。根据下文“Iraisedmyvoiceandaskedagain(我提高嗓门又问了一遍).”可知，我以为他听力不太好，D项short放在句子中构成beshortof结构，表示“……不足”，符合语境，故选D项。【6题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：过了很长一段时间，他发现我还在那儿，只是说：“不错”，然后他转过头去，我不得不闭嘴，觉得很不舒服。A.always总是、一直；B.already已经；C.also也；D.still仍然。根据下文“hejustsaid,“Fine.”Thenhelookedaway(他只是说：“不错”，然后他转过头去)”可推理出作者仍然在那里，故选D项。【7题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.uncomfortable不舒服的；B.concerned关心的；C.hopeless没有希望的；D.relaxed放松的。根据上文“hejustsaid,“Fine.”Thenhelookedaway(他只是说：“不错”，然后他转过头去)”可知作者试图与老人说话，而老人敷衍地回应，让作者感到很不舒服，故选A项。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于他不是一个会说话的人，他惹恼了很多人，甚至使他的家人和朋友都走开了。A.expert专家；B.competitor对手；C.speaker说话者；D.partner伙伴。根据上文“hejustsaid,“Fine.”Thenhelookedaway(他只是说：“不错”，然后他转过头去)”可推理出，老人不是一个会好好说话的人，故选C项。【9题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，他的公司都倒闭了。A.typically典型地；B.obviously明显地；C.unexpectedly意外地；D.eventually最后。根据下文“hiscompaniesallfailed(他的公司都倒闭了)”可知这是老人不太会说话导致的最终的结果，故选D项。 【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么，一个人最重要的技能是什么呢？也许你认为是赚钱。A.skill技能；B.challenge挑战；C.principle原则；D.emotion情绪。根据空后的“Perhapsyouthinkmakingmoneyistheanswer.”根据下文“Perhapsyouthinkmakingmoneyistheanswer(也许你认为是赚钱)”可推理出此处上下文说的是能力，故选A项。【11题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：不！答案是能够表达你的想法。A.update更新；B.develop发展、培养；C.express表达；D.control控制、支配。根据下文“yourthoughts(你的想法)”可推理出空白处应填表示“表达”含义的动词，故选C项。【12题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对一个人来说，学会用语言表达自己的想法是极其重要的，它能使关系持久，事业兴旺。A.action行动；B.words话语；C.plans计划；D.consideration考虑。根据上文“Buttheabilitytoexpressyourthoughtsis(而是表达你的想法的能力)”以及“It’sextremelyimportantforapersontolearntoputwhathethinksinto(一个人将他的所想转化为……是非常重要的)”可推理出空白处应填表示“话语”含义的名词，故选B项。【13题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.appear出现；B.worsen恶化；C.end结束；D.last持续。根据空后的“acareerflourish(事业兴旺)”可知，它能使关系持久，故选D项。【14题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：想想看：我们中有多少人曾经因为不善于说话而伤害过爱我们的人？A.inspired激励；B.hurt伤害；C.caught抓住；D.reminded提醒。根据上文“Sincehewasnotagoodspeaker,heannoyedmanypeopleandevenmadehisfamilyandfriendspullaway.(由于他不善言辞，他惹恼了许多人，甚至使他的家人和朋友都望而却步)”以及下文“thosewholoveusjustbecausewearenotgoodatspeaking(……那些我们爱的人仅仅是因为我们不善于说话)”可推理出空白处应填表示“伤害”含义的动词，故选B项。【15题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，通常情况下，决定我们在生活中能走多远的不是我们的想法，而是我们说话的方式。A.determines决定；B.proves证明；C.informs告知；D.introduces介绍。根据上文“howwespeak(我们说话的方式)”以及下文“howfarwecangoinlife(我们在生活中能走多远)”可推理出空白处应填表示“决定”含义的动词，故选A项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Marlee____16____(become)deafwhenshewasoneandahalfyearsold.Althoughshecan’thearanything,sheispositivetowardslife:“TheonlythingIcan’tdoishear.”Herparentssenthertoapublicschool,____17____Marleegotusedtothelifesoon.____18____(help)bytheschool,shebecamethefirstdeafactresstoreceiveanAcademyAward.“Iworkeverydaytohelppeopleunderstand.Deafpeoplenotonlydeserverespect,theydeservetobeheard,”Marleesaid.【答案】16.became17.where18.Helped【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述聋人马利（Marlee）通过学校的帮助和自己的努力成为第一位获得奥斯卡奖的聋人女演员的故事。【16题详解】考查谓语动词。句意：马利一岁半的时候聋了。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，谓语用一般过去时。故填became。【17题详解】考查定语从句。句意：她的父母把她送到了一所公立学校，在那里，马利很快就适应了这种生活。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词apublicschool在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。【18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在学校的帮助下，她成为第一位获得奥斯卡奖的聋人女演员。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词help和句子主语she是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式，表示被动。故填Helped。B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Apersonwithaphotographicmemorycouldremembereverydetailofapicture,abookoraneventmanyyearslater,butithasnotbeenproved____19____therearepeoplewhoreallyhavephotographicmemories.Yet,therearesomepeoplewhodohave____20____(amaze)memories.Forexample,DanielTammetcanrememberthefirst22,514digitsofpi(π)andStephenWiltshirecandrawadetailedpictureofacityfrommemoryafterflyingoveritinahelicopter.Theyarebothgood____21____rememberingparticularthingsforalimitedtime. 【答案】19.whether20.amazing21.at【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述虽然不知道是否真的有人有照片记忆，但确实有一些人的记忆力超群。【19题详解】考查主语从句。句意：一个有照片记忆的人可以在多年后记住一张照片、一本书或一件事的每一个细节，但尚未证明是否有人真的有照片记忆。分析句子结构和意思可知，it是形式主语，空格处引导主语从句，从句基本成分完整，上下文需要“是否”的意思，所以用连词whether引导。故填whether。【20题详解】考查形容词。句意：然而，也有一些人确实有令人惊讶的记忆。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词amazing，意为“令人吃惊的”，作定语，修饰后面的名词memories。故填amazing。【21题详解】考查介词。句意：他们都很擅长在有限的时间内记住特定的事情。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配begoodat，意为“擅长”。故填at。C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Single-useplasticbagsareusedatmostafewtimesbeforethey___22___(throw)away.Ittakesthemhundredsofyears___23___(break)down.Manyofthesebagsendupintheoceanwherelargeronescantrapseacreatures,suchasturtlesanddolphins.Overtime,thebagsfallapartintocountlesstinypieces,andfishcan___24___(accidental)eatsomeofthem.Now,lotsof___25___(country)andregionsaretakingactiontobanthesaleofsuchbagstostoppeopleusingthem.【答案】22.arethrown23.tobreak24.accidentally25.countries【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了一次性塑料袋的危害，应禁止使用。【22题详解】 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：一次性塑料袋在扔掉之前最多使用几次。本文讲的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时，主语they即（Single-useplasticbags）和谓语动词throw之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是they，故谓语动词用复数形式。故填arethrown。【23题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：它们需要几百年的时间才分解。固定句型：Ittakessb./sth.+一段时间+todosth.（花某人/物多长时间干某事），此处用动词不定式（todo）作真正主语，It形式主语。故填tobreak。【24题详解】考查副词。句意：随着时间的推移，这些袋子分解成无数的小碎片，鱼可能会不小心吃掉其中一些。修饰动词eat用副词accidentally作状语，故填accidentally。【25题详解】考查名词的数。句意：现在，许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子，以阻止人们使用。lotsof修饰可数名词复数，用名词country的复数形式，故填countries。第二部分阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分，共30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIfyoudon’tknowwhattowatchinthecomingholiday,herearethetopmoviesearchenginesontheweb.Somerequirelittleornoinputbeforetheygiveyoutitles,whileotherswanttofindoutexactlywhatyourinterestsare.RottenTomatoesInsteadoftellingRottenTomatoeswhichfilmsyoulike,youcantellitwhatkindoffilmsyouenjoy,whichactorsyouwanttosee,andotheraspectstohelpitfindthebestmovieforyou.ThequalityofRottenTomatoesrecommendationsischangeablebutit’salsoanicewaytofindtherightfilmforanymood.IMDbIMDbautomaticallyrecommendssimilarfilmstothemovieyousearchforinsteadofaskingyoutoinputratings(评分)ortotellitwhatmoviesyoulike.Atthebottomofthepage,a“Recommendations”sectionwillshowyouavarietyofotherfilmsbeingdisplayed,basedoninformationgatheredfromitsdatabase,whichexaminesfilmstofindsimilaritiesanddifferences.JinniWhetheryouwanttosearchforfilmsbasedonyourmood,timeavailable,orreviews,thesitehasitall.ButJinni’smostamazingfeatureisitssemanticsearch.Youcanenterwordslike“filmsthatshowChrisFarleyyelling”andthesitewillreturnfilmsthatmatchyourquestion.GotouseJinni.Youwon’tregretit! CritickerInsteadofjustallowingyoutoratefilms,Critickercomparesyourratingstothoseofotherusersandseehowcloselyyourtastesmatchthoseofotherusers.Oncetheservicefindsmatches,youcanviewtheseusers’listsandseewhichmoviestheylike.Combiningcommunityandfunctionality,Critickerisaunique,yetworthwhileservicetocheckout.26.Youcansearchforamoviebasedonyourmoodon________.A.RottenTomatoesandJinniB.IMDbandCritickerC.RottenTomatoesandIMDbD.JinniandCriticker27.IMDbisespeciallysuitableforpeoplewho________.A.aretoobusytowatchfilmsB.clearlyknowtheirfavoritefilmsC.don’twanttospendtimeratingfilmsD.likesharingtheircommentsonfilms28.WhatmakesCritickerspecial?ACommentingonothers’filmlists.B.Ratingyourfavouritefilms.C.Offeringdifferentstandards.D.Comparingusers’ratings.29.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.Torecommendthebestonlinefilms.B.Toshowhowtousemoviesearchengines.C.Tointroduceseveralmoviesearchengines.D.Toexplainhowtofindthebestonlinefilms.【答案】26.A27.C28.D29.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了几个电影搜索引擎。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“InsteadoftellingRottenTomatoeswhichfilmsyoulike,youcantellitwhatkindoffilmsyouenjoy,whichactorsyouwanttosee,andotheraspectstohelpitfindthebestmovieforyou(与其告诉烂番茄你喜欢哪部电影，不如告诉它你喜欢什么样的电影，你想看哪些演员，以及其他方面，帮助它找到最适合你的电影)”以及倒数第二段“Whetheryouwanttosearchforfilmsbasedonyourmood,timeavailable,orreviews,thesitehasitall.( 无论你是想根据你的心情、可用时间还是评论来搜索电影，该网站都应有尽有)”可知，RottenTomatoes和Jinni这两个搜索引擎基于你的情绪，故选A项。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“IMDbautomaticallyrecommendssimilarfilmstothemovieyousearchforinsteadofaskingyoutoinputratings(评分)ortotellitwhatmoviesyoulike.(IMDb会自动向你搜索的电影推荐类似的电影，而不是要求你输入评分或告诉它你喜欢什么电影)”可知，IMDb比较适合那些不愿意花时间评分的人，故选C项。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Insteadofjustallowingyoutoratefilms,Critickercomparesyourratingstothoseofotherusersandseehowcloselyyourtastesmatchthoseofotherusers.(Criticker不只是允许你对电影进行评分，而是将你的评分与其他用户的评分进行比较，看看你的品味与其他用户有多接近)”可知，Criticker的特别之处是能比较用户的评分，故选D项。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Ifyoudon’tknowwhattowatchinthecomingholiday,herearethetopmoviesearchenginesontheweb.(如果你不知道在即将到来的假期里该看什么，下面是网络上最热门的电影搜索引擎)”、“RottenTomatoes(烂番茄)”、“IMDb(互联网电影资料库)”、“Jinni”以及“Criticker”可知，本文的主要目的是介绍几个电影搜索引擎，故选C项。BOnce,Iwasinvitedtoseeaperformancebymyfriends.LittledidIknowthatIwasabouttoseesomethingIwouldneverforget.Afterthehostmadeabriefintroduction,theyoungmusician,Mr.PatrickHenryHughes,wasrolledontothestageinhiswheelchairandbegantoplaythepiano.Hisfingersdancedacrossthekeysashemadebeautifulmusic.Hethenbegantosingasheplayed,anditwasevenmorebeautiful.Forsomereason,however,IknewthatIwasseeingsomethingspecial.AbouttenminutesintoPatrick’sperformance,someonecameonthestageandsaid,“I’dliketoshareaseven-minutevideo.”Thenthelightswentdim.PatrickHenryHugheswasbornwithnoeyesandtheinabilitytofullyextendhisarmsandlegs,whichlefthimdisabledforlife.However,asachild,hewasfittedwithartificialeyes(义眼)andplacedinawheelchair.Beforehisfirstbirthday,hediscoveredthepiano.Hismomsaid,“Icouldhitanynoteonthepiano,andwithinoneortwotries,he’dgetit.”Byhissecondbirthday,hecouldplaysimplesongsasrequested.Hisfatherwasexcited.“Wemightnotplaybaseball,butwecanplaymusictogether.”Later,PatrickbecameajuniorattheUniversityofLouisville.HisfatherattendedclasseswithhimandhemadenearlyallA’s.Hewasalsoapartofthemarchingband.Heandhisfatherdidittogether.Theyattendedalltheband practicesandperformances.Butevenmorethanhisunbelievablemusicaltalent,itwasPatrick’s“attitudeofgratitude”thattouchedmysoul.Onstage,betweensongs,hetalkedtotheaudienceabouthislifeandabouthowblessedhewas.Hesaid,“lifemademeblindandunabletowalk.BIGDEAL!Itgavemetheability…themusicalgiftIhave…thegreatopportunitytomeetnewpeople.”Whenhisperformancewasover,Patrickandhisfatherwereonthestagetogether.Thecrowdrosetotheirfeetandcheeredforoverfiveminutes.30.WhatdoweknowaboutPatrick?A.Patrickwasbornwithpooreyesight.B.Patrickcoulddancewithhisfingers.C.Patrickcouldsingandplaythepiano.D.Patrickintroducedhimselfbeforetheshow.31.Accordingtothepassage,Patrick’sfather________.A.expectedhissontobeagreatmusicianandsingerB.attendedclassesandbandpracticeswithhimC.wastheleaderofthemarchingbandD.taughthimtoplaybaseball32.WhichwordscanbestdescribePatrick?A.Braveandoutgoing.B.Talentedandpositive.C.Creativeandgenerous.D.Honestanddetermined.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Practicemakesperfect.B.Interestisthebestteacher.C.Littlekindnessmakesagreatdifference.D.Lifeisaboutlearningtodanceintherain.【答案】30.C31.B32.B33.D【解析】【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要通过讲述帕特里克（Patrick）虽然天生看不见并且终生残疾但是仍坚持学习音乐的故事告诉我们要珍惜自己所拥有的东西。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Afterthehostmadeabriefintroduction,theyoungmusician,Mr.PatrickHenry Hughes,wasrolledontothestageinhiswheelchairandbegantoplaythepiano.Hisfingersdancedacrossthekeysashemadebeautifulmusic.Hethenbegantosingasheplayed,anditwasevenmorebeautiful.(主持人简单介绍后，年轻的音乐家帕特里克·亨利·休斯先生坐在轮椅上被推上舞台，开始弹钢琴。他弹奏着优美的音乐，手指在琴键上翩翩起舞。然后他边弹边唱，唱得更美了。)”可知，帕特里克会弹钢琴，还会唱歌。故选C。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“HisfatherattendedclasseswithhimandhemadenearlyallA’s.Hewasalsoapartofthemarchingband.Heandhisfatherdidittogether.Theyattendedallthebandpracticesandperformances.(他的父亲和他一起上课，他几乎取得了所有的A。他也是行进乐队的一员。他和他父亲一起做的。他们参加了乐队的所有练习和演出。)”可知，帕特里克的父亲和他一起上课并参加了乐队的所有练习和演出。故选B。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Butevenmorethanhisunbelievablemusicaltalent,itwasPatrick’s“attitudeofgratitude”thattouchedmysoul.Onstage,betweensongs,hetalkedtotheaudienceabouthislifeandabouthowblessedhewas.Hesaid,“lifemademeblindandunabletowalk.BIGDEAL!Itgavemetheability…themusicalgiftIhave…thegreatopportunitytomeetnewpeople.”(但更让我感动的不仅是帕特里克令人难以置信的音乐天赋，还有他“感恩的态度”。在舞台上，在歌曲间隙，他向观众讲述了自己的生活，讲述了自己是多么的幸运。他说：“生活让我失明，无法行走。没什么大不了！它给了我能力……我拥有的音乐天赋……结识新朋友的绝佳机会。”)”可知，帕特里克很有音乐天赋，而且生活态度积极向上。故选B。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“PatrickHenryHugheswasbornwithnoeyesandtheinabilitytofullyextendhisarmsandlegs,whichlefthimdisabledforlife.However,asachild,hewasfittedwithartificialeyes(义眼)andplacedinawheelchair.Beforehisfirstbirthday,hediscoveredthepiano.Hismomsaid,“Icouldhitanynoteonthepiano,andwithinoneortwotries,he’dgetit.”Byhissecondbirthday,hecouldplaysimplesongsasrequested.Hisfatherwasexcited.“Wemightnotplaybaseball,butwecanplaymusictogether.”(帕特里克·亨利·休斯出生时没有眼睛，无法完全伸展胳膊和腿，这使他终身残疾。然而，小时候，他戴上了假眼，坐在轮椅上。在他一岁生日之前，他发现了这架钢琴。他妈妈说：“我可以在钢琴上弹奏任何音符，只要一两次尝试，他就会弹出来。”到他两岁生日时，他可以根据要求演奏简单的歌曲。他的父亲很兴奋。“我们可能不打棒球，但我们可以一起演奏音乐。”)”和第五段“Butevenmorethanhisunbelievablemusicaltalent,itwasPatrick’s“attitudeofgratitude”thattouchedmysoul.Onstage,betweensongs,hetalkedtotheaudienceabouthislifeandabouthowblessedhewas.Hesaid,“lifemademeblindandunabletowalk.BIGDEAL!Itgavemethe ability…themusicalgiftIhave…thegreatopportunitytomeetnewpeople.”(但更让我感动的不仅是帕特里克令人难以置信的音乐天赋，还有他“感恩的态度”。在舞台上，在歌曲间隙，他向观众讲述了自己的生活，讲述了自己是多么的幸运。他说：“生活让我失明，无法行走。没什么大不了！它给了我能力……我拥有的音乐天赋……结识新朋友的绝佳机会。”)”可知，这篇文章主要讲述帕特里克虽然天生看不见并且终生残疾，但是他仍坚持学习音乐，这告诉我们要积极面对人生的困难和挑战，珍惜自己所拥有的东西。所以从文章中能学到“生活就是要学会在雨中跳舞”。故选D。CTiredoftellingstudentstoaskquestionsandtothinkaboutwhattheyweredoing,DamienHynes,ahighschoolteacher,decidedtodoanexperimenttotestwhathehadlongbeenthinking.Hewrotesomewell-organizednonsense(谬论)ontheblackboard.Thestudentssimplycopieditbutveryfewaskedanyquestions.Thisshowsthatstudentsarewillingtobelieveanythinggivenbyteachers.ThestoryisrepeatedinsupportoftheProjectforEnhancingEffectiveLearning(PEEL).PEELwascarriedoutbysometeachersandresearchersinMelbournewhohaddiscoveredthatnormalteachingmethodsseldomachievetheirintendedgoals:whattheteachersthinktheyareteachingisonethingandwhatthestudentsactuallylearnissomethingelse.Students’lackofanover-allviewoflearninggoalsandtheirconcentrationontestscoresmakethemseeeachlessonasaseparateactivity.Researchersrealizedthatmanystudentsdonotcomeintoclassempty-headedbuthavetheirownexplanationsofhowtheworldworks.Theirownideascanremainimportanttothemevenwhentheyconflictwithscientificexplanationsthatarelearnedlater.Infact,suchideasarehardlyaffectedbytraditionalteaching.Studentsaccepttheteacher’sscientificexplanation,butdonotdroptheirown.Inaclasstest,theycopytheteacher’sidea,butinreallifetheyusetheirown.Clearlywhatwasneededwastomakestudentsawareoftheirlearningprocess,andthisiswhatthePEELteacherssetouttodealwith.IntheclassbeingtaughtbyPEELmethods,therearesomemeaningfulchanges.Studentsaregivenmuchmoretimetoexpresstheirviews,andteachersdon’tmakeimmediatejudgment.Thestudentsareallowedtoguidewhatisdoneinclassandtheirownideasarealwaysrespected.Thisdrawstheirattentiontotheactuallearningprocess,andtheybecomeresponsiblefortheirownprogress.ThePEELresearchersbelievedthattheirexperimentwouldbeprovedvaluableiftheexperiencesofchildrenandteachersindifferentclassesusingPEELmethodsweresimilar.Sofar,allteachersandstudentswhohaveworkedwithPEELmethodsagreethattheirapproachtoteachingandlearninghasreallychanged.Thestudentsarefarmorereadytoquestionwhatispresentedtothem,whiletheteachershaverealizedthatthetraditionalmethodsarenotgoodenough. 34.WhywasPEELcarriedout?A.Toensurestudentshighertestscores.B.Toencourageteacherstodoscientificwork.C.Tofindthegapbetweenwhatistaughtandlearnt.D.Tohelpnormalteachingmethodsachievetheirgoals.35.Theunderlinedword“conflict”inParagraph3probablymeans________.A.tomatchB.todisagreeC.tobesatisfiedD.tobeunfamiliar36.WecanlearnthatinthePEELclasses,________.A.teachersdon’tjudgestudents’ideasB.studentsaregivenarrangedactivitiesC.studentsfocusontheirreallearningprocessD.teachersdon’tgiveusualscientificexplanations37.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.ToanalyzetheeffectsofPEEL.B.TopresentaprojectcalledPEEL.C.TocallonteacherstojoininPEEL.D.Toshowstudents’changesinPEEL.【答案】34.D35.B36.C37.B【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述提高有效学习项目（PEEL）。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“PEELwascarriedoutbysometeachersandresearchersinMelbournewhohaddiscoveredthatnormalteachingmethodsseldomachievetheirintendedgoals(PEEL是由墨尔本的一些教师和研究人员进行的，他们发现正常的教学方法很少能达到预期目标)”可知，一些教师和研究人员进行PEEL实验，是为了使得正常的教学方法能达到预期的目标。故选D。【35题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段“Theirownideascanremainimportanttothemevenwhentheyconflictwithscientificexplanationsthatarelearnedlater.(他们自己的想法对他们来说仍然很重要，即使它们与后来学到的科学解释conflict。)”可知，这里指孩子们有自己的想法，但是可能会跟后来学到的科学解释不一致，所以conflict的意思是“不一致，相冲突”，和选项B意思一致。故选B。 【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Studentsaregivenmuchmoretimetoexpresstheirviews,andteachersdon’tmakeimmediatejudgment.Thestudentsareallowedtoguidewhatisdoneinclassandtheirownideasarealwaysrespected.Thisdrawstheirattentiontotheactuallearningprocess,andtheybecomeresponsiblefortheirownprogress.(学生有更多的时间表达自己的观点，而老师不会立即做出判断。学生们被允许指导课堂上所做的事情，他们自己的想法总是受到尊重。这使他们关注实际的学习过程，并对自己的进步负责。)”可知，在PEEL课堂上，学生们会关注实际的学习过程。故选C。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Tiredoftellingstudentstoaskquestionsandtothinkaboutwhattheyweredoing,DamienHynes,ahighschoolteacher,decidedtodoanexperimenttotestwhathehadlongbeenthinking.Hewrotesomewell-organizednonsense(谬论)ontheblackboard.Thestudentssimplycopieditbutveryfewaskedanyquestions.Thisshowsthatstudentsarewillingtobelieveanythinggivenbyteachers.ThestoryisrepeatedinsupportoftheProjectforEnhancingEffectiveLearning(PEEL).(高中老师DamienHynes厌倦了告诉学生提问和思考他们在做什么，他决定做一个实验来测试他长期以来的想法。他在黑板上写了一些条理分明的胡言乱语。学生们只是简单地抄了一下，但很少有人问任何问题。这表明学生愿意相信老师给的任何东西。这个故事被重复，以支持提高有效学习项目（PEEL）。)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍提高有效学习项目（PEEL）。故选B。DArtiseverywhere.Anypublicspacehasbeencarefullydesignedbyanartisticmindtobebothfunctionalandbeautiful.Why,then,isartstillsowidelyconsideredtobetheeasysubjectatschoolinsignificanttowidersociety,awasteoftimeandeffort?Artcanconnectculturewithcommercial(商业的)productsinawaythatnotmanyotherthingscan;artbringsmoneyandholdssignificantemotionalandculturalvaluewithincommunities.Whenpeopleattendaconcerttheyarepayingfortheartproduct—music,sure,maybeevenhotelrooms,meals,andtransport,buttheyalsogainanincredibleexperience,auniqueatmosphereandamemorythatwillgothroughtherestoftheirlives.Peopledon’tjustwantmaterialthingsanymoretheywanttoexperiencelife—theartsareaperfectcrossoverbetweencultureandcommerce.Furthermore,theartscanbringcommunitiestogether,reducinglonelinessandmakingpeoplefeelsafer.Socialbondsarecreatedamongindividualswhentheysharetheirartsexperiencesthroughreflectionanddiscussion,andtheirexpressionofcommonvaluesthroughartworksinhonourofeventssignificanttoanation’sexperience.Theartsclearlyhaveaprettypositiveimpactonphysicalandpsychologicalhealth.Itisfoundthatpeoplewho frequentculturalplacesorparticipateinartisticeventsaremorelikelytogaingoodhealthcomparedtothosewhodonot;moreengagementwiththeartsislinkedtoahigherlevelofpeople’swell-being.TheRoyalSocietyofPublicHealthdiscoveredthatmusicandart,whenusedinhospitals,helptoimprovetheconditionsofpatientsbyreducingstress,anxietyandbloodpressure.Childrenwhoareinvolvedwiththeartsmakegreaterachievementsintheireducation:thoseengagedwithdramahavegreaterliteraryabilitywhileotherstakingpartinmusicalpracticeexhibitgreaterskillsinmathandlanguages.Kidswithpreferencefortheartshaveagreaterchanceoffindingemploymentinthefuture.Participatingintheartsisessentialforchilddevelopment:encouragingchildrentoexpressthemselvesinconstructivewayscouldhelptoformhealthyemotionalresponsesinlaterlifeVitaltohumanlife,artiscelebratedandusedbynationsacrosstheworldforvariouspurposes.Lifewithoutartwouldbeboringanddeadstill,forartisapartofwhatmakesushuman.38.Artproductsdifferfrommostothercommercialproductsbecause________.A.theyhavebothcommercialandculturalvaluesB.theyaremoreexpensiveanddifficulttounderstandCtheyprovidethechancetoescapefrommateriallifeD.theyarecreatedonlytomeetpeople’semotionalneeds39.Whatcanwelearnaboutartsfromthispassage?A.Artsstrengthensocialconnections.B.Artshavealwaysbeenhighlyvalued.C.Artspromisekidsasuccessfullife.D.Artsinfluencepeoplemorephysicallythanmentally.40.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.HowArtCuresOurHeartsB.Art:ABridgeBetweenCulturesC.HowArtBenefitsCommunitiesD.Art:ABlessingtoHumankind【答案】38.A39.A40.D【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍艺术对人类有重要意义，是我们不可或缺的社会生活的一部分。【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Artiseverywhere.Anypublicspacehasbeencarefullydesignedbyanartisticmindtobebothfunctionalandbeautiful.(艺术无处不在。任何公共空间都是由艺术头脑精心设计的，既实用又美观。)”和第二段“Artcanconnectculturewithcommercial(商业的)productsinawaythatnotmanyotherthingscan;artbringsmoneyandholdssignificantemotionalandculturalvaluewithincommunities.(艺术可以将文化与商业产品联系起来，这是其他事物无法做到的；艺术带来金钱，并在社区中具有重要的情感和文化价值。)”可知，艺术作品既有文化价值，又有商业价值。故选A。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Furthermore,theartscanbringcommunitiestogether,reducinglonelinessandmakingpeoplefeelsafer.Socialbondsarecreatedamongindividualswhentheysharetheirartsexperiencesthroughreflectionanddiscussion,andtheirexpressionofcommonvaluesthroughartworksinhonourofeventssignificanttoanation’sexperience.(此外，艺术可以将社区团结在一起，减少孤独感，让人们感到更安全。当个人通过反思和讨论分享他们的艺术经历，并通过艺术品表达共同价值观，以纪念对一个国家的经历具有重要意义的事件时，他们之间就会建立起社会纽带。)”可知，艺术可以增强社会纽带。故选A。【40题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Vitaltohumanlife,artiscelebratedandusedbynationsacrosstheworldforvariouspurposes.Lifewithoutartwouldbeboringanddeadstill,forartisapartofwhatmakesushuman.(艺术对人类生活至关重要，世界各国都在庆祝艺术，并将其用于各种目的。没有艺术的生活将是枯燥乏味的，因为艺术是我们人类的一部分。)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍艺术对人类有重要意义，是我们不可或缺的社会生活的一部分。所以用D项“Art:ABlessingtoHumankind”作为本文的题目与文章主题相符合。故选D。第三部分书面表达(共三节，40分)第一节选词填空(共7小题;每小题1分，共7分)阅读下面短文，请根据题意从方框中选出适当的词语并用其恰当形式填空。arguewith,aseriesof,breakdown,takechargeof,takeaction,comeupwith,comeacross41.First,Scott’stwosledges__________andthenthehorsesbegantohaveseriousdifficultieswiththesnowandthecold.42.Afterhundredsoffailedexperiments,TuYouyouandherteameventually__________apromisingchemical.43.TheEmpireofLightis__________paintingsbyBelgianartistRenéMagritte.44.Thetheatre’smusicaldirector,MichaelUmlauf,joinedBeethovenandtogetherthetwomen__________the orchestra.45.Toinspireyoungpeopleto__________fortheenvironment,animalsandtheircommunity,Roots&Shootswasestablished.46.Inthe1960s,agroupofcyclingfansinAmsterdam__________theideaof“whitebikes”.47.Ifyoufindyourinnervoicedifficulttocontrol,youcan__________itasmostactivelearnersdo.【答案】41.brokedown42.cameacross43.aseriesof44.tookchargeof45.takeaction46.cameupwith47.arguewith【解析】【41题详解】考查动词短语辨析和谓语动词。句意：刚开始，斯科特的两辆雪橇坏了，然后马开始在雪和寒冷中遇到严重困难。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词短语breakdown，作谓语，意为“出故障”。这句话描述的是过去的事情，谓语用一般过去时。故填brokedown。【42题详解】考查动词短语辨析和谓语动词。句意：经过数百次失败的实验，屠呦呦和她的团队最终发现了一种有前途的化学物质。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词短语comeacross，作谓语，意为“发现”。这句话描述的是过去的事情，谓语用一般过去时。故填cameacross。【43题详解】考查数词短语辨析。句意：《光之帝国》是比利时艺术家勒内·马格里特的一系列画作。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查数词短语aseriesof，意为“一系列”，作定语，修饰后面的名词paintings。故填aseriesof。【44题详解】考查动词短语辨析和谓语动词。句意：剧院的音乐总监迈克尔·乌姆劳夫加入了贝多芬的行列，两人共同指挥了管弦乐队。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词短语takechargeof，作谓语，意为“掌管，管理”。这句话描述的是过去的事情，谓语用一般过去时。故填tookchargeof。【45题详解】 考查动词短语辨析和非谓语动词。句意：为了激励年轻人为环境、动物和他们的社区采取行动，根与芽成立了。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词短语takeaction，意为“采取行动”，和前面的to构成动词不定式结构。故填takeaction。【46题详解】考查动词短语辨析和谓语动词。句意：20世纪60年代，阿姆斯特丹的一群自行车迷想出了“白色自行车”的主意。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词短语comeupwith，作谓语，意为“想出”。这句话描述的是过去的事情，谓语用一般过去时。故填cameupwith。【47题详解】考查动词短语辨析和谓语动词。句意：如果你发现自己内心的声音很难控制，你可以像大多数积极的学习者一样与之争论。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词短语arguewith，作谓语，意为“与……争论”。空格前面有情态动词can，后面用动词原形。故填arguewith。第二节(共5小题;48-51题各2分，第52题5分，共13分)阅读下而短文，根据题目要求用英语回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答，Beforeendinguponasupermarketshelf,anavocado(牛油果)hasproduced1.3kilogramsofcarbonintotheatmosphere.Itsproductionaloneuses60gallonsofwater.Despitethis,thefruitwilloftenbethrownawayashouseholdwaste.Householdfoodwasteistheresultofmismanagement.Ifthefoodisbettermanaged,muchofthewasteisavoidable.Toreducehouseholdfoodwaste,agrowingnumberoffoodsellersdecidetoremovedatelabeling,suchasthe“useby”or“bestbefore”date,fromsomefreshfood.Paststudieshaveconfirmedtheimportanceofdatelabelling.Almost60%ofwesternEuropeanconsumerssurveyedsaidthey“always”checkdatelabelswhilepurchasing.Butdatelabellingcancauseproblems.People’sfailuretotrulyunderstanddatelabelllingoftenleadstounreasonabledecisionmaking.Indeed,consumerscommonlydon’taccepteatable,butdate-expired(过期的)food.Togetridofdatelabellingisthereforeapromisingstart.Withoutdatelabels,informationthatmayaffectconsumers’understandingofwhatissafetoeatisremoved.Instead,consumersareencouragedtosensecheckfreshfooditems. Inthecaseofanavocado,theadvicegiventoconsumersisthatwhenripe(成熟的)itshouldhavea“pleasantandslightlysweetsmell”whiletheskinshouldbe“darkgreenorbrown”.Informationisalsoprovidedonhowanavocadoshouldlook,taste,andfeelwhen“overripe”.Itishopedthatabetterinformedconsumerwillbelesslikelytoblindlythrowawayfoodduetoanexpirationdate.48.Whatcauseshouseholdfoodwasteaccordingtothepassage?________________________________________________________________49.Whatdofoodsellersdecidetodotoreducehouseholdfoodwaste?________________________________________________________________50Whycandatelabellingcauseproblems?________________________________________________________________51.Howcanconsumersknowwhatissafetoeatwithoutdatelabels?________________________________________________________________52.Apartfromwhatismentionedinthepassage,whatelsecanyoudotoreducefoodwasteindailylife?(Inabout40words)________________________________________________________________【答案】48.Mismanagement.49.Foodsellersdecidetoremovedatelabeling,suchasthe“useby”or“bestbefore”date,fromsomefreshfood.50.Datelabellingoftenleadspeopletounreasonabledecisionmaking.51.Withoutdatelabels,consumerscanlook,taste,andfeelwhetherthefoodissafetoeat.52.Inordertoreducefoodwasteindailylife,wecanshopbyplanningweeklymealsaheadandeffectively,storefruitsandvegetablesinthecorrectwayandevenusefruitandvegetablepeelstomakefoodorfertilizer.【解析】【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要讲述为了减少食物浪费，越来越多的食品零售商取消了食物上的日期标签，以避免很多不必要的浪费。【48题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Householdfoodwasteistheresultofmismanagement.(家庭食物浪费是管理不善的结果。)”可知，家庭食物浪费是管理不善的结果。故答案为Mismanagement。【49题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Toreducehouseholdfoodwaste,agrowingnumberoffoodsellersdecidetoremovedatelabeling,suchasthe“useby”or“bestbefore”date,fromsomefreshfood.( 为了减少家庭食物浪费，越来越多的食品销售商决定取消一些新鲜食品的日期标签，如“保质期”或“保质期前”。)”可知，为了减少家庭食物浪费，越来越多的食品销售商决定取消一些新鲜食品的日期标签，如“保质期”或“保质期前”。故答案为Foodsellersdecidetoremovedatelabeling,suchasthe“useby”or“bestbefore”date,fromsomefreshfood.【50题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Butdatelabellingcancauseproblems.People’sfailuretotrulyunderstanddatelabelllingoftenleadstounreasonabledecisionmaking.Indeed,consumerscommonlydon’taccepteatable,butdate-expired(过期的)food.(但日期标签可能会带来问题。人们不能真正理解日期标注往往会导致不合理的决策。事实上，消费者通常不接受可吃但过期的食品。)”可知，日期标注往往会使人们做出不合理的决策。故答案为Datelabellingoftenleadspeopletounreasonabledecisionmaking.【51题详解】根据第四段“Withoutdatelabels,informationthatmayaffectconsumers’understandingofwhatissafetoeatisremoved.Instead,consumersareencouragedtosensecheckfreshfooditems.(如果没有日期标签，可能影响消费者对什么是安全食用的理解的信息就会被删除。相反，鼓励消费者对新鲜食品进行检测。)”，第五段“Inthecaseofanavocado,theadvicegiventoconsumersisthatwhenripe(成熟的)itshouldhavea“pleasantandslightlysweetsmell”whiletheskinshouldbe“darkgreenorbrown”.(就鳄梨而言，给消费者的建议是，鳄梨成熟后应该有“令人愉快的微甜气味”，而表皮应该是“深绿色或棕色”。)”和最后一段“Informationisalsoprovidedonhowanavocadoshouldlook,taste,andfeelwhen“overripe”.Itishopedthatabetterinformedconsumerwillbelesslikelytoblindlythrowawayfoodduetoanexpirationdate.(还提供了鳄梨“过熟”时的外观、味道和感觉信息。人们希望，更知情的消费者不太可能因为保质期而盲目扔掉食物。)”可知，没有日期标签，消费者可以比较新鲜食品的外观和气味来进行检测。故答案为Withoutdatelabels,consumerscanlook,taste,andfeelwhetherthefoodissafetoeat.【52题详解】本题是开放性试题，主要是问消费者们还有哪些方法可以减少食物浪费。比如：通过计划每周的饮食来有效地购物，以正确的方式储存水果和蔬菜；使用水果和蔬菜的果皮等。故答案为Inordertoreducefoodwasteindailylife,wecanshopbyplanningweeklymealsaheadandeffectively,storefruitsandvegetablesinthecorrectwayandevenusefruitandvegetablepeelstomakefoodorfertilizer.第三节(20分)53.假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你校正在举办“中国传统文化日”活动。你打算邀请外教Mr.Smith来参加此次活动。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.介绍活动(时间、地点、安排等)； 2.邀请参加。注意：1.词数不少于100；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearMr.Smith,_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua【答案】DearMr.Smith,IamLiHua,ahighschoolstudentfromRedStarMiddleSchool.OurschoolisgoingtoholdanactivitycalledTheChineseTraditionalCultureDayonApril23,from2p.m.to4p.m.attheschool’smulti-functionhall.ThepurposeoftheactivityistoimprovetheunderstandingofChinesetraditionalculture.Wehaveseveralculturalactivitystationslikecalligraphy,drawing,martialarts,andChinesetraditionalcostumeshow.Foreachstation,therewillbeaprofessionalcoachandstudentrepresentativestointroducetotheaudiences.IamwritingtoinviteyoutojoinusandshareyourviewsonChinesetraditionalculture.SinceyouareexperiencedandknowledgeableaboutChineseculture,Ibelieveyourparticipationinouractivitywouldbehighlyappreciated.Iamlookingforwardtoyourearlyresponse.Yourssincerely,LiHua【解析】【导语】这是一封邀请信。要求考生以红星中学高一学生李华的身份，用英文写一封电子邮件邀请外教Mr.Smith参加你校正在举办的“中国传统文化日”活动。【详解】1.词汇积累举行：hold→organize名称为：called→titled几个：several→ahandfulof 改善：improve→polishup2.句式拓展同义句改写原句：Ibelieveyourparticipationinouractivitywouldbehighlyappreciated.拓展句：Itismybeliefthatyourparticipationinouractivitywouldbehighlyappreciated.【点睛】【高分句型1】ThepurposeoftheactivityistoimprovetheunderstandingofChinesetraditionalculture.（动词不定式做表语）【高分句型2】SinceyouareexperiencedandknowledgeableaboutChineseculture,Ibelieveyourparticipationtoouractivitywouldbehighlyappreciated.（since引导的原因状语从句）